1
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Zhang M, Kim S, Yang HW. Non-canonical pathway for Rb inactivation and external signaling coordinate cell-cycle entry without CDK4/6 activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7847. [PMID: 38030655 PMCID: PMC10687137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are critical for initiating cell proliferation by inactivating the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. However, mammalian cells can bypass CDK4/6 for Rb inactivation. Here we show a non-canonical pathway for Rb inactivation and its interplay with external signals. We find that the non-phosphorylated Rb protein in quiescent cells is intrinsically unstable, offering an alternative mechanism for initiating E2F activity. Nevertheless, this pathway incompletely induces Rb-protein loss, resulting in minimal E2F activity. To trigger cell proliferation, upregulation of mitogenic signaling is required for stabilizing c-Myc, thereby augmenting E2F activity. Concurrently, stress signaling promotes Cip/Kip levels, competitively regulating cell proliferation with mitogenic signaling. In cancer, driver mutations elevate c-Myc levels, facilitating adaptation to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Differentiated cells, despite Rb-protein loss, maintain quiescence through the modulation of c-Myc and Cip/Kip levels. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into an alternative model of cell-cycle entry and the maintenance of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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2
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Gonzalez-Valero A, Reeves AG, Page ACS, Moon PJ, Miller E, Coulonval K, Crossley SWM, Xie X, He D, Musacchio PZ, Christian AH, McKenna JM, Lewis RA, Fang E, Dovala D, Lu Y, McGregor LM, Schirle M, Tallarico JA, Roger PP, Toste FD, Chang CJ. An Activity-Based Oxaziridine Platform for Identifying and Developing Covalent Ligands for Functional Allosteric Methionine Sites: Redox-Dependent Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22890-22901. [PMID: 36484997 PMCID: PMC10124963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a versatile strategy for identifying and characterizing functional protein sites and compounds for therapeutic development. However, the vast majority of ABPP methods for covalent drug discovery target highly nucleophilic amino acids such as cysteine or lysine. Here, we report a methionine-directed ABPP platform using Redox-Activated Chemical Tagging (ReACT), which leverages a biomimetic oxidative ligation strategy for selective methionine modification. Application of ReACT to oncoprotein cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) as a representative high-value drug target identified three new ligandable methionine sites. We then synthesized a methionine-targeting covalent ligand library bearing a diverse array of heterocyclic, heteroatom, and stereochemically rich substituents. ABPP screening of this focused library identified 1oxF11 as a covalent modifier of CDK4 at an allosteric M169 site. This compound inhibited kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner on purified protein and in breast cancer cells. Further investigation of 1oxF11 found prominent cation-π and H-bonding interactions stabilizing the binding of this fragment at the M169 site. Quantitative mass-spectrometry studies validated 1oxF11 ligation of CDK4 in breast cancer cell lysates. Further biochemical analyses revealed cross-talk between M169 oxidation and T172 phosphorylation, where M169 oxidation prevented phosphorylation of the activating T172 site on CDK4 and blocked cell cycle progression. By identifying a new mechanism for allosteric methionine redox regulation on CDK4 and developing a unique modality for its therapeutic intervention, this work showcases a generalizable platform that provides a starting point for engaging in broader chemoproteomics and protein ligand discovery efforts to find and target previously undruggable methionine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gonzalez-Valero
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Audrey G. Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Annika C. S. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick J. Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edward Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Faculté de Médecine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Steven W. M. Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patricia Z. Musacchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alec H. Christian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. McKenna
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard A. Lewis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric Fang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dustin Dovala
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yipin Lu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lynn M. McGregor
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus Schirle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Tallarico
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- Faculté de Médecine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Kabil MF, Mahmoud MY, Bakr AF, Zaafar D, El-Sherbiny IM. Switching indication of PEGylated lipid nanocapsules-loaded with rolapitant and deferasirox against breast cancer: Enhanced in-vitro and in-vivo cytotoxicity. Life Sci 2022; 305:120731. [PMID: 35753435 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among adult women worldwide, and it is associated with many genetic or hormonal factors. Despite the advanced therapeutic and theranostic strategies for BC treatment, cancer metastasis and relapse are often observed among patients which lead to therapeutic failure. Accordingly, among the repositioned medication against BC proliferation is neurokinin receptor antagonists and iron chelating agents especially rolapitant HCl (RP) and deferasirox (DFO). However, RP and DFO are classified as class II with low aqueous solubility. Both drugs were nanoformulated into PEGylated lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for enhancing their aqueous solubility and augmenting their efficacy. RP-LNCs, DFO-LNCs and their combinations were evaluated according to particle size (PS), zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI) and surface morphology. Importantly, the antitumor effect of these novel molecules and their nanoforms was evaluated against the suppression of Ehrlich Ascites tumor model using female mice. Results revealed that RP-LNCs, DFO-LNCs and RP/DFO-LNCs exerted PS from 45.23 ± 3.54 to 60.1 ± 3.32 nm with PDI around 0.20 which indicates homogenous particles distribution. Also, RP-LNCs, DFO-LNCs and RP/DFO-LNCs displayed surface charges of +16.6 ± 6.9, -13.3 ± 5.82 and - 20.2 ± 5.40 mV, respectively. The obtained LNCs conferred a high potent cytotoxic effect against MCF7 cancer cells as compared to parent drugs, with IC50 of 10.86 ± 0.89, 3.34 ± 0.99 and 2.24 ± 0.97 μg/mL for RP-LNCs, DFO-LNCs and RP/DFO-LNCs, respectively. The in-vivo pharmacodynamics effect of the developed nano-formulations showed superior antitumor effect for the individual drugs rather than their combinations as compared to the control group. The current study confirmed the potential of RP and DFO nanoforms as promising therapeutic agents for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa F Bakr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Ankill J, Aure MR, Bjørklund S, Langberg S, Kristensen VN, Vitelli V, Tekpli X, Fleischer T. Epigenetic alterations at distal enhancers are linked to proliferation in human breast cancer. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac008. [PMID: 35350772 PMCID: PMC8947789 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. Here, we perform genome-wide expression-methylation Quantitative Trait Loci (emQTL) analysis through the integration of DNA methylation and gene expression to identify disease-driving pathways under epigenetic control. By grouping the emQTLs using biclustering we identify associations representing important biological processes associated with breast cancer pathogenesis including regulation of proliferation and tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts. We report genome-wide loss of enhancer methylation at binding sites of proliferation-driving transcription factors including CEBP-β, FOSL1, and FOSL2 with concomitant high expression of proliferation-related genes in aggressive breast tumors as we confirm with scRNA-seq. The identified emQTL-CpGs and genes were found connected through chromatin loops, indicating that proliferation in breast tumors is under epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. Interestingly, the associations between enhancer methylation and proliferation-related gene expression were also observed within known subtypes of breast cancer, suggesting a common role of epigenetic regulation of proliferation. Taken together, we show that proliferation in breast cancer is linked to loss of methylation at specific enhancers and transcription factor binding and gene activation through chromatin looping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Ankill
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sunniva Bjørklund
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valeria Vitelli
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Pennycook BR, Barr AR. Palbociclib-mediated cell cycle arrest can occur in the absence of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Open Biol 2021; 11:210125. [PMID: 34784791 PMCID: PMC8596008 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of a wide range of cancers is an area of ongoing investigation. Despite their increasing clinical use, there is limited understanding of the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to these drugs. Recent data have cast doubt on how CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest proliferation, provoking renewed interest in the role(s) of CDK4/6 in driving cell proliferation. As the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer therapies becomes more prominent, an understanding of their effect on the cell cycle becomes more urgent. Here, we investigate the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors in promoting cell cycle arrest. Two main models explain how CDK4/6 inhibitors cause G1 cell cycle arrest, which differ in their dependence on the CDK inhibitor proteins p21 and p27. We have used live and fixed single-cell quantitative imaging, with inducible degradation systems, to address the roles of p21 and p27 in the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors. We find that CDK4/6 inhibitors can initiate and maintain a cell cycle arrest without p21 or p27. This work clarifies our current understanding of the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors and has implications for cancer treatment and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betheney R. Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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6
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Divya V, Pushpa VL. High-throughput virtual screening followed by in vitro investigation to identify new lead inhibitors of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 109:108020. [PMID: 34592583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the family of serine/threonine kinases, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4), is an important regulator in numerous signal transduction pathways. The cell cycle is dysregulated in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). A set of various categorical QSAR models were generated and validated in the current examination. A recursive partition model, with predictive ability shown by an accuracy of greater than 0.90, was used for virtual screening of 500,000 molecules. Following a consecutive series of molecular docking procedures, followed by pharmacokinetic analysis of 49759 molecules predicted to have pIC50 greater than 7.39, 25 molecules displayed properties that could be described as drug-like. We selected the lead molecules in the MCF-7 cell line based on its ability to promote cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Divya
- Department of Chemistry, Milad-E-Sherief Memorial College, Kayamkulam, Affiliated to University of Kerala, Kerala, PIN: 690502, India.
| | - V L Pushpa
- Research Department of Chemistry, DST-FIST Supported Department Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Affiliated to University of Kerala, Kerala, PIN: 691001, India.
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7
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Gaafar PME, El-Salamouni NS, Farid RM, Hazzah HA, Helmy MW, Abdallah OY. Pegylated liquisomes: A novel combined passive targeting nanoplatform of L-carnosine for breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120666. [PMID: 33933646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated Liquisomes (P-Liquisomes), a novel drug delivery system was designed for the first time by incorporating phospholipid complex in PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (P-LCNPs). L-carnosine (CN), a challenging dipeptide, has proven to be a promising anti-cancer drug. However, it exhibits high water solubility and extensive in-vivo degradation that halts its use. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of our novel system to improve the CN anticancer activity by prolonging it's release and protecting it in-vivo. In-vitro appraisal revealed spherical light-colored vesicles encapsulated in the liquid crystals, confirming the successful formation of the combined system. P-Liquisomes were nano-sized (149.3 ± 1.4 nm), with high ZP (-40.2 ± 1.5 mV), complexation efficiency (97.5 ± 0.9%) and outstanding sustained release of only 75.4% released after 24 h, compared to P-LCNPs and Phytosomes. The results obtained with P-Liquisomes are considered as a break through compared to P-LCNPs or Phytosomes alone, especially when dealing with the hydrophilic CN. In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, revealed superior cytotoxic effect of P-Liquisomes (IC50 = 25.9) after 24 h incubation. Besides, P-Liquisomes proved to be non-toxic in-vivo and succeeded to show superior chemopreventive activity manifested by reduction of; % tumor growth (7.1%), VEGF levels (14.3 pg/g tissue), cyclin D1 levels 15.5 ng/g tissue and elevation in caspase-3 level (36.4 ng/g tissue), compared to Phytosomes and CN solution. Conclusively, P-Liquisomes succeded to achieve the maximum therapeutic outcome of CN without altering its activity and might be used as a sustained delivery system for other promising hydrophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Komini C, Theohari I, Lambrianidou A, Nakopoulou L, Trangas T. PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237820. [PMID: 33712453 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A) polymerases add the poly(A) tail at the 3' end of nearly all eukaryotic mRNA, and are associated with proliferation and cancer. To elucidate the role of the most-studied mammalian poly(A) polymerase, poly(A) polymerase α (PAPOLA), in cancer, we assessed its expression in 221 breast cancer samples and found it to correlate strongly with the aggressive triple-negative subtype. Silencing PAPOLA in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth by decreasing steady-state cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA and protein levels. Whereas the length of the CCND1 mRNA poly(A) tail was not affected, its 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) lengthened. Overexpressing PAPOLA caused CCND1 mRNA 3'UTR shortening with a concomitant increase in the amount of corresponding transcript and protein, resulting in growth arrest in MCF-7 cells and DNA damage in HEK-293 cells. Such overexpression of PAPOLA promoted proliferation in the p53 mutant MDA-MB-231 cells. Our data suggest that PAPOLA is a possible candidate target for the control of tumor growth that is mostly relevant to triple-negative tumors, a group characterized by PAPOLA overexpression and lack of alternative targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Komini
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Irini Theohari
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, 11517, Greece
| | - Andromachi Lambrianidou
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Lydia Nakopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, 11517, Greece
| | - Theoni Trangas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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9
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Salimimoghadam S, Taefehshokr S, Loveless R, Teng Y, Bertoli G, Taefehshokr N, Musaviaroo F, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. The role of tumor suppressor short non-coding RNAs on breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 158:103210. [PMID: 33385514 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by remarkable levels of aggression and malignancy, BC remains one of the leading causes of death in females world wide. Accordingly, significant efforts have been made to develop early diagnostic tools, increase treatment efficacy, and improve patient prognosis. Hopefully, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying BC have been detected and show promising targeting potential. In particular, short and long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of endogenous BC controllers and include a number of different species including microRNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNA, short interfering RNAs, and tRNA-derivatives. In this review, we discuss the tumor suppressing roles of ncRNAs in the context of BC, and the mechanisms by which ncRNAs target tumor hallmarks, including apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and cell cycle progression, in addition to their diagnostic and prognostic significance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Shankaraiah N, Sakla AP, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R. Reliability of Click Chemistry on Drug Discovery: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2020; 20:253-272. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Akash P. Sakla
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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11
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Farid RM, Gaafar PM, Hazzah HA, Helmy MW, Abdallah OY. Chemotherapeutic potential of L-carnosine from stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles against breast cancer model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:891-911. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: L-carnosine-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CCMNPs) were developed to enhance chemotherapeutic activity of carnosine-dipeptide. Materials & methods: Surface grafting of MNPs with carnosine was contended by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell line was carried out. In vivo chemotherapeutic activity and toxicity was assessed by an Ehrlich Ascites tumor model. Results: CCMNPs possessed monodispersed size (120 nm), ζ (-27.3 mV), magnetization (51.52 emu/g) and entrapment efficiency (88.3%) with sustained release rate. CCMNPs showed 2.3-folds lower IC50 values compared with carnosine solution after 48 h. Targeted CCMNPs were specifically accumulated in tumor showing significant reduction in tumor size with no systemic toxicity. Significant reduction in VEGF and cyclin D1 levels were observed. Conclusion: The developed system endowed with responsiveness to an external stimulus can represent a promising magnetically targeted delivery system for carnosine site specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Passent M E Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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De Amicis F, Chiodo C, Morelli C, Casaburi I, Marsico S, Bruno R, Sisci D, Andò S, Lanzino M. AIB1 sequestration by androgen receptor inhibits estrogen-dependent cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1038. [PMID: 31684907 PMCID: PMC6829973 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgens, through their own receptor, play a protective role on breast tumor development and progression and counterbalance estrogen-dependent growth stimuli which are intimately linked to breast carcinogenesis. Methods Cell counting by trypan blu exclusion was used to study androgen effect on estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth. Quantitative Real Time RT–PCR, western blotting, transient transfection, protein immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to investigate how androgen treatment and/or androgen receptor overexpression influences the functional interaction between the steroid receptor coactivator AIB1 and the estrogen- or androgen receptor which, in turn affects the estrogen-induced cyclin D1 gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results Here we demonstrated, in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells, an androgen-dependent mechanism through which ligand-activated androgen receptor (AR) decreases estradiol-induced cyclin D1 protein, mRNA and gene promoter activity. These effects involve the competition between AR and ERα for the interaction with the steroid receptor coactivator AIB1, a limiting factor in the functional coupling of the ERα with the cyclin D1 promoter. Indeed, AIB1 overexpression is able to reverse the down-regulatory effects exerted by AR on ERα-mediated induction of cyclin D1 promoter activity. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the preferential interaction of AIB1 with ERα or AR depends on the intracellular expression levels of the two steroid receptors. In addition, ChIP analysis evidenced that androgen administration decreased E2-induced recruitment of AIB1 on the AP-1 site containing region of the cyclin D1 gene promoter. Conclusions Taken together all these data support the hypothesis that AIB1 sequestration by AR may be an effective mechanism to explain the reduction of estrogen-induced cyclin D1 gene activity. In estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation, these findings reinforce the possibility that targeting AR signalling may potentiate the effectiveness of anti-estrogen adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiodo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Marsico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, CS, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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13
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Kgk D, Kumari S, G S, Malla RR. Marine natural compound cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) peptide inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer cells by disrupting interaction of CD151 and EGFR signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108872. [PMID: 31669320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo (L-Leucyl-L-Prolyl) peptide/CLP is a marine natural metabolite and well recognized as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent with limited studies on anticancer activity. The current study aims to determine the effect of CLP on migration and growth of triple negative breast cancer cell lines. The anti-growth potential was evaluated by MTT, BrdU and TUNEL assays; DNA damage by γH2AX and Dead green assays; antimigration activity by Boyden chamber invasion and wound healing assays. Interaction of CLP with CD151 was resolved by PatchDock. Effect of CLP on the expression of transmembrane CD151 was evaluated by cell-based ELISA assay. The interaction between CD151 and EGFR was predicted by using FireDoc Web server. Impact of CLP on the interaction of CD151 with EGFR was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of CLP on the cell cycle and its controlling proteins was determined by Western blotting. CLP reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines but not human breast healthy epithelial cell line (MCF-12A) similar to eribulin, standard. CLP also inhibited proliferation; cell cycle and migration. It induced DNA strand breaks, DNA damage, and cell death. It showed the most favorable interactions with CD151 in in silico docking and significantly reduced the expression of membrane-bound CD151 proteins. FireDoc Web study predicted the association between CD151 and EGFR with -29.13 kcal/mol of binding energy. CLP reduced the interaction of CD151 with EGFR along with the expression of cyclin D, CDK4, PAK, RAC1, and P27kiP1. This study concludes that CLP suppresses growth and migration by attenuating cell cycle of TNBC cell lines via EGFR and CD151 signaling. Thus, exploring the EGFR and CD151 signaling pathway targeted by CLP may provide a new approach in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kgk
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shailender G
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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14
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Goshima T, Habara M, Maeda K, Hanaki S, Kato Y, Shimada M. Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 stability through dephosphorylation at T286. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12779. [PMID: 31484966 PMCID: PMC6726757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenic and metastatic properties in breast cancer. The molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of calcineurin inhibition, however, is poorly understood. We found that calcineurin inhibition delayed cell cycle progression at G1/S, and promoted cyclin D1 degradation by inhibiting dephosphorylation at T286. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin D1 partially rescued delayed G1/S progression, thereby revealing cyclin D1 as a key factor downstream of calcineurin inhibition. Cyclin D1 upregulation is observed in human invasive breast cancers, and our findings indicate that dysregulation of T286 phosphorylation could play a role in this phenomenon. We therefore propose that targeting site specific phosphorylation of cyclin D1 could be a potential strategy for clinical intervention of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Goshima
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan.
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15
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Song R, Wei X, Wang Y, Hu S, Ba Y, Xiao X, Zhang J. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 controls nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiotherapy by modulating cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:326-333. [PMID: 31155641 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInsulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), a zinc finger transcriptional factor, is proven to be deregulated in several types of cancers. However, comprehension of the molecular mechanism of INSM1-mediated tumor progression remains poor. Here, we show that the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients have higher expressions of INSM1 that correlated with poor prognosis. Genetic manipulation of INSM1 expression sufficiently controls the response of NPC cells to irradiation (IR). Mechanistically, cells exposed to IR, increased intracellular INSM1 competitively disrupts the interaction of cyclin D1 and CDK4 resulting in cell survival by the cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery. Moreover, knockdown of INSM1 sensitives NPC cells to IR in vivo and protects xenograft mice from mortality. Taken together, these results indicate that INSM1 modulates NPC to radiotherapy by controlling cyclin D1-dependent DNA repair machinery that could be manipulated as a novel molecular target for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xing Wei
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wang
- Ophthalmic Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shousen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunpeng Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiyan Xiao
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao M, Ying L, Zhu L. Inhibitory effect of simvastatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4477-4484. [PMID: 31105786 PMCID: PMC6507524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant head and neck cancers in southern China. Although the local and regional control of NPC has been considerably improved, patients with advanced disease still suffer from poor prognosis. Statins inhibit the mevalonate pathway and play antiproliferative and proapoptotic roles in a number of cancer cells. However, the effects and molecular mechanism of statins in NPC treatment remain unclear. In this study, the cell viability of NPC cell line, C666-1, after simvastatin exposure was determined using the alamarBlue Cell Viability Assay. Cell apoptosis in C666-1 treated with simvastatin was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins were determined using western blotting. Simvastatin markedly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, increased caspase 3 activity and induced apoptosis in C666-1 cells. Simvastatin induced Bim expression by regulating phosphorylation of transcriptional factor c-Jun. Simvastatin treatment induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in C666-1 cells by inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and enhancing p27 expression. Simvastatin treatment inhibited protein kinase B and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 activation. In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal the possible molecular mechanism of simvastatin-induced anti-tumor effects in C666-1 and suggest that simvastatin is a potential chemotherapy agent in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Ying
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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17
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Chen S, Guan X, Wang LL, Li B, Sang XB, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Fascaplysin inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through inhibiting CDK4. Gene 2017; 635:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Yang HW, Chung M, Kudo T, Meyer T. Competing memories of mitogen and p53 signalling control cell-cycle entry. Nature 2017; 549:404-408. [PMID: 28869970 DOI: 10.1038/nature23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell proliferation is necessary for immune responses, tissue repair, and upkeep of organ function to maintain human health. When proliferating cells complete mitosis, a fraction of newly born daughter cells immediately enter the next cell cycle, while the remaining cells in the same population exit to a transient or persistent quiescent state. Whether this choice between two cell-cycle pathways is due to natural variability in mitogen signalling or other underlying causes is unknown. Here we show that human cells make this fundamental cell-cycle entry or exit decision based on competing memories of variable mitogen and stress signals. Rather than erasing their signalling history at cell-cycle checkpoints before mitosis, mother cells transmit DNA damage-induced p53 protein and mitogen-induced cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA to newly born daughter cells. After mitosis, the transferred CCND1 mRNA and p53 protein induce variable expression of cyclin D1 and the CDK inhibitor p21 that almost exclusively determines cell-cycle commitment in daughter cells. We find that stoichiometric inhibition of cyclin D1-CDK4 activity by p21 controls the retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F transcription program in an ultrasensitive manner. Thus, daughter cells control the proliferation-quiescence decision by converting the memories of variable mitogen and stress signals into a competition between cyclin D1 and p21 expression. We propose a cell-cycle control principle based on natural variation, memory and competition that maximizes the health of growing cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Yang
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Takamasa Kudo
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical &Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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19
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Li Y, Qiu J, Pang T, Guo Z, Su Y, Zeng Q, Zhang X. Restoration of Arpin suppresses aggressive phenotype of breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:116-121. [PMID: 28531800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arpin, a negative regulator of the actin-related protein-2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, is downregulated and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, its biological relevance in breast cancer is still unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the roles of Arpin in breast cancer growth and invasion. We overexpressed Arpin expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and examined the effects of restoration of Arpin on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle distribution, invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. The related molecular mechanism(s) was determined. It was found that ectopic expression of Arpin significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that overexpression of Arpin significantly increased the percentage of G0/G1-phase cells and decreased the percentage of S-phase cells. Moreover, restoration of Arpin impaired the invasiveness of breast cancer cells, as determined by Transwell invasion assays. Mechanistically, overexpression of Arpin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt in breast cancer cells. Co-expression of a constitutively active form of Akt blunted the suppression of cell proliferation and invasion by Arpin. Taken together, we provide evidence that Arpin acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, which is associated with inhibition of Akt signaling. Restoration of Arpin may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiliang Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qingan Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuexia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.
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20
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Magiera K, Tomala M, Kubica K, De Cesare V, Trost M, Zieba BJ, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Les M, Dubin G, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Lithocholic Acid Hydroxyamide Destabilizes Cyclin D1 and Induces G 0/G 1 Arrest by Inhibiting Deubiquitinase USP2a. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:458-470.e18. [PMID: 28343940 PMCID: PMC5404848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
USP2a is a deubiquitinase responsible for stabilization of cyclin D1, a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression and a proto-oncoprotein overexpressed in numerous cancer types. Here we report that lithocholic acid (LCA) derivatives are inhibitors of USP proteins, including USP2a. The most potent LCA derivative, LCA hydroxyamide (LCAHA), inhibits USP2a, leading to a significant Akt/GSK3β-independent destabilization of cyclin D1, but does not change the expression of p27. This leads to the defects in cell-cycle progression. As a result, LCAHA inhibits the growth of cyclin D1-expressing, but not cyclin D1-negative cells, independently of the p53 status. We show that LCA derivatives may be considered as future therapeutics for the treatment of cyclin D1-addicted p53-expressing and p53-defective cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Magiera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Tomala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kubica
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Virginia De Cesare
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bartosz J Zieba
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Les
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Ghallab NA, Kasem RF, El-Ghani SFA, Shaker OG. Gene expression of miRNA-138 and cyclin D1 in oral lichen planus. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2481-2491. [PMID: 28275859 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate microRNA-138 (miR-138) gene expression and its target cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene and protein expression in oral lichen planus (OLP) mucosa in an attempt to investigate their possible roles in OLP immunopathogenesis. METHODS Sixty oral biopsy specimens were harvested from 30 healthy subjects and 30 OLP patients, subdivided into reticular, atrophic, and erosive groups (n = 10 each). Samples were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis for quantification of miR-138 and CCND1 relative gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis to determine CCND1 protein expression. RESULTS Samples from OLP patients had a significant underexpression of miR-138 gene and overexpression of CCND1 at both gene and protein levels compared to normal mucosa samples. The lowest levels of miR-138 expression were observed in atrophic and erosive OLP compared to reticular OLP, and the highest levels of CCND1 gene and protein expression were in atrophic OLP. An inverse correlation was demonstrated between the miR-138 expression and both CCND1 gene and protein expression in OLP patients. A significant positive correlation between CCND1 gene and protein expression was also observed. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-138 increases the gene and protein expression of its potential target CCND1 in OLP mucosa which might have a pivotal role in the disease pathogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This research implied that miR-138 may have a role in identification of symptomatic OLP lesions. MiR-138 might be considered as a potential tool in future OLP molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Ghallab
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, 43 Zahraa Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Fawzy Kasem
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safa Fathy Abd El-Ghani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry& Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Zhang B, Han S, Feng B, Chu X, Chen L, Wang R. Hepatitis B virus X protein-mediated non-coding RNA aberrations in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e293. [PMID: 28186085 PMCID: PMC5336563 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has an important role in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) can induce both genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as epigenetic aberrations in HCC pathogens. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly include microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although ncRNAs cannot code proteins, growing evidence has shown that they have various important biological functions in cell proliferation, cell cycle control, anti-apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms and emerging roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Accumulated data have shown that ncRNAs regulated by HBx have a crucial role in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The findings of these studies will contribute to more clinical applications of HBV-related ncRNAs as potential diagnostic markers or as molecular therapeutic targets to prevent and treat HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Soleimani Z, Kheirkhah D, Sharif MR, Sharif A, Karimian M, Aftabi Y. Association of CCND1 Gene c.870G>A Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-ControlStudy and a Meta-Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:621-631. [PMID: 28004353 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) plays an essential role in regulating the progress of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. There is a common c.870G>A polymorphism in the CCND1 gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CCND1 gene c.870G>A polymorphism with breast cancer risk in a case-control study, which followed by a meta-analysis and an in silico analysis. Three hundred and thirty-five subjects composed of 174 women with breast cancer and 161 healthy controls were included in the case-control study. CCND1 gene c.870G>A genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Meta-analysis was done for 14 studies composed of 7281 cases and 6820 controls. Some bioinformatics tools were applied to investigate the effects of c.870G>A on the mRNA splicing and structure. Our data obtained from case-control study revealed that GA genotype (OR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.12-3.17, p = 0.017), AA genotype (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.08-3.53, p = 0.027), and A allele (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.06-1.95, p = 0.019) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant association between CCND1 c.870G>A polymorphism and breast cancer risk, especially in Caucasian population. In silico analysis revealed that c.870G>A transition affect CCND1 mRNA splicing and secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davood Kheirkhah
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Younes Aftabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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MiR-613 induces cell cycle arrest by targeting CDK4 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:139-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Lv LY, Wang YZ, Zhang Q, Zang HR, Wang XJ. miR-539 induces cell cycle arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:534-40. [PMID: 26559153 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-yan Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology; Affiliated Liaocheng Second People Hospital, Taishan Medical College; Liaocheng China
| | - Yu-zhi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Affiliated Liaocheng Second People Hospital, Taishan Medical College; Liaocheng China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Affiliated Liaocheng Second People Hospital, Taishan Medical College; Liaocheng China
| | - Hong-rui Zang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Xing-jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Affiliated Liaocheng Second People Hospital, Taishan Medical College; Liaocheng China
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Vimalraj S, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in human osteoblastic cells by microRNA-15b. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Exploring the Potential of Venom from Nasonia vitripennis as Therapeutic Agent with High-Throughput Screening Tools. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2051-70. [PMID: 26046700 PMCID: PMC4488689 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom from the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains at least 80 different proteins and possibly even more peptides or other small chemical compounds, demonstrating its appealing therapeutic application. To better understand the dynamics of the venom in mammalian cells, two high-throughput screening tools were performed. The venom induced pathways related to an early stress response and activated reporters that suggest the involvement of steroids. Whether these steroids reside from the venom itself or show an induced release/production caused by the venom, still remains unsolved. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was found to be down-regulated after venom and LPS co-treatment, confirming the anti-inflammatory action of N. vitripennis venom. When analyzing the expression levels of the NF-κB target genes, potentially not only the canonical but also the alternative NF-κB pathway can be affected, possibly explaining some counterintuitive results. It is proposed that next to an NF-κB binding site, the promoter of the genes tested by the PCR array may also contain binding sites for other transcription factors, resulting in a complex puzzle to connect the induced target gene with its respective transcription factor. Interestingly, Nasonia venom altered the expression of some drug targets, presenting the venom with an exciting therapeutical potential.
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Overexpression of microRNA-16 declines cellular growth, proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:604-11. [PMID: 25672252 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a large family of small single-stranded RNA molecules found in all multicellular organisms. Early studies have been shown that miRNA are involved in cancer development and progression, and this role can be done by working as an oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, so manipulation of this molecules can be a promising approach in cancer therapy, and experimental results represented that the modification in breast cancer phenotype is possible by miRNA expression alteration. miR-16, which is located in 13q14 chromosome, plays critical roles as a tumor suppressor by targeting several oncogenes which regulate cell cycle and apoptosis. Hence, in the present study, we investigated whether miR-16 could decline growth and survival of MCF-7 cell line as model of human breast cancer. MCF-7 cell line was infected with lentiviruses containing miR-16 precursor sequence. The effects of ectopic expression of miR-16 on breast cancer phenotype were examined by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays. miR-16 cytotoxicity effect was measured by the MTT assay. We showed that the miR-16 overexpression reduces Cyclin D1 and BCL2 at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in MCF-7 cell line. In addition, this is found that enforced expression of miR-16 decreases cell growth and proliferation and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that upregulation of miR-16 would be a potential approach for breast cancer therapy.
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Selective repression of the oncogene cyclin D1 by the tumor suppressor miR-206 in cancers. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e113. [PMID: 25111862 PMCID: PMC5189965 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in cancer and have been shown to exhibit both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions. Although the functional effects of several miRNAs have been elucidated, those of many remain to be discovered. In silico analysis identified microRNA-206 (miR-206) binding sites in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of both the mouse and human CCND1 gene. Cyclin D1 is a recognized oncogene involved in direct phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and promoting cell cycle transition from G1 to S. miR-206 specifically binds to the CCND1 3′-UTR and mediates reduction of both cyclin D1 protein and mRNA. Expression of miR-206 induced a G1 arrest and a decrease in cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miRNA-resistant cyclin D1 was able to reverse the miR-206-induced decrease in cell proliferation. Therefore, we identified miR-206 as an activator of cell cycle arrest resulting in a decrease in cell proliferation that is dependent on the inhibition of cyclin D1. Interestingly, prostatic cancer (PCa) cells express low levels of miR-206 resulting in deregulated cyclin D1 expression compared with non-transformed primary prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC). Finally, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 is regulated by miR-206 in PrEC but not in PCa cells and this is due to the absence of a CCND1 3'-UTR in these cells. This suggests that miR-206-based anti-cyclin D1 targeted therapy would be beneficial in cancers where cyclin D1 is overexpressed and contains a 3′-UTR.
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Liu B, Gao YQ, Wang XM, Wang YC, Fu LQ. Germacrone inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells by promoting apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1046-50. [PMID: 24889088 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Germacrone is one of the major bioactive components of the traditional Chinese Medicinal plant Curcuma aromatica Salisb. and has been shown to possess anti‑tumor properties. In the present study, the anti‑proliferative effect of germacrone on human glioma cells and the molecular mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity were investigated. Treatment of the U87 and U251 human glioma cell lines with germacrone inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner as assessed by MTT assay, while significantly lower effects were observed on normal human astrocytes. Flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation revealed that germacrone promoted apoptosis of glioma cells, associated with an increased expression of p53 and bax and decreased expression of bcl‑2. Furthermore, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis revealed that germacrone induced G1 phase arrest, associated with an obvious decrease in the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 and an increased expression of p21. In conclusion, the present study suggested that germacrone may be a novel potent chemopreventive drug candidate for gliomas via regulating the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163411, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qiu Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163411, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163411, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qi Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163411, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, P.R. China
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XIAO FENQIANG, ZHANG WU, ZHOU LIN, XIE HAIYANG, XING CHUNYANG, DING SONGMING, CHEN KANGJIE, ZHENG SHUSEN. microRNA-200a is an independent prognostic factor of hepatocellular carcinoma and induces cell cycle arrest by targeting CDK6. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2203-10. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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32
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miR-371-5p down-regulates pre mRNA processing factor 4 homolog B (PRPF4B) and facilitates the G1/S transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:351-60. [PMID: 23466643 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has lent support to the notion that miRNAs regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation by directly targeting cell cycle-related genes. Among these genes, we identified PRPF4B, a CDK-like kinase, as a new target of miR-371-5p. Over-expression of miR-371-5p and knockdown of PRPF4B promotes cell growth by accelerating the G1/S transition in HCC cell lines. Moreover, miR-371-5p promotes tumor growth of QGY-7703 cells in vivo. Conversely, inhibition of miR-371-5p yields an opposing effect. Ectopic expression of PFPF4B abolishes the malignant phenotypes caused by miR-371-5p. Furthermore, contrary to PRPF4B, miR-371 was up-regulated in HCC tissues. Collectively, we highlight the significance of miR-371-5p and PRPF4B in cell cycle progression and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Wilkerson PM, Reis-Filho JS. the 11q13-q14 amplicon: Clinicopathological correlations and potential drivers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:333-55. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Wang W, Zhao LJ, Tan YX, Ren H, Qi ZT. Identification of deregulated miRNAs and their targets in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5442-53. [PMID: 23082062 PMCID: PMC3471114 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Six hundred and sixty seven human miRNAs were quantitatively analyzed by Taqman low-density miRNA array (TLDA) in HBV-HCC tissues. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to analyze the significant function and pathway of the differentially expressed miRNAs in HBV-HCC. TargetScan software was used to predict the targets of deregulated miRNAs. Western blotting and luciferase assay were performed to verify the targets of these miRNAs.
RESULTS: Ten up-regulated miRNAs (miR-217, miR-518b, miR-517c, miR-520g, miR-519a, miR-522, miR-518e, miR-525-3p, miR-512-3p, and miR-518a-3p) and 11 down-regulated miRNAs (miR-138, miR-214, miR-214#, miR-199a-5p, miR-433, miR-511, miR-592, miR-483-3p, miR-483-5p, miR-708 and miR-1275) were identified by Taqman miRNAs array and confirmed quantitatively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that “regulation of actin cytoskeleton” and “pathway in cancer” are most likely to play critical roles in HCC tumorigenesis. MiR-519a and ribosomal protein S6 kinase polypeptide 3 (RPS6KA3) were predicted as the most significant candidates by miRNA-mRNA network. In addition, cyclin D3 (CCND3) and clathrin heavy chain (CHC), usually up-regulated in HCC tissues, were validated as the direct target of miR-138 and miR-199a-5p, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest an importance of miR-138 and miR-199a-5p as well as their targets CCND3 and CHC in HCC tumorigenesis, and may provide more evidence for reliability of integrative bioinformatics analysis.
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Fascaplysin as a specific inhibitor for CDK4: insights from molecular modelling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42612. [PMID: 22905154 PMCID: PMC3419161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a key role in the cell cycle and are important anti-cancer drug targets. The natural product fascaplysin inhibits CDK4 with surprising selectivity (IC(50) = 0.4 µM) compared to the close homolog CDK2 (IC(50) = 500 µM). Free energy calculations of the positively charged fascaplysin and an uncharged iso-electronic derivative in the CDK2 and CDK4 inhibitor complexes indicate that the positive charge of fascaplysin is crucial for selectivity. This finding will guide further improvements in the design of fascaplysin-based selective inhibitors for CDK4.
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Wang W, Zhao LJ, Tan YX, Ren H, Qi ZT. MiR-138 induces cell cycle arrest by targeting cyclin D3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1113-20. [PMID: 22362728 PMCID: PMC3334515 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is frequently associated with a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we identified 10 upregulated miRNAs (miR-217, miR-518b, miR-517c, miR-520g, miR-519a, miR-522, miR-518e, miR-525-3p, miR-512-3p and miR-518a-3p) and 10 downregulated miRNAs (miR-138, miR-214, miR-214#, miR-27a#, miR-199a-5p, miR-433, miR-511, miR-592, miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p) by Taqman miRNAs array and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) confirmation. Additionally, we investigated the expression and possible role of miR-138 in HCC. qRT–PCR results showed that miR-138 was downregulated in 77.8%(14/18) of HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-138 reduced cell viability and colony formation by induction of cell arrest in HCC cell lines and inhibited tumor cell growth in xenograft nude mice. The use of miR-138 inhibitor increased cell viability and colony formation in HCC cell lines and tumor cell growth in xenograft nude mice. Using TargetScan predictions, CCND3 was defined as a potential direct target of miR-138. Furthermore, CCND3 protein expression was observed to be negatively correlated with miR-138 expression in HCC tissues. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that CCND3 was a direct target of miR-138. The use of miR-138 mimic or inhibitor could decrease or increase CCND3 protein levels in HCC cell lines. We conclude that the frequently downregulated miR-138 can regulate CCND3 and function as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Therefore, miR-138 may serve as a useful therapeutic agent for miRNA-based HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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In Vitro and In Vivo inhibitory effect of the combination of Wenxia Changfu Formula (温下肠腑方) with cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17:908-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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38
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Ko YM, Wu TY, Wu YC, Chang FR, Guh JY, Chuang LY. Annonacin induces cell cycle-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis in estrogen receptor-α-related pathways in MCF-7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1283-1290. [PMID: 21840388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tamoxifen resistance is common in estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancers. Pawpaw and soursop are anticancer annonaceous plants in complementary medicine. Thus, we studied the effects of annonacin, an annonaceous acetogenin, in breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth and ERα-related pathways were studied. The effects of annonacin were tested in MCF-7 xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS In ERα-positive MCF-7 cells, annonacin (half-effective dose ED(50) = 0.31 μM) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (ED(50) = 1.13 μM) decreased cell survival whereas annonacin (0.5-1 μM) increased cell death at 48 h. Annonacin and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were additive in inhibiting cell survival. Annonacin (0.1 μM) induced G(0)/G(1) growth arrest while increasing p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1) and decreasing cyclin D1 protein expression. Annonacin (0.1μM) decreased cyclin D1 protein expression more than 4-hydroxytamoxifen (1 μM). Annonacin (0.1 μM) increased apoptosis while decreasing Bcl-2 protein expression. The combination of annonacin (0.1 μM) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (1 μM) decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and ERα transcriptional activity more than annonacin (0.1 μM) did alone. Annonacin, but not 4-hydroxytamoxifen, decreased ERα protein expression. Moreover, annonacin decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and STAT3. In nude mice, annonacin decreased MCF-7 xenograft tumor size at 7-22 days. Moreover, annonacin decreased ERα, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein expression in the xenograft at 22 days. CONCLUSIONS Annonacin induced growth arrest and apoptosis in ERα-related pathways in MCF-7 cells. Annonacin and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were additive in inhibiting cell survival and ERα transcriptional activity. Moreover, annonacin attenuated MCF-7 xenograft tumor growth while inhibiting ERα, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein expressions in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Ko
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of chalcone-pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates linked via 1,2,3-triazole ring side-armed with alkane spacers. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3820-31. [PMID: 21676506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to develop multitarget drugs for the anticancer treatment, a new class of chalcone-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates linked through a 1,2,3-triazole moiety containing alkane spacers has been designed and synthesized. Combining these two core pharmacophore structures with modifications at A-C8/C-C2-position of PBD ring system yielded analogs with improved efficacy and have shown promising in vitro anticancer activity ranging from <0.1-2.92 μM. These PBD-conjugates caused G1 cell cycle arrest with effect on G1 cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Cyclin D1 and Cdk4. These conjugates also exhibited inhibitory effect on NF-kB, Bcl-XL proteins that play a vital role in breast cancer cell proliferation. These findings suggest that one of the compound 4d among this series is most effective and has potential for detailed investigations.
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Synergistic anticancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol with statin or receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:63-74. [PMID: 21533791 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is the only current method of treatment that provides some chance for long-term survival in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer. γ-Tocotrienol is a natural form of vitamin E found in high concentrations in palm oil and displays potent anticancer effects, but limited absorption and transport of by the body has made it difficult to obtain and sustain therapeutic levels in the blood and target tissues. Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase and are an example of a promising cancer chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical usefulness has been limited due to high-dose toxicity. Similarly, erlotinib and gefitinib are anticancer agents that inhibit the activation of individual HER/ErbB receptor subtypes, but have shown limited clinical success because of heterodimerization between different EGF receptor family members that can rescue cancer cells from agents directed against a single receptor subtype. Recent studies have investigated the anticancer effectiveness of low-dose treatment of various statins or EGF receptor inhibitors alone and in combination with γ-tocotrienol on highly malignant +SA mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol with these other chemotherapeutic agents resulted in a synergistic inhibition of +SA cell growth and viability. These findings strongly suggest that combined treatment of γ-tocotrienol with other anticancer agents may not only provide an enhanced therapeutic response but also provide a means to avoid the toxicity, low bioavailability, or limited therapeutic action associated with high-dose monotherapy.
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Borowiec AS, Hague F, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Lassoued K, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Regulation of IGF-1-dependent cyclin D1 and E expression by hEag1 channels in MCF-7 cells: The critical role of hEag1 channels in G1 phase progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:723-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kretzer NM, Cherian MT, Mao C, Aninye IO, Reynolds PD, Schiff R, Hergenrother PJ, Nordeen SK, Wilson EM, Shapiro DJ. A noncompetitive small molecule inhibitor of estrogen-regulated gene expression and breast cancer cell growth that enhances proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor {alpha}. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41863-73. [PMID: 21041310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for 17β-estradiol (E(2))-stimulated breast cancer growth and development of resistance to tamoxifen and other estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonists are not fully understood. We describe a new tool for dissecting ERα action in breast cancer, p-fluoro-4-(1,2,3,6,-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-thionpurin-8-ylthio) (TPSF), a potent small-molecule inhibitor of estrogen receptor α that does not compete with estrogen for binding to ERα. TPSF noncompetitively inhibits estrogen-dependent ERα-mediated gene expression with little inhibition of transcriptional activity by NF-κB or the androgen or glucocorticoid receptor. TPSF inhibits E(2)-ERα-mediated induction of the proteinase inhibitor 9 gene, which is activated by ERα binding to estrogen response element DNA, and the cyclin D1 gene, which is induced by tethering ERα to other DNA-bound proteins. TPSF inhibits anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent E(2)-ERα-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells but does not inhibit growth of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. TPSF also inhibits ERα-dependent growth in three cellular models for tamoxifen resistance; that is, 4-hydroxytamoxifen-stimulated MCF7ERαHA cells that overexpress ERα, fully tamoxifen-resistant BT474 cells that have amplified HER-2 and AIB1, and partially tamoxifen-resistant ZR-75 cells. TPSF reduces ERα protein levels in MCF-7 cells and several other cell lines without altering ERα mRNA levels. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 abolished down-regulation of ERα by TPSF. Thus, TPSF affects receptor levels at least in part due to its ability to enhance proteasome-dependent degradation of ERα. TPSF represents a novel class of ER inhibitor with significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kretzer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3602, USA
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Pawar SA, Sarkar TR, Balamurugan K, Sharan S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Dowdy SF, Huang AM, Sterneck E. C/EBP{delta} targets cyclin D1 for proteasome-mediated degradation via induction of CDC27/APC3 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9210-5. [PMID: 20439707 PMCID: PMC2889124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913813107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta, CEBPD, NFIL-6beta) has tumor suppressor function; however, the molecular mechanism(s) by which C/EBPdelta exerts its effect are largely unknown. Here, we report that C/EBPdelta induces expression of the Cdc27 (APC3) subunit of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which results in the polyubiquitination and degradation of the prooncogenic cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, and also down-regulates cyclin B1, Skp2, and Plk-1. In C/EBPdelta knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) Cdc27 levels were reduced, whereas cyclin D1 levels were increased even in the presence of activated GSK-3beta. Silencing of C/EBPdelta, Cdc27, or the APC/C coactivator Cdh1 (FZR1) in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells increased cyclin D1 protein expression. Like C/EBPdelta, and in contrast to cyclin D1, Cdc27 was down-regulated in several breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that Cdc27 itself may be a tumor suppressor. Cyclin D1 is a known substrate of polyubiquitination complex SKP1/CUL1/F-box (SCF), and our studies show that Cdc27 directs cyclin D1 to alternative degradation by APC/C. These findings shed light on the role and regulation of APC/C, which is critical for most cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehalata A. Pawar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Shikha Sharan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Youhong Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Steven F. Dowdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0686
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201; and
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Lanzino M, Sisci D, Morelli C, Garofalo C, Catalano S, Casaburi I, Capparelli C, Giordano C, Giordano F, Maggiolini M, Andò S. Inhibition of cyclin D1 expression by androgen receptor in breast cancer cells--identification of a novel androgen response element. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:5351-65. [PMID: 20421209 PMCID: PMC2938215 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) is a critical mitogen-regulated cell-cycle control element whose transcriptional modulation plays a crucial role in breast cancer growth and progression. Here we demonstrate that the non-aromatizable androgen 5-α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibits endogenous cyclin D1 expression, as evidenced by reduction of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels, and decrease of CCND1-promoter activity, in MCF-7 cells. The DHT-dependent inhibition of CCND1 gene activity requires the involvement and the integrity of the androgen receptor (AR) DNA-binding domain. Site directed mutagenesis, DNA affinity precipitation assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that this inhibitory effect is ligand dependent and it is mediated by direct binding of AR to an androgen response element (CCND1-ARE) located at −570 to −556-bp upstream of the transcription start site, in the cyclin D1 proximal promoter. Moreover, AR-mediated repression of the CCND1 involves the recruitment of the atypical orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 as a component of a multiprotein repressor complex also embracing the participation of Histone Deacetylase 1. In conclusion, identification of the CCND1-ARE allows defining cyclin D1 as a specific androgen target gene in breast and might contribute to explain the molecular basis of the inhibitory role of androgens on breast cancer cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Lanzino
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS) 87036, Italy
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Xaing M, Liu X, Zeng D, Wang R, Xu Y. Changes of protein kinase Calpha and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:159-64. [PMID: 20407865 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 non-smokers with normal lung function (non-smoker group), 14 smokers with normal lung function (smoker group), 11 smokers with mild to moderate COPD (COPD group). The morphological changes of pulmonary arteries were observed by HE-staining. The expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PKCalpha and cyclin D1 proteins in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were immunohistochemically determined. The percentages of PCNA-positive cells were taken as the smooth muscle cells proliferation index (PI). The mRNA expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were evaluated by real-time fluorescence PCR. Morphometrical analysis showed that the ratio of pulmonary artery wall area to total area (WA%) in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than that in non-smoker group (P<0.01). The PASMCs proliferation index in smoker group and COPD group was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker group (P<0.01). The protein levels of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly elevated in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group (P<0.01). Significant correlations were found between PKCalpha protein and WA% or PI (P<0.01). Correlations between cyclin D1 protein and WA% or PI also existed (P<0.01). The expression of PKCalpha was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 at both protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01). In conclusion, increased expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of PASMCs in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xaing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Samant GV, Wali VB, Sylvester PW. Anti-proliferative effects of gamma-tocotrienol on mammary tumour cells are associated with suppression of cell cycle progression. Cell Prolif 2009; 43:77-83. [PMID: 19922488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that gamma-tocotrienol induces potent anti-proliferative effects on +SA mammary tumour cells in culture; here, investigations have been conducted to determine its effects on intracellular signalling proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS +SA cells were maintained in mitogen-free defined media containing 0 or 4 micromgamma-tocotrienol, for 48 h to synchronize cell cycle in G(0) phase, and then they were exposed to 100 ng/ml EGF to initiate cell cycle progression. Whole cell lysates were collected at various time points from each treatment group and were prepared for Western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 4 micromgamma-tocotrienol significantly inhibited +SA cell proliferation over a 4-day culture period. Moreover, this treatment resulted in a relatively large reduction in cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4, CDK2 and CDK6 levels, between 4 and 24 h after EGF exposure. Tocotrienol treatment also resulted in a relatively large increase in CDK inhibitor (CKI) p27, prior to and after EGF exposure, but had little effect on levels of CKIs, p21 and p15. Tocotrienol treatment also induced a large relative reduction in retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation at ser780 and ser807/811. These findings strongly suggest that anti-proliferative effects of gamma-tocotrienol are associated with reduction in cell cycle progression from G(1) to S, as evidenced by increased p27 levels, and a corresponding decrease in cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and phosphorylated Rb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Samant
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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47
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ERK activation and cell growth require CaM kinases in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 335:155-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Tsou HR, Liu X, Birnberg G, Kaplan J, Otteng M, Tran T, Kutterer K, Tang Z, Suayan R, Zask A, Ravi M, Bretz A, Grillo M, McGinnis JP, Rabindran SK, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Mansour TS. Discovery of 4-(benzylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-diones and 4-[(pyridylmethyl)aminomethylene]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-diones as potent and selective inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2289-310. [PMID: 19317452 DOI: 10.1021/jm801026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The series of 4-(benzylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-dione and 4-[(pyridylmethyl)aminomethylene]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-dione derivatives reported here represents a novel class of potential antitumor agents, which potently and selectively inhibit CDK4 over CDK2 and CDK1. In the benzylamino headpiece, a 3-OH substituent is required on the phenyl ring for CDK4 inhibitory activity, which is further enhanced when an iodo, aryl, heteroaryl, t-butyl, or cyclopentyl substituent is introduced at the C-6 position of the isoquinoline-1,3-dione core. To circumvent the metabolic liability associated with the phenolic OH group on the 4-substituted 3-OH phenyl headpiece, we take two approaches: first, introduce a nitrogen o- or p- to the 3-OH group in the phenyl ring; second, replace the phenyl headpiece with N-substituted 2-pyridones. We present here the synthesis, SAR data, metabolic stability data, and a CDK4 mimic model that explains the binding, potency, and selectivity of our CDK4 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Ru Tsou
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, and Oncology Research, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA.
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Wali VB, Bachawal SV, Sylvester PW. Combined treatment of gamma-tocotrienol with statins induce mammary tumor cell cycle arrest in G1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:639-50. [PMID: 19359655 DOI: 10.3181/0810-rm-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins and gamma-tocotrienol (a rare isoform of vitamin E) both inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity and display anticancer activity. However, clinical application of statins has been limited by high dose toxicity. Previous studies showed that combined statin and gamma-tocotrienol treatment synergistically inhibits growth of highly malignant +SA mammary epithelial cells in culture. To investigate the mechanism mediating this growth inhibition, studies were conducted to determine the effect of combination low dose gamma-tocotrienol and statin treatment on +SA mammary tumor cell cycle progression. Treatment with 0.25 microM simvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, 10 microM pravastatin or 2.0 microM gamma-tocotrienol alone had no effect, while combined treatment of individual statins with gamma-tocotrienol significantly inhibited +SA cell proliferation during the 4-day culture period. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that combined treatment induced cell cycle arrest in G1. Additional studies showed that treatment with 0.25 microM simvastatin or 2 microM gamma-tocotrienol alone had no effect on the relative intracellular levels of cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6, but combined treatment caused a large reduction in cyclin D1 and CDK2 levels. Combined treatments also caused a relatively large increase in p27, but had no effect on p21 and p15 levels, and resulted in a large reduction in retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation at ser780 and ser807/811. Similar effects were observed following combined treatment of gamma-tocotrienol with low doses of lovastatin, mevastatin and pravastatin. These findings demonstrate that combination low dose statin and gamma-tocotrienol treatment induced mammary tumor cell cycle arrest at G1, resulting from an increase in p27 expression, and a corresponding decrease in cyclin D1, CDK2, and hypophosphorylation of Rb protein. These findings suggest that combined treatment of statins with gamma-tocotrienol may provide significant health benefits in the treatment of breast cancer in women, while avoiding myotoxicity associated with high dose statin monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Wali
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209-0470, USA
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Quiles I, Millán-Ariño L, Subtil-Rodríguez A, Miñana B, Spinedi N, Ballaré C, Beato M, Jordan A. Mutational analysis of progesterone receptor functional domains in stable cell lines delineates sets of genes regulated by different mechanisms. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:809-26. [PMID: 19299443 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors act directly in the nucleus on the chromatin organization and transcriptional activity of several promoters. Furthermore, they have an indirect effect on cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways, including MAPK, impacting ultimately on gene expression. We are interested in distinguishing between the two modes of action of progesterone receptor (PR) on the control of gene expression and cell proliferation. For this, we have stably expressed, in PR-negative breast cancer cells, tagged forms of the PR isoform B mutated at regions involved either in DNA binding (DNA-binding domain) or in its ability to interact with the estrogen receptor and to activate the c-Src/MAPK/Erk/Msk cascade (estrogen receptor-interacting domain). Both mutants impair PR-mediated activation of a well-understood model promoter in response to progestin, as well as hormone-induced cell proliferation. Additional mutants affecting transactivation activity of PR (activation function 2) or a zinc-finger implicated in dimerization (D-box) have also been tested. Microarrays and gene expression experiments on these cell lines define the subsets of hormone-responsive genes regulated by different modes of action of PR isoform B, as well as genes in which the nuclear and nongenomic pathways cooperate. Correlation between CCND1 expression in the different cell lines and their ability to support cell proliferation confirms CCND1 as a key controller gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Quiles
- Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Spain
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