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Shellenberger RA, Gowda S, Kurn H, Albright J, Mayo MH. Vitamin D insufficiency and serum levels related to the incidence and stage of cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:265-274. [PMID: 37199748 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest skin cancer, and vitamin D insufficiency has been suggested as a risk factor. We evaluated the relationship between both vitamin D insufficiency and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels with the incidence and stage of CM. Five databases were searched from inception until 11 July 2022. Inclusion criteria were cohort and case-control studies that reported mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels or the presence of vitamin D insufficiency in CM patients and compared with healthy controls; or those that reported vitamin D insufficiency and Breslow tumor depth or the development of metastasis in CM. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis. Statistically significant relationships were found between vitamin D level <20 ng/dl and incidence of CM [pooled RR 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.02]; lower mean vitamin D level and Breslow depth >1 mm (SMD 0.19, 95% CI 0.11-0.28); and vitamin D level >20 ng/dl and Breslow depth <1 mm (pooled RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82). Statistical significance was not found in the relationships between vitamin D levels and the presence of metastasis (pooled SMD -0.13, 95% CI, -0.38 to 0.12); or mean vitamin D level and the incidence of CM (pooled SMD -0.39, 95% CI, -0.80 to 0.01). We identified an association of increased incidence of CM and vitamin D insufficiency, as well as less favorable Breslow tumor depth with lower levels of vitamin D and the presence of vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunaina Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Heidi Kurn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - MacKenzie H Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Alathari BE, Nyakotey DA, Bawah AM, Lovegrove JA, Annan RA, Ellahi B, Vimaleswaran KS. Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:2763. [PMID: 35807945 PMCID: PMC9269445 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25-60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (pinteraction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, pinteraction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene-diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina E. Alathari
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 14281, AlFaiha 72853, Kuwait
| | - David A. Nyakotey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Abdul-Malik Bawah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Reginald A. Annan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra Road, Kumasi GH233, Ghana; (D.A.N.); (A.-M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Basma Ellahi
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Chester, Riverside Campus, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (B.E.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3109. [PMID: 34578986 PMCID: PMC8465200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D level and muscle-related traits has been frequently reported. Vitamin D level is dependent on various factors such as sunlight exposure and nutrition. But also on genetic factors. We, therefore, hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin D pathway-related genes could contribute to muscle mass and function via an impact on vitamin D level. However, the integration of studies investigating these issues is still missing. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically identify and summarize the available evidence on the association between SNPs within vitamin D pathway-related genes and vitamin D status as well as various muscle traits in healthy adults. The review has been registered on PROSPERO and was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. In total, 77 studies investigating 497 SNPs in 13 different genes were included, with significant associations being reported for 59 different SNPs. Variations in GC, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 genes were reported most frequently, whereby especially SNPs in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041) and CYP2R1 genes (rs10741657, rs10766197, rs2060793) were confirmed to be associated with vitamin D level in more than 50% of the respective studies. Various muscle traits have been investigated only in relation to four different vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236). Interestingly, all of them showed only very low confirmation rates (6-17% of the studies). In conclusion, this systematic review presents one of the most comprehensive updates of the association of SNPs in vitamin D pathway-related genes with vitamin D status and muscle traits in healthy adults. It might be used for selecting candidate SNPs for further studies, but also for personalized strategies in identifying individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency and eventually for determining a potential response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Fehmi Agani” in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali n.n., 50000 Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
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Tsai TY, Kuo CY, Huang YC. The association between serum vitamin D level and risk and prognosis of melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1722-1729. [PMID: 31919907 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has antineoplastic effects, but the synthesis of vitamin D requires ultraviolet radiation, a known risk factor for melanoma. OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between serum vitamin D levels and risk and prognosis of melanoma. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Online databases were searched on 31 Oct 2018. RESULTS Twenty-five studies with a total of 11166 patients with melanoma were included. There was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients with melanoma and controls [standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.185; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.533 to 0.162]. However, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in patients with melanoma than that in controls (odds ratio, 2.115; 95% CI, 1.151-3.885). In terms of prognosis, serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in melanoma patients with lower Breslow thickness (≦1 vs. >1 mm: SMD, 0.243; 95% CI, 0.160-0.327). Moreover, melanoma patients with lower vitamin D levels had a significantly higher mortality rate (hazard ratio, 1.558; 95% CI, 1.258-1.931). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher Breslow thickness and mortality in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mehta A, Hasija Y. Meta-analyses of associations of obesity with risk of melanoma and acne based on case-control studies. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Patwardhan VG, Mughal ZM, Chiplonkar SA, Webb AR, Kift R, Khadilkar VV, Padidela R, Khadilkar AV. Duration of Casual Sunlight Exposure Necessary for Adequate Vitamin D Status in Indian Men. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:249-255. [PMID: 29911040 PMCID: PMC5972483 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_473_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the duration of casual sunlight ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure required to maintain optimal Vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D]) >50 nmol/L in urban Indian men, using polysulfone (PSU) dosimeters and a sunlight exposure questionnaire. METHODS In healthy men (aged 40-60 years) from Pune (18.52° N, 73.86° E), India, serum 25(OH)D was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sunlight exposure was assessed using PSU dosimeter and by questionnaire. RESULTS Of 160 men (48.3 ± 5.6 years), 26.8% were deficient and 40.6% had insufficient Vitamin D concentrations. A hyperbolic function for the relationship between PSU measured sunlight exposure in standard erythema dose (SED) and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) revealed that daily exposure of 1 SED was sufficient to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations over 50 nmol/L. The curve plateaued around 5 SED (80 nmol/L) and extrapolation of the curve (>5 SED) did not increase 25(OH)D concentrations above 90 nmol/L. Receiver operating curve analysis confirmed that 1 SED-UV exposure was sufficient to maintain 25(OH)D concentrations over 50 nmol/L. Based on the questionnaire data, >1 h of midday casual sunlight exposure was required to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 nmol/L. Duration of sunlight exposure assessed by questionnaire and PSU dosimeter showed a significant correlation (r = 0.517, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In urban Indian men, >1 h of casual midday sunlight exposure daily was required to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 nmol/L, and >2 h of casual sunlight exposure was needed to maintain 25(OH)D concentrations above 75 nmol/L. Excess sunlight did not increase 25(OH)D linearly. The sunlight exposure questionnaire was validated for use in clinical studies and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek G. Patwardhan
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zulf M. Mughal
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Shashi A. Chiplonkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ann R. Webb
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Kift
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vaman V. Khadilkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raja Padidela
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Anuradha V. Khadilkar
- Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Jolliffe DA, Walton RT, Griffiths CJ, Martineau AR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D pathway associating with circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and non-skeletal health outcomes: Review of genetic association studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:18-29. [PMID: 26686945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism and transport are recognised to influence vitamin D status. Syntheses of genetic association studies linking these variants to non-skeletal health outcomes are lacking. We therefore conducted a literature review to identify reports of statistically significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 11 vitamin D pathway genes (DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27A1, DBP, LRP2, CUB, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR and RXRA) and non-bone health outcomes and circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D). A total of 120 genetic association studies reported positive associations, of which 44 investigated determinants of circulating 25(OH)D and/or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, and 76 investigated determinants of non-skeletal health outcomes. Statistically significant associations were reported for a total of 55 SNP in the 11 genes investigated. There was limited overlap between genetic determinants of vitamin D status and those associated with non-skeletal health outcomes: polymorphisms in DBP, CYP2R1 and DHCR7 were the most frequent to be reported to associate with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D, while polymorphisms in VDR were most commonly reported to associate with non-skeletal health outcomes, among which infectious and autoimmune diseases were the most represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jolliffe
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
| | - Robert T Walton
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
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Rogers Z, Elliott F, Kasparian NA, Bishop DT, Barrett JH, Newton-Bishop J. Psychosocial, clinical and demographic features related to worry in patients with melanoma. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:497-504. [PMID: 27196629 PMCID: PMC5010282 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate clinical, demographic and psychosocial predictors of melanoma-related worry. A questionnaire-based study in a population-ascertained cohort of individuals diagnosed with melanoma in the previous 3-6 months was carried out to identify factors associated with worry about melanoma shortly after diagnosis. A total of 520 patients felt worried about their future with respect to melanoma and 1568 patients felt confident about their future with respect to melanoma. Worry was less likely in men with partners than women with partners [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.39-0.67)], and increasing age was protective against worry [adjusted OR=0.96 per year, 95% CI (0.95-0.97)]. Worry was more likely for patients with stage III/IV melanoma [adjusted OR=1.90, 95% CI (1.41-2.56) compared with stages IB-IIC], melanoma arising in sun-protected sites (compared with a limb), no occupation (compared with workers), those who reported insufficient emotional support from healthcare providers [adjusted OR=2.20, 95% CI (1.56-3.09) compared with sufficient support], lower knowledge of melanoma [adjusted OR=4.50, 95% CI (2.82-7.18) compared with well informed], perceived financial hardship compared with no financial hardship and over three previous negative life events compared with none/one. Worry about melanoma outcomes after diagnosis is multifactorial in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Rogers
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Faye Elliott
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nadine A. Kasparian
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Barrett
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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O'Shea SJ, Davies JR, Newton-Bishop JA. Vitamin D, vitamin A, the primary melanoma transcriptome and survival. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175 Suppl 2:30-34. [PMID: 27667313 PMCID: PMC5053247 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Survival from melanoma is influenced by several, well-established clinical and histopathological factors, e.g. age, Breslow thickness and microscopic ulceration. We (the Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds) have carried out research to better understand the biological basis for these observations. Preliminary results indicated a protective role for vitamin D in melanoma relapse and that higher vitamin D was associated with thinner primary melanomas. Funding from the British Skin Foundation enabled JNB to establish a study of the effects of vitamin A in melanoma. The results suggested that vitamin A could reduce the protective effect of vitamin D in terms of overall survival. Therefore, we propose that vitamin D3 supplementation alone might be preferable to combined multivitamin preparations, where vitamin D supplementation is deemed to be appropriate. Proving a causal link between vitamin D and melanoma-specific survival is challenging. We have shown limited evidence of causation in a Mendelian randomization experiment (described in more detail later). Recent work in Leeds has also shown that higher vitamin D may be protective for microscopic ulceration. Taken together, vitamin D appears to be associated with less aggressive primary melanomas and may itself influence outcome. We continue to explore the role of vitamin D in melanoma survival and the optimum levels that might be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Shea
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Genetics Building, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - J R Davies
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Genetics Building, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - J A Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Genetics Building, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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Tagliabue E, Raimondi S, Gandini S. Meta-analysis of vitamin D-binding protein and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1758-65. [PMID: 26364161 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence supported a role for vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in cancer risk. Beyond VDR, the biologic effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a key protein in vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, the gene encoding the DBP (GC, group-specific component) has an important role in the vitamin D pathway. Several studies investigated DBP serologic levels and GC polymorphisms in association with cancer risk with controversial results. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate these associations. METHODS We included 28 independent studies concerning the following tumors: basal cell carcinoma, bladder, breast, colon-rectum, endometrium, liver, esophagus, stomach, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and kidney. Through random-effect models, we calculated the summary odds ratios (SOR) for serum DBP and the GC polymorphisms rs2282679, rs12512631, rs7041, rs4588, rs17467825, rs1155563, and rs1352844. RESULTS We found a borderline decrease in cancer risk for subjects with high compared with low levels of DBP [SOR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.00]. Dose-response meta-analysis indicates a nonsignificant decrease risk for an increase of 1,000 nmol/L of DBP (SOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.01). We found no significant alterations in cancer risk for subjects carrying any of the studied GC polymorphisms compared with wild-type subjects both in the main analysis and in analyses stratified by cancer type and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS We found trends toward significance, suggesting a role of DBP in cancer etiology, which should be confirmed in further studies. IMPACT To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate GC polymorphisms and DBP serologic levels in association with any type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tagliabue
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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Field S, Davies J, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop JA. Vitamin D and melanoma. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 5:121-9. [PMID: 24494045 PMCID: PMC3897580 DOI: 10.4161/derm.25244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recreational sun exposure and sunburn are causal for melanoma but the risk is strongly genetically determined. Health promotion advice about sun protection should be aimed at susceptible individuals (pale skin, freckles, large numbers of melanocytic nevi and a family history). We discuss here the evidence that sun-sensitive people have lower vitamin D levels and that, in practice, it is very difficult for such individuals to achieve sufficient levels without supplementation in the UK at least. We conclude that melanoma susceptible sun-avoidant individuals should be advised to avoid insufficiency by supplementation.
Vitamin D is anti-proliferative in vitro for some melanoma cell lines. In a large melanoma cohort we have observed that lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 levels at diagnosis were associated with thicker tumors and poorer prognosis (study as yet not validated). In the UK, melanoma patients commonly have sub-optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 levels at and post diagnosis; we discuss approaches to management of such patients based on some new data from our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Field
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Leeds; Leeds, UK
| | - John Davies
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Leeds; Leeds, UK
| | - D Tim Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Leeds; Leeds, UK
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Tandeter H. Challenging the present definition of "normal" vitamin D levels obtained by a single blood test. Can we develop a formula to predict vitamin D levels in the 4 seasons from a single season's measure? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:224-6. [PMID: 24854576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Publications on the health effects of vitamin D (25(OH) D) had almost triplicate in the last 10years, not only for its known "calcemic effects" (calcium, phosphor, PTH), but for the more recent findings on its "non-calcemic effects" (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and relation with certain types of cancer). Part of these publications deal with the definition of what is a "normal" circulating level of 25(OH) D that may distinguish between health and disease. The literature also deals with seasonal variations of vitamin D, showing levels that rise in summer and fall in winter and with DBP phenotypes and geographical location that affect seasonality of 25(OH) D measurements. Despite the knowledge of the existence of these phenomena many studies on vitamin D fail to acknowledge the time of the year the blood sample was extracted. Thus, when we compare results from different studies without defining the season that the samples were drawn, we compare incomparable figures. Furthermore, it is quite absurd to define "normal levels" as a static measure (over or under a certain value) using a single blood test when the value measured is known to change with seasons. Knowing that people have different vitamin D levels in different seasons of the year, we should ask ourselves which of these measurements should be used to define a "real" or "normal" level? Is it the lower one? Is there a "mean measure" that should be used for this matter? If yes, how do we obtain it? Do we have to make 4 seasonal measurements in each patient? Alternatively, might there be a possibility of developing a formula to help us obtain the mean from a single season's measure or one season's prediction from another season's measurement? And knowing that DBP phenotypes and geographical location affect seasonality of 25(OH) D measurements; shouldn't we include this in the equation? In this article I will discuss the hypothetical existence of an Individual Mean Annual vitamin D level that I will call the "IMAD level" and a recovery formula "RF" that may be used to calculate this mean having one single measure (in any of the 4 seasons) and to predict any season's value from another season's measurement. IMAD levels should be obtained in the two main DBP phenotypes, taking into account the geographical location of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Tandeter
- Department of Family Medicine, Siaal Family Medicine and Primary Care Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Davies JR, Field S, Randerson-Moor J, Harland M, Kumar R, Anic GM, Nagore E, Hansson J, Höiom V, Jönsson G, Gruis NA, Park JY, Guan J, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda P, Wendt J, Pjanova D, Puig S, Schadendorf D, Okamoto I, Olsson H, Affleck P, García-Casado Z, Puig-Butille JA, Stratigos AJ, Kodela E, Donina S, Sucker A, Hosen I, Egan KM, Barrett JH, van Doorn R, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop J. An inherited variant in the gene coding for vitamin D-binding protein and survival from cutaneous melanoma: a BioGenoMEL study. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:234-43. [PMID: 24219834 PMCID: PMC4065372 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An association between low serum vitamin D levels and poorer melanoma survival has been reported. We have studied inheritance of a polymorphism of the GC gene, rs2282679, coding for the vitamin D-binding protein, which is associated with lower serum levels of vitamin D, in a meta-analysis of 3137 melanoma patients. The aim was to investigate evidence for a causal relationship between vitamin D and outcome (Mendelian randomization). The variant was not associated with reduced overall survival (OS) in the UK cohort, per-allele hazard ratio (HR) for death 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93, 1.64). In the smaller cohorts, HR in OS analysis was 1.07 (95% CI 0.88, 1.3) and for all cohorts combined, HR for OS was 1.09 (95% CI 0.93, 1.29). There was evidence of increased melanoma-specific deaths in the seven cohorts for which these data were available. The lack of unequivocal findings despite the large sample size illustrates the difficulties of implementing Mendelian randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Davies
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Gandini S, De Vries E, Tosti G, Botteri E, Spadola G, Maisonneuve P, Martinoli C, Joosse A, Ferrucci PF, Baldini F, Cocorocchio E, Pennacchioli E, Cataldo F, Bazolli B, Clerici A, Barberis M, Bataille V, Testori A. Sunny holidays before and after melanoma diagnosis are respectively associated with lower Breslow thickness and lower relapse rates in Italy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78820. [PMID: 24223851 PMCID: PMC3817085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported an association between sun exposure and improved cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival. We analysed the association of UV exposure with prognostic factors and outcome in a large melanoma cohort. Methods A questionnaire was given to 289 (42%) CM patients at diagnosis (Group 1) and to 402 CM patients (58%) during follow-up (Group 2). Analyses were carried out to investigate the associations between sun exposure and melanoma prognostic factors and survival. Results Holidays in the sun two years before CM diagnosis were significantly associated with lower Breslow thickness (p=0.003), after multiple adjustment. Number of weeks of sunny holidays was also significantly and inversely associated with thickness in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.007). However when stratifying by gender this association was found only among women (p=0.0004) the risk of CM recurrence in both sexes was significantly lower in patients (n=271) who had holidays in the sun after diagnosis, after multiple adjustment including education: HR=0.30 (95%CI:0.10-0.87; p=0.03) conclusions: Holidays in the sun were associated with thinner melanomas in women and reduced rates of relapse in both sexes. However, these results do not prove a direct causal effect of sun exposure on survival since other confounding factors, such as vitamin D serum levels and socio-economic status, may play a role. Other factors in sun seeking individuals may also possibly affect these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Esther De Vries
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Tosti
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadola
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Arjen Joosse
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Baldini
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Cocorocchio
- Department of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pennacchioli
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cataldo
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bazolli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Clerici
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Testori
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Peña-Chilet M, Ibarrola-Villava M, Martin-González M, Feito M, Gomez-Fernandez C, Planelles D, Carretero G, Lluch A, Nagore E, Ribas G. rs12512631 on the group specific complement (vitamin D-binding protein GC) implicated in melanoma susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59607. [PMID: 23544077 PMCID: PMC3609832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiation should be avoided in melanoma patients. Nevertheless, this is the main means by which the body produces vitamin D. Evidence suggests a protective role against cancer for vitamin D. Since vitamin D performs its function by binding the receptor encoded by the vitamin D-receptor gene (VDR), most studies have focused on polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene. However, the gene encoding the vitamin D-binding protein (GC) appears in recent studies as a major player in the role of a serum vitamin D level regulator and in Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) predisposition. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 12 polymorphisms on GC and 9 on VDR among 530 cases and 314 controls from Spanish population. RESULTS We found association between SNP rs12512631, located 3'downstream of GC, and risk of CM that seems to fit a dominant model (OR 1.63 95%CI 1.23-2.17 p-value 7×10(-4)). This association remained Bonferroni's correction and after adjustment for potential confounders (p-value 3×10(-3)) and even after increasing the sample size to 1729 individuals (p-value 0.0129). Moreover, we confirmed evidence of an association between CM susceptibility and the linkage disequilibrium block marked by tag-SNP rs222016 (p-value 0.032). This block covers the GC intron 1 region, with probable regulatory functions. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first vitamin D pathway-related polymorphism study in melanoma risk conducted in the Spanish population. Furthermore, we show an association between polymorphisms in GC and melanoma risk, confirming recent studies in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peña-Chilet
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Feito
- Dermatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Planelles
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility-Molecular Biology, Centre for Blood Transfusion, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Carretero
- Dermatology Department, Doctor Negrín Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Peña-Chilet M, Blanquer-Maceiras M, Ibarrola-Villava M, Martinez-Cadenas C, Martin-Gonzalez M, Gomez-Fernandez C, Mayor M, Aviles JA, Lluch A, Ribas G. Genetic variants in PARP1 (rs3219090) and IRF4 (rs12203592) genes associated with melanoma susceptibility in a Spanish population. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:160. [PMID: 23537197 PMCID: PMC3704782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few high penetrance genes are known in Malignant Melanoma (MM), however, the involvement of low-penetrance genes such as MC1R, OCA2, ASIP, SLC45A2 and TYR has been observed. Lately, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been the ideal strategy to identify new common, low-penetrance susceptibility loci. In this case–control study, we try to validate in our population nine melanoma associated markers selected from published GWAS in melanoma predisposition. Methods We genotyped the 9 markers corresponding to 8 genes (PARP1, MX2, ATM, CCND1, NADSYN1, CASP8, IRF4 and CYP2R1) in 566 cases and 347 controls from a Spanish population using KASPar probes. Genotypes were analyzed by logistic regression and adjusted by phenotypic characteristics. Results We confirm the protective role in MM of the rs3219090 located on the PARP1 gene (p-value 0.027). Additionally, this SNP was also associated with eye color (p-value 0.002). A second polymorphism, rs12203592, located on the IRF4 gene was associated with protection to develop MM for the dominant model (p-value 0.037). We have also observed an association of this SNP with both lentigines (p-value 0.014) and light eye color (p-value 3.76 × 10-4). Furthermore, we detected a novel association with rs1485993, located on the CCND1 gene, and dark eye color (p-value 4.96 × 10-4). Finally, rs1801516, located on the ATM gene, showed a trend towards a protective role in MM similar to the one firstly described in a GWAS study. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that these SNPs have been associated with MM in a Spanish population. We confirmed the proposed role of rs3219090, located on the PARP1 gene, and rs12203592, located on the IRF4 gene, as protective to MM along the same lines as have previous genome-wide associated works. Finally, we have seen associations between IRF4, PARP1, and CCND1 and phenotypic characteristics, confirming previous results for the IRF4 gene and presenting novel data for the last two, suggesting that pigmentation characteristics correlated with eye color are potential mediators between PARP1 and MM protection.
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Ogbah Z, Visa L, Badenas C, Ríos J, Puig-Butille JA, Bonifaci N, Guino E, Augé JM, Kolm I, Carrera C, Pujana MÁ, Malvehy J, Puig S. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and vitamin D receptor variants in melanoma patients from the Mediterranean area of Barcelona. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:26. [PMID: 23413917 PMCID: PMC3648347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D) insufficiency and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on its receptor, Vitamin D receptor (VDR), have been reported to be involved in melanoma susceptibility in populations mostly from northern countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and VDR SNPs in melanoma patients from sunny area of Barcelona, two studies were carried out. The first study evaluated the levels of Vitamin D at time of melanoma diagnosis and the second one analyzed the association between VDR genetic variants and risk of having a high nevus number, the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma. METHODS The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in 81 melanoma patients at diagnosis were measured. In a second group of melanoma patients, including 150 with low and 113 with high nevus number, 11 VDR SNPs were analyzed for their association with nevus number. RESULTS In the first study, 68% of patients had insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (<25 ng/ml). Autumn-winter months and fair phototype were associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 insufficiency; after multivariate analysis, season of sampling remained the only independent predictor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. In the second study, VDR variant rs2189480 (P = 0.006) was associated with risk of high nevus number whereas rs2239179 (P = 0.044) and rs7975128 (P = 0.0005) were protective against high nevus number. After Bonferroni adjustment only rs7975128 remained significant. In stratified analysis, SNP rs7975128 was found protective against multiple melanomas (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION This study showed that even in Barcelona, a sunny Mediterranean area, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were sub-optimal in the majority of melanoma patients at diagnosis. The involvement of VDR in nevi and, in turn, in melanoma susceptibility has also been suggested. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Freedman DM, Cahoon EK, Rajaraman P, Major JM, Doody MM, Alexander BH, Hoffbeck RW, Kimlin MG, Graubard BI, Linet MS. Sunlight and other determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in black and white participants in a nationwide U.S. study. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:180-92. [PMID: 23292956 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a marker for vitamin D status, is associated with bone health and possibly cancers and other diseases; yet, the determinants of 25(OH)D status, particularly ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, are poorly understood. Determinants of 25(OH)D were analyzed in a subcohort of 1,500 participants of the US Radiologic Technologists (USRT) Study that included whites (n = 842), blacks (n = 646), and people of other races/ethnicities (n = 12). Participants were recruited monthly (2008-2009) across age, sex, race, and ambient UVR level groups. Questionnaires addressing UVR and other exposures were generally completed within 9 days of blood collection. The relation between potential determinants and 25(OH)D levels was examined through regression analysis in a random two-thirds sample and validated in the remaining one third. In the regression model for the full study population, age, race, body mass index, some seasons, hours outdoors being physically active, and vitamin D supplement use were associated with 25(OH)D levels. In whites, generally, the same factors were explanatory. In blacks, only age and vitamin D supplement use predicted 25(OH)D concentrations. In the full population, determinants accounted for 25% of circulating 25(OH)D variability, with similar correlations for subgroups. Despite detailed data on UVR and other factors near the time of blood collection, the ability to explain 25(OH)D was modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7238, USA.
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Lam ML, Patel AN, Ferguson AD. Review of the 92nd Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists, 3-5 July 2012, Birmingham, U.K. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:32-8. [PMID: 23278558 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This is a synopsis of the main research and clinical findings presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists, held on 3-5 July 2012 in Birmingham, U.K. The conference highlighted the biological, epidemiological and therapeutic advances that have been made recently in the field of dermatology. This synopsis is a selection of the major findings from the meeting; it is not intended to be a substitute for reading the conference proceedings and related references quoted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Lam
- Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
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21
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Berwick M, Erdei EO. Vitamin D and melanoma incidence and mortality. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:9-15. [PMID: 22947439 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D (25-OH-D, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and its potential confounders in relationship to melanoma risk and mortality is discussed. The paradox that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the major environmental risk factor for melanoma etiology as well as a major source of vitamin D might be explained by viewing vitamin D levels as the result of a healthy lifestyle rather than a cause of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Gambichler T, Bindsteiner M, Höxtermann S, Kreuter A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in a large German cohort of patients with melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2012; 168:625-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kluczynski MA, Wactawski-Wende J, Platek ME, DeNysschen CA, Hovey KM, Millen AE. Changes in vitamin D supplement use and baseline plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration predict 5-y change in concentration in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2012; 142:1705-12. [PMID: 22833661 PMCID: PMC3417832 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have prospectively examined predictors of change in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. We sought to determine the predictors of 5-y change in 25(OH)D. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed at baseline (1997-2000) and 5 y later (2002-2005) in 668 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study. Baseline and changes in demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and health-related factors were tested as predictors of change in 25(OH)D concentrations by using multivariable linear regression. The mean 5-y change in 25(OH)D (mean ± SD) was 7.7 ± 0.7 nmol/L (P < 0.001). In our predictive model (n = 643), predictors explained 31% of the variance in change in 25(OH)D concentrations and included baseline 25(OH)D, baseline and change in vitamin D supplementation and physical activity, change in season of blood draw, BMI, whole-body T score, and baseline hormone therapy use. Baseline 25(OH)D and change in vitamin D supplementation explained the most variation (25%) in 25(OH)D. Exploratory analyses showed a borderline significant interaction between tertiles of baseline 25(OH)D and change in vitamin D supplementation over time (P = 0.06). The greatest mean increase in 25(OH)D (22.9 ± 16.8 nmol/L), with adjustment for other statistically significant predictors, occurred in women whose baseline 25(OH)D concentration was ≤51.0 nmol/L (tertile 1) and who increased supplementation use over time. These results confirm the importance of supplementation in increasing 25(OH)D concentrations in aging women, even after other statistically significant predictors are controlled for. These data also suggest that this is especially true among aging women with inadequate 25(OH)D (e.g., <50 nmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Kluczynski
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Mary E. Platek
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, NY; and
| | | | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Amy E. Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Nair-Shalliker V, Clements M, Fenech M, Armstrong BK. Personal Sun Exposure and Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:208-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Azizi E, Pavlotsky F, Kudish A, Flint P, Solomon A, Lerman Y, Oberman B, Sadetzki S. Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D3 Among Sun-protected Outdoor Workers in Israel. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1507-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anic GM, Thompson RC, Nabors LB, Burton Nabors L, Olson JJ, Browning JE, Madden MH, Murtagh FR, Reed Murtagh F, Forsyth PA, Egan KM. An exploratory analysis of common genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway including genome-wide associated variants in relation to glioma risk and outcome. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1443-9. [PMID: 22740028 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental and epidemiological evidence shows a beneficial role of vitamin D in cancer. In vitro evidence is consistent with a similar protective function in glioma; however, no study has yet examined the potential role of vitamin D in glioma. METHODS We evaluated the association between common genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway and glioma risk and patient outcome in 622 newly diagnosed glioma cases and 628 healthy controls enrolled in a clinic-based case-control study. Subjects were genotyped for 7 candidate and tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and 8 additional variants in NADSYN1, GC, CYP24A1, CYP2R1, and C10ORF88 linked in genome-wide association studies to serum concentrations of vitamin D. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate age- and gender-adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for glioma risk according to vitamin D genotypes. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for glioma-related death among 320 patients diagnosed with high-grade tumors. P values were uncorrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Risk of astrocytic tumors was associated with variant alleles in rs3829251 (NADSYN1), rs10741657 (CYP2R1), rs2228570 (Fok1, VDR), and rs731236 (Taq1, VDR). No risk associations were found among oligodendroglial tumors. Survival associations were observed according to variant status for rs1544410 (Bsm1, VDR) and rs6013897 (CYP24A1). CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis provides limited evidence of a role for genetic variation in vitamin D pathway genes with glioma risk and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Anic
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Reid SM, Robinson M, Kerr AC, Ibbotson SH. Prevalence and predictors of low vitamin D status in patients referred to a tertiary photodiagnostic service: a retrospective study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2012; 28:91-6. [PMID: 22409712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Low vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse effects on health. The primary source of vitamin D is cutaneous production during sunlight exposure. Sun avoidance can restrict vitamin D photosynthesis and is common practice amongst patients with photosensitivity. Few studies have examined vitamin D status in this population, particularly those in northern latitudes. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the prevalence and possible predictors of low vitamin D status in patients referred to a tertiary photodiagnostic service. METHODS A case note review of 165 patients who attended the National Photodiagnostic Service for assessment at the Photobiology Unit in Dundee, Scotland (latitude 56 °N) over 1 year was conducted. Clinical information and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration were documented. Multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of vitamin D status. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 41.9 nmol/L [standard deviation (SD) 22.0]. Forty percent of patients had insufficient vitamin D levels [25(OH)D 25-49 nmol/L] and 25% were vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D<25 nmol/L]. Blood collection in winter was the strongest predictor of low 25(OH)D status (P<0.001); strict photoprotection (P=0.04), onset of symptoms within an hour of sunlight exposure (P=0.01) and abnormal monochromator phototesting responses (P=0.009) also predicted low vitamin D levels. Supplement use was associated with higher vitamin D levels (P<0.001), even amongst patients who strictly avoided sunlight (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Patients with photosensitivity who live in northern latitudes are at high risk of low vitamin D levels, particularly in winter and spring. Increased awareness of this risk is crucial to ensure preventative strategies, such as supplementation, are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Reid
- Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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