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Cui M, Dong H, Duan W, Wang X, Liu Y, Shi L, Zhang B. The relationship between cancer associated fibroblasts biomarkers and prognosis of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16958. [PMID: 38410801 PMCID: PMC10896086 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To elucidate the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs) biomarkers and the prognosis of breast cancer patients for individualized CAFs-targeting treatment. Methodology PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for CAFs-related studies of breast cancer patients from their inception to September, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.2.2 software. Sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Results Twenty-seven studies including 6,830 patients were selected. Univariate analysis showed that high expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) (P = 0.0055), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (P < 0.0001), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 (P < 0.0001), MMP 11 (P < 0.0001) and MMP 13 (P = 0.0009) in CAFs were correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS)/event-free survival (EFS) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (P = 0.0002), podoplanin (PDPN) (P = 0.0008), and PDGFR-β (P = 0.0470) in CAFs was associated with reduced RFS/DFS/MFS/EFS respectively. Furthermore, PDPN and PDGFR-β expression in CAFs of poorly differentiated breast cancer patients were higher than that of patients with relatively better differentiated breast cancer. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the expression of PDPN and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Conclusions The high expression of α-SMA, PDPN, PDGFR-β in CAFs leads to worse clinical outcomes in breast cancer, indicating their roles as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Cui
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wanli Duan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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2
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Dukhanina EA, Portseva TN, Dukhanin AS, Georgieva SG. Triple-negative and triple-positive breast cancer cells reciprocally control their growth and migration via the S100A4 pathway. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:65-71. [PMID: 35546077 PMCID: PMC9116394 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2072554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's aim was to investigate the S100A4-mediated mechanisms of the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and migration in the human triple-positive breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 (TPBC) and triple-negative breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 (TNBC). The proliferative activity of TNBC more than doubled during the incubation in the conditioned medium of TPBC. Extracellular S100A4 dose-dependently decreased the proliferative response of TPBC. TPBC negatively impacted the growth of TNBCs during their co-culturing. TPBC significantly decreased the migration activity of the TNBC cells while the S100A4 intracellular level in the TNBC was also decreasing. The decrease in the S100A4 intracellular level occurred due to the protein's monomeric form while the contribution of the dimeric form into the overall S100A4 concentration in TNBC cells increased 1.5-2-fold. The S100A4 pathway in the intercellular communication between TNBC and TPBCs also included the dexamethasone-sensitive mechanisms of S100A4 intra- and extracellular pools regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Dukhanina
- Department of Transcription Factors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Portseva
- Department of Transcription Factors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Dukhanin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Radiology Department, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia G Georgieva
- Department of Transcription Factors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Adachi T, Zhao W, Minami K, Yokoyama Y, Okuzaki D, Kondo R, Takahashi Y, Tamari K, Seo Y, Isohashi F, Yamamoto H, Koizumi M, Ogawa K. Chk1 suppression leads to a reduction in the enhanced radiation-induced invasive capability on breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:764-772. [PMID: 34124754 PMCID: PMC8438270 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is generally effective for treating breast cancers. However, approximately 30% of patients with breast cancer experience occasional post-treatment local and distant metastasis. Low-dose (0.5 Gy) irradiation is a risk factor that promotes the invasiveness of breast cancers. Although an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) suppresses the growth and motility of breast cancer cell lines, no study has investigated the effects of the combined use of a Chk1 inhibitor and radiation on cancer metastasis. Here, we addressed this question by treating the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (in vitro) and mouse mammary tumor cell line 4 T1 (in vitro and in vivo) with γ-irradiation and the Chk1 inhibitor PD407824. Low-dose γ-irradiation promoted invasiveness, which was suppressed by PD407824. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that low-dose γ-irradiation upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of S100A4, the both of which were downregulated by PD407824. We conclude that PD407824 suppresses the expression of S100A4. As the result, γ-irradiation-induced cell invasiveness were inhibited.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Carbazoles/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Female
- Gamma Rays/adverse effects
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/biosynthesis
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/genetics
- Wound Healing/drug effects
- Wound Healing/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazumasa Minami
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Tel: +81-6-6879-3482; Fax: +81-6-6879-3489; E-mail:
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rika Kondo
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koizumi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Giorello MB, Borzone FR, Labovsky V, Piccioni FV, Chasseing NA. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:135-155. [PMID: 33398516 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of investigation have shed light on a theory in which breast tumor epithelial cells are under the effect of the stromal microenvironment. This review aims to discuss recent findings concerning the phenotypic and functional characteristics of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their involvement in tumor evolution, as well as their potential implications for anti-cancer therapy. In this manuscript, we reviewed that CAFs play a fundamental role in initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer, and also serve as biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vivian Labovsky
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Valeria Piccioni
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos (IBYME) y Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Santolla MF, Talia M, Maggiolini M. S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094720. [PMID: 33946884 PMCID: PMC8124532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype characterized by poor clinical outcome. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made to better understand the biological landscape of TNBC, though appropriate targets still remain to be determined. In the present study, we have determined that the expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 are higher in TNBC with respect to non-TNBC patients when analyzing “The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) dataset. In addition, we have found that the gene expression of FGF2 is positively correlated with S100A4 in TNBC samples. Performing quantitative PCR, Western blot, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, promoter studies, immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation studies, and ChIP assays, we have also demonstrated that FGF2 induces in TNBC cells the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 via FGFR1, along with the ERK1/2–AKT–c-Rel transduction signaling. Using conditioned medium from TNBC cells stimulated with FGF2, we have also ascertained that the paracrine activation of the S100A4/RAGE pathway triggers angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the action of the FGF2/FGFR1 axis through S100A4 toward stimulatory effects elicited in TNBC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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6
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Zhang Y, Li W, Lin Z, Hu J, Wang J, Ren Y, Wei B, Fan Y, Yang Y. The Long Noncoding RNA Linc01833 Enhances Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression via MiR-519e-3p/S100A4 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11157-11167. [PMID: 33173348 PMCID: PMC7648568 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s279623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer (LC) is among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates. Mounting evidence has suggested that the abnormally expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in lung cancer tissues may play vital roles in tumor progression. In the present research, we aimed to examine the functions and underlying mechanism of linc01833 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods qRT-PCR was employed to determine transfection efficiency. CCK-8, transwell invasion assay, Western blotting analysis and qRT-PCR were used to detect proliferation as well as migration of different LUAD cell lines, and were also applied to determine the changes during epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Afterwards, bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assay were utilized to explore and to identify the potential corresponding targets of linc01833 and miR-519e-3p. Results Linc01833 OE can significantly improve proliferation as well as invasion ability of LC cells and promote the EMT process. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that linc01833 could directly bind to miR-519e-3p, thereby inhibiting its expression. Further experiments showed that S100A4 was a direct target of miR-519e-3p. Rescue assay demonstrated that linc01833 acted on the miR-519e-3p/S100A4 axis. Conclusion We verified the mechanism of linc01833 in promoting infiltration and metastasis in LUAD. To be specific, linc01833 can function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to adsorb miR-519e-3p through a sponge and regulate S100A4 in lung cancer, thereby being involved in LUAD progression. Collectively, our research provides new insights towards the in-depth understanding of LC progression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingpu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - BoChong Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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7
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Katoh D, Kozuka Y, Noro A, Ogawa T, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C Induces Phenotypic Changes in Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts with High Contractility through the Integrin αvβ1/Transforming Growth Factor β/SMAD Signaling Axis in Human Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2123-2135. [PMID: 32650003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is strongly expressed by fibroblasts and cancer cells in breast cancer. To assess the effects of TNC on stromal formation, we examined phenotypic changes in human mammary fibroblasts treated with TNC. The addition of TNC significantly up-regulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin. TNC increased the number of α-SMA- and/or calponin-positive cells with well-developed stress fibers in immunofluorescence, which enhanced contractile ability in collagen gel contraction. The treatment with TNC also significantly up-regulated its own synthesis. Double immunofluorescence of human breast cancer tissues showed α-SMA- and/or calponin-positive myofibroblasts in the TNC-deposited stroma. Among several receptors for TNC, the protein levels of the αv and β1 integrin subunits were significantly increased after the treatment. Immunofluorescence showed the augmented colocalization of αv and β1 at focal adhesions. Immunoprecipitation using an anti-αv antibody revealed a significant increase in coprecipitated β1 with TNC in lysates. The knockdown of αv and β1 suppressed the up-regulation of α-SMA and calponin. The addition of TNC induced the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, whereas SB-505124 and SIS3 blocked myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, TNC enhances its own synthesis by forming a positive feedback loop and increases integrin αvβ1 heterodimer levels to activate transforming growth factor-β signaling, which is followed by a change to highly contractile myofibroblasts. TNC may essentially contribute to the stiffer stromal formation characteristic of breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Katoh
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Kozuka
- Department of Pathologic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Aya Noro
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
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8
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Effect of shRNA-mediated regulation of S100A4 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:148-154. [PMID: 32472453 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of shRNA-regulated S100A4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis in KLE endometrial cancer cells. METHODS S100A4-OVER and S100A4-shRNA were transfected into KLE endometrial cancer cells using lentiviral sh-RNA technology. Passive OVER-NC cell line and shRNA-NC cell line were used as a negative control group and non-transfected Control cell line as a blank control group. After 48 h of transfection, the expressions of S100A4 and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 detection and flow cytometer were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group and the negative control group, the transfection efficiency and shRNA targeting of the shRNA-interfered S100A4 gene were verified at the levels of mRNA and protein expression. The expression of the disrupted S100A4 gene at S100A4 mRNA and protein levels in endometrial cancer cells was determined. The proliferation efficiency of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group was significantly higher than that in other four groups; the proliferation rate of S100A4-shRNA cells decreased slightly;, the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-shRNA group increased significantly, and the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group decreased compared with NC group. CONCLUSION Specific regulation of S100A4 gene expression:, the enhanced expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells; the inhibited expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. S100A4 expression is closely related to the biological characteristics of endometrial cancer.
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9
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Xu J, Gross N, Zang Y, Cao S, Yang F, Yang Z, Yu W, Lei D, Pan X. Overexpression of S100A4 Predicts Migration, Invasion, and Poor Prognosis of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:407-417. [PMID: 30868407 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is among the most lethal tumors encountered in the head and neck and frequently involves regional metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying the aggressiveness of HSCC remains elusive. S100A4 is a well-established metastasis-promoting regulator in a variety of malignancies, but its role in HSCC has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to explore the expression levels of S100A4 in HSCC tumors and its association with clinicopathological parameters and the clinical prognosis of HSCC and to confirm its role in the metastatic process of the HSCC FaDu cell line in vitro. METHODS We assessed the expression levels of S100A4 with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HSCC tumors (n = 71) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 44). In vitro experiments were performed to explore the impact of S100A4 knockdown on biological phenotypes of human HSCC FaDu cell line, including migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. RESULTS The expression of S100A4 was elevated in HSCC tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues and positively correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis in this HSCC patient cohort. In vitro experiments showed that S100A4 knockdown significantly impaired migration and invasion and increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase with no change in proliferation or apoptosis in FaDu cells. Additionally, nuclear S100A4 expression proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in patients with HSCC. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that S100A4 expression is upregulated in HSCC tumors and that this upregulation is positively correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis of this malignancy. The metastasis-promoting role of S100A4 was further validated in the HSCC FaDu cell line, indicating that S100A4 is a potential therapeutic target for HSCC. Furthermore, this study suggests that nuclear S100A4 expression could be considered a prognostic biomarker for HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Urology,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Dapeng Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Yang C, Zhao Y, Chi Q, Wang Z, Sun B. Overexpressed methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) increased chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to cisplatin by regulating miR-149-3p/S100A4/p53 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12328-12344. [PMID: 31866582 PMCID: PMC6949057 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) mediated 7-methylguanosine (m7G) is crucial for the regulation of chemoresistance in cancer treatment. However, the role of METTL1 in regulating chemoresistance of colon cancer (CC) cells to cisplatin is still unclear. This study established the cisplatin-resistant CC (CR-CC) cells and found that METTL1 was low-expressed in CR-CC cells compared to their paired cisplatin-sensitive CC (CS-CC) cells. Besides, overexpressed METTL1 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on CR-CC cells. In addition, miR-149-3p was the downstream target of METTL1, which could be positively regulated by METTL1. Further results validated that miR-149-3p was low-expressed in CR-CC cells comparing to the CS-CC cells. In addition, the promoting effects of overexpressed METTL1 on cisplatin induced CR-CC cell death were abrogated by synergistically knocking down miR-149-3p. Furthermore, S100A4/p53 axis was the downstream target of METTL1 and miR-149-3p, and either overexpressed METTL1 or miR-149-3p increased p53 protein levels in CR-CC cells, which were reversed by upregulating S100A4. Similarly, the promoting effects of overexpressed METTL1 on cisplatin-induced CR-CC cell death were abrogated by overexpressing S100A4. Taken together, overexpression of METTL1 sensitized CR-CC cells to cisplatin by modulating miR-149-3p/S100A4/p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
| | - Qiang Chi
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilong Jiang, China
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11
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Targeting AXL and RAGE to prevent geminin overexpression-induced triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19150. [PMID: 31844158 PMCID: PMC6915698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of metastatic precursors from primaries is the primary reason for patient death. Dissemination encompasses tumor cells invasion of stroma, followed by intravasation through the endothelium barrier into the bloodstream. Here, we describe how geminin-overexpressing tumor cells acquire dissemination ability. Acetylated HMGB1 (Ac-HMGB1) secreted by geminin-overexpressing cells activates RAGE and CXCR4 expression on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in tumor stroma. Through secreting CXCL12, geminin-overexpressing cells recruit these CXCR4+-MSCs into the tumor. Within the tumor, MSCs differentiate into S100A4-secreting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). S100A4, in a reciprocal manner, activates geminin-overexpressing cells to secrete CCL2 that recruits M0-macrophages from the stroma into the tumor. Within the tumor, CCL2 polarizes M0-macrophages into Gas6-secreting M2-tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs). In concert, geminin-overexpression, S100A4/RAGE and Gas6/AXL signaling promote the invasive and intravasation abilities in geminin-overexpressing cells through exacerbating their stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotypes and enhancing expression and functional interaction of CD151 and α3β1-integrin in geminin-overexpressing cells. Tumors formed following injection of geminin-overexpressing cells admixed with MSCs/CAFs grew faster, metastasized earlier, especially to lungs, and were extremely sensitive to anti-c-Abl, anti-RAGE, and anti-AXL drugs. These data support an intrinsic ability in geminin-overexpressing tumor cells to promote their metastatic potential through recruitment and bi-directional interactions with MSCs/CAFs and M2-TAMs.
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12
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Clinical Implications of Extracellular HMGA1 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235950. [PMID: 31779212 PMCID: PMC6928815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional secretion of proteins is generally caused by cellular stress. During the tumorigenesis, tumor cells experience high levels of stress, and the secretion of some theoretically intracellular proteins is activated. Once in the extracellular space, these proteins play different paracrine and autocrine roles and could represent a vulnerability of cancer. One of these proteins is the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1), which is frequently overexpressed in tumors and presents a low expression in normal adult tissues. We have recently described that HMGA1 establishes an autocrine loop in invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The secretion of HMGA1 and its binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates the migration, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC cells and predicts the onset of metastasis in these patients. In this review, we summarized different strategies to exploit the novel tumorigenic phenotype mediated by extracellular HMGA1. We envisioned future clinical applications where the association between its change in subcellular localization and breast cancer progression could be used to predict tumor aggressiveness and guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, we proposed that targeting extracellular HMGA1 as monotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, or in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies, could bring new therapeutic options for TNBC patients.
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13
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Hellinger JW, Hüchel S, Goetz L, Bauerschmitz G, Emons G, Gründker C. Inhibition of CYR61-S100A4 Axis Limits Breast Cancer Invasion. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1074. [PMID: 31709177 PMCID: PMC6819319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Matricellular proteins modulate the micro environment of tumors and are recognized to contribute to tumor cell invasion and dissemination. The cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is upregulated in mesenchymal transformed and invasive breast cancer cells. CYR61 correlates with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. The signaling mechanism that causes invasive properties of cancer cells regarding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) needs further research. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism, which is responsible for reduced cell invasion after suppression of CYR61 in mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cells and in triple negative breast cancer cells. Methods: We addressed this issue by generating a mesenchymal transformed breast cancer cell line using prolonged mammosphere cultivation. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were used to analyze gene expression alterations. Transient gene silencing was conducted using RNA interference. Proliferation was assessed using AlamarBlue assay. Invasiveness was analyzed using 2D and 3D invasion assays. Immune-histochemical analysis of patient tissue samples was performed to examine the prognostic value of CYR61 expression. Results: In this study, we investigated whether CYR61 could be used as therapeutic target and prognostic marker for invasive breast cancer. We discovered an interaction of CYR61 with metastasis-associated protein S100A4. Suppression of CYR61 by RNA interference reduced the expression of S100A4 dependent on ERK1/2 activity regulation. Non-invasive breast cancer cells became invasive due to extracellular CYR61 supplement. Immune-histochemical analysis of 239 patient tissue samples revealed a correlation of higher CYR61 and S100A4 expression with invasive breast cancer and metastasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that suppression of CYR61 impedes the formation of an invasive cancer cell phenotype by reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation thereby suppressing S100A4. These findings identify mechanisms by which CYR61 suppresses cell invasion and suggest it to be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for invasive breast cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W Hellinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Hüchel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Goetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Bauerschmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Jin C, Hacking S, Komforti MK, Nasim M. A Comparison of Death Domain-Associated Protein 6 in Different Endometrial Carcinomas Histotypes. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919864892. [PMID: 31384126 PMCID: PMC6651668 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919864892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is involved in regulating apoptosis via subcellular localization. The presence of DAXX point mutations correlates well with loss of nuclear expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, we sought to determine (1) whether DAXX expression pattern is the same across different uterine carcinoma subtypes, and (2) which uterine carcinomas show loss of nuclear DAXX IHC. Design: We studied 65 uterine carcinomas of the following histologic types: 30 endometrioid (12 FIGO [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics] grade 1, 12 FIGO grade 2, and 6 FIGO grade 3), 8 serous, 14 clear cell, and 13 undifferentiated/dedifferentiated type (UEC/DDEC). Nuclear DAXX IHC was assessed in each tumor and was graded semi-quantitatively as follows: 0% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and greater than 75% of lesional cells react. Results: A total of 61% (25/41) of high-grade carcinomas (FIGO grade 3, serous, clear cell, and UEC/DDEC]) showed retained DAXX nuclear staining in >75% of lesional cells, compared with only 4.2% (1/24) of the low-grade carcinomas (FIGO grades 1 and 2) (P = .0001), where DAXX expression was cytoplasmic. In addition, in the 11 DDEC cases, all the differentiated components showed loss of nuclear DAXX compared with the undifferentiated components which retained nuclear DAXX expression. Conclusions: We demonstrate that loss of nuclear DAXX is present in low-grade endometrial carcinomas and the differentiated components in UEC/DDEC, but not in high-grade ones, suggesting DAXX’s role in tumor progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in high-grade endometrial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Systems, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Sean Hacking
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Systems, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | | | - Mansoor Nasim
- Department of Pathology, Northwell Health Systems, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
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15
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Heizmann CW. S100 proteins: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in laboratory medicine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Heizmann CW. Ca 2+-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:157-186. [PMID: 30710273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of Ca2+-sensor proteins containing the specific Ca2+-binding motif (helix-loop-helix, called EF-hand) are of major clinical relevance in a many human diseases. Measurements of troponin, the first intracellular Ca-sensor protein to be discovered, is nowadays the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mutations have been identified in calmodulin and linked to inherited ventricular tachycardia and in patients affected by severe cardiac arrhythmias. Parvalbumin, when introduced into the diseased heart by gene therapy to increase contraction and relaxation speed, is considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure. S100 proteins, the largest subgroup with the EF-hand protein family, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune pathologies. The intention of this review is to summarize the clinical importance of this protein family and their use as biomarkers and potential drug targets, which could help to improve the diagnosis of human diseases and identification of more selective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus W Heizmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Yang Y, Tang X, Song X, Tang L, Cao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Li Y, Yu M, Wan H, Chen F. Evidence for an oncogenic role of HOXC6 in human non-small cell lung cancer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6629. [PMID: 30993034 PMCID: PMC6461029 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of specific biomarkers is important for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HOXC6 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is highly expressed in several human cancers; however, its role in NSCLC remains unknown. Methods The expression and protein levels of HOXC6 were assessed in NSCLC tissue samples by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. HOXC6 was transfected into the NSCLC cell lines A549 and PC9, and used to investigate its effect on proliferation, migration, and invasion using CFSE, wound healing, and Matrigel invasion assays. Next-generation sequencing was also used to identify downstream targets of HOXC6 and to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its biological function. Results HOXC6 expression was significantly increased in 66.6% (20/30) of NSCLC tumor samples in comparison to normal controls. HOXC6 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated the upregulation of 310 and 112 genes in A549-HOXC6 and PC9-HOXC6 cells, respectively, and the downregulation of 665 and 385 genes in A549-HOXC6 and PC9-HOXC6 cells, respectively. HOXC6 was also found to regulate the expression of genes such as CEACAM6, SPARC, WNT6, CST1, MMP2, and KRT13, which have documented pro-tumorigenic functions. Discussion HOXC6 is highly expressed in NSCLC, and it may enhance lung cancer progression by regulating the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our study highlighted the oncogenic potential of HOXC6, and suggests that it may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haisu Wan
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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18
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Hu G, Xu F, Zhong K, Wang S, Huang L, Chen W. Activated Tumor-infiltrating Fibroblasts Predict Worse Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2018; 9:3736-3742. [PMID: 30405845 PMCID: PMC6216016 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Activated tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts were significantly associated with survival of cancer patients. However, they are heterogeneous population, and the prognostic role of these cells in human breast cancer still remains controversial. Herein, we performed the meta-analysis to better understand the role of these cells in prognosis prediction for breast cancer patients. Methods: We searched PubMed and EBSCO to identify the studies evaluating the association of intratumoral activated fibroblast density detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) method and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients, then computed extracted data into hazard ratios (HRs) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis, TNM stage with STATA 12.0. Results: A total of 3680 patients with breast cancer from 15 published studies were incorporated into this meta-analysis. We found that the infiltration of activated fibroblasts significantly decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients. In stratified analyses, high density of FSP-1+ or podoplanin+ fibroblasts was significantly associated with worse OS; while α-SMA+ or podoplanin+ fibroblast infiltration was associated with worse DFS in breast cancer. In addition, elevated number of activated tumor-infiltrating fibroblasts significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor tumor differentiation of patients. Conclusion: The infiltration of activated fibroblasts, especially the FSP-1+ or podoplanin+ fibroblasts leads to worse clinical outcome in breast cancer patients, implicating that it is a valuable prognostic biomarker and targeting it may have a potential for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 312000, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Prasmickaite L, Tenstad EM, Pettersen S, Jabeen S, Egeland EV, Nord S, Pandya A, Haugen MH, Kristensen VN, Børresen-Dale AL, Engebråten O, Maelandsmo GM. Basal-like breast cancer engages tumor-supportive macrophages via secreted factors induced by extracellular S100A4. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1540-1558. [PMID: 29741811 PMCID: PMC6120223 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) may influence both cancer progression and therapeutic response. In breast cancer, particularly in the aggressive triple‐negative/basal‐like subgroup, patient outcome is strongly associated with the tumor's inflammatory profile. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME, shown to be linked to poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. In this study, we investigated the effect of the metastasis‐ and inflammation‐associated microenvironmental factor S100A4 on breast cancer cells (BCCs) of different subtypes and explored their further interactions with myeloid cells. We demonstrated that extracellular S100A4 activates BCCs, particularly the basal‐like subtype, to elevate secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The secreted factors promoted conversion of monocytes to TAM‐like cells that exhibited protumorigenic activities: stimulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition, proliferation, chemoresistance, and motility in cancer cells. In conclusion, we have shown that extracellular S100A4 instigates a tumor‐supportive microenvironment, involving a network of cytokines and TAM‐like cells, which was particularly characteristic for basal‐like BCCs and potentiated their aggressive properties. The S100A4–BCC–TAM interaction cascade could be an important contributor to the aggressive behavior of this subtype and should be further explored for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Prasmickaite
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ellen M Tenstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Solveig Pettersen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind V Egeland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Abhilash Pandya
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Mads H Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Olav Engebråten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Maelandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Yu A, Wang Y, Bian Y, Chen L, Guo J, Shen W, Chen D, Liu S, Sun X. IL-1β promotes the nuclear translocaiton of S100A4 protein in gastric cancer cells MGC803 and the cell's stem-like properties through PI3K pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8163-8173. [PMID: 29932233 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that nuclear expression of S100A4 is significantly correlated with increased metastasis and reduced survival in patients with gastric cancer and many other cancers. However, the factors which could influence the nuclear contents of S100A4 in cancer cells are not clear. It has also been reported that Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promotes the nuclear translocation of S100A4 in chondrocytes. Previous studies have shown that IL-1β promotes the stemness of colon cancer cells, and S100A4 is also involved in maintaining cancer-initiating cells in head and neck cancers. We speculate that IL-1β might promote the nuclear translocation of S100A4 protein in MGC803 gastric cancer cells and therefore enhance their stem-like properties. The results from Western-blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that IL-1β increased the nuclear and total cellular content of S100A4 protein and S100A4 mRNA level in MGC803 cells. LY294002, a pharmacological inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) reversed the above effects. Functional studies indicated that IL-1β promoted the colony-forming and spheroid-forming capabilities of the cells and the expression of SOX2 and NANOG gene. PI3K or S100A4 inhibition reversed the IL-1β-mediated increase in colony and spheroid-forming capabilities of the cells. LY294002 also reversed the elevated SOX2 and NANOG expression induced by IL-1β. Our study demonstrated that IL-1β promote the nuclear translocation of S100A4 protein in gastric cancer cells MGC803, which are PI3K dependent, suggesting the existence of IL-1β-PI3K-S100A4 pathway for the first time. The study also showed that IL-1β promoted stem-like properties of the cells through the new pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junfu Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuju Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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21
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Jiao J, González Á, Stevenson HL, Gagea M, Sugimoto H, Kalluri R, Beretta L. Depletion of S100A4 + stromal cells does not prevent HCC development but reduces the stem cell-like phenotype of the tumors. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e422. [PMID: 29303514 PMCID: PMC5992984 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for the development of novel approaches to treat and prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The S100 calcium-binding protein S100A4 is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in several human cancers. In addition, a role for S100A4 in modulating cancer-initiating cells stemness properties was recently proposed in head and neck and gastric cancers. Whether S100A4+ stromal cells contribute to tumor onset remains, however, an unanswered question. To address that question, we generated a new mouse model allowing for the depletion of S100A4+ cells in a mouse model of HCC with stemness properties, by crossing mice with hepatic deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) with mice expressing viral thymidine kinase under the control of S100A4 promoter. Depletion of S100A4+ cells by ganciclovir injection did not prevent the development of HCC but reduced the stemness phenotype of the tumor as measured by the expression of progenitor cell, biliary cell and hepatocyte markers. The results were further confirmed by histology analysis showing reduction of cholangiolar tumor components and degree of oval cell hyperplasia in the adjacent liver. Depletion of S100A4+ cells had also some beneficial effect on the underlying liver disease with a reduction of NAS score, largely due to the reduction of inflammation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that S100A4+ cells do not contribute to HCC onset but maintain the stemness phenotype of the tumor. This study also suggests for the first time a crosstalk between inflammation and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro González
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Xu JF, Zhao ZG, Ye LL, Zhuge W, Han Z, Zhang TM, Ye SS, Chen WJ, Zhu S, Shi L, Zhang J, Guo AZ, Xue XY, Shen X. Prognostic significance of Daxx NCR (Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Ratio) in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2063-2075. [PMID: 28812328 PMCID: PMC5603835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to regulating apoptosis via its interaction with the death domain of Fas receptor, death domain associated protein 6 (Daxx) is also known to be involved in transcriptional regulation, suggesting that the function of Daxx depends on its subcellular localization. In this study, we aimed to explore Daxx subcellular localization in gastric cancer (GC) cells and correlate the findings with clinical data in GC patients. Seventy pairs of tissue samples (GC and adjacent normal tissue) were analyzed immunohistochemically for Daxx expression and localization (nuclear and cytoplasmic). The Daxx Nuclear/Cytoplasmic ratio (Daxx NCR) values in tissue microarray data with 522 tumor samples were further analyzed. The defined Prior cohort (n = 277, treatment between 2006 and 2009) and Recent cohort (n = 245, treatment between 2010 and 2011) were then used to examine the relationship between Daxx NCR and clinical data. The Daxx NCR was found to be clinically informative and significantly higher in GC tissue. Using Daxx NCR (risk ratio = 2.0), both the Prior and Recent cohorts were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Relative to the low‐risk group, the high‐risk patients had a shorter disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in both cohorts. Importantly, postoperative chemotherapy was found having differential effect on high‐ and low‐risk patients. Such chemotherapy brought no survival benefit, (and could potentially be detrimental,) to high‐risk patients after surgery. Daxx NCR could be used as a prognosis factor in GC patients, and may help select the appropriate population to benefit from chemotherapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-le Ye
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weishan Zhuge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Te-Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Si Ye
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua First People 's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ai-Zhen Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangpu Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Xue
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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