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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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Xu Y, Shen H, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Zhen X, Sun J, Li X, Zhou D, Yang C, Wang J, Huang X, Wei J, Huang J, Meng H, Yu W, Tong H, Jin J, Xie W. Dyslipidemia in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on the genetic subtypes: a single-center study of 259 Chinese patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172623. [PMID: 37384286 PMCID: PMC10299728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a kind of highly heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma, both in clinical and genetic terms. DLBCL is admittedly categorized into six subtypes by genetics, which contain MCD, BN2, EZB, N1, ST2, and A53. Dyslipidemia is relevant to a multitude of solid tumors and has recently been reported to be associated with hematologic malignancies. We aim to present a retrospective study investigating dyslipidemia in DLBCL based on the molecular subtypes. Results This study concluded that 259 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and their biopsy specimens were available for molecular typing. Results show that the incidence of dyslipidemia (87.0%, p <0.001) is higher in the EZB subtype than in others, especially hypertriglyceridemia (78.3%, p = 0.001) in the EZB subtype. Based on the pathological gene-sequencing, patients with BCL2 gene fusion mutation are significantly correlative with hyperlipidemia (76.5%, p = 0.006) and hypertriglyceridemia (88.2%, p = 0.002). Nevertheless, the occurrence of dyslipidemia has no remarkable influence on prognosis. Conclusion In summary, dyslipidemia correlates with genetic heterogeneity in DLBCL without having a significant influence on survival. This research first connects lipids and genetic subtypes in DLBCL.
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Schairer C, Laurent CA, Moy LM, Gierach GL, Caporaso NE, Pfeiffer RM, Kushi LH. Obesity and related conditions and risk of inflammatory breast cancer: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:467-478. [PMID: 32691376 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, poorly understood and aggressive tumor. We extended prior findings linking high body mass index (BMI) to substantial increased IBC risk by examining BMI associations before and after adjustment for well-characterized comorbidities using medical record data for diabetes, insulin resistance, and disturbances of cholesterol metabolism in a general community healthcare setting. METHODS We identified 247 incident IBC cases diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2005 and 2017 and 2470 controls matched 10:1 on birth year and geographic area and with ≥ 13 months of continuous enrollment prior to diagnosis/index date. We assessed exposures from 6 years up to one year prior to the diagnosis/index date, using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Before adjustment for comorbidities, ORs (95% CIs) for BMI of 25-< 30, 30-< 35, and ≥ 35 compared to < 25 kg/m2 were 1.5 (0.9-2.3), 2.0 (1.2-3.1), and 2.5 (1.4-4.4), respectively. After adjustment for pre-diabetes/diabetes, HDL-C and triglyceride levels, and dyslipidemia, corresponding ORs were 1.3 (0.8-2.1), 1.6 (0.9-2.9), and 1.9 (1.0-3.5). The OR for HDL-C levels < 50 mg/dL compared to ≥ 65 mg/dL was 2.0 (1.2-3.3) in the adjusted model. In a separate model the OR for a triglyceride/HDL-C ratio ≥ 2.50 compared to < 1.62 was 1.7 (1.1-2.8) after adjustment for BMI, pre-diabetes/diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results did not differ significantly by estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and measures of insulin resistance independently increased IBC risk as did obesity and low HDL-C levels. These findings, if confirmed, have implications for IBC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm 7E142, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cecile A Laurent
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Moy
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm 7E142, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm 7E142, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm 7E142, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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Safabakhsh M, Imani H, Yaseri M, Omranipour R, Shab-Bidar S. Higher dietary acid load is not associated with risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 3:e1212. [PMID: 32671997 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary acid load (DAL) may play a key role in certain cancers, including breast cancer (BC); however, evidence showing a causal relationship is lacking. AIM We examined the relationship between DAL, assessed with both the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores, and BC risk. METHODS We identified 150 women who had a diagnosis of BC recently and 150 age-matched apparently healthy controls. Data from dietary intake and anthropometric measures were collected from participants and eventually, PRAL and NEAP scores were obtained from nutrient intakes. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship of BC risk with PRAL and NEAP scores. RESULTS The odds ratios (OR) of BC according to tertiles of PRAL and NEAP scores by multivariate logistic regression models revealed that both PRAL (P-trend = 0.8) and NEAP (P-trend = 0.1) scores were not significantly associated with BC risk. After controlling confounders, multiple logistic regressions still remained non-significant which indicated no significant associations between PRAL (P-trend = 0.9), NEAP (P-trend = 0.4) scores and risk of BC. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggested that there is no significant relationship between DAL and BC incidence among Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safabakhsh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Clinical Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Cedó L, Reddy ST, Mato E, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. HDL and LDL: Potential New Players in Breast Cancer Development. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060853. [PMID: 31208017 PMCID: PMC6616617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and primary cause of cancer-related mortality in women. The identification of risk factors can improve prevention of cancer, and obesity and hypercholesterolemia represent potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factors. In the present work, we review the progress to date in research on the potential role of the main cholesterol transporters, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), on breast cancer development. Although some studies have failed to find associations between lipoproteins and breast cancer, some large clinical studies have demonstrated a direct association between LDL cholesterol levels and breast cancer risk and an inverse association between HDL cholesterol and breast cancer risk. Research in breast cancer cells and experimental mouse models of breast cancer have demonstrated an important role for cholesterol and its transporters in breast cancer development. Instead of cholesterol, the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol induces the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells and facilitates metastasis. Oxidative modification of the lipoproteins and HDL glycation activate different inflammation-related pathways, thereby enhancing cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and apolipoprotein A-I mimetics have emerged as potential therapeutic agents to prevent the deleterious effects of high cholesterol in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Cedó
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1736, USA.
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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