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Kivlighan KT, Schneider SS, Browne EP, Pentecost BT, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF. Mammary epithelium permeability during established lactation: associations with cytokine levels in human milk. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1258905. [PMID: 38419845 PMCID: PMC10900798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1258905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cytokine profile of human milk may be a key indicator of mammary gland health and has been linked to infant nutrition, growth, and immune system development. The current study examines the extent to which mammary epithelium permeability (MEP) is associated with cytokine profiles during established lactation within a sample of US mothers. Methods Participants were drawn from a previous study of human milk cytokines. The present analysis includes 162 participants (98 Black, 64 White) with infants ranging from 1 to 18 months of age. Levels of cytokines were determined previously. Here we measure milk sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels with ion-selective probes. Two approaches were used to define elevated MEP: Na levels ≥10 mmol/L and Na/K ratios greater than 0.6. Associations between maternal-infant characteristics, elevated MEP, and twelve analytes (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β, FASL, VEGFD, FLT1, bFGF, PLGF, EGF, leptin, adiponectin) were examined using bivariate associations, principal components analysis, and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Elevated MEP was observed in 12 and 15% of milk samples as defined by Na and Na/K cutoffs, respectively. The odds of experiencing elevated MEP (defined by Na ≥ 10 mmol/L) were higher among Black participants and declined with older infant age. All cytokines, except leptin, were positively correlated with either Na or the Na/K ratio. A pro-inflammatory factor (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β, EGF) and a tissue remodeling factor (FASL, VEGFD, FLT1, bFGF, PLGF, adiponectin) each contributed uniquely to raising the odds of elevated MEP as defined by either Na or the Na/K ratio. Conclusion This exploratory analysis of MEP and cytokine levels during established lactation indicates that elevated MEP may be more common in US populations than previously appreciated and that individuals identifying as Black may have increased odds of experiencing elevated MEP based on current definitions. Research aimed at understanding the role of MEP in mammary gland health or infant growth and development should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T. Kivlighan
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Eva P. Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Brian T. Pentecost
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L. Anderton
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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2
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LeMaster C, Pierce SH, Geanes ES, Khanal S, Elliott SS, Scott AB, Louiselle DA, McLennan R, Maulik D, Lewis T, Pastinen T, Bradley T. The cellular and immunological dynamics of early and transitional human milk. Commun Biol 2023; 6:539. [PMID: 37202439 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is essential for infant nutrition and immunity, providing protection against infections and other immune-mediated diseases during the lactation period and beyond in later childhood. Milk contains a broad range of bioactive factors such as nutrients, hormones, enzymes, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and antimicrobial factors, as well as heterogeneous populations of maternal cells. The soluble and cellular components of milk are dynamic over time to meet the needs of the growing infant. In this study, we utilize systems-approaches to define and characterize 62 analytes of the soluble component, including immunoglobulin isotypes, as well as the cellular component of human milk during the first two weeks postpartum from 36 mothers. We identify soluble immune and growth factors that are dynamic over time and could be utilized to classify milk into different phenotypic groups. We identify 24 distinct populations of both epithelial and immune cells by single-cell transcriptome analysis of 128,016 human milk cells. We found that macrophage populations have shifting inflammatory profiles during the first two weeks of lactation. This analysis provides key insights into the soluble and cellular components of human milk and serves as a substantial resource for future studies of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cas LeMaster
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Stephen H Pierce
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Eric S Geanes
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Staci S Elliott
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Allison B Scott
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Daniel A Louiselle
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Devika Maulik
- Fetal Health Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Tamorah Lewis
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Takahashi T, Ueno HM, Yamaide F, Nakano T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Mitsuishi C, Shimojo N. Comparison of 30 Cytokines in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2013 in Japan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071735. [PMID: 37049575 PMCID: PMC10096822 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk cytokines play a vital role in mucosal immunity during infancy by supporting immune development and functions. Although the maternal background characteristics influence milk cytokines, changes in cytokine levels across generations remain unclear. Colostrum (C, n = 48) and mature milk (MM, n = 49) samples were collected from lactating Japanese women in 1989 (2727 samples) and 2013 (1408 samples). Milk cytokines were comprehensively measured using a suspension array and immunosorbent assays. The positive rates and cytokine concentrations were compared between the two generations using logistic and multiple regression analyses. Twenty-eight cytokines tested positive in all sample groups (1989-C, 1989-MM, 2013-C, and 2013-MM). The median osteopontin (OPN) level was significantly higher in the 1989-C group than in the 2013-C group (318.1 vs. 137.5 μg/mL; p = 0.0016) but did not differ between the MM groups. The median TGF-β1 level was significantly lower in the 1989-MM group than in the 2013-MM group (1056.2 vs. 1330.8 pg/mL; p = 0.008) but did not differ between the C groups. Most cytokines were comparable between generations, except for potential variation in the C-OPN and TGF-β1 levels. Milk cytokine secretion may reflect temporal changes in maternal background characteristics; however, the results from the analysis of 30-year-old samples may have influenced the milk cytokine levels. Further studies are needed with a larger number of milk samples collected from the same individuals at multiple time points over a wide lactation period, with detailed data on the maternal and infant background characteristics and diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Fumiya Yamaide
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo 150-0012, Japan
| | - Chisako Mitsuishi
- Japanese Red Cross Tokyo Katsushika Perinatal Center, Tokyo 125-0051, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Cortés-Macías E, Selma-Royo M, Rio-Aige K, Bäuerl C, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Martínez-Costa C, Pérez-Cano FJ, Collado MC. Distinct breast milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles are associated with infant growth at 12 months: an in vitro host-microbe interaction mechanistic approach. Food Funct 2023; 14:148-159. [PMID: 36472137 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) is important for adequate infant development, and it contains bioactive compounds, such as bacteria, cytokines and some adipokines which play a role in infant microbial, metabolic, and immunological maturation. However, little is known about its impact on growth and development in early life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles on the risk of overweight at 12 months of life to find the possible mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. In this study, BM samples from 100 healthy women collected during 15 d after birth were included. BM microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and cytokine and adipokine levels were measured by the Luminex approach. In addition, infant weight and length were recorded during the first 12 months and z-scores were obtained according to the WHO databases. Infants were classified as risk of overweight (ROW) and no-risk of overweight (NOROW) based on their body mass index z-score (BMIZ) and infant weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) at 12 months. In order to study host-microbe interactions, epithelial intestinal and mammary cell lines were exposed to milk microbes to assess the host response by interleukin (IL)-6 production as a potential inflammatory marker. BM was dominated by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera, and the most abundant cytokines were IL-6 and IL-18. Leptin levels were positively correlated with the pregestational body mass index (BMI). Higher relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus was associated with higher IL-10 and higher relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus was associated with lower IL-6 concentrations in milk. Infant WLZ at 12 months could be partially predicted by Streptococcus genus proportions and IL-10 and IL-18 levels in BM. BM microbiota significantly induced cytokine responses in mammary epithelial cells. Higher levels of IL-6 production were observed in mammary cells exposed to BM microbiota from mothers with ROW offspring compared to mothers with NOROW offspring. In conclusion, BM microbiota is related to the cytokine profile. IL-10 and IL-18 levels and the abundance of the Streptococcus genus could affect early infant development. Further research is needed to clarify the specific impact of BM microbiota and cytokines on infant growth and the risk of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cortés-Macías
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Karla Rio-Aige
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Sturgeon SR, Sibeko L, Balasubramanian R, Arcaro KF. New Moms Wellness Study: the randomized controlled trial study protocol for an intervention study to increase fruit and vegetable intake and lower breast cancer risk through weekly counseling and supplemental fruit and vegetable box delivery in breastfeeding women. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:389. [PMID: 36153518 PMCID: PMC9509588 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laboratory studies indicate that chemicals in fruits and vegetables have anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities that can lower breast cancer risk. However, epidemiologic studies of the association between fruit and vegetable intake and breast cancer risk have produced mixed results. Measurement error, confounding, and an emphasis on diet in later adulthood may contribute to weak associations. This paper describes a randomized controlled diet intervention trial in breastfeeding women to examine the effect of high fruit and vegetable intake on breast cancer risk factors, including weight, DNA methylation and inflammatory markers. Methods Eligible breastfeeding women who reside within a 35-mile radius of Amherst, MA are enrolled at five to six weeks postpartum and randomly assigned to a Fruit and Vegetable Intervention Arm (target n = 200) or to a USDA MyPlate Control Arm (target n = 200). The Fruit and Vegetable Intervention group receives weekly telephone or video-based counseling to encourage intake of at least eight to ten daily servings of fruits and vegetables and a weekly delivery of a supplemental box of fruits and vegetables for 20 weeks, and less intensive counseling for up to one year. Breastmilk and infant fecal specimens are collected at baseline, 10 and 20 weeks. Anthropometric measurements are obtained at these timepoints and at the 1-year follow-up. The primary outcomes are change in DNA methylation in breast epithelial cells and change in inflammatory markers in breastmilk from randomization to 20 weeks; and change in weight, waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable intake for the period from randomization to 20 weeks and 1 year. Discussion This 1-year randomized diet intervention trial in breastfeeding women will assess whether intake of at least eight to ten daily servings of fruits and vegetables per day improves biomarkers of breast cancer risk directly in the breast (i.e., DNA methylation and inflammatory markers) and helps women maintain a healthy weight. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04374747. Registered May 5, 2020. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04374747.
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6
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Ramos-Méndez MA, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, Villar-Soto M, Genis-Mendoza AD, González-Castro TB, López-Narváez ML, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Castillo-Avila RG, Villar-Juárez GE. Effect of risperidone on serum IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35839173 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risperidone has been significant correlated with a direct effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients with schizophrenia. This fact allows the opportunity to link the probable immunomodulatory effect of antipsychotic medication. Specially, a proper functioning of IL-6 pathway plays a potential role in the treatment or development of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of risperidone on IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Studies were identified through a systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The articles found were subjected to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; then, the mean and standardised differences were extracted to calculate the standardised mean differences using the CMA software. RESULTS IL-6 levels in individuals with schizophrenia were compared before and after receiving risperidone as treatment. Increased levels of IL-6 levels were observed in individuals with schizophrenia who received risperidone (point estimate 0.249, lower limit 0.042, upper limit 0.455, p-value 0.018). In the Asian population sub-analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed (point estimate 0.103, lower limit -0.187, upper limit 0.215, p value 0.890). When we compared individuals with schizophrenia to the control groups, a significant increase of IL-6 levels was observed in the group with schizophrenia (point estimate 0.248, lower limit 0.024, upper limit 0.472, p-value 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Risperidone appears to play an important role in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia. Potential implications of increased IL-6 levels in people with schizophrenia should be considered in future studies.KEY POINTSIncreased levels of IL-6 levels were observed in individuals with schizophrenia who received risperidone.Risperidone appears to play an important role in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia.This study could serve for future research focussed on IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Mario Villar-Soto
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Hospital Chiapas Nos Une Dr. Gilberto Gómez Maza, Secretaría de Salud de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Avellar ACDS, Oliveira MN, Caixeta F, Souza RCVE, Teixeira A, Faria AMC, Silveira-Nunes G, Faria ES, Maioli TU. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910807. [PMID: 35795656 PMCID: PMC9251182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is considered a complete food for babies. Up to 7 days postpartum, it is known as colostrum, rich in immunological compounds, responsible for providing nutrition and ensuring immune protection. However, some maternal factors, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can change the concentration of bioactive compounds present in the colostrum and may affect the development of the newborn’s immune system. The effect of GDM on colostrum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors is not well described. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of biomarkers in the colostrum. A cross-sectional study was carried out on postpartum women who had healthy pregnancies and women who had been diagnosed with GDM. A sample of colostrum was collected for Luminex analysis. Our results showed that GDM mothers had higher secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the colostrum, with a higher concentration of IFN-g, IL-6, and IL-15, and a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Among growth factors, we identified a decreased concentration of GM-CSF in the colostrum of GDM mothers. Thus, the data obtained support the idea that the disease leads to immune alterations in the colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Sena Avellar
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Naves Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Hospital Sofia Feldman, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Caixeta
- Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cristina Vieira e Souza
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Tatiani Uceli Maioli,
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8
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Narayanaswamy V, Pentecost B, Alfandari D, Chin E, Minor K, Kastrinakis A, Lieberman T, Arcaro KF, Leftwich H. Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Colostrum from Women Diagnosed Positive for SARS-CoV-2. Breastfeed Med 2021; 16:987-994. [PMID: 34382820 PMCID: PMC8713451 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in colostrum from women who tested positive for the virus. Methods: Between March and September 2020 we obtained bilateral colostrum samples collected on spot cards within 48 hours of delivery from 15 new mothers who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four of 15 women provided liquid colostrum, which was used for validating results obtained from spot cards. Archived bilateral colostrum samples collected from 8 women during 2011-2013 were used as pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) controls. All samples were tested for reactivity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that measures SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM and for levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13) using a multiplex electrochemiluminescent sandwich assay. Results: Our validation studies indicate that the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and the associated cytokines measured in liquid colostrum are comparable to levels eluted from spot cards. Bilateral colostrum samples from 73%, 73%, and 33% of the 15 COVID-19 mothers exhibited IgA, IgG, and IgM reactivity to RBD, respectively. In addition, symptomatic COVID-19 mothers had statistically significant elevated levels of 4 of the 10 inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12) compared to asymptomatic COVID-19 mothers. Conclusions: A strong humoral immune response is present in the colostrum of women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before delivering. The evolution and duration of the antibody response, as well as dynamics of the cytokine response, remain to be determined. Our results also indicate that future large-scale studies can be conducted with milk easily collected on paper spot cards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Narayanaswamy
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Pentecost
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Chin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Minor
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alyssa Kastrinakis
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanya Lieberman
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen F. Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi Leftwich
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast milk (BM) is a peculiar fluid owing unique properties and resulting the ideal food during early neonatal period. As widely known, it can improve the outcome of both neonate and lactating mother, influencing their whole life. BM is characterized by several beneficial components; among these, a great role is played by BM own and specific microbiome, deeply investigated in many studies. Moreover, the use of metabolomics in BM analysis allowed a better characterization of its metabolic pathways that vary according to lactation stage and neonatal gestational age. The aim of this review is to describe growth factors, cytokines, immunity mediators, and stem cells (SCs) contained in BM and investigate their functions and effects on neonatal outcome, especially focusing on immuno- and neurodevelopment. RECENT FINDINGS We evaluated recent and updated literature on this field. The article that we analyzed to write this review have been found in MEDLINE using breast milk-derived stem cells, biofactors, growth factors, breastfeeding-related outcomes, neurodevelopment, and neonatal immunological system as keywords. Discovering and characterizing BM components could result very useful to clarify the pathophysiology of their influence on neonatal growth and even to improve artificial formulations' composition. Moreover, since SCs abilities and their involvement in the development of several diseases, they could help to discover specific targets for new therapies. It could be useful to characterize BM-derived SC markers, properties, and variations during lactation stages, to understand their potential role in therapeutic applications, since they could be noninvasively isolated from BM. More studies will help to describe more in detail the characteristics of mother-to-child communication through breastfeeding and its potential role in the next future.
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10
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Ogony JW, Radisky DC, Ruddy KJ, Goodison S, Wickland DP, Egan KM, Knutson KL, Asmann YW, Sherman ME. Immune Responses and Risk of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Higher Rates among African American Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:901-910. [PMID: 32753376 PMCID: PMC9576802 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is poorly understood. As many TNBCs develop prior to the initiation of breast cancer screening or at younger ages when the sensitivity of mammography is comparatively low, understanding the etiology of TNBCs is critical for discovering novel prevention approaches for these tumors. Furthermore, the higher incidence rate of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, and specifically, of TNBCs, among young African American women (AAW) versus white women is a source of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Whereas immune responses to TNBCs have received considerable attention in relation to prognosis and treatment, the concept that dysregulated immune responses may predispose to the development of TNBCs has received limited attention. We present evidence that dysregulated immune responses are critical in the pathogenesis of TNBCs, based on the molecular biology of the cancers and the mechanisms proposed to mediate TNBC risk factors. Furthermore, proposed risk factors for TNBC, especially childbearing without breastfeeding, high parity, and obesity, are more prevalent among AAW than white women. Limited data suggest genetic differences in immune responses by race, which favor a stronger Thr type 2 (Th2) immune response among AAW than white women. Th2 responses contribute to wound-healing processes, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of TNBCs. Accordingly, we review data on the link between immune responses and TNBC risk and consider whether the prevalence of risk factors that result in dysregulated immunity is higher among AAW than white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Ogony
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida.,Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kathryn J Ruddy
- Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven Goodison
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Daniel P Wickland
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida. .,Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
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11
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Kim G, Pastoriza JM, Condeelis JS, Sparano JA, Filippou PS, Karagiannis GS, Oktay MH. The Contribution of Race to Breast Tumor Microenvironment Composition and Disease Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1022. [PMID: 32714862 PMCID: PMC7344193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women following skin cancer. Despite overall decrease in breast cancer mortality due to advances in treatment and earlier screening, black patients continue to have 40% higher risk of breast cancer related death compared to white patients. This disparity in outcome persists even when controlled for access to care and stage at presentation and has been attributed to differences in tumor subtypes or gene expression profiles. There is emerging evidence that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the racial disparities in outcome as well. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current literature available regarding race-dependent differences in the TME. Notably, black patients tend to have a higher density of pro-tumorigenic immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells) and microvasculature. Although immune cells are classically thought to be anti-tumorigenic, increase in M2 macrophages and angiogenesis may lead to a paradoxical increase in metastasis by forming doorways of tumor cell intravasation called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). Furthermore, black patients also have higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which provide a positive feedback loop in creating a pro-metastatic TME. Lastly, we propose that the higher density of immune cells and angiogenesis observed in the TME of black patients may be a result of evolutionary selection for a more robust immune response in patients of African geographic ancestry. Better understanding of race-dependent differences in the TME will aid in overcoming the racial disparity in breast cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jessica M Pastoriza
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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12
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Kuziez D, Harkey J, Burack S, Borja J, Quinn EA. Maternal birth weight is associated with milk epidermal growth factor in Filipino women. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23403. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Kuziez
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Jamie Harkey
- Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Sarah Burack
- Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Judith Borja
- Office of Population Studies University of San Carlos Cebu Philippines
| | - Elizabeth A. Quinn
- Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis Saint Louis Missouri
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13
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Deepak KGK, Vempati R, Nagaraju GP, Dasari VR, S N, Rao DN, Malla RR. Tumor microenvironment: Challenges and opportunities in targeting metastasis of triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104683. [PMID: 32050092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is most aggressive subtype of breast cancers with high probability of metastasis as well as lack of specific targets and targeted therapeutics. TNBC is characterized with unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which differs from other subtypes. TME is associated with induction of proliferation, angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis and immune system suppression, and drug resistance. Exosomes are promising nanovesicles, which orchestrate the TME by communicating with different cells within TME. The components of TME including transformed ECM, soluble factors, immune suppressive cells, epigenetic modifications and re-programmed fibroblasts together hamper antitumor response and helps progression and metastasis of TNBCs. Therefore, TME could be a therapeutic target of TNBC. The current review presents latest updates on the role of exosomes in modulation of TME, approaches for targeting TME and combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and target chemotherapeutics. Finally, we also discussed various phytochemicals that alter genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of TME along with current challenges and future implications. Thus, as TME is associated with the hallmarks of TNBC, the understanding of the impact of different components can improve the clinical benefits of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G K Deepak
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Rahul Vempati
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Venkata Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Nagini S
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, India
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
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14
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Takahashi T, Fukudome H, Ueno HM, Watanabe-Matsuhashi S, Nakano T, Kobayashi T, Ishimaru K, Nakao A. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA Levels in the Milk of Japanese Women: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2019; 6:128. [PMID: 31552256 PMCID: PMC6735502 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary probiotics supplementation in lactating mothers may help prevent allergic disease in infants. However, owing to a lack of consistency in nutritional and safety outcomes associated with probiotics, this topic remains controversial. Methods: In this open-label pilot trial conducted between April 2013 and December 2013, we evaluated the safety of probiotic supplementation with 5 × 109 CFU of Lactobacillus casei LC5, 5 × 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium longum BG7, and 2 × 108 CFU of Bacillus coagulans SANK70258 in lactating women who exhibited allergies for 2 months (1–3 months postpartum); we also evaluated the effects of probiotic supplementation on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in human milk. Participants self-selected to join the probiotic (n = 41; age [median (interquartile range [IQR]), y] 33 [27–39], body mass index [BMI] [median (IQR), kg/m2] 21.8 [19.5–22.8]) or no supplementation control group (n = 19; age [median (IQR), y] 33 [23–43], BMI [median (IQR), kg/m2) 19.6 [18.4–22.1]). Probiotics (three tablets) received were taken as daily supplements. Milk samples were collected at 1, 2, and 3 months postpartum, and TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA levels were measured. Results: No adverse effects were observed in the probiotic group, according to the self-recorded diary during the study period. Milk IgA decreased with increasing postpartum months in both groups. In contrast, TGF- β1 and β2 were not affected by lactation periods, and showed different patterns over time between the two groups. TGF-β1, TGF-β1, and IgA levels were significantly correlated at baseline (respectively p < 0.05). However, the correlation between TGF-β1 and IgA became non-significant by the end of the intervention (p = 0.063). Conclusion: Altogether, probiotic supplementation was tolerated with respect to no dropout and 91.5% adherence. Although probiotic supplementation might affect human milk TGF-β levels, a positive effect of probiotic supplementation was not entirely supported. Future placebo-controlled studies are needed to further support the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation. Clinical Trial Registration:www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/, identifier: UMIN000036059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fukudome
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Taku Nakano
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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15
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Meng X, Dunsmore G, Koleva P, Elloumi Y, Wu RY, Sutton RT, Ambrosio L, Hotte N, Nguyen V, Madsen KL, Dieleman LA, Chen H, Huang V, Elahi S. The Profile of Human Milk Metabolome, Cytokines, and Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Versus Healthy Mothers, and Potential Impact on the Newborn. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:431-441. [PMID: 30418545 PMCID: PMC6441305 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS For women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], it is not very well known how IBD or IBD treatment affects their breast milk components. We aimed to investigate whether breast milk composition differs in healthy control [HC] versus IBD mothers in terms of antibodies, cytokines, and metabolite,s to identify potential impact of IBD breast milk on neonatal immune system. METHODS Breast milk specimens from HC [n = 17] and IBD [n = 31 for Crohn's disease [CD]; and n = 41 for ulcerative colitis [UC]; were collected at 3 and 6 months postpartum [PP3] and [PP6], respectively. Faecal samples were also collected. Cytokines and immunoglobulins [IgA/IgG/IgE] were analysed by multiplex Meso Scale Discovery [MSD] and commercial kits. Moreover, breast milk metabolites were analysed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]. RESULTS We found that breast milk from IBD mothers showed significantly lower levels of IgA, sugar metabolite [lactose], and 2-aminobutyrate. In contrast, we observed that breast milk from mothers with IBD had increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher energy metabolites [lactate and succinate] than milk from healthy mothers. In addition, we noticed that the type of treatment [5-aminosalicylic acid versus biologics] influenced the milk cytokines and metabolites profile. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in immunoprotective components of IBD breast milk such as sIgA and lactose theoretically may modulate the potential protective effects of breastfeeding. On the other hand, presence of higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lactate, and succinate may predispose the offspring to an inflammatory condition or impact on the gut microbiome. Better understanding of the role of succinate in infants and its potential effects on microbiome or mucosal immunity merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Meng
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University. Nanchang, China
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Petya Koleva
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yesmine Elloumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Richard You Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lindsy Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University. Nanchang, China
| | - Vivian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Shokrollah Elahi, PhD, 7020L, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacology and Health Research, 11361-87th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E1, Canada. Tel.: 780-492-1336; fax: 780-492-7466;
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