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Ju H, Kim K, Kim BI, Woo SK. Graph Neural Network Model for Prediction of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Using Protein-Protein Interaction Network and 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:698. [PMID: 38255770 PMCID: PMC10815846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The image texture features obtained from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have revealed tumor heterogeneity. A combination of genomic data and radiomics may improve the prediction of tumor prognosis. This study aimed to predict NSCLC metastasis using a graph neural network (GNN) obtained by combining a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on gene expression data and image texture features. 18F-FDG PET/CT images and RNA sequencing data of 93 patients with NSCLC were acquired from The Cancer Imaging Archive. Image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT images and area under the curve receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each image feature was calculated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct gene modules, followed by functional enrichment analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes. The PPI of each gene module and genes belonging to metastasis-related processes were converted via a graph attention network. Images and genomic features were concatenated. The GNN model using PPI modules from WGCNA and metastasis-related functions combined with image texture features was evaluated quantitatively. Fifty-five image texture features were extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT, and radiomic features were selected based on AUC (n = 10). Eighty-six gene modules were clustered by WGCNA. Genes (n = 19) enriched in the metastasis-related pathways were filtered using DEG analysis. The accuracy of the PPI network, derived from WGCNA modules and metastasis-related genes, improved from 0.4795 to 0.5830 (p < 2.75 × 10-12). Integrating PPI of four metastasis-related genes with 18F-FDG PET/CT image features in a GNN model elevated its accuracy over a without image feature model to 0.8545 (95% CI = 0.8401-0.8689, p-value < 0.02). This model demonstrated significant enhancement compared to the model using PPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT derived from WGCNA (p-value < 0.02), underscoring the critical role of metastasis-related genes in prediction model. The enhanced predictive capability of the lymph node metastasis prediction GNN model for NSCLC, achieved through the integration of comprehensive image features with genomic data, demonstrates promise for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Ju
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 07812, Republic of Korea;
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Ranjbari S, Arslanturk S. Integration of incomplete multi-omics data using Knowledge Distillation and Supervised Variational Autoencoders for disease progression prediction. J Biomed Inform 2023; 147:104512. [PMID: 37813325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rapid advancement of high-throughput technologies in the biomedical field has resulted in the accumulation of diverse omics data types, such as mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression, for studying various diseases. Integrating these multi-omics datasets enables a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and facilitates accurate prediction of disease progression. METHODS However, conventional approaches face challenges due to the dimensionality curse problem. This paper introduces a novel framework called Knowledge Distillation and Supervised Variational AutoEncoders utilizing View Correlation Discovery Network (KD-SVAE-VCDN) to address the integration of high-dimensional multi-omics data with limited common samples. Through our experimental evaluation, we demonstrate that the proposed KD-SVAE-VCDN architecture accurately predicts the progression of breast and kidney carcinoma by effectively classifying patients as long- or short-term survivors. Furthermore, our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art multi-omics integration models. RESULTS Our findings highlight the efficacy of the KD-SVAE-VCDN architecture in predicting the disease progression of breast and kidney carcinoma. By enabling the classification of patients based on survival outcomes, our model contributes to personalized and targeted treatments. The favorable performance of our approach in comparison to several existing models suggests its potential to contribute to the advancement of cancer understanding and management. CONCLUSION The development of a robust predictive model capable of accurately forecasting disease progression at the time of diagnosis holds immense promise for advancing personalized medicine. By leveraging multi-omics data integration, our proposed KD-SVAE-VCDN framework offers an effective solution to this challenge, paving the way for more precise and tailored treatment strategies for patients with different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ranjbari
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, USA.
| | - Suzan Arslanturk
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, USA.
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3
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Sharaf BM, Giddey AD, Al-Hroub HM, Menon V, Okendo J, El-Awady R, Mousa M, Almehdi A, Semreen MH, Soares NC. Mass spectroscopy-based proteomics and metabolomics analysis of triple-positive breast cancer cells treated with tamoxifen and/or trastuzumab. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:467-488. [PMID: 36264351 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HER2-enriched breast cancer with high levels of hormone receptor expression, known as "triple positive" breast cancer, may represent a new entity with a relatively favourable prognosis against which the combination of chemotherapy, HER-2 inhibition, and endocrine treatment may be considered overtreatment. We explored the effect of the anticancer drugs tamoxifen and trastuzumab, both separately and in combination, on the integrated proteomic and metabolic profile of "triple positive" breast cancer cells (BT-474). METHOD We employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry using a Bruker timsTOF to investigate changes in BT-474 cell line treated with either tamoxifen, trastuzumab or a combination. Differentially abundant metabolites were identified using the Bruker Human Metabolome Database metabolite library and proteins using the Uniprot proteome for Homo sapiens using MetaboScape and MaxQuant, respectively, for identification and quantitation. RESULTS A total of 77 proteins and 85 metabolites were found to significantly differ in abundance in BT-474 treated cells with tamoxifen 5 μM/and or trastuzumab 2.5 μM. Findings suggest that by targeting important cellular signalling pathways which regulate cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation, and chemoresistance, these medicines have a considerable anti-growth effect in BT-474 cells. Pathways enriched for dysregulation include RNA splicing, neutrophil degranulation and activation, cellular redox homeostasis, mitochondrial transmembrane transport, ferroptosis and necroptosis, ABC transporters and central carbon metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings in protein and metabolite level research revealed that anti-cancer drug therapy had a significant impact on the key signalling pathways and molecular processes in triple positive BT-474 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Sharaf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D Giddey
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Varsha Menon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javan Okendo
- Systems and Chemical Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muath Mousa
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Almehdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Xiao S, Yao X, Ye J, Tian X, Yin Z, Zhou L. Epigenetic modification facilitates proline synthase PYCR1 aberrant expression in gastric cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194829. [PMID: 35654390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) upregulation contributes to the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and indicates poor survival. However, PYCR1 expression profile in GC subtypes and the mechanism behind its upregulation are not well-studied. METHODS PYCR1 expression profiles in GC subtypes and different stages of gastric carcinogenesis were assessed in different GC cohorts. Genetic alterations and epigenetic modulation in PYCR1 regulation were further investigated using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments. RESULTS PYCR1 expression was significantly higher in intestinal-type GC and associated molecular subtypes in TCGA and ACRG GC cohorts. During the cascade of intestinal-type GC, PYCR1 was continuously increased from normal gastric tissues through to atrophic gastritis, to intraepithelial neoplasia, and to GC. Copy number alterations in PYCR1 were associated with PYCR1 transcript expression. One CpG island was observed in PYCR1 promoter region, and the hypomethylation occurred at this region could contribute to PYCR1 transcriptional activation in GC. Besides, H3K27ac combination was found in PYCR1 promoter, and acetyltransferase p300 induced H3K27ac could promote PYCR1 expression in GC. CONCLUSIONS PYCR1 expression varies across GC subtypes, with intestinal-type GC and associated molecular subtypes having the highest expression. Hypomethylation at CpG sites and p300-induced H3K27ac modification within PYCR1 promoter could contribute to maintaining PYCR1 overexpression in GC. These results provide us with a new insight into epigenetic modulation in mitochondrial proline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Juxiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, China.
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Persad KL, Lopaschuk GD. Energy Metabolism on Mitochondrial Maturation and Its Effects on Cardiomyocyte Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886393. [PMID: 35865630 PMCID: PMC9294643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in energy metabolism play a major role in the lineage of cardiomyocytes, such as the dramatic changes that occur in the transition from neonate to newborn. As cardiomyocytes mature, they shift from a primarily glycolytic state to a mitochondrial oxidative metabolic state. Metabolic intermediates and metabolites may have epigenetic and transcriptional roles in controlling cell fate by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. In the maturing cardiomyocyte, such as in the postnatal heart, fatty acid oxidation increases in conjunction with increased mitochondrial biogenesis driven by the transcriptional coregulator PGC1-α. PGC1-α is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart at birth, with deficiencies leading to postnatal cardiomyopathy. While stem cell therapy as a treatment for heart failure requires further investigation, studies suggest that adult stem cells may secrete cardioprotective factors which may regulate cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival. This review will discuss how metabolism influences mitochondrial biogenesis and how mitochondrial biogenesis influences cell fate, particularly in the context of the developing cardiomyocyte. The implications of energy metabolism on stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and how this may be utilized as a therapy against heart failure and cardiovascular disease will also be discussed.
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Rahiminejad S, Maurya MR, Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Modular and mechanistic changes across stages of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:436. [PMID: 35448980 PMCID: PMC9022252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mechanisms contributing to the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well studied, cancer stage-specific mechanisms have been less comprehensively explored. This is the focus of this manuscript. METHODS Using previously published data for CRC (Gene Expression Omnibus ID GSE21510), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four stages of the disease. We then generated unweighted and weighted correlation networks for each of the stages. Communities within these networks were detected using the Louvain algorithm and topologically and functionally compared across stages using the normalized mutual information (NMI) metric and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. We also used Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm to detect potential biomarkers having a role in CRC. RESULTS Sixteen Thousand Sixty Two DEGs were identified between various stages (p-value ≤ 0.05). Comparing communities of different stages revealed that neighboring stages were more similar to each other than non-neighboring stages, at both topological and functional levels. A functional analysis of 24 cancer-related pathways indicated that several signaling pathways were enriched across all stages. However, the stage-unique networks were distinctly enriched only for a subset of these 24 pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway in stages I-III and Notch signaling pathway in stages III and IV). We identified potential biomarkers, including HOXB8 and WNT2 with increasing, and MTUS1 and SFRP2 with decreasing trends from stages I to IV. Extracting subnetworks of 10 cancer-relevant genes and their interacting first neighbors (162 genes in total) revealed that the connectivity patterns for these genes were different across stages. For example, BRAF and CDK4, members of the Ser/Thr kinase, up-regulated in cancer, displayed changing connectivity patterns from stages I to IV. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report molecular and modular networks for various stages of CRC, providing a pseudo-temporal view of the mechanistic changes associated with the disease. Our analysis highlighted similarities at both functional and topological levels, across stages. We further identified stage-specific mechanisms and biomarkers potentially contributing to the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahiminejad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kavitha Mukund
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Hipólito A, Martins F, Mendes C, Lopes-Coelho F, Serpa J. Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656851. [PMID: 34150624 PMCID: PMC8209414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
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Long NP, Heo D, Kim HY, Kim TH, Shin JG, Lee A, Kim DH. Metabolomics-guided global pathway analysis reveals better insights into the metabolic alterations of breast cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 202:114134. [PMID: 34052553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate metabolome measurements are critical for improved insights into breast cancer metabolic disturbances and enhanced exploration of novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, conventional functional interpretation is limited by metabolite identification capacity, which diminishes the scientific value of untargeted metabolomics analyses. In this study, we conducted a metabolomics-guided global pathway meta-analysis to investigate the metabolic alterations of breast cancer. Metabolic features were directly investigated in the pathway meta-analysis to identify breast cancer-associated metabolic processes. Conventional pathway analysis was also conducted involving identified metabolites alone. Comparison of the two strategies revealed that the global pathway meta-analysis approach could avoid the loss of functionally relevant information, relative to the conventional analysis findings. Furthermore, the pathway meta-analysis accurately captured alterations in the following components of the breast cancer metabolome: central carbon metabolism, oxidative glutamine metabolism, purine metabolism, nonessential amino acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. There were also substantial alterations of fatty acyl carnitine species and fatty acid β-oxidation processes. These pathways contribute to breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. In conclusion, we suggest that global pathway analysis and the conventional approach with identified metabolites should be employed together to maximize the exploration of breast cancer's metabolic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, 614735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614735, Republic of Korea.
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Scott DA. Analysis of Melanoma Cell Glutamine Metabolism by Stable Isotope Tracing and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2265:91-110. [PMID: 33704708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1205-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a major substrate for biosynthesis. It contributes to multiple pathways required for cell proliferation, supports antioxidant defense via glutathione synthesis, and sustains the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through anaplerosis. Glutamine-fueled anaplerosis and related biosynthesis can be studied in detail in melanoma using stable isotope (13C) labeling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of metabolite amounts and labeling. Detailed protocols for the assay of polar metabolites (including amino acids, TCA cycle, and glycolysis metabolites) and fatty acids by these methods following cell treatment with 13C-glutamine or 13C-glucose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Scott
- Cancer Metabolism Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh S, Das D, Arun P, Roy B, Biswas NK, Maitra A, Majumder PP. Application of Random Forest and data integration identifies three dysregulated genes and enrichment of Central Carbon Metabolism pathway in Oral Cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1219. [PMID: 33317464 PMCID: PMC7737291 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of epigenomic alterations associated with diseases primarily focus on methylation profiles of promoter regions of genes, but not of other genomic regions. In our past work (Das et al. 2019) on patients suffering from gingivo-buccal oral cancer - the most prevalent form of cancer among males in India - we have also focused on promoter methylation changes and resultant impact on transcription profiles. Here, we have investigated alterations in non-promoter (gene-body) methylation profiles and have carried out an integrative analysis of gene-body methylation and transcriptomic data of oral cancer patients. METHODS Tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from 40 patients. Data on methylation in the non-promoter (gene-body) regions of genes and transcriptome profiles were generated and analyzed. Because of high dimensionality and highly correlated nature of these data, we have used Random Forest (RF) and other data-analytical methods. RESULTS Integrative analysis of non-promoter methylation and transcriptome data revealed significant methylation-driven alterations in some genes that also significantly impact on their transcription levels. These changes result in enrichment of the Central Carbon Metabolism (CCM) pathway, primarily by dysregulation of (a) NTRK3, which plays a dual role as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor; (b) SLC7A5 (LAT1) which is a transporter dedicated to essential amino acids, and is overexpressed in cancer cells to meet the increased demand for nutrients that include glucose and essential amino acids; and, (c) EGFR which has been earlier implicated in progression, recurrence, and stemness of oral cancer, but we provide evidence of epigenetic impact on overexpression of this gene for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In rapidly dividing cancer cells, metabolic reprogramming from normal cells takes place to enable enhanced proliferation. Here, we have identified that among oral cancer patients, genes in the CCM pathway - that plays a fundamental role in metabolic reprogramming - are significantly dysregulated because of perturbation of methylation in non-promoter regions of the genome. This result compliments our previous result that perturbation of promoter methylation results in significant changes in key genes that regulate the feedback process of DNA methylation for the maintenance of normal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahana Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India
| | - Debodipta Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India
| | - P Arun
- Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Nidhan K Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, India. .,Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
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11
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Kariagina A, Lunt SY, McCormick JJ. Genomic and metabolomic analysis of step-wise malignant transformation in human skin fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:656-665. [PMID: 31276576 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes accompanying a step-wise malignant transformation was investigated using a syngeneic lineage of human fibroblasts. Cell immortalization was associated with minor alterations in metabolism. Consecutive loss of cell cycle inhibition in immortalized cells resulted in increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Overexpression of the H-Ras oncoprotein produced cells forming sarcomas in athymic mice. These transformed cells exhibited increased glucose consumption, glycolysis and a further increase in OXPHOS. Because of the markedly increased OXPHOS in transformed cells, the impact of a transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), which decreases glutamine influx to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, was tested. Indeed, AOA significantly decreased proliferation of malignantly transformed fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. AOA also decreased proliferation of cells susceptible to malignant transformation. Metabolomic studies in normal and transformed cells indicated that, in addition to the anticipated effect on the TCA cycle, AOA decreased production of nucleotides adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and uridine monophosphate. Exogenous nucleotides partially rescued decreased proliferation of the malignant cells treated with AOA. Our data indicate that AOA blocks several metabolic pathways essential for growth of malignant cells. Therefore, OXPHOS may provide important therapeutic targets for treatment of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kariagina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J Justin McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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12
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Yang HC, Stern A, Chiu DTY. G6PD: A hub for metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer. Biomed J 2020; 44:285-292. [PMID: 33097441 PMCID: PMC8358196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hubs play a major role in the initiation and development of cancer. Oncogenic signaling pathways drive metabolic reprogramming and alter redox homeostasis. G6PD has potential oncogenic activity and it plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation, survival and stress responses. Aberrant activation of G6PD via metabolic reprogramming alters NADPH levels, leading to an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant environment which can either enhance DNA oxidative damage and genomic instability or initiate oncogenic signaling. Nutrient deprivation can rewire metabolism, which leads to mutations that determine a cancer cell's fate. Deregulated G6PD status and oxidative stress form a vicious cycle, which paves the way for cancer progression. This review aims to update and focus the potential role of G6PD in metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Choi UY, Lee JJ, Park A, Zhu W, Lee HR, Choi YJ, Yoo JS, Yu C, Feng P, Gao SJ, Chen S, Eoh H, Jung JU. Oncogenic human herpesvirus hijacks proline metabolism for tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8083-8093. [PMID: 32213586 PMCID: PMC7149499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918607117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is well documented to regain intrinsic metabolic properties and to better mimic the in vivo situation than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. PYCR converts the P5C intermediate to proline as a biosynthesis pathway, whereas proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) breaks down proline to P5C as a degradation pathway. Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Here, we report a metabolic reprogramming of 3D tumor cell growth by oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. Metabolomic analyses revealed that KSHV infection increased nonessential amino acid metabolites, specifically proline, in 3D culture, not in 2D culture. Strikingly, the KSHV K1 oncoprotein interacted with and activated PYCR enzyme, increasing intracellular proline concentration. Consequently, the K1-PYCR interaction promoted tumor cell growth in 3D spheroid culture and tumorigenesis in nude mice. In contrast, depletion of PYCR expression markedly abrogated K1-induced tumor cell growth in 3D culture, not in 2D culture. This study demonstrates that an increase of proline biosynthesis induced by K1-PYCR interaction is critical for KSHV-mediated transformation in in vitro 3D culture condition and in vivo tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Yung Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Angela Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hye-Ra Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 30019 Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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14
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, Liu HY, Hwang TL, Stern A, Chiu DTY. The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091055. [PMID: 31500396 PMCID: PMC6770671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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15
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Barupal DK, Gao B, Budczies J, Phinney BS, Perroud B, Denkert C, Fiehn O. Prioritization of metabolic genes as novel therapeutic targets in estrogen-receptor negative breast tumors using multi-omics data and text mining. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3894-3909. [PMID: 31231467 PMCID: PMC6570467 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor negative (ERneg) breast cancer is an aggressive breast cancer subtype in the need for new therapeutic options. We have analyzed metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics data for a cohort of 276 breast tumors (MetaCancer study) and nine public transcriptomics datasets using univariate statistics, meta-analysis, Reactome pathway analysis, biochemical network mapping and text mining of metabolic genes. In the MetaCancer cohort, a total of 29% metabolites, 21% proteins and 33% transcripts were significantly different (raw p <0.05) between ERneg and ERpos breast tumors. In the nine public transcriptomics datasets, on average 23% of all genes were significantly different (raw p <0.05). Specifically, up to 60% of the metabolic genes were significantly different (meta-analysis raw p <0.05) across the transcriptomics datasets. Reactome pathway analysis of all omics showed that energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids were associated with ERneg status. Text mining revealed that several significant metabolic genes and enzymes have been rarely reported to date, including PFKP, GART, PLOD1, ASS1, NUDT12, FAR1, PDE7A, FAHD1, ITPK1, SORD, HACD3, CDS2 and PDSS1. Metabolic processes associated with ERneg tumors were identified by multi-omics integration analysis of metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics data. Overall results suggested that TCA anaplerosis, proline biosynthesis, synthesis of complex lipids and mechanisms for recycling substrates were activated in ERneg tumors. Under-reported genes were revealed by text mining which may serve as novel candidates for drug targets in cancer therapies. The workflow presented here can also be used for other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Barupal
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Bei Gao
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brett S Phinney
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Perroud
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,German Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Resveratrol Action on Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112704. [PMID: 31159437 PMCID: PMC6601040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer diseases have the leading position in human mortality nowadays. The age of oncologic patients is still decreasing, and the entire scientific society is eager for new ways to fight against cancer. One of the most discussed issues is prevention by means of natural substances. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Tumor cells display specific changes in the metabolism of various lipids. Resveratrol alters lipid metabolism in cancer, thereby affecting storage of energy, cell signaling, proliferation, progression, and invasiveness of cancer cells. At the whole organism level, it contributes to the optimal metabolism extent with respect to the demands of the organism. Thus, resveratrol could be used as a preventive and anticancer agent. In this review, we focus on some of the plethora of lipid pathways and signal molecules which are affected by resveratrol during carcinogenesis.
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17
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Zhu C, Li M, Vincent T, Martin HL, Crouch BT, Martinez AF, Madonna MC, Palmer GM, Dewhirst MW, Ramanujam N. Simultaneous in vivo optical quantification of key metabolic and vascular endpoints reveals tumor metabolic diversity in murine breast tumor models. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800372. [PMID: 30565420 PMCID: PMC8744479 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutically exploiting vascular and metabolic endpoints becomes critical to translational cancer studies because altered vascularity and deregulated metabolism are two important cancer hallmarks. The metabolic and vascular phenotypes of three sibling breast tumor lines with different metastatic potential are investigated in vivo with a newly developed quantitative spectroscopy system. All tumor lines have different metabolic and vascular characteristics compared to normal tissues, and there are strong positive correlations between metabolic (glucose uptake and mitochondrial membrane potential) and vascular (oxygen saturations and hemoglobin concentrations) parameters for metastatic (4T1) tumors but not for micrometastatic (4T07) and nonmetastatic (67NR) tumors. A longitudinal study shows that both vascular and metabolic endpoints of 4T1 tumors increased up to a specific tumor size threshold beyond which these parameters decreased. The synchronous changes between metabolic and vascular parameters, along with the strong positive correlations between these endpoints suggest that 4T1 tumors rely on strong oxidative phosphorylation in addition to glycolysis. This study illustrates the great potential of our optical technique to provide valuable dynamic information about the interplay between the metabolic and vascular status of tumors, with important implications for translational cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hannah L Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian T Crouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy F Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Office of Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan C Madonna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory M Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nimmi Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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19
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Teoh ST, Ogrodzinski MP, Ross C, Hunter KW, Lunt SY. Sialic Acid Metabolism: A Key Player in Breast Cancer Metastasis Revealed by Metabolomics. Front Oncol 2018; 8:174. [PMID: 29892572 PMCID: PMC5985449 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable. It has recently emerged that different metabolic pathways support metastatic breast cancer. To further uncover metabolic pathways enabling breast cancer metastasis, we investigated metabolic differences in mouse tumors of differing metastatic propensities using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. We found that sialic acid metabolism is upregulated in highly metastatic breast tumors. Knocking out a key gene in sialic acid metabolism, Cmas, inhibits synthesis of the activated form of sialic acid, cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid and decreases the formation of lung metastases in vivo. Thus, the sialic acid pathway may be a new target against metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Martin P Ogrodzinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christina Ross
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kent W Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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20
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Mele L, Paino F, Papaccio F, Regad T, Boocock D, Stiuso P, Lombardi A, Liccardo D, Aquino G, Barbieri A, Arra C, Coveney C, La Noce M, Papaccio G, Caraglia M, Tirino V, Desiderio V. A new inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blocks pentose phosphate pathway and suppresses malignant proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29760380 PMCID: PMC5951921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major glucose metabolism pathway, which has a fundamental role in cancer growth and metastasis. Even though PPP blockade has been pointed out as a very promising strategy against cancer, effective anti-PPP agents are not still available in the clinical setting. Here we demonstrate that the natural molecule polydatin inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of PPP. Polydatin blocks G6PD causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and strong increase of endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects are followed by cell cycle block in S phase, an about 50% of apoptosis, and 60% inhibition of invasion in vitro. Accordingly, in an orthotopic metastatic model of tongue cancer, 100 mg/kg polydatin induced an about 30% tumor size reduction with an about 80% inhibition of lymph node metastases and 50% reduction of lymph node size (p < 0.005). Polydatin is not toxic in animals up to a dose of 200 mg/kg and a phase II clinical trial shows that it is also well tolerated in humans (40 mg twice a day for 90 days). Thus, polydatin may be used as a reliable tool to limit human cancer growth and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Oncologia Medica ed Ematologia, Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Boocock
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Department of Research, Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- SSD Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Clare Coveney
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG1 4FQ, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
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21
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Expression of Pentose Phosphate Pathway-Related Proteins in Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:9369358. [PMID: 29682102 PMCID: PMC5845514 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9369358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of pentose phosphate pathway- (PPP-) related proteins and their significance in clinicopathologic factors of breast cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for PPP-related proteins (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PDH], 6-phosphogluconolactonase [6PGL], 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6PGDH], and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 [NRF2]) was performed using tissue microarray (TMA) of 348 breast cancers. mRNA levels of these markers in publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas project and Kaplan-Meier plotters were analyzed. Results Expression of G6PDH and 6PGL was higher in HER-2 type (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009, resp.) and lower in luminal A type. 6PGDH expression was detected only in TNBC subtype (p < 0.001). G6PDH positivity was associated with ER negativity (p = 0.001), PR negativity (p = 0.001), and HER-2 positivity (p < 0.001), whereas 6PGL positivity was associated with higher T stage (p = 0.004). The 562 expression profile from the TCGA database revealed increased expression of G6PDH and 6PG in the tumor compared with normal adjacent breast tissue. The expression of G6PDH was highest in HER-2 type. HER-2 and basal-like subtypes showed higher expression of 6PGDH than luminal types. Conclusion PPP-related proteins are differentially expressed in breast cancer according to molecular subtype, and higher expression of G6PDH and 6PGL was noted in HER-2 subtype.
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22
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Kim YH, Goh TS, Lee CS, Oh SO, Kim JI, Jeung SH, Pak K. Prognostic value of microRNAs in osteosarcoma: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8726-8737. [PMID: 28060730 PMCID: PMC5352436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. We meta-analyzed the prognostic value of altered miRNAs in patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS Sources from MEDLINE (from inception to August 2016) and EMBASE (from inception to August 2016) were searched. Studies of osteosarcoma with results of miRNA and studies that reported survival data were included and two authors performed the data extraction independently. Any discrepancies were resolved by a consensus. The outcome was overall survival and event-free survival assessed using hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS After reviewing the full text of 65 articles, 25 studies including 2,278 patients were eligible in this study. The pooled HR for deaths was 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.94, p=0.04) with random-effects model (χ2=113.08, p<0.00001, I2=79%) for patients of osteosarcoma with lower expression of miRNA. However, the pooled HR for events was not significant (HR 0.97, 0.63-1.48, p=0.87, χ2=72.65, p<0.00001, I2=79%). In pathway analysis of miRNAs, miRNA449a, 199-5p, 542-5p have common target genes. CONCLUSIONS Expression level of miRNA in patients of osteosarcoma is important as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hak Kim
- BEER, Busan Society of Evidence-Based Medicine and Research, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sik Goh
- BEER, Busan Society of Evidence-Based Medicine and Research, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Seung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Il Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Jeung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- BEER, Busan Society of Evidence-Based Medicine and Research, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Nittoli AC, Costantini S, Sorice A, Capone F, Ciarcia R, Marzocco S, Budillon A, Severino L. Effects of α-zearalenol on the metabolome of two breast cancer cell lines by 1H-NMR approach. Metabolomics 2018; 14:33. [PMID: 30830360 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed toxins that contaminates many crops and foods. Its major metabolites are α-Zearalenol (α-zol) and β-Zearalenol. Previous studies showed that ZEN and α-zol have estrogenic properties and are able to induce growth promoting effect in breast tissues. OBJECTIVIES Considering that tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism and that the evaluation of the cellular metabolome is useful to understand the metabolic changes that can occur during the cancer development and progression or after treatments, aim of our work is to study, for the first time, the effects of α-zol on the metabolomic profile of an estrogen positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and of an estrogen negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231. METHODS Firstly, we tested the effects of α-zol on the cell viability after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatments with 10-10, 10-8 and 10-6 M concentrations on breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines in comparison to human non-cancerous breast MCF10A cell line. Then, we evaluated cell cycle progression, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the metabolomic profiling by 1H-NMR approach on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 before and after 72 h treatments. Principal component analysis was used to compare the obtained spectra. RESULTS α-zol is resulted able to induce: (i) an increase of the cell viability on MCF-7 cells mainly after 72 h treatment, (ii) a slight decrease of the cell viability on MDA-MB231 cells, and (iii) an increase of cells in S phase of the cell cycle and of ROS only in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the evaluation of metabolomics profile evidenced that after treatment with α-zol the levels of some metabolites increased in MCF-7 cells whereas decreased slightly in MDA-MB231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that α-zol was able to increase the protein biosynthesis as well as the lipid metabolism in MCF-7 cells, and, hence, to induce an estrogen positive breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Nittoli
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Sorice
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Campus di Fisciano, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Unità di Farmacologia Sperimentale - Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lorella Severino
- Unità di Farmacologia e Tossicologia - Dipatimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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24
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Alasadi A, Chen M, Swapna GVT, Tao H, Guo J, Collantes J, Fadhil N, Montelione GT, Jin S. Effect of mitochondrial uncouplers niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) and oxyclozanide on hepatic metastasis of colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:215. [PMID: 29440715 PMCID: PMC5833462 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of cancer cells is characterized by aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect. Aerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate flux into mitochondria, preventing a complete oxidation of glucose and shunting glucose to anabolic pathways essential for cell proliferation. Here we tested a new strategy, mitochondrial uncoupling, for its potential of antagonizing the anabolic effect of aerobic glycolysis and for its potential anticancer activities. Mitochondrial uncoupling is a process that facilitates proton influx across the mitochondrial inner membrane without generating ATP, stimulating a futile cycle of acetyl- CoA oxidation. We tested two safe mitochondrial uncouplers, NEN (niclosamide ethanolamine) and oxyclozanide, on their metabolic effects and anti-cancer activities. We used metabolomic NMR to examine the effect of mitochondrial uncoupling on glucose metabolism in colon cancer MC38 cells. We further tested the anti-cancer effect of NEN and oxyclozanide in cultured cell models, APCmin/+ mouse model, and a metastatic colon cancer mouse model. Using a metabolomic NMR approach, we demonstrated that mitochondrial uncoupling promotes pyruvate influx to mitochondria and reduces various anabolic pathway activities. Moreover, mitochondrial uncoupling inhibits cell proliferation and reduces clonogenicity of cultured colon cancer cells. Furthermore, oral treatment with mitochondrial uncouplers reduces intestinal polyp formation in APCmin/+ mice, and diminishes hepatic metastasis of colon cancer cells transplanted intrasplenically. Our data highlight a unique approach for targeting cancer cell metabolism for cancer prevention and treatment, identified two prototype compounds, and shed light on the anti-cancer mechanism of niclosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alasadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Graduate Program of Physiology and Integrative Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - G V T Swapna
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hanlin Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Juan Collantes
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Noor Fadhil
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Program, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gaetano T Montelione
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shengkan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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25
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Craze ML, Cheung H, Jewa N, Coimbra NDM, Soria D, El-Ansari R, Aleskandarany MA, Wai Cheng K, Diez-Rodriguez M, Nolan CC, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. MYC regulation of glutamine-proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:258-265. [PMID: 29169183 PMCID: PMC5785743 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and some are reliant on glutamine for sustained proliferation and survival. We hypothesise that the glutamine-proline regulatory axis has a key role in breast cancer (BC) in the highly proliferative classes. METHODS Glutaminase (GLS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (ALDH18A1), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) were assessed at DNA/mRNA/protein levels in large, well-characterised cohorts. RESULTS Gain of PYCR1 copy number and high PYCR1 mRNA was associated with Luminal B tumours. High ALDH18A1 and high GLS protein expression was observed in the oestrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)- high proliferation class (Luminal B) compared with ER+/HER2- low proliferation class (Luminal A) (P=0.030 and P=0.022 respectively), however this was not observed with mRNA. Cluster analysis of the glutamine-proline regulatory axis genes revealed significant associations with molecular subtypes of BC and patient outcome independent of standard clinicopathological parameters (P=0.012). High protein expression of the glutamine-proline enzymes were all associated with high MYC protein in Luminal B tumours only (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We provide comprehensive clinical data indicating that the glutamine-proline regulatory axis plays an important role in the aggressive subclass of luminal BC and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Craze
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Hayley Cheung
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Natasha Jewa
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Nuno D M Coimbra
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Daniele Soria
- Department of Computer Science, University of Westminster, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Rokaya El-Ansari
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Kiu Wai Cheng
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Christopher C Nolan
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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26
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Proietti S, Cucina A, Minini M, Bizzarri M. Melatonin, mitochondria, and the cancer cell. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4015-4025. [PMID: 28785807 PMCID: PMC11107593 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-recognized fact that oxidative stress within mitochondria is a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction has stimulated the development of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapies. Melatonin should be included among the pharmacological agents able to modulate mitochondrial functions in cancer, given that a number of relevant melatonin-dependent effects are triggered by targeting mitochondrial functions. Indeed, melatonin may modulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus antagonizing the cancer highly glycolytic bioenergetic pathway of cancer cells. Modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, together with Ca2+ release and mitochondrial apoptotic effectors, may enhance the spontaneous or drug-induced apoptotic processes. Given that melatonin may efficiently counteract the Warburg effect while stimulating mitochondrial differentiation and mitochondrial-based apoptosis, it is argued that the pineal neurohormone could represent a promising new perspective in cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery, "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery, "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Surgery, "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Yan X, Zhang G, Bie F, Lv Y, Ma Y, Ma M, Wang Y, Hao X, Yuan N, Jiang X. Eugenol inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation via downregulation of c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα signaling pathway in MCF10A-ras cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12920. [PMID: 29018241 PMCID: PMC5634997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in cellular energy metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting metabolic pathways for cancer treatment has been investigated as potential preventive or therapeutic methods. Eugenol (Eu), a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil mainly obtained from Syzygium, has been reported as a potential chemopreventive drug. However, the mechanism by which Eu regulates cellular energy metabolism is still not well defined. This study was designed to determine the effect of Eu on cellular energy metabolism during early cancer progression employing untransformed and H-ras oncogene transfected MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Eu showed dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity toward MCF10A-ras cells but exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells. Treatment with Eu also significantly reduced intracellular ATP levels in MCF10A-ras cells but not in MCF10A cells. This effect was mediated mainly through inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexs and the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins including PPARα, MCAD and CPT1C by downregulating c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα pathway and decreasing oxidative stress in MCF10A-ras cells. These results indicate a novel mechanism involving the regulation of cellular energy metabolism by which Eu may prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- The School Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjie Bie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Bio-engineering institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yurong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Teoh ST, Lunt SY. Metabolism in cancer metastasis: bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
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29
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Tokarz J, Haid M, Cecil A, Prehn C, Artati A, Möller G, Adamski J. Endocrinology Meets Metabolomics: Achievements, Pitfalls, and Challenges. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:705-721. [PMID: 28780001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome, although very dynamic, is sufficiently stable to provide specific quantitative traits related to health and disease. Metabolomics requires balanced use of state-of-the-art study design, chemical analytics, biostatistics, and bioinformatics to deliver meaningful answers to contemporary questions in human disease research. The technology is now frequently employed for biomarker discovery and for elucidating the mechanisms underlying endocrine-related diseases. Metabolomics has also enriched genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in this area by providing functional data. The contributions of rare genetic variants to metabolome variance and to the human phenotype have been underestimated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Tokarz
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark Haid
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Cecil
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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30
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Angione C. Integrating splice-isoform expression into genome-scale models characterizes breast cancer metabolism. Bioinformatics 2017; 34:494-501. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Angione
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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31
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Bruntz RC, Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Exploring cancer metabolism using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11601-11609. [PMID: 28592486 PMCID: PMC5512057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.776054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. The changes in metabolism are adaptive to permit proliferation, survival, and eventually metastasis in a harsh environment. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) is an approach that uses advanced approaches of NMR and mass spectrometry to analyze the fate of individual atoms from stable isotope-enriched precursors to products to deduce metabolic pathways and networks. The approach can be applied to a wide range of biological systems, including human subjects. This review focuses on the applications of SIRM to cancer metabolism and its use in understanding drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40506; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40506; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506.
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40506; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40506; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506.
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32
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Badr HA, AlSadek DMM, El-Houseini ME, Saeui CT, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ, Ahmed H. Harnessing cancer cell metabolism for theranostic applications using metabolic glycoengineering of sialic acid in breast cancer as a pioneering example. Biomaterials 2017; 116:158-173. [PMID: 27926828 PMCID: PMC5193387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal cell surface display of sialic acids - a family of unusual 9-carbon sugars - is widely recognized as distinguishing feature of many types of cancer. Sialoglycans, however, typically cannot be identified with sufficiently high reproducibility and sensitivity to serve as clinically accepted biomarkers and similarly, almost all efforts to exploit cancer-specific differences in sialylation signatures for therapy remain in early stage development. In this report we provide an overview of important facets of glycosylation that contribute to cancer in general with a focus on breast cancer as an example of malignant disease characterized by aberrant sialylation. We then describe how cancer cells experience nutrient deprivation during oncogenesis and discuss how the resulting metabolic reprogramming, which endows breast cancer cells with the ability to obtain nutrients during scarcity, constitutes an "Achilles' heel" that we believe can be exploited by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) strategies to develop new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. In particular, we hypothesize that adaptations made by breast cancer cells that allow them to efficiently scavenge sialic acid during times of nutrient deprivation renders them vulnerable to MGE, which refers to the use of exogenously-supplied, non-natural monosaccharide analogues to modulate targeted aspects of glycosylation in living cells and animals. In specific, once non-natural sialosides are incorporated into the cancer "sialome" they can be exploited as epitopes for immunotherapy or as chemical tags for targeted delivery of imaging or therapeutic agents selectively to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Motawa E El-Houseini
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA.
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33
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Liu P, Sun M, Jiang W, Zhao J, Liang C, Zhang H. Identification of targets of miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 in fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3882-3888. [PMID: 27895744 PMCID: PMC5104194 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by microRNA (miRNA)-221 and miRNA-222 that are associated with the resistance of breast cancer to fulvestrant. The GSE19777 transcription profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and includes data from three samples of antisense miRNA-221-transfected fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR breast cancer cells, three samples of antisense miRNA-222-transfected fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR cells and three samples of control inhibitor (green fluorescent protein)-treated fulvestrant-resistant MCF7-FR cells. The linear models for microarray data package in R/Bioconductor was employed to screen for DEGs in the miRNA-transfected cells, and the pheatmap package in R was used to perform two-way clustering. Pathway enrichment was conducted using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tool. Furthermore, a miRNA-messenger (m) RNA regulatory network depicting interactions between miRNA-targeted upregulated DEGs was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape. In total, 492 and 404 DEGs were identified for the antisense miRNA-221-transfected MCF7-FR cells and the antisense miRNA-222-transfected MCF7-FR cells, respectively. Genes of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were significantly enriched in the antisense miRNA-221-transfected MCF7-FR cells. In addition, components of the Wnt signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were significantly enriched in the antisense miRNA-222-transfected MCF7-FR cells. In the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, miRNA-222 was demonstrated to target protocadherin 10 (PCDH10). The results of the present study suggested that the PPP and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as CAMs and PCDH10, may be associated with the resistance of breast cancer to fulvestrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Manna Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Heibei University of Technology, Tianjin 300322, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Jinkun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chunyong Liang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Heibei University of Technology, Tianjin 300322, P.R. China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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35
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Simões RV, Serganova IS, Kruchevsky N, Leftin A, Shestov AA, Thaler HT, Sukenick G, Locasale JW, Blasberg RG, Koutcher JA, Ackerstaff E. Metabolic plasticity of metastatic breast cancer cells: adaptation to changes in the microenvironment. Neoplasia 2016; 17:671-84. [PMID: 26408259 PMCID: PMC4674487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism during tumorigenesis. We studied two isogenic breast cancer cells lines (highly metastatic 4T1; nonmetastatic 67NR) to identify differences in their glucose and glutamine metabolism in response to metabolic and environmental stress. Dynamic magnetic resonance spectroscopy of (13)C-isotopomers showed that 4T1 cells have higher glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux than 67NR cells and readily switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in response to different extracellular environments. OXPHOS activity increased with metastatic potential in isogenic cell lines derived from the same primary breast cancer: 4T1 > 4T07 and 168FARN (local micrometastasis only) > 67NR. We observed a restricted TCA cycle flux at the succinate dehydrogenase step in 67NR cells (but not in 4T1 cells), leading to succinate accumulation and hindering OXPHOS. In the four isogenic cell lines, environmental stresses modulated succinate dehydrogenase subunit A expression according to metastatic potential. Moreover, glucose-derived lactate production was more glutamine dependent in cell lines with higher metastatic potential. These studies show clear differences in TCA cycle metabolism between 4T1 and 67NR breast cancer cells. They indicate that metastases-forming 4T1 cells are more adept at adjusting their metabolism in response to environmental stress than isogenic, nonmetastatic 67NR cells. We suggest that the metabolic plasticity and adaptability are more important to the metastatic breast cancer phenotype than rapid cell proliferation alone, which could 1) provide a new biomarker for early detection of this phenotype, possibly at the time of diagnosis, and 2) lead to new treatment strategies of metastatic breast cancer by targeting mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui V Simões
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna S Serganova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Kruchevsky
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avigdor Leftin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Howard T Thaler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Sukenick
- NMR Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Blasberg
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason A Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 10065, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, New York, NY, USA.
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Liu W, Hancock CN, Fischer JW, Harman M, Phang JM. Proline biosynthesis augments tumor cell growth and aerobic glycolysis: involvement of pyridine nucleotides. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17206. [PMID: 26598224 PMCID: PMC4657043 DOI: 10.1038/srep17206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the nonessential amino acid proline contributes to tumor metabolic reprogramming. Previously we showed that MYC increases proline biosynthesis (PB) from glutamine. Here we show MYC increases the expression of the enzymes in PB at both protein and mRNA levels. Blockade of PB decreases tumor cell growth and energy production. Addition of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) or proline reverses the effects of P5C synthase knockdown but not P5C reductases knockdown. Importantly, the reversal effect of proline was blocked by concomitant proline dehydrogenase/oxidase (PRODH/POX) knockdown. These findings suggest that the important regulatory contribution of PB to tumor growth derives from metabolic cycling between proline and P5C rather than product proline or intermediate P5C. We further document the critical role of PB in maintaining pyridine nucleotide levels by connecting the proline cycle to glycolysis and to the oxidative arm of the pentose phosphate pathway. These findings establish a novel function of PB in tumorigenesis, linking the reprogramming of glucose, glutamine and pyridine nucleotides, and may provide a novel target for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chad N Hancock
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph W Fischer
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Meredith Harman
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James M Phang
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Santoro M, Guido C, De Amicis F, Sisci D, Cione E, Vincenza D, Donà A, Panno ML, Aquila S. Bergapten induces metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:568-76. [PMID: 26459431 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism are among the most consistent hallmarks of cancer. Herein, after a comprehensive metabolic phenotype characterization of MCF7 and ZR75 breast cancer cells, we investigated the activity of bergapten (Bg), a plant-derived compound, against breast cancer. The study of different biochemical pathways involved in cell metabolism revealed that the two cell lines have different bioenergetic phenotypes: MCF7 cells express a glycolytic phenotype only partially oxidative, while ZR75 cells mainly have an oxidative phenotype. In both cell lines, Bg blocked glycolysis and significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity promoting glucose accumulation; modulated bioenergetic requirements altering the expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and ATP production; and induced a lipid-lowering effect since an increased lipase activity concomitantly to a reduction in triglyceride levels was observed. Quantitative data of different metabolites and enzymatic activities were presented. Treatment with Bg resulted in an alteration in different metabolic pathways inducing death in the cells. We report a novel action of the natural product Bg on breast cancer, since it induced metabolic reprogramming by disrupting the interconnected network of different metabolic mechanisms. Bg can be used in combination with other forms of targeted chemotherapy to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Santoro
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Carmela Guido
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Dolce Vincenza
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ada Donà
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Panno
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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38
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Zhang Y, Fang N, You J, Zhou Q. [Advances in the relationship between tumor cell metabolism and tumor metastasis]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 17:812-8. [PMID: 25404272 PMCID: PMC6000352 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular nutrients and the rate of energy flowing in tumor cells are often higher than that in normal cells due to the prolonged stress of tumor-specific microenvironment. In this context, the metabolism of tumor cells provides the fuel of bio-synthesis and energy required for tumor metastasis. Consistent with this, the abnormal metabolism such as extremely active glucose metabolism and excessive accumulating of fatty acid is also discovered in metastatic tumors. Previous Studies have confirmed that the regulation of tumor metabolism can affect the tumor metastasis, and some of these have been successfully applied in clinical effective, positive way. Thus, targeting metabolism of tumor cells might be an effectively positive way to prevent the metastasis of tumor. So, our review is focused on the research development of the relationship between tumor metabolism and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nianzhen Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiacong You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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39
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Ahn CS, Metallo CM. Mitochondria as biosynthetic factories for cancer proliferation. Cancer Metab 2015; 3:1. [PMID: 25621173 PMCID: PMC4305394 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-015-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unchecked growth and proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, and numerous oncogenic mutations reprogram cellular metabolism to fuel these processes. As a central metabolic organelle, mitochondria execute critical biochemical functions for the synthesis of fundamental cellular components, including fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. Despite the extensive interest in the glycolytic phenotype of many cancer cells, tumors contain fully functional mitochondria that support proliferation and survival. Furthermore, tumor cells commonly increase flux through one or more mitochondrial pathways, and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy in some cancers. Here, we review the biosynthetic roles of mitochondrial metabolism in tumors and highlight specific cancers where these processes are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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40
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Navarrete A, Armitage EG, Musteanu M, García A, Mastrangelo A, Bujak R, López-Casas PP, Hidalgo M, Barbas C. Metabolomic evaluation of Mitomycin C and rapamycin in a personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00067. [PMID: 25505613 PMCID: PMC4186447 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In a personalized treatment designed for a patient with pancreatic cancer resistant to other treatments, the success of Mitomycin C (MMC) has been highlighted. This was revealed in a murine xenograft tumor model encompassing pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells extracted from the patient. The patient was found to exhibit a biallelic inactivation of the PALB2 gene, involved in DNA repair in addition to another mutation in the TSC2 gene that induces susceptibility of the tumor to therapeutic targets of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. The aim of the study was to apply metabolomics to elucidate the modes of action of each therapy, suggesting why MMC was so successful in this patient and why it could be a more popular choice in future pancreatic cancer treatment. The effectiveness of MMC compared to rapamycin (RM), another relevant therapeutic agent has been evaluated through liquid- and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analyses of the xenograft tumors. The relative concentrations of many metabolites in the xenograft tumors were found to be increased by MMC relative to other treatments (RM and a combination of both), including a number that are involved in central carbon metabolism (CCM). Metabolic fingerprinting revealed statistically significantly altered pathways including, but not restricted to, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, in addition to many significant lipid and amino acid alterations. Given the genetic background of the patient, it was expected that the combined therapy would be most effective; however, the most effective was MMC alone. It is proposed that the effectiveness of MMC is owed to its direct effect on CCM, a vital region of tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Navarrete
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily G Armitage
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Musteanu
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre) E-28029, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalaura Mastrangelo
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renata Bujak
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk Al. Hallera 107, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Pedro P López-Casas
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre) E-28029, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre) E-28029, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo Campus Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, which is ubiquitously present in all living organisms, is one of the major metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism. The most important functions of this pathway includes the generation of reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH for reductive biosynthesis, and production of ribose sugars for the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and other macromolecules required by all living cells. Under normal conditions of growth, PP pathway is important for cell cycle progression, myelin formation, and the maintenance of the structure and function of brain, liver, cortex and other organs. Under diseased conditions, such as in cases of many metabolic, neurological or malignant diseases, pathological mechanisms augment due to defects in the PP pathway genes. Adoption of alternative metabolic pathways by cells that are metabolically abnormal, or malignant cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs often plays important roles in disease progression and severity. Accordingly, the PP pathway has been suggested to play critical roles in protecting cancer or abnormal cells by providing reduced environment, to protect cells from oxidative damage and generating structural components for nucleic acids biosynthesis. Novel drugs that targets one or more components of the PP pathway could potentially serve to overcome challenges associated with currently available therapeutic options for many metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. However, careful designing of drugs is critical that takes into the accounts of cell’s broader genomic, proteomic and metabolic contexts under consideration, in order to avoid undesirable side-effects. In this review, we discuss the role of PP pathway under normal and abnormal physiological conditions and the potential of the PP pathway as a target for new drug development to treat metabolic and non-metabolic diseases.
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Morandi A, Chiarugi P. Metabolic implication of tumor:stroma crosstalk in breast cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:117-26. [PMID: 24458539 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic properties of cancer cells significantly differ from those of normal cells. In particular, cancer cells are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon that has been exploited clinically by using labelled glucose for positron emission tomography imaging. Importantly, cancer-associated alterations in metabolism are not merely due to the resulting response to cell proliferation and survival. Indeed, direct metabolic regulation could be driven by tumor oncogenes and/or suppressors, as demonstrated in several solid tumors, including breast cancer. Despite the fact that most breast cancer studies have focused on the intrinsic characteristics of breast tumor cells, it is now widely accepted that tumor microenvironment plays an important role in defining and reprogramming cancer cell metabolism. Tumor:stroma crosstalk, as well as inflammatory cues, concurs to outlining the cancer metabolism, impact on cancer aggressiveness and ultimately on patient survival and therapeutic responses. The aim of this review is to (i) gather the most recent data regarding the metabolic alterations in breast cancer, (ii) describe the role of tumor microenvironment in breast cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and (iii) contemplate how targeting metabolic pathways aberrantly activated in breast cancer could help current therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence, I-50134, Italy
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43
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Hutschenreuther A, Birkenmeier G, Bigl M, Krohn K, Birkemeyer C. Glycerophosphoglycerol, Beta-alanine, and pantothenic Acid as metabolic companions of glycolytic activity and cell migration in breast cancer cell lines. Metabolites 2013; 3:1084-101. [PMID: 24958267 PMCID: PMC3937838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer research, cell lines are used to explore the molecular basis of the disease as a substitute to tissue biopsies. Breast cancer in particular is a very heterogeneous type of cancer, and different subgroups of cell lines have been established according to their genomic profiles and tumor characteristics. We applied GCMS metabolite profiling to five selected breast cancer cell lines and found this heterogeneity reflected on the metabolite level as well. Metabolite profiles of MCF-7 cells belonging to the luminal gene cluster proved to be more different from those of the basal A cell line JIMT-1 and the basal B cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MDA-MB-436 with only slight differences in the intracellular metabolite pattern. Lactate release into the cultivation medium as an indicator of glycolytic activity was correlated to the metabolite profiles and physiological characteristics of each cell line. In conclusion, pantothenic acid, beta-alanine and glycerophosphoglycerol appeared to be related to the glycolytic activity designated through high lactate release. Other physiological parameters coinciding with glycolytic activity were high glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity as well as cell migration as an additional important characteristic contributing to the aggressiveness of tumor cells. Metabolite profiles of the cell lines are comparatively discussed with respect to known biomarkers of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hutschenreuther
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gerd Birkenmeier
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marina Bigl
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Knut Krohn
- University of Leipzig, IZKF Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Liebigstr 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Dettmer K, Vogl FC, Ritter AP, Zhu W, Nürnberger N, Kreutz M, Oefner PJ, Gronwald W, Gottfried E. Distinct metabolic differences between various human cancer and primary cells. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2836-47. [PMID: 23857076 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen resurging interest in cancer cell metabolism and the role of secreted cancer metabolites in modulating the tumor stroma. Using a combination of nontargeted and targeted LC and GC-MS methods, the exometabolomes of three leukemia, two melanoma, three renal cell carcinoma, two colorectal adenocarcinoma, four hepatocellular carcinoma, three breast cancer, two bladder carcinoma, and one glioblastoma cell line, as well as five primary cultures of human melanocytes, hepatocytes, monocytes, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, that had been all cultivated under identical conditions, were investigated. Unsupervised affinity propagation clustering of the metabolic footprints yielded five distinct clusters that grouped the investigated cell cultures mainly according to the tissue of origin. A common expected feature of all neoplastic cells was high lactate production. Extracellular arginine and nicotinamide were major discriminants between normal and neoplastic hepatocytes. Further, significant differences in the assimilation of di- and tripeptides were observed. This finding appears to underscore the importance of peptides for meeting the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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45
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Chan B, VanderLaan PA, Sukhatme VP. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase regulates tumor cell migration in vitro by regulating receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:247-51. [PMID: 23973484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is the third enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Recently, we reported that knockdown of 6PGD inhibited lung tumor growth in vitro and in a xenograft model in mice. In this study, we continued to examine the functional role of 6PGD in cancer. We show that 6PGD expression positively correlates with advancing stage of lung carcinoma. In search of functional signals related to 6PGD, we discovered that knockdown of 6PGD significantly inhibited phosphorylation of c-Met at tyrosine residues known to be critical for activity. This downregulation of c-Met phosphorylation correlated with inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Overexpression of a constitutively active c-Met specifically rescued the migration but not proliferation phenotype of 6PGD knockdown. Therefore, 6PGD appears to be required for efficient c-Met signaling and migration of tumor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barden Chan
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Pallotta ML. L-Proline uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria can contribute to bioenergetics during nutrient stress as alternative mitochondrial fuel. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:19-31. [PMID: 23824663 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
L-Proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a distinctive metabolite both biochemically and biotechnologically and is currently recognized to have a cardinal role in gene expression and cellular signaling pathways in stress response. Proline-fueled mitochondrial metabolism involves the oxidative conversion of L-Proline to L-Glutamate in two enzymatic steps by means of Put1p and Put2p that help Saccharomyces cerevisiae to respond to changes in the nutritional environment by initiating the breakdown of L-Proline as a source for nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Compartmentalization of L-Proline catabolic pathway implies that extensive L-Proline transport must take place between the cytosol where its biogenesis via Pro1p, Pro2p, Pro3p occurs and mitochondria. L-Proline uptake in S. cerevisiae purified and active mitochondria was investigated by swelling experiments, oxygen uptake and fluorimetric measurement of a membrane potential generation (ΔΨ). Our results strongly suggest that L-Proline uptake occurs via a carried-mediated process as demonstrated by saturation kinetics and experiments with N-ethylmaleimide, a pharmacological compound that is a cysteine-modifying reagent in hydrophobic protein domains and that inhibited mitochondrial transport. Plasticity of S. cerevisiae cell biochemistry according to background fluctuations is an important factor of adaptation to stress. Thus L-Proline → Glutamate route feeds Krebs cycle providing energy and anaplerotic carbon for yeast survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy,
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Tsai IL, Kuo TC, Ho TJ, Harn YC, Wang SY, Fu WM, Kuo CH, Tseng YJ. Metabolomic Dynamic Analysis of Hypoxia in MDA-MB-231 and the Comparison with Inferred Metabolites from Transcriptomics Data. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:491-510. [PMID: 24216987 PMCID: PMC3730319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia affects the tumor microenvironment and is considered important to metastasis progression and therapy resistance. Thus far, the majority of global analyses of tumor hypoxia responses have been limited to just a single omics level. Combining multiple omics data can broaden our understanding of tumor hypoxia. Here, we investigate the temporal change of the metabolite composition with gene expression data from literature to provide a more comprehensive insight into the system level in response to hypoxia. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to perform metabolomic profiling on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line under hypoxic conditions. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the metabolic difference between hypoxia and normoxia was similar over 24 h, but became distinct over 48 h. Time dependent microarray data from the same cell line in the literature displayed different gene expressions under hypoxic and normoxic conditions mostly at 12 h or earlier. The direct metabolomic profiles show a large overlap with theoretical metabolic profiles deduced from previous transcriptomic studies. Consistent pathways are glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate, purine and arginine and proline metabolism. Ten metabolic pathways revealed by metabolomics were not covered by the downstream of the known transcriptomic profiles, suggesting new metabolic phenotypes. These results confirm previous transcriptomics understanding and expand the knowledge from existing models on correlation and co-regulation between transcriptomic and metabolomics profiles, which demonstrates the power of integrated omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1 Taipei 10051, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chueh Kuo
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Room 410 BL Building, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Chern Harn
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Wang
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Mei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, 11 F No. 1 Sec. 1, Ren-ai Rd., Taipei 10051, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1 Taipei 10051, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-H.K.); (Y.J.T.); Tel: +886-2-3366-4888 (Y.J.T.); Fax: +886-2-2362-8167 (Y.J.T.)
| | - Yufeng Jane Tseng
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1 Taipei 10051, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- The Metabolomics Group, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-C.K.); (T.-J.H.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Room 410 BL Building, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.-H.K.); (Y.J.T.); Tel: +886-2-3366-4888 (Y.J.T.); Fax: +886-2-2362-8167 (Y.J.T.)
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Zastre JA, Hanberry BS, Sweet RL, McGinnis AC, Venuti KR, Bartlett MG, Govindarajan R. Up-regulation of vitamin B1 homeostasis genes in breast cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1616-24. [PMID: 23642734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An increased carbon flux and exploitation of metabolic pathways for the rapid generation of biosynthetic precursors is a common phenotype observed in breast cancer. To support this metabolic phenotype, cancer cells adaptively regulate the expression of glycolytic enzymes and nutrient transporters. However, activity of several enzymes involved in glucose metabolism requires an adequate supply of cofactors. In particular, vitamin B1 (thiamine) is utilized as an essential cofactor for metabolic enzymes that intersect at critical junctions within the glycolytic network. Intracellular availability of thiamine is facilitated by the activity of thiamine transporters and thiamine pyrophosphokinase-1 (TPK-1). Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish if the cellular determinants regulating thiamine homeostasis differ between breast cancer and normal breast epithelia. Employing cDNA arrays of breast cancer and normal breast epithelial tissues, SLC19A2, SLC25A19 and TPK-1 were found to be significantly up-regulated. Similarly, up-regulation was also observed in breast cancer cell lines compared to human mammary epithelial cells. Thiamine transport assays and quantitation of intracellular thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate established a significantly greater extent of thiamine transport and free thiamine levels in breast cancer cell lines compared to human mammary epithelial cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate an adaptive response by breast cancer cells to increase cellular availability of thiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Preuss J, Richardson AD, Pinkerton A, Hedrick M, Sergienko E, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Bode L. Identification and characterization of novel human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2013; 18:286-97. [PMID: 23023104 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112462131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, converting glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone with parallel reduction of NADP(+). Several human diseases, including cancer, are associated with increased G6PD activity. To date, only a few G6PD inhibitors have been available. However, adverse side effects and high IC(50) values hamper their use as therapeutics and basic research probes. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify novel human G6PD (hG6PD) inhibitors. Screening the LOPAC (Sigma-Aldrich; 1280 compounds), Spectrum (Microsource Discovery System; 1969 compounds), and DIVERSet (ChemBridge; 49 971 compounds) small-molecule compound collections revealed 139 compounds that presented ≥50% hG6PD inhibition. Hit compounds were further included in a secondary and orthogonal assay in order to identify false-positives and to determine IC(50) values. The most potent hG6PD inhibitors presented IC(50) values of <4 µM. Compared with the known hG6PD inhibitors dehydroepiandrosterone and 6-aminonicotinamide, the inhibitors identified in this study were 100- to 1000-fold more potent and showed different mechanisms of enzyme inhibition. One of the newly identified hG6PD inhibitors reduced viability of the mammary carcinoma cell line MCF10-AT1 (IC(50) ~25 µM) more strongly than that of normal MCF10-A cells (IC(50) >50 µM).
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Filipp FV, Ratnikov B, De Ingeniis J, Smith JW, Osterman AL, Scott DA. Glutamine-fueled mitochondrial metabolism is decoupled from glycolysis in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:732-9. [PMID: 22846158 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we revise the historic notion that cancer is a disease of mitochondria. We summarize recent findings on the function and rewiring of central carbon metabolism in melanoma. Metabolic profiling studies using stable isotope tracers show that glycolysis is decoupled from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This decoupling is not 'dysfunction' but rather an alternate wiring required by tumor cells to remain metabolically versatile. In large part, this requirement is met by glutamine feeding the TCA cycle as an alternative source of carbon. Glutamine is also used in non-conventional ways, like traveling in reverse through the TCA flux to feed fatty acid biosynthesis. Biosynthetic networks linked with non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, arginine, and proline are also significantly impacted by the use of glutamine as an alternate carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian V Filipp
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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