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Kobayashi Y, Suzuki K, Tateno M, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Nagasaka Y, Sakurai D, Ohashi-Doi K, Nakao A. Cha o 3, a cypress pollen allergen, does not activate basophils in Japanese cypress pollinosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100198. [PMID: 38155861 PMCID: PMC10753085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Background In Japan, pollinosis caused by the Japanese cypress (JCy) Chamaecyparis obtusa is among the very common seasonal allergies. In JCy pollinosis, Cha o 1 is the first major allergen, and Cha o 2 is the second major allergen. Recently, Cha o 3 was identified as a new JCy pollen allergen in JCy pollinosis. However, the relative contribution of Cha o 3 to JCy pollinosis compared with that of Cha o 1 and that of Cha o 2 has not been fully elucidated. Objective This study aimed to clarify the allergenicity of Cha o 3 compared with that of Cha o 1 and Cha o 2 in JCy pollinosis. Methods We recruited 27 patients with JCy pollinosis and performed the basophil activation test (BAT) with native (n) Cha o 1, Cha o 2, and Cha o 3 purified from JCy pollen. In addition, we a performed JCy-specific IgE suppression test. Results In the BAT, 26 of 27 patients (96%) and 18 of 27 patients (67%) showed positive basophil activation in response to n Cha o 1 and n Cha o 2, respectively, as judged by CD203c expression. Little CD203c expression in response to n Cha o 3 was seen. The presence of n Cha o 3 marginally reduced the titer levels of JCy-specific IgE. Conclusion Cha o 3 showed little ability to activate basophils and suppress JCy-specific IgE titers compared with Cha o 1 or Cha o 2 in patients with JCy pollinosis. Thus, Cha o 3 may not be a major allergen in JCy pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagasaka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daiju Sakurai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Nguyen PT, Nakamura Y, Tran NQV, Ishimaru K, Nguyen TA, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe-Saito F, Okuda T, Nakano N, Nakao A. Ethyl Caffeate Can Inhibit Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling and AhR-Mediated Potentiation of Mast Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9997. [PMID: 37373144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl caffeate (EC) is a natural phenolic compound that is present in several medicinal plants used to treat inflammatory disorders. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that EC inhibits aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and that this is associated with its anti-allergic activity. EC inhibited AhR activation, induced by the AhR ligands FICZ and DHNA in AhR signaling-reporter cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), as assessed by AhR target gene expressions such as CYP1A1. EC also inhibited the FICZ-induced downregulation of AhR expression and DHNA-induced IL-6 production in BMMCs. Furthermore, the pretreatment of mice with orally administered EC inhibited DHNA-induced CYP1A1 expression in the intestine. Notably, both EC and CH-223191, a well-established AhR antagonist, inhibited IgE-mediated degranulation in BMMCs grown in a cell culture medium containing significant amounts of AhR ligands. Furthermore, oral administration of EC or CH-223191 to mice inhibited the PCA reaction associated with the suppression of constitutive CYP1A1 expression within the skin. Collectively, EC inhibited AhR signaling and AhR-mediated potentiation of mast cell activation due to the intrinsic AhR activity in both the culture medium and normal mouse skin. Given the AhR control of inflammation, these findings suggest a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc-Tan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Nguyen Quoc Vuong Tran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Thuy-An Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fumie Watanabe-Saito
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Tohru Okuda
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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3
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Nakao A, Urakami T, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Tran V, Takahashi T, Shimizu T, Sinko W, Gummadi V, Dhudashiya A, Babu R, Terada Y. MOD000001, a Novel Highly Selective and Orally Available KIT Inhibitor, Suppresses Passive Cutaneous Anaphylactic (PCA) Reaction and Food Allergy in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Urakami T, Takahashi T, Shimizu T, Sinko W, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Tran V, Poddutoori R, Narayanan K, Marappan S, Nakao A, Terada Y. Identification of MOD000001, A Novel Highly Selective and Orally Available KIT Inhibitor Designed for Treatment of Mast Cell-Associated Disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Takahashi T, Fukudome H, Ueno HM, Watanabe-Matsuhashi S, Nakano T, Kobayashi T, Ishimaru K, Nakao A. Probiotic Supplementation and Human Milk Cytokine Profiles in Japanese Women: A Retrospective Study from an Open-Label Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072285. [PMID: 34209459 PMCID: PMC8308220 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of probiotic supplementation to lactating mothers on human milk cytokines are inconclusive. Thus, we performed a comprehensive open-label pilot trial analysis of 27 human milk cytokines in lactating women with allergies (one to three months postpartum) to determine the effect of supplementation with a mixture of new probiotic strains. Participants voluntarily joined the probiotic (n = 41) or no supplementation control (n = 19) groups. The probiotic group took three probiotic tablets (Lactobacillus casei LC5, Bifidobacterium longum BG7, and Bacillus coagulans SANK70258) daily for one to three months postpartum. Milk samples were collected at one, two, and three months postpartum, and cytokine levels were measured using multiplex assays. The effects were analyzed using multivariate regression models. Eleven cytokines showed a positive rate of over 50% in the milk samples throughout testing in both groups. The positive rates of IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-7 changed significantly with lactation progression in logistic regression models after adjusting for time and supplementation, whereas rates of other cytokines showed no significant differences. The lactational change patterns of IL-10 concentrations differed significantly between the two groups. A short-term supplementation of probiotics affects human milk cytokine levels in lactating women with a possible placebo effect still existing. Future placebo-controlled studies are needed to support these results, based on the estimated sample sizes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-242-8138
| | - Hirofumi Fukudome
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Shiomi Watanabe-Matsuhashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Taku Nakano
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan; (H.F.); (H.M.U.); (S.W.-M.); (T.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (K.I.); (A.N.)
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6
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Nakajima S, Manita S, Yu G, Ishimaru K, Kono K, Kitamura K, Nakao A. Activation of the reward system ameliorates passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:3275-3279. [PMID: 32533858 PMCID: PMC7754286 DOI: 10.1111/all.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
- Department of progressive DOHaD research Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
- Department of Medical Electrophysiology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Satoshi Manita
- Department of Neurophysiology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
| | - Guannan Yu
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Neurophysiology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan
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7
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Kaplan HH, Lauretta DS, Simon AA, Hamilton VE, DellaGiustina DN, Golish DR, Reuter DC, Bennett CA, Burke KN, Campins H, Connolly HC, Dworkin JP, Emery JP, Glavin DP, Glotch TD, Hanna R, Ishimaru K, Jawin ER, McCoy TJ, Porter N, Sandford SA, Ferrone S, Clark BE, Li JY, Zou XD, Daly MG, Barnouin OS, Seabrook JA, Enos HL. Bright carbonate veins on asteroid (101955) Bennu: Implications for aqueous alteration history. Science 2020; 370:science.abc3557. [PMID: 33033155 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The composition of asteroids and their connection to meteorites provide insight into geologic processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We present spectra of the Nightingale crater region on near-Earth asteroid Bennu with a distinct infrared absorption around 3.4 micrometers. Corresponding images of boulders show centimeters-thick, roughly meter-long bright veins. We interpret the veins as being composed of carbonates, similar to those found in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. If the veins on Bennu are carbonates, fluid flow and hydrothermal deposition on Bennu's parent body would have occurred on kilometer scales for thousands to millions of years. This suggests large-scale, open-system hydrothermal alteration of carbonaceous asteroids in the early Solar System.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kaplan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. .,Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A A Simon
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D R Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D C Reuter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C A Bennett
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K N Burke
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H Campins
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.,Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J P Dworkin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J P Emery
- Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - D P Glavin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T D Glotch
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - R Hanna
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K Ishimaru
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E R Jawin
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T J McCoy
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Porter
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S A Sandford
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Ferrone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B E Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - X-D Zou
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M G Daly
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O S Barnouin
- John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - J A Seabrook
- Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H L Enos
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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8
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Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Nakao A. Time-restricted feeding in rest phase alters IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reaction in mice. Allergol Int 2020; 69:296-299. [PMID: 31623974 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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9
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Nakajima S, Ishimaru K, Kobayashi A, Yu G, Nakamura Y, Oh-Oka K, Suzuki-Inoue K, Kono K, Nakao A. Resveratrol inhibits IL-33-mediated mast cell activation by targeting the MK2/3-PI3K/Akt axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18423. [PMID: 31804564 PMCID: PMC6895112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2-mediated mast cell activation plays important roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. Hence, pharmacologically targeting the IL-33/ST2 pathway in mast cells could help to treat such diseases. We found that resveratrol inhibits IL-33/ST2-mediated mast cell activation. Resveratrol suppressed IL-33-induced IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α production in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), mouse fetal skin-derived mast cells, and human basophils. Resveratrol also attenuated cytokine expression induced by intranasal administration of IL-33 in mouse lung. IL-33-mediated cytokine production in mast cells requires activation of the NF-κB and MAPK p38-MAPK-activated protein kinase-2/3 (MK2/3)-PI3K/Akt pathway, and resveratrol clearly inhibited IL-33-induced activation of the MK2/3-PI3K/Akt pathway, but not the NF-κB pathway, without affecting p38 in BMMCs. Importantly, resveratrol inhibited the kinase activity of MK2, and an MK2/3 inhibitor recapitulated the suppressive effects of resveratrol. Resveratrol and an MK2/3 inhibitor also inhibited IgE-dependent degranulation and cytokine production in BMMCs, concomitant with suppression of the MK2/3-PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits both IL-33/ST2-mediated and IgE-dependent mast cell activation principally by targeting the MK2/3-PI3K/Akt axis downstream of p38. Thus, resveratrol may have potential for the prevention and treatment of broad ranges of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. .,Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. .,Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Guannan Yu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oh-Oka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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10
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Takahashi T, Fukudome H, Ueno HM, Watanabe-Matsuhashi S, Nakano T, Kobayashi T, Ishimaru K, Nakao A. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA Levels in the Milk of Japanese Women: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2019; 6:128. [PMID: 31552256 PMCID: PMC6735502 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary probiotics supplementation in lactating mothers may help prevent allergic disease in infants. However, owing to a lack of consistency in nutritional and safety outcomes associated with probiotics, this topic remains controversial. Methods: In this open-label pilot trial conducted between April 2013 and December 2013, we evaluated the safety of probiotic supplementation with 5 × 109 CFU of Lactobacillus casei LC5, 5 × 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium longum BG7, and 2 × 108 CFU of Bacillus coagulans SANK70258 in lactating women who exhibited allergies for 2 months (1–3 months postpartum); we also evaluated the effects of probiotic supplementation on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in human milk. Participants self-selected to join the probiotic (n = 41; age [median (interquartile range [IQR]), y] 33 [27–39], body mass index [BMI] [median (IQR), kg/m2] 21.8 [19.5–22.8]) or no supplementation control group (n = 19; age [median (IQR), y] 33 [23–43], BMI [median (IQR), kg/m2) 19.6 [18.4–22.1]). Probiotics (three tablets) received were taken as daily supplements. Milk samples were collected at 1, 2, and 3 months postpartum, and TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IgA levels were measured. Results: No adverse effects were observed in the probiotic group, according to the self-recorded diary during the study period. Milk IgA decreased with increasing postpartum months in both groups. In contrast, TGF- β1 and β2 were not affected by lactation periods, and showed different patterns over time between the two groups. TGF-β1, TGF-β1, and IgA levels were significantly correlated at baseline (respectively p < 0.05). However, the correlation between TGF-β1 and IgA became non-significant by the end of the intervention (p = 0.063). Conclusion: Altogether, probiotic supplementation was tolerated with respect to no dropout and 91.5% adherence. Although probiotic supplementation might affect human milk TGF-β levels, a positive effect of probiotic supplementation was not entirely supported. Future placebo-controlled studies are needed to further support the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation. Clinical Trial Registration:www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/, identifier: UMIN000036059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fukudome
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Taku Nakano
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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11
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Matsuzawa T, Nakamura Y, Ogawa Y, Ishimaru K, Goshima F, Shimada S, Nakao A, Kawamura T. Differential Day-Night Outcome to HSV-2 Cutaneous Infection. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:233-236. [PMID: 28842321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Matsuzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumi Goshima
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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12
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Oh-oka K, Kojima Y, Uchida K, Yoda K, Ishimaru K, Nakajima S, Hemmi J, Kano H, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Katoh R, Ito H, Nakao A. Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Mesalamine by Activating the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:135-151. [PMID: 28593185 PMCID: PMC5453907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mesalamine is a first-line drug for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a potential role in suppressing IBD. This study determined whether the anti-inflammatory activity of mesalamine is related to Treg induction in the colon. METHODS We examined the frequencies of Tregs in the colons of wild-type mice, mice deficient for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR-/- mice), and bone marrow-chimeric mice lacking AhR in hematopoietic cells (BM-AhR-/- mice), following oral treatment with mesalamine. We also examined the effects of mesalamine on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression in the colon. RESULTS Treatment of wild-type mice with mesalamine increased the accumulation of Tregs in the colon and up-regulated the AhR target gene Cyp1A1, but this effect was not observed in AhR-/- or BM-AhR-/- mice. In addition, mesalamine promoted in vitro differentiation of naive T cells to Tregs, concomitant with AhR activation. Mice treated with mesalamine exhibited increased levels of the active form of TGF-β in the colon in an AhR-dependent manner and blockade of TGF-β signaling suppressed induction of Tregs by mesalamine in the colon. Furthermore, mice pretreated with mesalamine acquired resistance to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of mesalamine for colitis: induction of Tregs in the colon via the AhR pathway, followed by TGF-β activation.
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Key Words
- AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
- BM, bone marrow
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LPL, lamina propria lymphocytes
- MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes
- Mesalamine
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Q-PCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- Regulatory T Cells
- TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TGF-β
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- WT, wild-type
- XRE, xenobiotic responsive element
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oh-oka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Kojima
- The Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yoda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun Hemmi
- Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kano
- Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Atsuhito Nakao, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. fax: 81-55-273-9542.Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Yamanashi1110, ShimokatoChuoYamanashi 409-3898Japan
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Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Shibata S, Nakao A. Regulation of plasma histamine levels by the mast cell clock and its modulation by stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39934. [PMID: 28074918 PMCID: PMC5225447 DOI: 10.1038/srep39934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At steady state, plasma histamine levels exhibit circadian variations with nocturnal peaks, which is implicated in the nighttime exacerbation of allergic symptoms. However, the regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. This study determined how steady-state plasma histamine levels are regulated and affected by environmental factors. We found that plasma histamine levels decreased in mast cell–deficient mice and their circadian variations were lost in mast cell–deficient mice reconstituted with bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) harboring a mutation in the circadian gene Clock. Clock temporally regulates expression of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), which is involved in histamine transport, in mast cells; OCT inhibition abolished circadian variations in plasma histamine levels. Mice housed under aberrant light/dark conditions or suffering from restraint stress exhibited de-synchronization of the mast cell clockwork, concomitant with the loss of circadian variations in OCT3 expression and plasma histamine levels. The degree of compound 48/80–induced plasma extravasation in mice was correlated with plasma histamine levels. Collectively, the mast cell clock mediates circadian regulation of plasma histamine levels at steady state, in part by controlling OCT3 expression, which can be modulated by stress. Additionally, we propose that plasma histamine levels potentiate mast cell–mediated allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Igarashi S, Suzuki K, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Fukano C, Masuyama K, Ohashi-Doi K, Nakao A. The Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis May Vary with the Time of Day. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:111-118. [DOI: 10.1159/000450954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Ando N, Nakamura Y, Aoki R, Ishimaru K, Shimada S, Nakao A. Circadian gene clock regulates psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. J Dermatol Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Nakamura Y, Nakano N, Ishimaru K, Ando N, Katoh R, Suzuki-Inoue K, Koyanagki S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Nakao A. Inhibition of IgE-mediated allergic reactions by pharmacologically targeting the circadian clock. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1226-1235. [PMID: 26559325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock temporally gates signaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) in mast cells, thereby generating a marked day/night variation in allergic reactions. Thus manipulation of the molecular clock in mast cells might have therapeutic potential for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. OBJECTIVE We determined whether pharmacologically resetting the molecular clock in mast cells or basophils to times when FcεRI signaling was reduced (ie, when core circadian protein period 2 [PER2] is upregulated) resulted in suppression of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. METHODS We examined the effects of PF670462, a selective inhibitor of the key clock component casein kinase 1δ/ε, or glucocorticoid, both of which upregulated PER2 in mast cells, on IgE-mediated allergic reactions both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PF670462 or corticosterone (or dexamethasone) suppressed IgE-mediated allergic reactions in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells or basophils and passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in mice in association with increased PER2 levels in mast cells or basophils. PF670462 or dexamethasone also ameliorated allergic symptoms in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis and downregulated allergen-specific basophil reactivity in patients with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION Pharmacologically resetting the molecular clock in mast cells or basophils to times when FcεRI signaling is reduced can inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions. The results suggest a new strategy for controlling IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Additionally, this study suggests a novel mechanism underlying the antiallergic actions of glucocorticoids that relies on the circadian clock, which might provide a novel insight into the pharmacology of this drug in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Noriko Ando
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan; Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ando N, Nakamura Y, Aoki R, Ishimaru K, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Shimada S, Nakao A. Circadian Gene Clock Regulates Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3001-3008. [PMID: 26291684 PMCID: PMC4653315 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are several reports suggesting that the pathophysiology of psoriasis may be associated with aberrant circadian rhythms. However, the mechanistic link between psoriasis and the circadian time-keeping system, “the circadian clock,” remains unclear. This study determined whether the core circadian gene, Clock, had a regulatory role in the development of psoriasis. For this purpose, we compared the development of psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by the Toll-like receptor 7 ligand imiquimod (IMQ) between wild-type mice and mice with a loss-of-function mutation of Clock. We also compared the development of IMQ-induced dermatitis between wild-type mice and mice with a loss-of-function mutation of Period2 (Per2), another key circadian gene that inhibits CLOCK activity. We found that Clock mutation ameliorated IMQ-induced dermatitis, whereas the Per2 mutation exaggerated IMQ-induced dermatitis, when compared with wild-type mice associated with decreased or increased IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression in γ/δ+ T cells, respectively. In addition, CLOCK directly bound to the promoter of IL-23R in γ/δ+ T cells, and IL-23R expression in the mouse skin was under circadian control. These findings suggest that Clock is a novel regulator of psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice via direct modulation of IL-23R expression in γ/δ+ T cells, establishing a mechanistic link between psoriasis and the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ando
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Rui Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan; Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Ando N, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shimada S, Nakao A. Allergen-specific basophil reactivity exhibits daily variations in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2015; 70:319-22. [PMID: 25443426 PMCID: PMC4357461 DOI: 10.1111/all.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It remains poorly understood how symptoms in allergic rhinitis are most severe during overnight or early in the morning. The circadian clock consisting of a network of several ‘clock genes’ including Clock drives daily rhythms in physiology. This study showed that allergen-induced surface CD203c expression on basophils in seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation associated with temporal variations in canonical circadian clock gene expression. We also found that bone-marrow-derived basophils (BM basophils) generated from wild-type mice exhibited a time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated IL-4 and histamine production, which was not observed in BM basophils generated from Clock-mutated mice. Therefore, allergen-specific basophil reactivity shows daily variations depending on the circadian clock activity in basophils, which could partly explain temporal symptomatic variations in allergic rhinitis. Additionally, circadian variations in CD203c expression should be considered for interpretation of this biomarker in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ando
- Department of Dermatology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - K. Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - H. Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Shimada
- Department of Dermatology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
| | - A. Nakao
- Department of Immunology University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi Japan
- Atopy Research Center Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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Aihara Y, Oh-oka K, Kondo N, Sharma J, Ishimaru K, Hara M, Yamagata Z, Nakao A. Comparison of colostrum TGF-β2 levels between lactating women in Japan and Nepal. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2014; 32:178-84. [PMID: 25003733 DOI: 10.12932/ap0367.32.2.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal milk-borne transforming growth factor (TGF-β plays a potential role in the development of the mucosal immune system in infants. However, it remains unclear what factors determine TGF-β levels in breast milk. We hypothesized that microbial pressures during pregnancy might affect the expression levels of TGF-β in colostrum. OBJECTIVE This study compared TGF-β2 levels in colostrum of lactating women living in Japan and Nepal with contrasting hygiene statuses. Additionally, we identified environmental and intrinsic factors influencing TGF-β levels in colostrum. METHODS Breast milk samples and structured questionnaires were collected from 80 women living in Japan and 208 women living in Nepal. A robust regression model was used to identify factors associated with colostral TGF-β levels. RESULTS Analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test showed that TGF-β levels were significantly higher in Japanese women than in Nepalese women. Japanese women who consumed animal milk daily during pregnancy and had atopic dermatitis expressed lower levels of TGF-β in colostrum, as compared to Japanese women who did not. Among Nepalese women, large family size and higher birth order were associated with lower TGF-β levels and women who gave birth to infants with low birth weight had higher expression of TGF-β levels in milk than women who gave birth to infants with normal birth weight. CONCLUSION The results suggest that induction of TGF-β levels in colostrum depends on differences in the ethnicity of lactating women. Consumption of animal protein and parturition characteristics may affect TGF-β levels in breast milk, and may explain differences in these levels in breast milk between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Aihara
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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Ishimaru K, Kamezono Y, Teshima S, Hayashi Y. Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-3-Ketobutylideneβ-Maltopentaoside, a Substrate forα-Amylase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 56:1552-6. [PMID: 1369056 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.56.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A transglycosylation reaction with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-maltoside as an acceptor was done with 4,6-O-3-ketobutylidene maltopentaose and Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in an aqueous solution containing 50% n-propanol, and there were two main transglycosylation products. They were identified as 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-3-ketobutylidene beta-maltopentaoside and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-3-ketobutylidene beta-maltohexaoside, and their yields were 30% and 21% respectively on the basis of the decrease of 4,6-O-3-ketobutylidene maltopentaose. For the production of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-3-ketobutylidene beta-maltopentaoside at high substrates concentrations, the addition of n-propanol in this reaction not only increased the solubility of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-maltoside sufficiently but also suppressed side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishimaru
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishimaru
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
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Aihara Y, Oh-oka K, Kondo N, Sharma J, Shrestha NC, Ishimaru K, Hara M, Yamagata Z, Nakao A. Residential area, birth order, and dietary habit may influence TSLP levels in colostrum: comparative study between Japan and Nepal. Allergol Int 2014; 63:283-5. [PMID: 24662802 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-le-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Aihara
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oh-oka
- Department of Immunology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Narayan C Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikel, Nepal
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Oh-oka K, Kono H, Ishimaru K, Miyake K, Kubota T, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Nakao A. Expressions of tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 are under the circadian control in the mouse large intestine: implications in intestinal permeability and susceptibility to colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98016. [PMID: 24845399 PMCID: PMC4028230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The circadian clock drives daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. A recent study suggests that intestinal permeability is also under control of the circadian clock. However, the precise mechanisms remain largely unknown. Because intestinal permeability depends on tight junction (TJ) that regulates the epithelial paracellular pathway, this study investigated whether the circadian clock regulates the expression levels of TJ proteins in the intestine. Methods The expression levels of TJ proteins in the large intestinal epithelium and colonic permeability were analyzed every 4, 6, or 12 hours between wild-type mice and mice with a mutation of a key clock gene Period2 (Per2; mPer2m/m). In addition, the susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was compared between wild-type mice and mPer2m/m mice. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 exhibited daily variations in the colonic epithelium in wild-type mice, whereas they were constitutively high in mPer2m/m mice. Colonic permeability in wild-type mice exhibited daily variations, which was inversely associated with the expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 proteins, whereas it was constitutively low in mPer2m/m mice. mPer2m/m mice were more resistant to the colonic injury induced by DSS than wild-type mice. Conclusions Occludin and Claudin-1 expressions in the large intestine are under the circadian control, which is associated with temporal regulation of colonic permeability and also susceptibility to colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oh-oka
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- The First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Nakamura Y, Nakano N, Ishimaru K, Hara M, Ikegami T, Tahara Y, Katoh R, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shibata S, Nishiyama C, Nakao A. Circadian regulation of allergic reactions by the mast cell clock in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:568-75. [PMID: 24060274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains elusive how allergic symptoms exhibit prominent 24-hour variations. In mammals the circadian clocks present in nearly all cells, including mast cells, drive the daily rhythms of physiology. Recently, we have shown that the circadian clocks drive the daily rhythms in IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. However, the precise mechanisms, particularly the specific roles of the mast cell-intrinsic clockwork in temporal regulation, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We determined whether the mast cell clockwork contributes to the temporal regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. METHODS The kinetics of a time of day-dependent variation in passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions were compared between mast cell-deficient mice reconstituted with bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells generated from mice with a wild-type allele and a dominant negative type mutation of the key clock gene Clock. We also examined the temporal responses of wild-type and Clock-mutated bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells to IgE stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, factors influencing the mast cell clockwork were determined by using in vivo imaging. RESULTS The Clock mutation in mast cells resulted in the absence of temporal variations in IgE-mediated degranulation in mast cells both in vivo and in vitro associated with the loss of temporal regulation of FcεRI expression and signaling. Additionally, adrenalectomy abolished the mast cell clockwork in vivo. CONCLUSION The mast cell-intrinsic clockwork, entrained by humoral factors from the adrenal gland, primarily contributes to the temporal regulation of IgE/mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for IgE-mediated mast cell responses that might underlie the circadian pathophysiology in patients with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ikegami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Okada Y, Oh-oka K, Nakamura Y, Ishimaru K, Matsuoka S, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Hisamoto M, Okuda T, Nakao A. Dietary resveratrol prevents the development of food allergy in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44338. [PMID: 22962611 PMCID: PMC3433457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is a bioactive polyphenol enriched in red wine that exhibits many beneficial health effects via multiple mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether resveratrol is beneficial for the prevention of food allergy. This study investigated whether resveratrol inhibited the development of food allergy by using a mouse model of the disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Mice fed standard diet or standard diet plus resveratrol were sensitized by intragastric administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Several manifestations of food allergy were then compared between the mice. The effects of resveratrol on T cells or dendritic cells were also examined by using splenocytes from OVA-specific T cell-receptor (TCR) transgenic DO11.10 mice or mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. We found that mice fed resveratrol showed reduced OVA-specific serum IgE production, anaphylactic reaction, and OVA-induced IL-13 and IFN-ã production from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleens in comparison to the control mice, following oral sensitization with OVA plus CT. In addition, resveratrol inhibited OVA plus CT-induced IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-ã production in splenocytes from DO11.10 mice associated with inhibition of GATA-3 and T-bet expression. Furthermore, resveratrol suppressed the OVA plus CT-induced CD25 expression and IL-2 production in DO11.10 mice-splenocytes in association with decreases in CD80 and CD86 expression levels. Finally, resveratrol suppressed CT-induced cAMP elevation in association with decreases in CD80 and CD86 expression levels in BMDCs. Conclusions/Significance Ingestion of resveratrol prevented the development of a food allergy model in mice. Given the in vitro findings, resveratrol might do so by inhibiting DC maturation and subsequent early T cell activation and differentiation via downregulation of CT-induced cAMP activation in mice. These results suggest that resveratrol may have potential for prophylaxis against food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Okada
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Koufu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oh-oka
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishimaru
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsuoka
- Deparment of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hisamoto
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Koufu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tohru Okuda
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Koufu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kondo N, Suda Y, Nakao A, Oh-Oka K, Suzuki K, Ishimaru K, Sato M, Tanaka T, Nagai A, Yamagata Z. Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta in breast milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:853-61. [PMID: 21929601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines in breast milk may play crucial roles in the beneficial effects of breastfeeding in protecting against allergic and infectious diseases in infants. In particular, breast milk-borne transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has an important potential role in developing the mucosal immune system in infants. However, little is known about what factors influence TGF-β expression in human milk. We investigated whether the behavioral and psychosocial characteristics of mothers affect breast milk TGF-β levels. METHODS We conducted a survey of all 139 mothers who were lactating between February and October 2010 in Koshu City, Japan. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided breast milk at the health checkups for their 3-month-old child (N = 129, 93%). Breast milk was assayed for total TGF-β2 levels by ELISA. We took an exploratory approach based on linear and ordered logistic regressions to model TGF-β2 concentrations with their multiple potential determinants. RESULTS Mothers with depression or poor self-rated health had higher TGF-β2 concentrations than mothers without depression (odds ratio for a higher TGF-β2 quartile: 3.11, 95% confidence intervals: 1.03-9.37) or those reporting better health (odds ratio: 2.34, 1.21-4.55). Smoking, drinking alcohol, probiotics supplementation, social support, and maternal history of allergic diseases were not associated with milk TGF-β2 levels. Milk gathered between August and October or later in the afternoon (3-4 pm vs. 12-2 pm) contained less TGF-β2. CONCLUSION Depression, as the consequence of psychosocial stress, may be a strong determinant of TGF-β levels in breast milk. Seasonal and daily fluctuations in milk TGF-β2 concentrations warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-Shi, Japan.
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Ogawa K, Ishimaru K, Shirakashi S, Takami I, Grabner D. Cardicola opisthorchis n. sp. (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) from the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844), cultured in Japan. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Harama D, Shimokawa N, Hara M, Suzuki R, Tahara Y, Ishimaru K, Katoh R, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Shibata S, Nakao A. Circadian clock gene Period2 regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1038-45.e1-3. [PMID: 21458659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated immediate-type skin reaction shows a diurnal rhythm, although the precise mechanisms remain uncertain. Period2 (Per2) is a key circadian gene that is essential for endogenous clockworks in mammals. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether Per2 regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated immediate-type skin reaction. METHODS The kinetics of a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction were compared between wild-type mice and mice with a loss-of-function mutation of Per2 (mPer2(m/m) mice). The effects of adrenalectomy, aging, and dexamethasone on the kinetics of a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction were also examined. In addition, the extent of IgE-mediated degranulation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) was compared between wild-type and mPer2(m/m) mice. RESULTS A time-of-day-dependent variation in a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction observed in wild-type mice was absent in mPer2(m/m) mice and in adrenalectomized and aged mice associated with the loss of rhythmic secretion of corticosterone. In addition, mPer2(m/m) mice showed decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on the passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. IgE-mediated degranulation in BMMCs was comparable between wild-type and mPer2(m/m) mice, but Per2 mutation decreased sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on IgE-mediated degranulation in BMMCs. CONCLUSION A circadian oscillator, Per2, regulates a time-of-day-dependent variation in a passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice. Per2 may do so by controlling the rhythmic secretion of glucocorticoid from adrenal glands and/or by gating the glucocorticoid responses of mast cells to certain times of the day (possibly when Per2 levels are high in mast cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
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Kawata H, Kishimoto H, Iwai S, Ishimaru K, Saito T, Kayatani F, Inamura N, Hamamichi Y, Kawada Y, Nasuno S, Maekawa S. [Long term outcome of arterial switch surgery for transposition of the great arteries: evaluation of the reconstruction of the pulmonary artery]. Kyobu Geka 2008; 61:303-309. [PMID: 18411694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of reconstructing the pulmonary artery during arterial switch surgery for transposition of the great arteries on late pulmonary stenosis. Sixty-five patients who underwent Lecompte procedure between September 1991 and December 2006 were divided, by the procedure used chronologically to reconstruct the pulmonary artery, into group XP (single pantaloon patch with equine pericardium, n = 11), group P (direct reconstruction, n = 47), and group AP (single pantaloon patch with fresh autopericardium, n = 7). Outcome and pulmonary stenosis on the most recent ultrasound cardiography (UCG) were compared in the 3 groups. The median follow-up was 13, 7.5, and 1.3 years, respectively. Both early and late mortalities were 1.5% (1/65). Although percutaneous trans-pulmonary angioplasty was necessary in 1, 13, and 3 patients, there was 1, 1, and 0 reoperation for pulmonary stenosis in the 3 groups, respectively. Pulmonary stenosis (pulmonary arterial maximum flow velocity > 3 m/sec on UCG) was present in 4 (40%). 14 (30%). and 3 patients (43%). Although there was no significant difference among the 3 procedures in preventing pulmonary stenosis 10 years after arterial switch surgery, direct reconstruction of the pulmonary artery may show a superior outcome, in particular, over 10 years after arterial switch surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kawata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
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Madoka Y, Kashiwagi T, Hirotsu N, Ishimaru K. Indian rice "Kasalath" contains genes that improve traits of Japanese premium rice "Koshihikari". Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:603-12. [PMID: 18097643 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), in which chromosomal segments of the Indian landrace "Kasalath" replace the corresponding endogenous segments in the genome of the Japanese premium rice "Koshihikari", are available and together cover the entire genome. Chromosome regions affecting a trait (CRATs) can be identified by comparison of phenotypes with genotypes of CSSLs. We detected 99 CRATs for 15 agronomic or morphological traits. "Kasalath" had positively acting alleles in 53 CRATs. Its CRATs increased panicle number per plant by up to 23.3%, grain number per panicle by up to 30.8%, and total grain number by up to 15.1%, relative to "Koshihikari". CRATs were identified for grain size (grain thickness and width), with positive effects of about 5.0%. A CRAT on chromosome 8 almost doubled the weight of roots in uppermost soil layers compared to "Koshihikari". Additionally, "Kasalath" possessed CRATs for higher lodging resistance (reduction in plant height and increase in stem diameter). In some cases, multiple CRATs were detected in the same chromosome regions. Therefore, CSSLs with these chromosome segments might be useful breeding materials for the simultaneous improvement of multiple traits. Five CRATs, one for plant height on chromosome 1, one for stem diameter on chromosome 8, and three for heading date on chromosomes 6, 7, and 8 overlapped with the corresponding QTLs that already had been mapped with back-crossed inbred lines of "Nipponbare" and "Kasalath". In both "Koshihikari" CRATs and "Nipponbare" QTLs, "Kasalath" had similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Madoka
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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Inuzuka K, Unno N, Mitsuoka H, Yamamoto N, Ishimaru K, Sagara D, Suzuki M, Konno H. Intraoperative Monitoring of Penile and Buttock Blood Flow During Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 31:359-65. [PMID: 16364666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvic circulation during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with a new monitoring system measuring penile and buttock blood flow. METHODS We measured penile brachial pressure index (PBI) during EVAR by pulse-volume-plethysmography (form PWV/ABItrade mark). We also measured bilateral gluteal tissue oxygen metabolism with near-infrared spectroscopy to provide a gluteal tissue oxygenation index (TOI). Twenty-two men who underwent aortouni-iliac stentgraft with crossover bypass for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm were studied. Twelve patients underwent aorto-uni-common iliac artery stentgraft (CIA) and ten underwent aorto-uni-external iliac artery stentgraft (EIA). RESULTS In all patients, there was an immediate reduction in PBI during the EVAR procedure. After revascularization of the ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the recovery of PBI was significantly less in EIA group. After the completion of crossover bypass, PBI in both groups recovered to the baseline values. In both groups there was a bilateral reduction in gluteal TOI during malperfusion of the internal iliac artery. After revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft, the ipsilateral TOI recovered to the baseline level in CIA patients, but recovery was incomplete in EIA patients. In contrast, contra-lateral TOI remained low in both groups after revascularization of ipsilateral limb of the stent graft. Only after completion of crossover bypass did the contra-lateral TOI recover to baseline level in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both TOI at the buttocks and PBI are a sensitive reflection of pelvic haemodynamics. Penile blood flow and bilateral gluteal blood flow are supplied via different circulations and both should be monitored for full assessment of the pelvic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inuzuka
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemorrhage from meningiomas is rare and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be determined. We sought to identify these mechanisms by studying clinical and histological records of 6 meningioma patients treated at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 6 patients with meningiomas whose acute onset was due to haemorrhage. We evaluated clinical features and imaging studies. The vascularity and proliferative nature of these tumours were examined immunohistochemically and tissue factor (TF) immunoreactivity was assessed. For comparison we evaluated 25 non-haemorrhagic meningiomas. FINDINGS At onset, the haemorrhages mimicked stroke in all 6 patients. On imaging studies, 3 of the haemorrhages were intra- and extratumoural, the other 3 were extratumoural only. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI was a characteristic of these meningiomas. Histologically, they were of 3 subtypes, meningothelial (n=3), transitional (n=2), and anaplastic (n=1). The MIB-1 labelling index of the 5 WHO Grade I meningiomas was 5.8+/-2.2. The mean number of CD31-positive blood vessels did not differ in haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic meningiomas. The TF-positivity rate of haemorrhagic meningiomas was higher than of non-haemorrhagic meningiomas. INTERPRETATION The proliferative nature of the meningiomas and TF expression in tumour cells may have contributed to the eventual haemorrhage of the meningiomas in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Fujimura T, Tsuchiya M, Koizumi T, Ishimaru K, Kojima T. Synthesis and fluorescence in solution of polybenzimidazolylphenylenephthalamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shimoyama R, Nakase T, Kojima S, Tanaka S, Yamamori K, Kaneko C, Ishimaru K, Ikeda H. Donor selection in Japan: a trial of new criteria with predonation haemoglobin testing. Vox Sang 2002; 82:72-5. [PMID: 11906670 DOI: 10.1046/j.0042-9007.2001.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In Japan, eligibility for blood donation depends on blood specific gravity, which does not directly measure blood haemoglobin. Additionally, the criteria are not based on normal values. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of predonation screening by using actual haemoglobin levels, and adopted a new criterion based on the normal range for men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a portable device, we measured haemoglobin in 1032 prospective blood donors, then applied this method to all blood donations. The criterion for men was set at the 95th percentile of haemoglobin distribution, namely 13.0 g/dl and 13.5 g/dl, respectively, for 200-ml and 400-ml donations. That for women remained unchanged. RESULTS The percentage of men ineligible by these criteria increased from 0.6 to 1.5%, while that of women decreased from 16.5 to 14.6%. Donors with abnormal haemoglobin levels were referred to hospitals. CONCLUSION Predonation measurement of haemoglobin concentration, combined with the referral of those with abnormal values, provided a health benefit to that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shimoyama
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Centre, Yamanote, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ishimaru K, Hirose T, Aoki N, Takahashi S, Ono K, Yamamoto S, Wu J, Saji S, Baba T, Ugaki M, Matsumoto T, Ohsugi R. Antisense expression of a rice sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Physiol 2001; 42:1181-5. [PMID: 11673635 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the function of a rice sucrose transporter, OsSUT1, by using antisense rice. There was no difference between antisense and wild-type plants in carbohydrate content and photosynthetic ability of the flag leaves in the vegetative growth stage, suggesting that OsSUT1 may not play an important role in carbon metabolism, at least in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishimaru
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan.
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Abstract
Two phenanthropyran derivatives, 3-methoxy-2,7-dihydroxy-5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran and 2,3,7-trihydroxy-5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran were isolated from the orchid Phalaenopsis equestri. Their chemical structures were elucidated from spectroscopic (NMR, MS etc.) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Manako
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, 840-8502, Saga, Japan
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Ishimaru K, Kobayashi N, Ono K, Yano M, Ohsugi R. Are contents of Rubisco, soluble protein and nitrogen in flag leaves of rice controlled by the same genetics? J Exp Bot 2001; 52:1827-1833. [PMID: 11520871 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/52.362.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic relations among the contents of Rubisco, soluble protein and total leaf nitrogen (N) in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis with a population of backcross inbred lines (BILs) of japonica Nipponbarexindica Kasalath. The ratio of Rubisco to total leaf N in leaves is the main target in improving photosynthetic N-use efficiency in plants. QTLs controlling Rubisco content were not detected near QTLs for total leaf N content. These results indicate that contents of Rubisco and total leaf N are controlled by different genetics. QTLs that controlled the ratio of Rubisco to total leaf N (CORNs) were detected. These results suggest that some mechanism(s) may be involved in determining this ratio, while the contents of Rubisco and total leaf N are controlled in other ways. In elite BILs, the ratios of Rubisco to total leaf N were higher than those of both parents. These results suggest a good possibility of improving N-use efficiency by CORNs in cultivated rice. A QTL controlling Rubisco content was mapped near a QTL for soluble protein content on chromosome 8 at 5 d after heading and on chromosome 9 at 25 d. In each chromosome region, the peaks of both QTLs overlapped accurately, giving a high possibility of pleiotropic effects by the same genes. Different QTLs controlling soluble protein or Rubisco were detected from those detected at 5 d or 25 d after heading. This suggests that these traits are genetically controlled depending on the growth stages of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishimaru
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
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Abstract
Immunohistochemical localization of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.1b subunit was studied in the cochlea. Intense Kv3.1b-like immunoreactivity was present in the type I, type III, type IV and suprastrial fibrocytes of the cochlear lateral wall. Immunostaining was also found in the interdental cells and the fibrocytes of the spiral limbus and in the supralimbal dark cells. K+ ions, which play a pivotal role in the mechanosensory transduction process in the inner ear, are recycled via gap junctional networks in the cochlea. These results suggest that the voltage-gated potassium channel, containing Kv3.1b, in the cochlear lateral wall fibrocytes may control the intracellular potential and play an important role in regulating the potassium ion recycling mechanism via gap junctions in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E So
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Tanaka N, Shimomura K, Ishimaru K. Ellagic acid formation from galloylglucoses by a crude enzyme of Cornus capitata adventitious roots. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:1869-71. [PMID: 11577731 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of acetone powder, which had been prepared from Cornus capitata 'Mountain Moon' adventitious roots, cultured in MS medium with a high concentration of Cu2+(10 microM), showed strong oxidative activity toward galloylglucoses. A compound formed from galloyglucoses, such as 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose and tannic acid, by the reaction with the crude enzyme solution of the adventitious roots was isolated and characterized as ellagic acid by spectrometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Japan.
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Tanaka N, Tanaka T, Fujioka T, Fujii H, Mihashi K, Shimomura K, Ishimaru K. An ellagic compound and iridoids from Cornus capitata root cultures. Phytochemistry 2001; 57:1287-1291. [PMID: 11454361 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ellagic acid derivative, 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4-(5"-acetyl)-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, and two iridoid glucosides, 6alpha-dihydrocornic acid and 6beta-dihydrocornic acid, were isolated from Cornus capitata adventitious roots cultured in Murashige-Skoog (Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473-487) liquid medium containing 10 microM CuSO(4). Three known related metabolites, i.e. stenophyllin H1, dihydrocornin and cornin were also produced in the root cultures. The chemical structures were characterized by analysis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, 840-8502, Saga, Japan.
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Abstract
Two new anthocyanins were isolated from purple pods of pea (Pisum spp.). Their structures were identified as delphinidin 3-xylosylgalactoside-5-acetylglucoside and its deacetylated derivative by the usual chemical degradation methods and by spectroscopic methods such as UV-VIS, MS and NMR. Both pigments showed moderate stability and antioxidative activity in a neutral aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Terahara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Minami-Kyushu University, Takanabe, Miyazaki, Japan.
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42
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Sha K, Shimokawa M, Ishimaru K, Kawaraguchi Y, Takahashi M, Yanaidani F, Kitaguchi K, Furuya H. [Differences in hemodynamic effects of amrinone, milrinone and olprinon after cardiopulmonary bypass in valvular cardiac surgery]. Masui 2000; 49:981-6. [PMID: 11025952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The differences in hemodynamic effects of amrinone, milrinone and olprinone were evaluated in 46 patients for valvular cardiac surgery after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients were randomly allocated to three groups; group A with amrinone infusion (17 patients); group M with milrinone infusion (15 patients); and group O with olprinone infusion (14 patients). Each drug was administrated as a single dose into the venous reservoir of the CPB circuit 15 min prior to the end of emergence from CPB, followed by continuous infusion. Hemodynamic parameters were measured at the time of preCPB (C0), just after the end of CPB (C1), one hour after the termination of CPB (C2) and after the chest closure (C3). Catecholamines were used in order of dopamine, norepinephrine and dobutamine. These doses were modulated to maintain the cardiac index > 3.0 l.min-1.m-2 by each anesthesiologist. Hemodynamic parameters (at C0, C1, C2 and C3) and the doses of cathecholamine (at C1, C2 and C3) were compared among the 3 drugs. The systolic blood pressure in group M was significantly higher than that of group A and group O after chest closure. In group M and A, the systolic blood pressure showed a significant increase after CPB. On the other hand, the systolic blood pressure showed no significant change in group O after CPB. Three drugs showed no significant difference in the dosages of catecholamines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara
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43
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Takahashi S, Ono K, Ugaki M, Ishimaru K, Aoki N, Ohsugi R. Ser162-Dependent inactivation of overproduced sucrose-phosphate synthase protein of maize leaf in transgenic rice plants. Plant Cell Physiol 2000; 41:977-81. [PMID: 11038058 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcd014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of Ser162 in phosphorylation-dependent regulation of maize sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activities in rice, transgenic rice plants expressing wild-type or mutagenized maize SPS were produced. Our results indicate that Ser162 was responsible for overproduction-induced inactivation of SPS protein and for light/ dark modulation of this protein in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Plant Physiology, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Iharaki, Japan.
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44
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Sentoku N, Taniguchi M, Sugiyama T, Ishimaru K, Ohsugi R, Takaiwa F, Toki S. Analysis of the transgenic tobacco plants expressing Panicum miliaceum aspartate aminotransferase genes. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:598-603. [PMID: 30754823 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Panicum miliaceum L. (proso millet) mitochondrial and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (mAspAT and cAspAT, respectively) genes in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) and their influences on protein synthesis were examined. The mAspAT- or cAspAT-transformed plants had about threefold or 3.5-fold higher AspAT activity in the leaf than non-transformed plants, respectively. Interestingly, the leaves of both transformed plants had increased levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and transformed plants with cAspAT also had increased levels of mAspAT in the leaf. These results suggest that the increased expression of Panicum cAspAT in transgenic tobacco enhances the expression of its endogenous mAspAT and PEPC, and the increased expression of Panicum mAspAT enhances the expression of its endogenous PEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sentoku
- Nagoya University, BioScience Center, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - M Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - T Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - K Ishimaru
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan e-mail: Fax: +81-298-388397, , , , , , JP
| | - R Ohsugi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan e-mail: Fax: +81-298-388397, , , , , , JP
| | - F Takaiwa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan e-mail: Fax: +81-298-388397, , , , , , JP
| | - S Toki
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan e-mail: Fax: +81-298-388397, , , , , , JP
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45
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46
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Kato T, Ishimaru K, Ikeda H. [P blood group system and P antibodies]. Nihon Rinsho 1999; 57 Suppl:603-5. [PMID: 10635923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center
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47
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Kiyono T, Nishiwaki M, Okuda K, Tsujitsuka K, Kano Y, Koga T, Ishimaru K, Goto T, Sumiyama M. [Successful treatment of pleuritis carcinomatosa using combination therapy of 5'-DFUR, MPA and CPA as maintenance therapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1999; 26:2087-90. [PMID: 10584577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A 44-year-old female patient with inoperable, local advanced left breast cancer was treated with 3 cycles of high dose CAF therapy followed by combination therapy of 5'-DFUR, MPA and CPA. The patient was discharged after receiving 3 cycles of high-dose CAF therapy and continued to receive daily oral doses of 5'-DFUR (800 mg), MPA (800 mg), and CPA (100 mg) for 15 months. After 3 cycles of high-dose CAF therapy, tumor marker (CEA, CA 15-3) levels were reduced. Six months later, after 3 cycles of high-dose CAF therapy, the tumor marker levels were within the normal range. No serious side effects were observed during chemotherapy. The patient enjoyed a good quality of life. We thus confirmed that this combination regimen was effective as a maintenance therapy for local advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiyono
- Dept. of Surgery, Hamamatsu Red Cross Hospital
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48
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Aoki N, Hirose T, Takahashi S, Ono K, Ishimaru K, Ohsugi R. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a gene for a sucrose transporter in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Cell Physiol 1999; 40:1072-8. [PMID: 10589520 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the cloning of a sucrose transporter cDNA from maize (Zea mays L.) and an analysis of the expression of the gene. A cDNA clone (ZmSUT1) was identified as a sucrose transporter cDNA from its sequence homology at the amino acid level to sucrose transporters that have been cloned from other higher plant species. Based on the results of genomic Southern hybridization, ZmSUT1 appears to be a single copy gene. A Northern blot analysis of seedlings and leaf blades suggests that the sucrose transporter is involved in the export of accumulated carbohydrates from source leaf blades. From the measurements of transcript levels and carbohydrate contents in mature leaf blades, we propose that the expression of the gene for the maize sucrose transporter is positively regulated by the amounts of soluble sugars such as sucrose and glucose in source leaves of maize. In addition, based on the tissue specificity of the expression of the gene in maize plants at the reproductive stage, it is possible that the sucrose transporter acts in sink tissues such as pedicles as well as in source tissues such as leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aoki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.
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49
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Kato T, Ishimaru K, Sekiguchi S. [Mistyping of ABO grouping by polyagglutination]. Nihon Rinsho 1997; 55:2378-84. [PMID: 9301304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyagglutination is a phenomenon that a sample of patient's red blood cells is agglutinated by most of normal human sera. In patients with bacterial infection or hematological diseases, red cells may become agglutinable due to an exposure of antigens (cryptoantigen) that are usually hidden as submembrane structures of normal red cells. Most of normal sera contain natural antibodies to the corresponding antigens. Polyagglutination can cause apparent discrepancies between ABO antigen and antibody tests with the patient's sample, resulting in mistyping of ABO grouping. In some cases, polyagglutination is observed only by the minor test of cross-matching without showing the discrepancies. Recently polyagglutination has been rarely seen probably because of increasing use of monoclonal antibodies and dispensing minor test for cross-matching. Because no obvious case of adverse reaction by polyagglutination through transfusion is recently reported, clinical significance of polyagglutination seems extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center
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50
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Kita K, Mashiba S, Nagita M, Ishimaru K, Okamoto K, Yanase H, Kato N. Cloning of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from a marine bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis AE122, and characterization of its gene product. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1352:113-22. [PMID: 9177489 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A DNA fragment that carries the gene coding for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Alcaligenes faecalis AE122 isolated from seawater. The open reading frame encoding the precursor of the PHB depolymerase was 1905 base pairs (bp) long, corresponding to a protein of 635 amino acid residues (M(r) = 65,208). The promoter site, which could be recognized by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, was upstream from the gene, and the sequence adhering to the ribosome-binding sequence was found in front of the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence agreed with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified PHB depolymerase from amino acid 28 onwards. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the domain structure of the protein; a signal peptide of 27 amino acids long was followed by a catalytic domain of about 400 amino acids, a fibronectin type III module sequence, and a putative substrate binding domain. The molecular mass (62,526) of the mature protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence was significantly lower than the value (95 kDa) estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but coincided well with the value (62,426) estimated from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectra. By comparison of the primary structure with those of other PHB depolymerases, the substrate binding domain was found to consist of two domains, PHB-specific and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)-specific ones, connected by a linker region. The PHB depolymerase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter. The enzyme expressed in E. coli was purified from culture broth and showed the same catalytic properties as the enzyme from A. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kita
- Department of Biotechnology, Tottori University, Koyama, Japan.
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