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Sahni SK, Fraker JL, Cornell LF, Klassen CL. Hormone therapy in women with benign breast disease - What little is known and suggestions for clinical implementation. Maturitas 2024; 185:107992. [PMID: 38705054 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Benign breast disease encompasses a spectrum of lesions within the breast. While some lesions pose no increase in risk, others may elevate the likelihood of developing breast cancer by four- to five-fold. This necessitates a personalized approach to screening and lifestyle optimization for women. The menopausal transition is a critical time for the development of benign breast lesions. Increased detection can be attributed to the heightened precision and utilization of screening mammography, with or without the use of supplemental imaging. While it is widely acknowledged that combined hormone therapy involving estrogen and progesterone may elevate the risk of breast cancer, data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) indicates that estrogen-alone therapies may actually reduce the overall risk of cancer. Despite this general understanding, there is a notable gap in information regarding the impact of hormone therapy on the risk profile of women with specific benign breast lesions. This review comprehensively examines various benign breast lesions, delving into their pathophysiology and management. The goal is to enhance our understanding of when and how to judiciously prescribe hormone therapy, particularly in the context of specific benign breast conditions. By bridging this knowledge gap, the review provides valuable insights into optimizing healthcare strategies for women with benign breast disease, and offers a foundation for more informed decision-making regarding hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K Sahni
- Jacoby Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road S. Jacksonville, FL 32221, USA.
| | - Jessica L Fraker
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, 13737 N. 92nd St. Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA.
| | - Lauren F Cornell
- Jacoby Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road S. Jacksonville, FL 32221, USA.
| | - Christine L Klassen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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2
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Barnes I, Garcia-Closas M, Gathani T, Sweetland S, Floud S, Reeves GK. A comparative analysis of risk factor associations with interval and screen-detected breast cancers: A large UK prospective study. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38669116 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The associations of certain factors, such as age and menopausal hormone therapy, with breast cancer risk are known to differ for interval and screen-detected cancers. However, the extent to which associations of other established breast cancer risk factors differ by mode of detection is unclear. We investigated associations of a wide range of risk factors using data from a large UK cohort with linkage to the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme, cancer registration, and other health records. We used Cox regression to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between risk factors and breast cancer risk. A total of 9421 screen-detected and 5166 interval cancers were diagnosed in 517,555 women who were followed for an average of 9.72 years. We observed the following differences in risk factor associations by mode of detection: greater body mass index (BMI) was associated with a smaller increased risk of interval (RR per 5 unit increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) than screen-detected cancer (RR 1.27, 1.23-1.30); having a first-degree family history was associated with a greater increased risk of interval (RR 1.81, 1.68-1.95) than screen-detected cancer (RR 1.52, 1.43-1.61); and having had previous breast surgery was associated with a greater increased risk of interval (RR 1.85, 1.72-1.99) than screen-detected cancer (RR 1.34, 1.26-1.42). As these differences in associations were relatively unchanged after adjustment for tumour grade, and are in line with the effects of these factors on mammographic density, they are likely to reflect the effects of these risk factors on screening sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Barnes
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Toral Gathani
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Siân Sweetland
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Floud
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Kim S, Mai Tran TX, Kim MK, Chung MS, Lee EH, Lee W, Park B. Associations between breast cancer risk factors and mammographic breast density in a large cross-section of Korean women. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00128. [PMID: 38375880 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between established risk factors for breast cancer and mammographic breast density in Korean women. METHODS This large cross-sectional study included 8 460 928 women aged >40 years, who were screened for breast cancer between 2009 and 2018. Breast density was assessed using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. This study used multiple logistic regression analyses of age, BMI, age at menarche, menopausal status, menopausal age, parity, breastfeeding status, oral contraceptive use, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, smoking, drinking and hormone replacement therapy use to investigate their associations with mammographic breast density. Analyses were performed using SAS software. RESULTS Of 8 460 928 women, 4 139 869 (48.9%) had nondense breasts and 4 321 059 (51.1%) had dense breasts. Factors associated with dense breasts were: earlier age at menarche [<15 vs. ≥15; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-1.18], premenopausal status (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 2.00-2.02), later age at menopause (≥52 vs. <52; aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.22-1.23), nulliparity (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.63-1.65), never breastfed (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.23-1.24) and use of hormone replacement therapy (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.28-1.29). Women with a higher BMI and the use of oral contraceptives were more likely to have nondense breasts. CONCLUSION Lower BMI, reproductive health and behavioral factors were associated with dense breasts in Korean women. Additional research should investigate the relationship between mammographic breast density, breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeoun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University
| | - Thi Xuan Mai Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University
| | - Min Sung Chung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon
| | - Woojoo Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bae SJ, Kim HJ, Kim HA, Ryu JM, Park S, Lee EG, Im SA, Jung Y, Park MH, Park KH, Kang SH, Park E, Kim SY, Lee MH, Kim LS, Lee A, Noh WC, Gwark S, Kim S, Jeong J. Breast density reduction as a predictor for prognosis in premenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: an exploratory analysis of the updated ASTRRA study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:934-942. [PMID: 38000057 PMCID: PMC10871609 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the relationship between mammographic breast density reduction (MDR) and endocrine therapy efficacy has been reported in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, it is still unclear in premenopausal women, especially in the case of adding ovarian function suppression (OFS) to antihormone therapy. The authors investigated the impact of MDR on prognosis stratified by treatment based on the updated results of the ASTRRA trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ASTRRA trial, a randomized phase III study, showed that adding OFS to tamoxifen (TAM) improved survival in premenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer after chemotherapy. The authors updated survival outcomes and assessed mammography before treatment and the annual follow-up mammography for up to 5 years after treatment initiation. Mammographic density (MD) was classified into four categories based on the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System. MDR-positivity was defined as a downgrade in MD grade on follow-up mammography up to 2 years after randomization, with pretreatment MD grade as a reference. RESULTS The authors evaluated MDR in 944 of the 1282 patients from the trial, and 813 (86.2%) had grade III or IV MD. There was no difference in the MDR-positivity rate between the two treatment groups [TAM-only group (106/476 (22.3%)) vs. TAM+OFS group (89/468 (19.0%)); P =0.217). MDR-positivity was significantly associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) in the TAM+OFS group (estimated 8-year DFS: 93.1% in MDR-positive vs. 82.0% in MDR-negative patients; HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85; P =0.019), but not in the TAM-only group ( Pinteraction =0.039). MDR-positive patients who received TAM+OFS had a favorable DFS compared to MDR-negative patients who received only TAM (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.70; P =0.005). CONCLUSION Although the proportion of MDR-positive patients was comparable between both treatment groups, MDR-positivity was independently associated with favorable outcomes only in the TAM+OFS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong June Bae
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital
- Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hee Jeong Kim
- Division of Breast, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
| | - Jai Min Ryu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Seho Park
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Department of internal medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology
| | | | - Eunhwa Park
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan
| | - Min Hyuk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Lee Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong
| | - Anbok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk Universitiy Medical Center
| | - Sungchan Gwark
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital
| | - Seonok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital
- Institute for Breast Cancer Precision Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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Atakpa EC, Buist DSM, Aiello Bowles EJ, Cuzick J, Brentnall AR. Development and evaluation of a method to assess breast cancer risk using a longitudinal history of mammographic density: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:147. [PMID: 38001476 PMCID: PMC10668455 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with dense breasts have an increased risk of breast cancer. However, breast density is measured with variability, which may reduce the reliability and accuracy of its association with breast cancer risk. This is particularly relevant when visually assessing breast density due to variation in inter- and intra-reader assessments. To address this issue, we developed a longitudinal breast density measure which uses an individual woman's entire history of mammographic density, and we evaluated its association with breast cancer risk as well as its predictive ability. METHODS In total, 132,439 women, aged 40-73 yr, who were enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Washington and had multiple screening mammograms taken between 1996 and 2013 were followed up for invasive breast cancer through 2014. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density was assessed at each screen. Continuous and derived categorical longitudinal density measures were developed using a linear mixed model that allowed for longitudinal density to be updated at each screen. Predictive ability was assessed using (1) age and body mass index-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for breast density (time-varying covariate), (2) likelihood-ratio statistics (ΔLR-χ2) and (3) concordance indices. RESULTS In total, 2704 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed during follow-up (median = 5.2 yr; median mammograms per woman = 3). When compared with an age- and body mass index-only model, the gain in statistical information provided by the continuous longitudinal density measure was 23% greater than that provided by BI-RADS density (follow-up after baseline mammogram: ΔLR-χ2 = 379.6 (degrees of freedom (df) = 2) vs. 307.7 (df = 3)), which increased to 35% (ΔLR-χ2 = 251.2 vs. 186.7) for follow-up after three mammograms (n = 76,313, 2169 cancers). There was a sixfold difference in observed risk between densest and fattiest eight-category longitudinal density (HR = 6.3, 95% CI 4.7-8.7), versus a fourfold difference with BI-RADS density (HR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.4-5.5). Discriminatory accuracy was marginally greater for longitudinal versus BI-RADS density (c-index = 0.64 vs. 0.63, mean difference = 0.008, 95% CI 0.003-0.012). CONCLUSIONS Estimating mammographic density using a woman's history of breast density is likely to be more reliable than using the most recent observation only, which may lead to more reliable and accurate estimates of individual breast cancer risk. Longitudinal breast density has the potential to improve personal breast cancer risk estimation in women attending mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Atakpa
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Diana S M Buist
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Jack Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Adam R Brentnall
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Boutas I, Kontogeorgi A, Koufopoulos NI, Pouliakis A, Dimitrakakis C, Dimas DT, Sitara K, Kalantaridou S, Durmusoglu F. The Correlation Between Progesterone and Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45597. [PMID: 37868563 PMCID: PMC10588543 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher mammographic breast density in premenopausal and postmenopausal women is related to a higher breast cancer risk. In this review, we analyze the correlation between estrogen, progesterone, and mammographic density in postmenopausal women and clarify whether these findings are consistent across different types of mammographic breast density. We extracted data concerning mammographic density increases in the populations treated with estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy and those treated with estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy. Postmenopausal women treated with estrogen and progesterone regimens had a statistically significant lesser mammographic density increase than estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamantia Kontogeorgi
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Constantine Dimitrakakis
- Breast Unit, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Kyparissia Sitara
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Elpis" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Fatih Durmusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
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Terry MB, Colditz GA. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: 21st Century Advances, Gaps to Address through Interdisciplinary Science. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041317. [PMID: 36781224 PMCID: PMC10513162 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Research methods to study risk factors and prevention of breast cancer have evolved rapidly. We focus on advances from epidemiologic studies reported over the past two decades addressing scientific discoveries, as well as their clinical and public health translation for breast cancer risk reduction. In addition to reviewing methodology advances such as widespread assessment of mammographic density and Mendelian randomization, we summarize the recent evidence with a focus on the timing of exposure and windows of susceptibility. We summarize the implications of the new evidence for application in risk stratification models and clinical translation to focus prevention-maximizing benefits and minimizing harm. We conclude our review identifying research gaps. These include: pathways for the inverse association of vegetable intake and estrogen receptor (ER)-ve tumors, prepubertal and adolescent diet and risk, early life adiposity reducing lifelong risk, and gaps from changes in habits (e.g., vaping, binge drinking), and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Chronic Disease Unit Leader, Department of Epidemiology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Associate Director, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abubakar M, Klein A, Fan S, Lawrence S, Mutreja K, Henry JE, Pfeiffer RM, Duggan MA, Gierach GL. Host, reproductive, and lifestyle factors in relation to quantitative histologic metrics of the normal breast. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:97. [PMID: 37582731 PMCID: PMC10426057 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data indicate that variations in quantitative epithelial and stromal tissue composition and their relative abundance in benign breast biopsies independently impact risk of future invasive breast cancer. To gain further insights into breast cancer etiopathogenesis, we investigated associations between epidemiological factors and quantitative tissue composition metrics of the normal breast. METHODS The study participants were 4108 healthy women ages 18-75 years who voluntarily donated breast tissue to the US-based Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank (KTB; 2008-2019). Using high-accuracy machine learning algorithms, we quantified the percentage of epithelial, stromal, adipose, and fibroglandular tissue, as well as the proportion of fibroglandular tissue that is epithelium relative to stroma (i.e., epithelium-to-stroma proportion, ESP) on digitized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained normal breast biopsy specimens. Data on epidemiological factors were obtained from participants using a detailed questionnaire administered at the time of tissue donation. Associations between epidemiological factors and square root transformed tissue metrics were investigated using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS With increasing age, the amount of stromal, epithelial, and fibroglandular tissue declined and adipose tissue increased, while that of ESP demonstrated a bimodal pattern. Several epidemiological factors were associated with individual tissue composition metrics, impacting ESP as a result. Compared with premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had lower ESP [β (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) = -0.28 (- 0.43, - 0.13); P < 0.001] with ESP peaks at 30-40 years and 60-70 years among pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. Pregnancy [β (95%CI) vs nulligravid = 0.19 (0.08, 0.30); P < 0.001] and increasing number of live births (P-trend < 0.001) were positively associated with ESP, while breastfeeding was inversely associated with ESP [β (95%CI) vs no breastfeeding = -0.15 (- 0.29, - 0.01); P = 0.036]. A positive family history of breast cancer (FHBC) [β (95%CI) vs no FHBC = 0.14 (0.02-0.26); P = 0.02], being overweight or obese [β (95%CI) vs normal weight = 0.18 (0.06-0.30); P = 0.004 and 0.32 (0.21-0.44); P < 0.001, respectively], and Black race [β (95%CI) vs White = 0.12 (- 0.005, 0.25); P = 0.06] were positively associated with ESP. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that cumulative exposure to etiological factors over the lifespan impacts normal breast tissue composition metrics, individually or jointly, to alter their dynamic equilibrium, with potential implications for breast cancer susceptibility and tumor etiologic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Shady Grove, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Alyssa Klein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Shady Grove, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Shaoqi Fan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Shady Grove, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Scott Lawrence
- Molecular and Digital Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Karun Mutreja
- Molecular and Digital Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jill E Henry
- Biospecimen Collection and Banking Core, Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Shady Grove, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Maire A Duggan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N2Y9, Canada
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Shady Grove, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
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Matou-Nasri S, Aldawood M, Alanazi F, Khan AL. Updates on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: From Risk Factors to Diagnosis, Biomarkers and Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2390. [PMID: 37510134 PMCID: PMC10378597 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually the most malignant and aggressive mammary epithelial tumor characterized by the lack of expression for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, and the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 amplification. Corresponding to 15-20% of all breast cancers and well-known by its poor clinical outcome, this negative receptor expression deprives TNBC from targeted therapy and makes its management therapeutically challenging. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common ageing metabolic disorder due to insulin deficiency or resistance resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Due to metabolic and hormonal imbalances, there are many interplays between both chronic disorders leading to increased risk of breast cancer, especially TNBC, diagnosed in T2DM patients. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information related to epidemiology and clinicopathological features, risk factors, diagnosis, biomarkers, and current therapy/clinical trials for TNBC patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic counterparts. Thus, in-depth investigation of the diabetic complications on TNBC onset, development, and progression and the discovery of biomarkers would improve TNBC management through early diagnosis, tailoring therapy for a better outcome of T2DM patients diagnosed with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of the School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030, USA
| | - Maram Aldawood
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Post Graduate and Zoology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Blood and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of the School for Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030, USA
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Tissue Biobank, KAIMRC, MNG-HA, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Manley K, Ryan N, Jenner A, Newton C, Hillard T. Counselling of path_ BRCA carriers who are considering risk-reducing oophorectomy. Post Reprod Health 2023; 29:42-52. [PMID: 36757900 DOI: 10.1177/20533691231156640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
path_BRCA 1/2 increases a woman's lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Interventions can be offered which manage cancer risk; annual breast screening from age 30, chemoprevention and, once a woman's family is complete, risk-reducing surgery. The latter is the most effective method of reducing cancer in path_BRCA carriers; salpingo-oophorectomy reduces breast and ovarian cancer, respectively, by up to 50% and 95%. Factors affecting a woman's decision to undergo risk-reducing surgery are complex; dominant factors include risks of surgery, effect on cancer outcomes and menopausal sequelae. Specific information relating to hormone replacement and non-hormonal alternatives are an important consideration for women but, are often overlooked. Informative counselling is required to enable satisfaction with the chosen intervention whilst improving survival outcomes. This review paper outlines the current data pertaining to these decision-making factors and provides a proforma to enable effective counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn Manley
- Department of Gynaecology, 1984University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Women's Health Sciences, 152004University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil Ryan
- The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Women's Health Sciences, 152004University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Abigail Jenner
- Department of Gynaecology, 1984University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Department of Oncology, 1556Royal United Hospitals Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Claire Newton
- Department of Gynaecology, 1984University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Women's Health Sciences, 152004University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy Hillard
- Department of Gynaecology, 6655University Hospitals Dorset, Poole, UK
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11
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Edmonds CE, O'Brien SR, Conant EF. Mammographic Breast Density: Current Assessment Methods, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2023; 44:35-45. [PMID: 36792272 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammographic breast density is widely accepted as an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. In addition, because dense breast tissue may mask breast malignancies, breast density is inversely related to the sensitivity of screening mammography. Given the risks associated with breast density, as well as ongoing efforts to stratify individual risk and personalize breast cancer screening and prevention, numerous studies have sought to better understand the factors that impact breast density, and to develop and implement reproducible, quantitative methods to assess mammographic density. Breast density assessments have been incorporated into risk assessment models to improve risk stratification. Recently, novel techniques for analyzing mammographic parenchymal complexity, or texture, have been explored as potential means of refining mammographic tissue-based risk assessment beyond breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Edmonds
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Sophia R O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily F Conant
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Kataoka M. Mammographic Density for Personalized Breast Cancer Risk. Radiology 2023; 306:e222129. [PMID: 36125381 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Kataoka
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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13
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Chalfant JS, Hoyt AC. Breast Density: Current Knowledge, Assessment Methods, and Clinical Implications. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2022; 4:357-370. [PMID: 38416979 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Breast density is an accepted independent risk factor for the future development of breast cancer, and greater breast density has the potential to mask malignancies on mammography, thus lowering the sensitivity of screening mammography. The risk associated with dense breast tissue has been shown to be modifiable with changes in breast density. Numerous studies have sought to identify factors that influence breast density, including age, genetic, racial/ethnic, prepubertal, adolescent, lifestyle, environmental, hormonal, and reproductive history factors. Qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative methods of breast density assessment have been developed, but to date there is no consensus assessment method or reference standard for breast density. Breast density has been incorporated into breast cancer risk models, and there is growing consciousness of the clinical implications of dense breast tissue in both the medical community and public arena. Efforts to improve breast cancer screening sensitivity for women with dense breasts have led to increased attention to supplemental screening methods in recent years, prompting the American College of Radiology to publish Appropriateness Criteria for supplemental screening based on breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Chalfant
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Radiological Sciences, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Anne C Hoyt
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Radiological Sciences, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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14
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Kim SI, Park SH, Na W, Shin YC, Oh MS, Sim YE, Zheng Y, Kim AH, Kang IJ, Kang YH. Dietary Collagen Hydrolysates Retard Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss through Blocking Osteoclastic Activation and Enhancing Osteoblastic Matrix Mineralization. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061382. [PMID: 35740404 PMCID: PMC9219917 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis manifest in postmenopausal women is an osteolytic disease characterized by bone loss, leading to increased susceptibility to bone fractures and frailty. The use of complementary therapies to alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis is fairly widespread among women. The current study examined that Pangasius hypophthalmus fish skin collagen hydrolysates (fsCH) inhibited ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss by conducting inter-comparative experiments for anti-osteoporotic activity among 206–618 mg/kg fsCH, 2 mg/kg isoflavone, 15 mg/kg glycine–proline–hydroxyproline (GPH) tripeptide, and calcium lactate. Surgical estrogen loss of mice for 8 weeks reduced serum 17β-estradiol levels with uterus atrophy, which was ameliorated by orally administering fsCH or isoflavone to mice. Similar to isoflavone, fsCH containing GPH-enhanced bone mineral density reduced levels of cathepsin K and proton-handling proteins, and elevated collagen 1 level in OVX bones. The treatment with fsCH and isoflavone enhanced the serum levels of collagen synthesis-related procollagen type 1 carboxy/amino-terminal propeptides reduced by OVX, whereas serum levels of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, as well as collagen breakdown-related carboxy/amino-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen were reduced in OVX mice treated with fsCH, isoflavone, and calcium lactate. The trabecular bones were newly formed in OVX bones treated with isoflavone and fsCH, but not with calcium lactate. However, a low-dose combination of fsCH and calcium lactate had a beneficial synergy effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, similar to isoflavone, 15–70 μg/mL fsCH, with its constituents of GPH and dipeptides of glycine–proline and proline–hydroxyproline, enhanced osteogenesis through stimulating differentiation, matrix mineralization, and calcium deposition of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Accordingly, the presence of fsCH may encumber estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss through enhancing osteoclastogenic differentiation and matrix collagen synthesis. Therefore, fsCH may be a natural compound retarding postmenopausal osteoporosis and pathological osteoresorptive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Woojin Na
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Yong Chul Shin
- Amicogen Inc., Healthcare & Nutrition Lab., Jinju 52840, Korea; (Y.C.S.); (A.H.K.)
| | - Moon-Sik Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Young Eun Sim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Ae Hyang Kim
- Amicogen Inc., Healthcare & Nutrition Lab., Jinju 52840, Korea; (Y.C.S.); (A.H.K.)
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-I.K.); (S.-H.P.); (W.N.); (M.-S.O.); (Y.E.S.); (Y.Z.); (I.-J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Acheampong T, Lee Argov EJ, Terry MB, Rodriguez CB, Agovino M, Wei Y, Athilat S, Tehranifar P. Current regular aspirin use and mammographic breast density: a cross-sectional analysis considering concurrent statin and metformin use. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:363-371. [PMID: 35022893 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin is an agent of interest for breast cancer prevention. However, it is unclear if aspirin affects mammographic breast density (MBD), a marker of elevated breast cancer risk, particularly in the context of concurrent use of medications indicated for common cardiometabolic conditions, which may also be associated with MBD. METHODS We used data from the New York Mammographic Density Study for 770 women age 40-60 years old with no history of breast cancer. We evaluated the association between current regular aspirin use and MBD, using linear regression for continuous measures of absolute and percent dense areas and absolute non-dense area, adjusted for body mass index (BMI), sociodemographic and reproductive factors, and use of statins and metformin. We assessed effect modification by BMI and reproductive factors. RESULTS After adjustment for co-medication, current regular aspirin use was only positively associated with non-dense area (β = 18.1, 95% CI: 6.7, 29.5). Effect modification by BMI and parity showed current aspirin use to only be associated with larger non-dense area among women with a BMI ≥ 30 (β = 28.2, 95% CI: 10.8, 45.7), and with lower percent density among parous women (β = -3.3, 95% CI: -6.4, -0.3). CONCLUSIONS Independent of co-medication use, current regular aspirin users had greater non-dense area with stronger estimates for women with higher BMI. We found limited support for an association between current aspirin use and mammographically dense breast tissue among parous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofilia Acheampong
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Erica J Lee Argov
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carmen B Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mariangela Agovino
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shweta Athilat
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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16
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Systematic Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Molecular Network Mechanism of Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3044463. [PMID: 35096106 PMCID: PMC8799328 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3044463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular network mechanism of modified Taohong Siwu Decoction (MTHSWD) to interfere with premature ovarian failure based on systematic pharmacological strategy. METHODS The network pharmacology strategy was used to explore the potential mechanism of MTHSWD intervention in POF, and then it was verified through animal experiments. Mouse zona pellucida 3 was used as an antigen to subcutaneously immunize BALB/c female mice to establish an immune POF model. Mice were divided into MTHSWD low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, positive control group, model group, and normal group. After 30 days of drug intervention, ovarian tissue was taken for pathological hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-βRII and Smad2/3 protein expression in follicular wall granular cells and ovarian tissue, respectively. RESULTS Network pharmacology studies have shown that MTHSWD may interfere with the TGF-β signaling pathway. Animal experimental research shows that, compared with the model group, the number of ovarian mature follicles in the MTHSWD groups and the positive group was significantly increased, and the number of atresia follicles decreased. Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the control group, the expression of TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, and Smad2/3 in the follicular wall granulosa cells and ovarian tissues of MTHSWD groups was significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MTHSWD may improve the ovarian function of POF mice by upregulating the protein expression of granulosa cells TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, and Smad2/3.
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17
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Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:535-562. [PMID: 35984634 PMCID: PMC9729163 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.
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18
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Yaghjyan L, Smotherman C, Heine J, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of Oral Contraceptives with Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:436-442. [PMID: 34862209 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the associations of oral contraceptives (OC) with percent breast density (PD), absolute dense area (DA), nondense area (NDA), and a novel image intensity variation (V) measure in premenopausal women. METHODS This study included 1,233 controls from a nested case-control study within Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Information on OCs was collected in 1989 and updated biennially. OC use was defined from the questionnaire closest to the mammogram date. PD, DA, and NDA were measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique; the V measure was obtained with a previously developed algorithm measuring the SD of pixel values in the eroded breast region. Generalized linear regression was used to assess associations between OCs and density measures (square root-transformed PD, DA, and NDA, and -untransformed V). RESULTS OC use was not associated with PD [current vs. never: β = -0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.37-0.24; past vs. never: β = 0.10; 95% CI, -0.09-0.29], DA (current vs. never: β = -0.20; 95% CI -0.59-0.18; past vs. never: β = 0.13; 95% CI, -0.12-0.39), and NDA (current vs. never: β = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.56-0.18; past vs. never: β = -0.01; 95% CI, -0.28-0.25). Women with younger age at initiation had significantly greater V-measure (<20 years vs. never: β = 26.88; 95% CI, 3.18-50.58; 20-24 years vs. never: β = 20.23; 95% CI, -4.24-44.71; 25-29 years vs. never: β = 2.61; 95% CI -29.00-34.23; ≥30 years vs. never: β = 0.28; 95% CI, -34.16-34.72, P trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that an earlier age at first OC use was associated with significantly greater V. IMPACT These findings could guide decisions about the age for OC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Carmen Smotherman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Heine
- Cancer Epidemiology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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19
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Akinjiyan FA, Han Y, Luo J, Toriola AT. Does circulating progesterone mediate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in progesterone receptor (PGR)-related genes with mammographic breast density in premenopausal women? Discov Oncol 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 34790961 PMCID: PMC8566393 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone is a proliferative hormone in the breast but the associations of genetic variations in progesterone-regulated pathways with mammographic breast density (MD) in premenopausal women and whether these associations are mediated through circulating progesterone are not clearly defined. We, therefore, investigated these associations in 364 premenopausal women with a median age of 44 years. We sequenced 179 progesterone receptor (PGR)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We measured volumetric percent density (VPD) and non-dense volume (NDV) using Volpara. Linear regression models were fit on circulating progesterone or VPD/NDV separately. We performed mediation analysis to evaluate whether the effect of a SNP on VPD/NDV is mediated through circulating progesterone. All analyses were adjusted for confounders, phase of menstrual cycle and the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery (FDR) adjusted p-value was applied to correct for multiple testing. In multivariable analyses, only PGR rs657516 had a direct effect on VPD (averaged direct effect estimate = - 0.20, 95%CI = - 0.38 ~ - 0.04, p-value = 0.02) but this was not statistically significant after FDR correction and the effect was not mediated by circulating progesterone (mediation effect averaged across the two genotypes = 0.01, 95%CI = - 0.02 ~ 0.03, p-value = 0.70). Five SNPs (PGR rs11571241, rs11571239, rs1824128, rs11571150, PGRMC1 rs41294894) were associated with circulating progesterone but these were not statistically significant after FDR correction. SNPs in PGR-related genes were not associated with VPD, NDV and circulating progesterone did not mediate the associations, suggesting that the effects, if any, of these SNPs on MD are independent of circulating progesterone. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-021-00438-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A. Akinjiyan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yunan Han
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning Province China
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Adetunji T. Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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20
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van Barele M, Buis CCM, Brood-van Zanten MMA, van Doorn HLC, Gaarenstroom KN, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Hooning MJ, de Hullu J, Mourits MJ, Burger CW. The effect of hormone therapy on breast density following risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Menopause 2021; 28:1307-1312. [PMID: 34374687 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of tibolone to conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone-acetate (CEE + MPA) on breast density, as a predictor for breast cancer risk, in women with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. METHODS Women aged 30-50 (N = 114) who had undergone risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) were randomized to tibolone or CEE + MPA. RESULTS Breast density decreased 46% after RRSO in untreated women, 39% after treatment with tibolone, and 17% after treatment with CEE + MPA; the decrease in breast density after CEE + MPA was significantly different compared with that of untreated women (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS A decline in breast density is seen after premenopausal RRSO despite the use of both CEE + MPA or tibolone, although lower breast density is seen after tibolone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Barele
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chistien C M Buis
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Gynecology, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Brood-van Zanten
- Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Lena C van Doorn
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja N Gaarenstroom
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne de Hullu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Mourits
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Curt W Burger
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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His M, Lajous M, Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Monge A, Dossus L, Viallon V, Gicquiau A, Biessy C, Gunter MJ, Rinaldi S. Biomarkers of mammographic density in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:75. [PMID: 34301304 PMCID: PMC8305592 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer, little is known about its determinants, especially in young women. We applied targeted metabolomics to identify circulating metabolites specifically associated with mammographic density in premenopausal women. Then, we aimed to identify potential correlates of these biomarkers to guide future research on potential modifiable determinants of mammographic density. METHODS A total of 132 metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, hexose) were measured by tandem liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in plasma samples from 573 premenopausal participants in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Associations between metabolites and percent mammographic density were assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for breast cancer risk factors and accounting for multiple tests. Mean concentrations of metabolites associated with percent mammographic density were estimated across levels of several lifestyle and metabolic factors. RESULTS Sphingomyelin (SM) C16:1 and phosphatidylcholine (PC) ae C30:2 were inversely associated with percent mammographic density after correction for multiple tests. Linear trends with percent mammographic density were observed for SM C16:1 only in women with body mass index (BMI) below the median (27.4) and for PC ae C30:2 in women with a BMI over the median. SM C16:1 and PC ae C30:2 concentrations were positively associated with cholesterol (total and HDL) and inversely associated with number of metabolic syndrome components. CONCLUSIONS We identified new biomarkers associated with mammographic density in young women. The association of these biomarkers with mammographic density and metabolic parameters may provide new perspectives to support future preventive actions for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde His
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, 62100, Cuernavaca, México.
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, 62100, Cuernavaca, México
- Cátedras-CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Monge
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, 62100, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Gicquiau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Carine Biessy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, CEDEX 08, 69372, Lyon, France
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22
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Fornili M, Perduca V, Fournier A, Jérolon A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Maskarinec G, Severi G, Baglietto L. Association between menopausal hormone therapy, mammographic density and breast cancer risk: results from the E3N cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:47. [PMID: 33865453 PMCID: PMC8053286 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is a risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Evidence suggests that its effect on BC risk could be partly mediated by mammographic density. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MHT, mammographic density and BC risk using data from a prospective study. METHODS We used data from a case-control study nested within the French cohort E3N including 453 cases and 453 matched controls. Measures of mammographic density, history of MHT use during follow-up and information on potential confounders were available for all women. The association between MHT and mammographic density was evaluated by linear regression models. We applied mediation modelling techniques to estimate, under the hypothesis of a causal model, the proportion of the effect of MHT on BC risk mediated by percent mammographic density (PMD) for BC overall and by hormone receptor status. RESULTS Among MHT users, 4.2% used exclusively oestrogen alone compared with 68.3% who used exclusively oestrogens plus progestogens. Mammographic density was higher in current users (for a 60-year-old woman, mean PMD 33%; 95% CI 31 to 35%) than in past (29%; 27 to 31%) and never users (24%; 22 to 26%). No statistically significant association was observed between duration of MHT and mammographic density. In past MHT users, mammographic density was negatively associated with time since last use; values similar to those of never users were observed in women who had stopped MHT at least 8 years earlier. The odds ratio of BC for current versus never MHT users, adjusted for age, year of birth, menopausal status at baseline and BMI, was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.68). The proportion of effect mediated by PMD was 34% for any BC and became 48% when the correlation between BMI and PMD was accounted for. These effects were limited to hormone receptor-positive BC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, under a causal model, nearly half of the effect of MHT on hormone receptor-positive BC risk is mediated by mammographic density, which appears to be modified by MHT for up to 8 years after MHT termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fornili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Perduca
- Laboratoire MAP 5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Fournier
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - A Jérolon
- Laboratoire MAP 5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M C Boutron-Ruault
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - G Maskarinec
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - G Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - L Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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