1
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Valenzuela-Valderas KN, Farrashzadeh E, Chang YY, Shi Y, Raudonis R, Leung BM, Rohde JR, Enninga J, Cheng Z. RACK1 promotes Shigella flexneri actin-mediated invasion, motility, and cell-to-cell spreading. iScience 2023; 26:108216. [PMID: 37953961 PMCID: PMC10637933 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is an intracellular bacterium that hijacks the host actin cytoskeleton to invade and disseminate within the colonic epithelium. Shigella's virulence factors induce actin polymerization, leading to bacterial uptake, actin tail formation, actin-mediated motility, and cell-to-cell spreading. Many host factors involved in the Shigella-prompted actin rearrangements remain elusive. Here, we studied the role of a host protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and Shigella infection. We used time-lapse imaging to demonstrate that RACK1 facilitates Shigella-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling at multiple levels during infection of epithelial cells. Silencing RACK1 expression impaired Shigella-induced rapid polymerizing structures, reducing host cell invasion, bacterial motility, and cell-to-cell spreading. In uninfected cells, RACK1 silencing reduced jasplakinolide-mediated filamentous actin aggregate formation and negatively affected actin turnover in fast polymerizing structures, such as membrane ruffles. Our findings provide a role of RACK1 in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Farrashzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yuen-Yan Chang
- Unité Dynamique des interactions hôtes-pathogènes, Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR3691, Université de Paris-Cité, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Yunnuo Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brendan M. Leung
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - John R. Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jost Enninga
- Unité Dynamique des interactions hôtes-pathogènes, Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR3691, Université de Paris-Cité, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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2
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Sun Y, Li M, Geng J, Meng S, Tu R, Zhuang Y, Sun M, Rui M, Ou M, Xing G, Johnson TK, Xie W. Neuroligin 2 governs synaptic morphology and function through RACK1-cofilin signaling in Drosophila. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1056. [PMID: 37853189 PMCID: PMC10584876 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroligins are transmembrane cell adhesion proteins well-known for their genetic links to autism spectrum disorders. Neuroligins can function by regulating the actin cytoskeleton, however the factors and mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Here, using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction as a model, we reveal that F-Actin assembly at the Drosophila NMJ is controlled through Cofilin signaling mediated by an interaction between DNlg2 and RACK1, factors not previously known to work together. The deletion of DNlg2 displays disrupted RACK1-Cofilin signaling pathway with diminished actin cytoskeleton proteo-stasis at the terminal of the NMJ, aberrant NMJ structure, reduced synaptic transmission, and abnormal locomotion at the third-instar larval stage. Overexpression of wildtype and activated Cofilin in muscles are sufficient to rescue the morphological and physiological defects in dnlg2 mutants, while inactivated Cofilin is not. Since the DNlg2 paralog DNlg1 is known to regulate F-actin assembly mainly via a specific interaction with WAVE complex, our present work suggests that the orchestration of F-actin by Neuroligins is a diverse and complex process critical for neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Moyi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Junhua Geng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Sibie Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Renjun Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mengzhu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guangling Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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3
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The role of RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins as specific RNA translation regulators in cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166046. [PMID: 33383105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of mRNA expression is required for cell differentiation; imbalanced regulation may lead to developmental disorders and cancer. The activity of the translational machinery (including ribosomes and translation factors) regulates the rate (slow or fast) of translation of encoded proteins, and the quality of these proteins highly depends on which mRNAs are available for translation. Specific RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins seem to play a key role in controlling gene expression to determine the differentiation fate of the cell. This demonstrates the important role of RNA-binding proteins, specific ribosome-binding proteins and microRNAs as key molecules in controlling the specific proteins required for the differentiation or dedifferentiation of cells. This delicate balance between specific proteins (in terms of quality and availability) and post-translational modifications occurring in the cytoplasm is crucial for cell differentiation, dedifferentiation and oncogenic potential. In this review, we report how defects in the regulation of mRNA translation can be dependent on specific proteins and can induce an imbalance between differentiation and dedifferentiation in cell fate determination.
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4
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OXER1 and RACK1-associated pathway: a promising drug target for breast cancer progression. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:105. [PMID: 33311444 PMCID: PMC7732991 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a putative prognostic marker and drug target in breast cancer (BC). High RACK1 expression is negatively associated with overall survival, as it seems to promote BC progression. In tumors, RACK1 expression is controlled by a complex balance between glucocorticoids and androgens. Given the fact that androgens and androgenic derivatives can inhibit BC cell proliferation and migration, the role of androgen signaling in regulating RACK1 transcription in mammary tumors is of pivotal interest. Here, we provide evidence that nandrolone (19-nortosterone) inhibits BC cell proliferation and migration by antagonizing the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which eventually results in RACK1 downregulation. We also show that nandrolone impairs the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreases RACK1 expression via binding to the membrane-bound receptor, oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 (OXER1). High levels of OXER1 are observed in several BC cell lines and correlate with RACK1 expression and poor prognosis. Our data provide evidence on the role played by the OXER1-dependent intracellular pathway in BC progression and shed light on the mechanisms underlying membrane-dependent androgen effects on RACK1 regulation. Besides the mechanistic relevance, the results of the study are of interest from a translational prospective. In fact, they identify a new and actionable pathway to be used for the design of innovative and rational therapeutic strategies in the context of the personalized treatment of BC. In addition, they draw attention on nandrolone-based compounds that lack hormonal activity as potential anti-tumor agents.
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5
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Buoso E, Masi M, Racchi M, Corsini E. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals' (EDCs) Effects on Tumour Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Emerging Contribution of RACK1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239229. [PMID: 33287384 PMCID: PMC7729595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) can display estrogenic and androgenic effects, and their exposure has been linked to increased cancer risk. EDCs have been shown to directly affect cancer cell regulation and progression, but their influence on tumour microenvironment is still not completely elucidated. In this context, the signalling hub protein RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) could represent a nexus between cancer and the immune system due to its roles in cancer progression and innate immune activation. Since RACK1 is a relevant EDCs target that responds to steroid-active compounds, it could be considered a molecular bridge between the endocrine-regulated tumour microenvironment and the innate immune system. We provide an analysis of immunomodulatory and cancer-promoting effects of different EDCs in shaping tumour microenvironment, with a final focus on the scaffold protein RACK1 as a pivotal molecular player due to its dual role in immune and cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Classe di Scienze Umane e della Vita (SUV), Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche ed Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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6
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Buoso E, Masi M, Long A, Chiappini C, Travelli C, Govoni S, Racchi M. Ribosomes as a nexus between translation and cancer progression: Focus on ribosomal Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2813-2828. [PMID: 32726469 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes coordinate spatiotemporal control of gene expression, contributing to the acquisition and maintenance of cancer phenotype. The link between ribosomes and cancer is found in the roles of individual ribosomal proteins in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including the ribosomal protein, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). RACK1 regulates cancer cell invasion and is localized in spreading initiation centres, structural adhesion complexes containing RNA binding proteins and poly-adenylated mRNAs that suggest a local translation process. As RACK1 is a ribosomal protein directly involved in translation and in breast cancer progression, we propose a new molecular mechanism for breast cancer cell migration and invasion, which considers the molecular differences between epithelial and mesenchymal cell profiles in order to characterize and provide novel targets for therapeutic strategies. Hence, we provide an analysis on how ribosomes translate cancer progression with a final focus on the ribosomal protein RACK1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aideen Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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7
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Shen C, Hua H, Gu L, Cao S, Cai H, Yao X, Chen X. Overexpression of RACK1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:795-803. [PMID: 31949482 PMCID: PMC6959021 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer with limited treatment options, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of melanoma is still unclear till now. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a scaffolding protein that mediates multiple signaling pathways; it interconnects distinct signaling pathways to control essential cellular processes. RACK1 was reported as an oncogene in human tumorigenesis, but little is known about its role in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of RACK1 in patients with melanoma and to reveal its possible functions in melanoma cells. The expression profiles of RACK1 detected in tumor tissues from melanoma patients showed that RACK1 was higher in tumor tissues, and its expression level was well associated with the clinical progression of melanoma (TNM stage, P=0.009). Furthermore, RNA interfering (RNAi) knockdown of RACK1 could efficiently suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A875 cells and promote their apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 may be a poor prognostic factor in human melanoma, and it may be a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Lixiong Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hengji Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
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8
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Study on recognition of novel RACK1 protein inhibitors for small cell lung cancer outlined by pharmacophore based virtual screening and Molecular Docking. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Yang CW, Cao HH, Guo Y, Feng YM, Zhang N. Identification of Novel Breast Cancer Genes based on Gene Expression Profiles and PPI Data. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190126111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and a threat to female health all over the world. However, the molecular mechanism of breast cancer has not been fully discovered yet.Objective:It is crucial to identify breast cancer-related genes, which could provide new biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis as well as potential treatment targets.Methods:Here we used the minimum redundancy-maximum relevance (mRMR) method to select significant genes, then mapped the transcripts of the genes on the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and traced the shortest path between each pair of two proteins.Results:As a result, we identified 24 breast cancer-related genes whose betweenness were over 700. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that the transcription and oxygen level are very important in breast cancer. And the pathway analysis indicated that most of these 24 genes are enriched in prostate cancer, endocrine resistance, and pathways in cancer.Conclusion:We hope these 24 genes might be useful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wen Yang
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Huan Cao
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Feng
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of BME Measurement, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Greco S, Focaccia E, Orsini A, Benini S, Gambarotti M, Faenza I, Blalock WL. Expression of the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase PKR influences osteosarcoma attachment independent growth, migration, and invasion. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1103-1119. [PMID: 31240713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare, insidious tumor of mesenchymal origin that most often affects children, adolescents, and young adults. While the primary tumor can be controlled with chemotherapy and surgery, it is the lung metastases that are eventually fatal. Multiple studies into the initial drivers of OS development have been undertaken, but few of these have examined innate immune/inflammatory signaling. A central figure in inflammatory signaling is the innate immune/stress-activated kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). To characterize the role of PKR in OS, U2OS, and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines were stably transfected with wild-type or dominant-negative (DN) PKR. Overexpression of PKR enhanced colony formation in soft agar (U2OS and SaOS-2), enhanced cellular migration (U2OS), and invasive migration (SaOS-2). In contrast, overexpression of DN-PKR inhibited attachment-independent growth, migration and/or invasion. These data demonstrate a role for inflammatory signaling in OS formation and migration/invasion and suggest the status of PKR expression/activation may have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Piazzi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Orsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Faenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - William L Blalock
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza, UOS Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Zhu L, Chen W, Li G, Chen H, Liao W, Zhang L, Xiao X. Upregulated RACK1 attenuates gastric cancer cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4795-4805. [PMID: 31417279 PMCID: PMC6592218 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: As there have been few studies on the effects of the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) on gastric cancer (GC), we aimed to explore such effects and the mechanism that may be involved. Patients and methods: Normal gastric epithelial cells and six GC cell lines were used to detect the mRNA expression of RACK1. Overexpressing RACK1 was transfected in HGC27 and MGC803 cells. The effects of overexpressing RACK1 on cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting kit-8, wound scratch, and Transwell assay, respectively. The expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling related genes were detected using quantitative real-time PCR or Western blot. Wnt pathway agonist LiCl was added into RACK1 overexpressing GC cells, and then cell viability, migration, and invasion were also detected. Results: RACK1 was downregulated in GC cell lines. Under the circumstance that overexpressing RACK1 was successfully transfected in the two lowest RACK1-expressing GC cells, significant inhibition of cell viability, migration, and invasion, promotion to the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin, as well as a decrease in the N-cadherin and Snail expressions could be observed. Overexpressing RACK1 also enhanced the protein level of phosphorylation-β-catenin/β-catenin and attenuated c-Jun protein expression. Additionally, LiCl could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of cell viability, migration and invasion by overexpressing RACK. Conclusion: We found RACK1 possibly inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition of GC cells through limitation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby suppressing cell migration and invasion; RACK1 could also suppress cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiu Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fan Y, Si W, Ji W, Wang Z, Gao Z, Tian R, Song W, Zhang H, Niu R, Zhang F. Rack1 mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of Anxa2 by Src and promotes invasion and metastasis in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:66. [PMID: 31113450 PMCID: PMC6530024 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acquirement of resistance is always associated with a highly aggressive phenotype of tumor cells. Recent studies have revealed that Annexin A2 (Anxa2) is a key protein that links drug resistance and cancer metastasis. A high level of Anxa2 in cancer tissues is correlated to a highly aggressive phenotype. Increased Anxa2 expression appears to be specific in many drug-resistant cancer cells. The functional activity of Anxa2 is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation at the Tyr23 site. Nevertheless, the accurate molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Anxa2 tyrosine phosphorylation and whether phosphorylation is necessary for the enhanced invasive phenotype of drug-resistant cells remain unknown. Methods Small interfering RNAs, small molecule inhibitors, overexpression, loss of function or gain of function, rescue experiments, Western blot, wound healing assays, transwell assays, and in vivo metastasis mice models were used to investigate the functional effects of Rack1 and Src on the tyrosine phosphorylation of Anxa2 and the invasion and metastatic potential of drug-resistant breast cancer cells. The interaction among Rack1, Src, and Anxa2 in drug-resistant cells was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Results We demonstrated that Anxa2 Tyr23 phosphorylation is necessary for multidrug-resistant breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Rack1 is required for the invasive and metastatic potential of drug-resistant breast cancer cells through modulating Anxa2 phosphorylation. We provided evidence that Rack1 acts as a signal hub and mediates the interaction between Src and Anxa2, thereby facilitating Anxa2 phosphorylation by Src kinase. Conclusions Our findings suggest a convergence point role of Rack1/Src/Anxa2 complex in the crosstalk between drug resistance and cancer aggressiveness. The interaction between Anxa2 and Rack1/Src is responsible for the association between drug resistance and invasive/metastatic potential in breast cancer cells. Thus, our findings provide novel insights on the mechanism underlying the functional linkage between drug resistance and cancer aggressiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1147-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Fan
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weiyao Si
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zicong Gao
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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13
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Li XY, Hu Y, Li NS, Wan JH, Zhu Y, Lu NH. RACK1 Acts as a Potential Tumor Promoter in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:5625026. [PMID: 30962803 PMCID: PMC6431438 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5625026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) promotes the progression and invasion of several cancers. However, the role of RACK1 in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been clearly defined. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset were searched, and the expression of RACK1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC, adenoma, and normal tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC cell lines. Functional assays, such as BrdU, colony formation, and wound healing and transwell invasion assays, were used to explore the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. RESULTS RACK1 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with its expression in adjacent normal tissues in TCGA and the GEO dataset (P < 0.05). Moreover, RACK1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC and adenoma tissues compared with its expression in normal tissues (P < 0.05). Loss-of-function experiments showed that RACK1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that RACK1, as an oncogene, markedly promoted the progression of CRC, which suggested that RACK1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
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14
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Cortisol-induced SRSF3 expression promotes GR splicing, RACK1 expression and breast cancer cells migration. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:17-26. [PMID: 30862604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have demonstrated that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with high glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression are associated to therapy resistance and increased mortality. Given that GR alternative splicing generates mainly GRα, responsible of glucocorticoids action, we investigated its role in the regulation of RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1), a scaffolding protein with a GRE (Glucocorticoid Response Element) site on its promoter and involved in breast cancer cells migration and invasion. We provide the first evidence that GRα transcriptionally regulates RACK1 by a mechanism connected to SRSF3 splicing factor, which promotes GRα, essential for RACK1 transcriptional regulation and consequently for cells migration. We also establish that this mechanism can be positively regulated by cortisol. Hence, our data elucidate RACK1 transcriptional regulation and demonstrate that SRSF3 involvement in cells migration implies its role in controlling different pathways thus highlighting that new players have to be considered in GR-positive TNBC.
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15
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Romano N, Veronese M, Manfrini N, Zolla L, Ceci M. Ribosomal RACK1 promotes proliferation of neuroblastoma cells independently of global translation upregulation. Cell Signal 2019; 53:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Shi W, Jiang T, Nuciforo P, Hatzis C, Holmes E, Harbeck N, Sotiriou C, Peña L, Loi S, Rosa DD, Chia S, Wardley A, Ueno T, Rossari J, Eidtmann H, Armour A, Piccart-Gebhart M, Rimm DL, Baselga J, Pusztai L. Pathway level alterations rather than mutations in single genes predict response to HER2-targeted therapies in the neo-ALTTO trial. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:128-135. [PMID: 28177460 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We performed whole-exome sequencing of pretreatment biopsies and examined whether genome-wide metrics of overall mutational load, clonal heterogeneity or alterations at variant, gene, and pathway levels are associated with treatment response and survival. Patients and Methods Two hundred and three biopsies from the NeoALTTO trial were analyzed. Mutations were called with MuTect, and Strelka, using pooled normal DNA. Associations between DNA alterations and outcome were evaluated by logistic and Cox-proportional hazards regression. Results There were no recurrent single gene mutations significantly associated with pathologic complete response (pCR), except PIK3CA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, P = 0.0185]. Mutations in 33 of 714 pathways were significantly associated with response, but different genes were affected in different individuals. PIK3CA was present in 23 of these pathways defining a ‘trastuzumab resistance-network’ of 459 genes. Cases with mutations in this network had low pCR rates to trastuzumab (2/50, 4%) compared with cases with no mutations (9/16, 56%), OR = 0.035; P < 0.001. Mutations in the ‘Regulation of RhoA activity’ pathway were associated with higher pCR rate to lapatinib (OR = 14.8, adjusted P = 0.001), lapatinib + trastuzumab (OR = 3.0, adjusted P = 0.09), and all arms combined (OR = 3.77, adjusted P = 0.02). Patients (n = 124) with mutations in the trastuzumab resistance network but intact RhoA pathway had 2% (1/41) pCR rate with trastuzumab alone (OR = 0.026, P = 0.001) but adding lapatinib increased pCR rate to 45% (17/38, OR = 1.68, P = 0.3). Patients (n = 46) who had no mutations in either gene set had 6% pCR rate (1/15) with lapatinib, but had the highest pCR rate, 52% (8/15) with trastuzumab alone. Conclusions Mutations in the RhoA pathway are associated with pCR to lapatinib and mutations in a PIK3CA-related network are associated with resistance to trastuzumab. The combined mutation status of these two pathways could define patients with very low response rate to trastuzumab alone that can be augmented by adding lapatinib or substituting trastuzumab with lapatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale University, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - T Jiang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale University, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - P Nuciforo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hatzis
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale University, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - E Holmes
- Frontier Science, Inverness, Scotland
| | - N Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Munich, Germany
| | - C Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Peña
- Spanish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group SOLTI, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Loi
- Division of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - D D Rosa
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Wardley
- The Christie/NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - T Ueno
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Rossari
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - H Eidtmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Kiel, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - M Piccart-Gebhart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D L Rimm
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale University, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - J Baselga
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, USA
| | - L Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale University, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
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17
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Liu S, Liu J, Wang J, Cheng J, Zeng X, Ji N, Li J, Chen Q. RACK1 is an organ-specific prognostic predictor in OSCC. Oral Oncol 2017; 76:22-26. [PMID: 29290282 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to verify that RACK1 is an organ-specific prognostic predictor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The RACK1 expression level was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 342 OSCC patients from 3 independent cohorts. The multivariate hazard ratios for Overall Survival (OS) was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression model. OS was analyzed in 460 Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients from TCGA data set. The expression level of RACK1 was analyzed in 60 cases multiple organ tissue microarrays representing both normal and cancer tissues by IHC, and in TCGA database of mRNA abundance in cancers and paired normal tissues. RESULTS The median follow-up times of patients in the study was 74, 52, and 78 months. High expression of RACK1 was identified in tumors from 103 of 151 patients (68.2%), 51 of 83 patients (61.4%), and 59 of 108 patients (54.6%). Compared with low expression, high expression of RACK1 was strongly associated with worse OS, with HR of 0.5995 (95% CI, 0.3929 to 0.9147; P=0.0176), 0.4402 (95% CI, 0.2321 to 0.8348; P=0.0120), and 0.5010 (95% CI, 0.2886 to 0.8699; P=0.0141). This finding is consistent with TCGA HNSCC data (P=0.0276). Tissue microarrays analyses showed different protein expression level of RACK1 in multiple human carcinomas and this finding is consistent with the TCGA database analysis of RACK1 mRNA abundance. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that RACK1 is a good independent organ-specific predictor of the risk of death in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - JiaJia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Liu B, Wang C, Chen P, Wang L, Cheng Y. RACK1 promotes radiation resistance in esophageal cancer via regulating AKT pathway and Bcl-2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:622-628. [PMID: 28760343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RACK1 is a seven Trp-Asp 40 repeat protein, which interacts with a wide range of kinases and proteins. RACK1 plays an important role in the proliferation and progression of various cancers. The aim of this study is to detect the role of RACK1 in the radioresistance in esophageal cancer. The results indicated that downregulation of RACK1 reduced the colony formation ability, proliferation ability and resistance of cells to radiation effection through regulating the radiation-related proteins including pAKT, Bcl-2 and Bim; whereas upregulation of RACK1 promoted the ability and radioresistance of ESCC cells. Our findings suggest that RACK1 promotes proliferation and radioresistance in ESCC cells by activating the AKT pathway, upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating protein levels of Bim. Our study fills in gaps in the field of RACK1 and radiation resistance and may provide new possibilities for improving strategies of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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19
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Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030015. [PMID: 28686225 PMCID: PMC5620532 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The specimens were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most frequent and potentially aggressive type of mammary cancer, with the objective to increase the knowledge of breast cancer molecular markers potentially useful for clinical applications. The proteomic screening; by 2D-IPG and mass spectrometry; allowed us to identify two main classes of protein clusters: proteins expressed ubiquitously at high levels in all patients; and proteins expressed sporadically among the same patients. Within the group of ubiquitous proteins, glycolytic enzymes and proteins with anti-apoptotic activity were predominant. Among the sporadic ones, proteins involved in cell motility, molecular chaperones and proteins involved in the detoxification appeared prevalent. The data of the present study indicates that the primary tumor growth is reasonably supported by concurrent events: the inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of cellular proliferation, and the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes with multiple functions. The second phase of the evolution of the tumor can be prematurely scheduled by the occasional presence of proteins involved in cell motility and in the defenses of the oxidative stress. We suggest that this approach on large-scale 2D-IPG proteomics of breast cancer is currently a valid tool that offers the opportunity to evaluate on the same assay the presence and recurrence of individual proteins, their isoforms and short forms, to be proposed as prognostic indicators and susceptibility to metastasis in patients operated on for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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20
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Lee WK, Lee SY, Choi JE, Seok Y, Lee EB, Lee HC, Kang HG, Yoo SS, Lee MH, Cho S, Jheon S, Kim YC, Oh IJ, Na KJ, Jung CY, Park CK, Kim MH, Lee MK, Park JY. Development of a prognosis-prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage in stage I non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter study. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:251-259. [PMID: 28371058 PMCID: PMC5415483 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This multicenter study was performed to develop a prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage for surgically treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods A replication study including 720 patients and a panel of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which predicted the prognosis of surgically treated NSCLC in our previous study, was conducted. Using the combined cohort of current and previous studies including 1534 patients, a nomogram for predicting overall survival was made using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among the eight SNPs, C3 rs2287845, GNB2L1 (alias RACK1), and rs3756585 were significantly associated with overall survival. A nomogram was constructed based on pathologic stage and the genotypes of the two SNPs, and the risk score was calculated for each patient in the combined cohort. Using the prognosis‐prediction model, we categorized patients into low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups, which had greater accuracy in predictive ability (log‐rank statistics = 54.66) than the conventional tumor node metastasis staging (log‐rank statistics = 39.56). Next, we generated a prognosis‐prediction model for stage I to identify a subgroup of potential candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Notably, 97 out of 499 stage IB patients were classified as high‐risk patients with a similar prognosis to stage II patients, suggesting the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions This prognosis‐prediction model incorporating genetic polymorphism with pathologic stage may lead to more precise prognostication in surgically resected NSCLC patients. In particular, this model may be useful in selecting a subgroup of stage IB patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics Medical Research Collaboration Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital and Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yangki Seok
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - In Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Kook Joo Na
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Chi Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kwon Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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21
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Duff D, Long A. Roles for RACK1 in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Signal 2017; 35:250-255. [PMID: 28336233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissue and vasculature is an important initial step in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related death and thus it is crucial that we improve our understanding of the mechanisms that promote this life-threatening phenomenon. Cell migration involves a complex, multistep process that leads to the actin-driven movement of cells on or through the tissues of the body. The multifunctional scaffolding protein RACK1 plays important roles in nucleating cell signalling hubs, anchoring proteins at specific subcellular locations and regulating protein activity. It is essential for cell migration and accumulating evidence now demonstrates multiple roles for RACK1 in regulating migration and invasion of tumour cells. The possibility of designing drugs that block the migratory and invasive capabilities of cancer cells represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating malignant disease with RACK1 being a potential target. In this review we summarize this evidence and examine the mechanisms that underlie the contribution of RACK1 to the various stages of cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Duff
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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22
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Yang Y, Wu N, Wang Z, Zhang F, Tian R, Ji W, Ren X, Niu R. Rack1 Mediates the Interaction of P-Glycoprotein with Anxa2 and Regulates Migration and Invasion of Multidrug-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101718. [PMID: 27754360 PMCID: PMC5085749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance is always associated with more rapid tumor recurrence and metastasis. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a well-known multidrug-efflux transporter, confers enhanced invasion ability in drug-resistant cells. Previous studies have shown that P-gp probably exerts its tumor-promoting function via protein-protein interaction. These interactions were implicated in the activation of intracellular signal transduction. We previously showed that P-gp binds to Anxa2 and promotes the invasiveness of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer cells through regulation of Anxa2 phosphorylation. However, the accurate mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, a co-immunoprecipitation coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based interactomic approach was performed to screen P-gp binding proteins. We identified Rack1 as a novel P-gp binding protein. Knockdown of Rack1 significantly inhibited proliferation and invasion of MDR cancer cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Rack1 functioned as a scaffold protein that mediated the binding of P-gp to Anxa2 and Src. We showed that Rack1 regulated P-gp activity, which was necessary for adriamycin-induced P-gp-mediated phosphorylation of Anxa2 and Erk1/2. Overall, the findings in this study augment novel insights to the understanding of the mechanism employed by P-gp for promoting migration and invasion of MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Na Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Ran Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Aubert L, Guilbert M, Corbet C, Génot E, Adriaenssens E, Chassat T, Bertucci F, Daubon T, Magné N, Le Bourhis X, Toillon RA. NGF-induced TrkA/CD44 association is involved in tumor aggressiveness and resistance to lestaurtinib. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9807-19. [PMID: 25840418 PMCID: PMC4496399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that TrkA and its ligand Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) are involved in cancer development. Staurosporine derivatives such as K252a and lestaurtinib have been developed to block TrkA kinase signaling, but no clinical trial has fully demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy. Therapeutic failures are likely due to the existence of intrinsic signaling pathways in cancer cells that impede or bypass the effects of TrkA tyrosine kinase inhibitors. To verify this hypothesis, we combined different approaches including mass spectrometry proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. We found that NGF treatment induced CD44 binding to TrkA at the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of the p115RhoGEF/RhoA/ROCK1 pathway to stimulate breast cancer cell invasion. The NGF-induced CD44 signaling was independent of TrkA kinase activity. Moreover, both TrkA tyrosine kinase inhibition with lestaurtinib and CD44 silencing with siRNA inhibited cell growth in vitro as well as tumor development in mouse xenograft model; combined treatment significantly enhanced the antineoplastic effects of either treatment alone. Altogether, our results demonstrate that NGF-induced tyrosine kinase independent TrkA signaling through CD44 was sufficient to maintain tumor aggressiveness. Our findings provide an alternative mechanism of cancer resistance to lestaurtinib and indicate that dual inhibition of CD44 and TrkA tyrosine kinase activity may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Aubert
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Guilbert
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Corbet
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Eric Adriaenssens
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,CNRS UMR 8161, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Magné
- Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738 - Equipe 4, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, 69000 Lyon, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- INSERM U908, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,University Lille 1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,SIRIC OncoLille, 59000 Lille, France
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24
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Zhao T, Wang H, Ma H, Wang H, Chen B, Deng Y. Starvation after Cobalt-60 γ-Ray Radiation Enhances Metastasis in U251 Glioma Cells by Regulating the Transcription Factor SP1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:386. [PMID: 27058528 PMCID: PMC4848883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is of clinical importance during glioma therapy; however, vasculature damage is observed over the treatment course. This type of tissue damage might lead to starvation conditions, affecting tumor metastasis. To test this possibility, we compared starvation conditions in conjunction with radiation treatment to monitor metastatic ability in the U251 glioma cell line. Transcriptome, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to measure the RNA and protein expression changes of the U251 cells after various treatments. We found that starvation combined with radiation treatment yielded the most significant expression changes in metastasis-related factors compared to that in the control groups. In addition, a metastasis assay was used to directly measure the metastatic ability of the treated cells, which confirmed that the U251 cells treated with starvation combined with radiation possessed the highest metastatic ability. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that SP1 represented a common transcription factor associated with changes in metastasis-related factors. Blocking SP1 activity by an inhibitor suppressed the starvation-plus-radiation treatment-mediated enhancement of U251 cell metastasis. Our study provides the first evidence that starvation caused by radiation might play a significant role in enhancing the ability of the glioma cell line U251 to metastasize via regulation of the transcription factor SP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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25
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Wei L, Surma M, Shi S, Lambert-Cheatham N, Shi J. Novel Insights into the Roles of Rho Kinase in Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:259-78. [PMID: 26725045 PMCID: PMC4930737 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. The ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Since the discovery of effective inhibitors such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored in numerous diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that ROCK plays important roles in tumor development and progression through regulating many key cellular functions associated with malignancy, including tumorigenicity, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis/survival and chemoresistance as well. This review focuses on the new advances of the most recent 5 years from the studies on the roles of ROCK in cancer development and progression; the discussion is mainly focused on the potential value of ROCK inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Michelle Surma
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Stephanie Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Nathan Lambert-Cheatham
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Jianjian Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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26
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Choi YY, Lee SY, Lee WK, Jeon HS, Lee EB, Lee HC, Choi JE, Kang HG, Lee EJ, Bae EY, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kim IS, Lee MH, Kim YT, Jheon S, Park JY. RACK1 is a candidate gene associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4451-66. [PMID: 25686824 PMCID: PMC4414203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage NSCLC. Materials and Methods We genotyped 1,969 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 1,151 genes involved in carcinogenesis in 166 NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery, using the Affymetrix custom-made GeneChip. A replication study was performed in an independent cohort of 626 patients. Results Fifty six SNPs which were associated with both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with log-rank P values < 0.05 in discovery set were selected for validation. Among those, five SNPs (RACK1 rs1279736C>A and rs3756585T>G, C3 rs2287845T>C, PCAF rs17006625A>G, and PCM1 rs17691523C>G) were found to be significantly associated with survival in the same direction as the discovery set. In combined analysis, the rs1279736C>A and rs3756585T>G were most significantly associated with OS and DFS in multivariate analysis (P for OS = 4 × 10−5 and 7 × 10−5, respectively; and P for DFS = 0.003, both; under codominant model). In vitro promoter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the rs3756585 T-to-G change increased promoter activity and transcription factor binding of RACK1. Conclusions We identified five SNPs, especially RACK1 rs3756585T>G, as markers for prognosis of patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Young Choi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Bae
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Lee
- Diagnosis and Prediction Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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27
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A Panel of Genetic Polymorphism for the Prediction of Prognosis in Patients with Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Surgical Resection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140216. [PMID: 26462029 PMCID: PMC4603900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate whether a panel of eight genetic polymorphisms can predict the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgical resection. Materials and Methods We selected eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which have been associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients after surgery in our previous studies. A total of 814 patients with early stage NSCLC who underwent curative surgical resection were enrolled. The association of the eight SNPs with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. Results The eight SNPs (CD3EAP rs967591, TNFRSF10B rs1047266, AKT1 rs3803300, C3 rs2287845, HOMER2 rs1256428, GNB2L1 rs3756585, ADAMTSL3 rs11259927, and CD3D rs3181259) were significantly associated with OS and/or DFS. Combining those eight SNPs, we designed a prognostic index to predict the prognosis of patients. According to relative risk of death, a score value was assigned to each genotype of the SNPs. A worse prognosis corresponded to a higher score value, and the sum of score values of eight SNPs defined the prognostic index of a patient. When we categorized the patients into two groups based on the prognostic index, high risk group was significantly associated with worse OS and DFS compared to low risk group (aHR for OS = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.69–2.88, P = 8.0 x 10−9, and aHR for DFS = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.29–1.94, P = 1.0 x 10−5). Conclusions Prognostic index using eight genetic polymorphisms may be useful for the prognostication of patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
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28
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Womeldorff M, Gillespie D, Jensen RL. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and associated upstream and downstream proteins in the pathophysiology and management of glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E8. [PMID: 25581937 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an exceptionally poor patient outcome despite aggressive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This aggressive phenotype may be associated with intratumoral hypoxia, which probably plays a key role in GBM tumor growth, development, and angiogenesis. A key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia is the protein hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1). An examination of upstream hypoxic and nonhypoxic regulation of HIF-1 as well as a review of the downstream HIF-1– regulated proteins may provide further insight into the role of this transcription factor in GBM pathophysiology. Recent insights into upstream regulators that intimately interact with HIF-1 could provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this tumor. The same is potentially true for HIF-1–mediated pathways of glycolysis-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-promoting proteins. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between HIF-1, its upstream protein regulators, and its downstream transcribed genes in GBM pathogenesis could provide future treatment options for the care of patients with these tumors.
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29
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de Las Heras-Rubio A, Perucho L, Paciucci R, Vilardell J, LLeonart ME. Ribosomal proteins as novel players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:115-41. [PMID: 24375388 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is the most demanding energetic and metabolic expenditure of the cell. The nucleolus, a nuclear compartment, coordinates rRNA transcription, maturation, and assembly into ribosome subunits. The transcription process is highly coordinated with ribosome biogenesis. In this context, ribosomal proteins (RPs) play a crucial role. In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have associated RPs with extraribosomal functions related to proliferation. Importantly, the expression of RPs appears to be deregulated in several human disorders due, at least in part, to genetic mutations. Although the deregulation of RPs in human malignancies is commonly observed, a more complex mechanism is believed to be involved, favoring the tumorigenic process, its progression and metastasis. This review explores the roles of the most frequently mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human cancer that modulate ribosome biogenesis, including their interaction with RPs. In this regard, we propose a new focus for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Las Heras-Rubio
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Dopie J, Rajakylä EK, Joensuu MS, Huet G, Ferrantelli E, Xie T, Jäälinoja H, Jokitalo E, Vartiainen MK. Genome-wide RNAi screen for nuclear actin reveals a network of cofilin regulators. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2388-400. [PMID: 26021350 PMCID: PMC4510847 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin plays an important role in many processes that regulate gene expression. Cytoplasmic actin dynamics are tightly controlled by numerous actin-binding proteins, but regulation of nuclear actin has remained unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins that influence either nuclear polymerization or import of actin. We validate 19 factors as specific hits, and show that Chinmo (known as Bach2 in mammals), SNF4Aγ (Prkag1 in mammals) and Rab18 play a role in nuclear localization of actin in both fly and mammalian cells. We identify several new regulators of cofilin activity, and characterize modulators of both cofilin kinases and phosphatase. For example, Chinmo/Bach2, which regulates nuclear actin levels also in vivo, maintains active cofilin by repressing the expression of the kinase Cdi (Tesk in mammals). Finally, we show that Nup98 and lamin are candidates for regulating nuclear actin polymerization. Our screen therefore reveals new aspects of actin regulation and links nuclear actin to many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dopie
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva K Rajakylä
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja S Joensuu
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guillaume Huet
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evelina Ferrantelli
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiao Xie
- Image and Data Analysis Core (IDAC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harri Jäälinoja
- Light Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria K Vartiainen
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Wang N, Liu F, Cao F, Jia Y, Wang J, Ma W, Tan B, Wang K, Song Q, Cheng Y. RACK1 predicts poor prognosis and regulates progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through its epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:528-40. [PMID: 25719728 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1016687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RACK1 is known to be involved in tumor progression, and its prognostic value on many kinds of tumors has been identified. However, there are limited studies about the functional role of RACK1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS RACK1 expression was examined in 100 ESCC tissue samples using immunohistochemistry staining. RACK1 was knocked-down in ESCC cell lines by shRNA. The effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were examined in ESCC cell lines and nude mouse model. Vimentin and E-cadherin were introduced to further study the association between RACK1 and EMT. RESULTS RACK1 expression was significantly associated with the tumor length (P = 0.012), diameter<3 cm (P = 0.047), T stage (P = 0.032), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.038), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox analyses revealed RACK1 expression was an independent predictor for OS (P = 0.030) and DFS (P = 0.027) in ESCC. Down-regulation of RACK1 inhibited cell proliferation, along with invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. A significant positive correlation between RACK1 expression and vimentin (P = 0.0190) and an inverse correlation between RACK1 expression and E-cadherin (P = 0.0047) were found. CONCLUSIONS RACK1 predicted poor prognosis in ESCC, promoted tumor progression, and was involved in EMT of ESCC.
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Key Words
- C, chemotherapy
- CRT, chemoradiotherapy
- DFS, disease-free survival
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- F, female
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- M, male
- OS, overall survival
- R, radiotherapy
- RACK1
- RACK1, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- prognosis
- progression
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University ; Jinan , PR China
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32
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Gandin V, Senft D, Topisirovic I, Ronai ZA. RACK1 Function in Cell Motility and Protein Synthesis. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:369-77. [PMID: 24349634 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913486348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) serves as an adaptor for a number of proteins along the MAPK, protein kinase C, and Src signaling pathways. The abundance and near ubiquitous expression of RACK1 reflect its role in coordinating signaling molecules for many critical biological processes, from mRNA translation to cell motility to cell survival and death. Complete deficiency of Rack1 is embryonic lethal, but the recent development of genetic Rack1 hypomorphic mice has highlighted the central role that RACK1 plays in cell movement and protein synthesis. This review focuses on the importance of RACK1 in these processes and places the recent work in the larger context of understanding RACK1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gandin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Senft
- Signal Transduction Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Signal Transduction Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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33
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RACK1, a versatile hub in cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:1890-8. [PMID: 24882575 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RACK1 is a highly conserved intracellular adaptor protein with significant homology to Gβ and was originally identified as the anchoring protein for activated protein kinase C. In the past 20 years, the number of binding partners and validated cellular functions for RACK1 has increased, which facilitates clarification of its involvement in different biological events. In this review, we will focus on its role in cancer, summarizing its aberrant expression, pro- or anti-oncogenic effects and the underlying mechanisms in various cancers.
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Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a major health problem, accounting for 12 % of the global death rate. A large proportion of patients treated for high blood pressure do not reach target blood pressure values. The question arises if new antihypertensive drugs could improve present hypertension treatment. Rho-kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases and involved in a variety of cell functions. They contribute to the pathogenesis of human and experimental hypertension. Pharmacological ROCK inhibition has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure in patients and experimental animals. Progress has been made towards the understanding on how non-selective ROCK inhibitors lower arterial pressure and efforts are currently undertaken to develop ROCK inhibitors to improve their specificity and isoenzyme selectivity. If introduction of ROCK inhibitors for the treatment of high blood pressure can significantly advance currently available options of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy awaits further experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Grisk
- Department of Physiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswalder Str. 11c, 17495, Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany,
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PENG RENJUN, JIANG BING, MA JIANRONG, MA ZHIMING, WAN XIN, LIU HONGWEI, CHEN ZIGUI, CHENG QUAN, CHEN RUI. Forced downregulation of RACK1 inhibits glioma development by suppressing Src/Akt signaling activity. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2195-202. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu J, Meng J, Du Y, Huang Y, Jin Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhang Y, Sun M, Tang J. RACK1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in vitro probably by PI3K/Rac1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:313-9. [PMID: 23582786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hca-P and Hca-F is a pair of synogenetic mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell lines, possessing different capacity of lymphatic metastasis. Receptor of activated C-kinase 1 (Rack1), together with Jnk1 and gelsolin (Gsn) were previously identified as differentially expressed proteins for lymphatic metastatic potential between the two cell lines. As an intracellular scaffold protein, Rack1 could recruit such signaling molecules as integrins, Src, PKC which are involved in many important biological processes and play key roles in cancer progression. In our present studies, pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1, a eukaryotic expression plasmid, was constructed and stably transfected into Hca-P cells with a low metastatic potential. CCK8 assay and transwell system were used to evaluate the effects of Rack1 on proliferation, migration and invasion of Hca-P cells in vitro. Then, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, was added into the culture medium of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells and their biological behaviors observed further. Moreover, the expression of Jnk1, Rac1 and Gsn of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells were detected by western blot after pretreated with various doses of LY294002. As a result, the proliferation, migration and invasion of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells were significantly enhanced and could be inhibited by LY294002. In addition, the expression of Gsn, Rac1 and Jnk1 of pCDNA3.1(+)-Rack1-Hca-P cells also decreased after pretreated with LY294002. The expression of Gsn can be inhibited by NSC33766 (an inhibitor of Rac1). Taken together, Rack1/PI3K/Rac1 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in malignant biological behaviors of mouse hepatocarcinoma cells with lymphatic metastasis potential. It may be a potential target for therapy of cancer lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
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Muller M, Demeret C. The HPV E2-Host Protein-Protein Interactions: A Complex Hijacking of the Cellular Network. Open Virol J 2012; 6:173-89. [PMID: 23341853 PMCID: PMC3547520 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 100 genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been identified as being responsible for unapparent infections or for lesions ranging from benign skin or genital warts to cancer. The pathogenesis of HPV results from complex relationships between viral and host factors, driven in particular by the interplay between the host proteome and the early viral proteins. The E2 protein regulates the transcription, the replication as well as the mitotic segregation of the viral genome through the recruitment of host cell factors to the HPV regulatory region. It is thereby a pivotal factor for the productive viral life cycle and for viral persistence, a major risk factor for cancer development. In addition, the E2 proteins have been shown to engage numerous interactions through which they play important roles in modulating the host cell. Such E2 activities are probably contributing to create cell conditions appropriate for the successive stages of the viral life cycle, and some of these activities have been demonstrated only for the oncogenic high-risk HPV. The recent mapping of E2-host protein-protein interactions with 12 genotypes representative of HPV diversity has shed some light on the large complexity of the host cell hijacking and on its diversity according to viral genotypes. This article reviews the functions of E2 as they emerge from the E2/host proteome interplay, taking into account the large-scale comparative interactomic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Muller
- Unité de Génétique, Papillomavirus et Cancer Humain (GPCH), Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France ; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris cite, Cellule Pasteur, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Lacombe J, Mangé A, Jarlier M, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Rouanet P, Lamy PJ, Maudelonde T, Solassol J. Identification and validation of new autoantibodies for the diagnosis of DCIS and node negative early-stage breast cancers. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1105-13. [PMID: 22886747 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of circulating autoantibodies in cancer patient sera has created opportunities for exploiting them as biomarkers. We report the identification and the clinical validation of an autoantibody panel in newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer. Proteomic approach and serological screening of a discovery set of sera (n = 80) were performed to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Autoantibody levels were then measured in an independent validation set (n = 182) against a panel of five TAAs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-seven antigens that elicited a specific humoral response in breast cancer were identified and five antigens (GAL3, PAK2, PHB2, RACK1 and RUVBL1) were selected for validation. GAL3 and RACK1 showed significantly increased reactivity in early-stage breast cancer. When combined, the five markers significantly discriminated early-stage cancer from healthy individuals (AUC = 0.81; 95% CI [0.74-0.86]). Interestingly, this value was high in both node-negative early-stage primary breast cancer (AUC = 0.81; 95% CI [0.72-0.88]) and ductal carcinoma in situ (AUC = 0.85; 95% CI [0.76-0.95]) populations. This autoantibody panel could be useful as a diagnostic tool in a screening strategy of early-stage invasive breast cancer and preinvasive breast cancer. It could be particularly appropriate in complement to mammography for women with high breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lacombe
- Department of Cellular Biology, CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
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Eswaran J, Cyanam D, Mudvari P, Reddy SDN, Pakala SB, Nair SS, Florea L, Fuqua SAW, Godbole S, Kumar R. Transcriptomic landscape of breast cancers through mRNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2012; 2:264. [PMID: 22355776 PMCID: PMC3278922 DOI: 10.1038/srep00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a poorly defined genetic landscape, which poses a major challenge in diagnosis and treatment. By massively parallel mRNA sequencing, we obtained 1.2 billion reads from 17 individual human tissues belonging to TNBC, Non-TNBC, and HER2-positive breast cancers and defined their comprehensive digital transcriptome for the first time. Surprisingly, we identified a high number of novel and unannotated transcripts, revealing the global breast cancer transcriptomic adaptations. Comparative transcriptomic analyses elucidated differentially expressed transcripts between the three breast cancer groups, identifying several new modulators of breast cancer. Our study also identified common transcriptional regulatory elements, such as highly abundant primary transcripts, including osteonectin, RACK1, calnexin, calreticulin, FTL, and B2M, and "genomic hotspots" enriched in primary transcripts between the three groups. Thus, our study opens previously unexplored niches that could enable a better understanding of the disease and the development of potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyanthy Eswaran
- McCormick Genomic and Proteomics Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Response to ‘Evidence for a pro-apoptotic function of RACK1 in human breast cancer’. Oncogene 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chiba Y, Tanabe M, Sakai H, Kimura S, Misawa M. A functional interaction between CPI-17 and RACK1 proteins in bronchial smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:487-90. [PMID: 20875397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin light chain. Using yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) as a novel interaction partner of CPI-17. The direct interaction and co-localization of CPI-17 with RACK1 were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy analysis, respectively. An in vitro assay system using recombinant/purified proteins revealed that the PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CPI-17 was augmented in the presence of RACK1. These results suggest that RACK1 may play a role in PKC/CPI-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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