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Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Pawłowski B. Birth size and morphological femininity in adult women. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:102. [PMID: 32799803 PMCID: PMC7429686 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's morphological femininity is perceived to develop under the influence of sex hormones and to serve as a cue of estradiol level, fertility and health in mating context. However, as the studies on direct relationship between femininity and sex steroid levels have reported mixed results, it is still not well understood what factors contribute to inter-women variation in morphological femininity. Epidemiological studies show that indicators of adverse conditions during intrauterine growth and development in utero, such as low birthweight or relative thinness at birth, influence women's physiology ovarian functioning and may be associated with life-time exposure to estradiol in women. Thus, here we tested if birth parameters are also related with the level of morphological femininity in adult women. RESULTS One hundred sixty-five healthy women of mean age 28.47 years (SD = 2.39) participated in the study. Facial femininity was estimated based on facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and facial shape sexual dimorphism measured in the photos. Body femininity was estimated based on waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and breast size. Birth weight and birth length were obtained from medical records and ponderal index at birth was calculated. No relationship between birth parameters and facial or body femininity in women of reproductive age was found, also when controlled for adult sex steroid levels and BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that, although previous research showed that birth parameters predict reproductive development and adult oestradiol level, they do not explain the variance in morphological femininity in women of reproductive age, trait that is thought to be a cue of a woman's estradiol level and fertility in mating context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Kuźnicza 35, 50-138, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Judyta Nowak
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Kuźnicza 35, 50-138, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Kuźnicza 35, 50-138, Wrocław, Poland
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Wada K, Yamakawa M, Konishi K, Goto Y, Mizuta F, Koda S, Uji T, Tamura T, Nakamura K, Tsuji M, Nagai H, Itakura N, Harada K, Takahara O, Yamanaka H, Nagata C. Associations of Cell Phone Use and Screen Viewing with Overweight in Children. Child Obes 2019; 15:417-425. [PMID: 31298567 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Effects of using mobile devices on childhood obesity have not been well studied. We aimed to ascertain whether cell phone use and screen viewing are associated with excess body weight in a cross-sectional study of Japanese school children. Methods: Subjects were 3141 students, ages 6 to 7 years, who participated in the Hekinan Children's Study conducted during 2011-2015. Participants were asked to submit a parent-administered questionnaire on child and parent demographics, health status, and lifestyles, including cell phone use and screen time. Heights and weights were measured at the schools. Being overweight was defined according to the cutoff point for children specified by the Extended International Obesity Task Force. Among 2596 analytic children, the odds ratios (ORs) for being overweight were estimated according to cell phone use, time spent watching television, and time spent on games and computers using the logistic regression models. Analyses were conducted after adjustments for potential confounders, including dietary intake, physical activities, sleep duration, and quality of sleep. Results: After multivariate adjustments, cell phone users were found to have an OR of 1.74 for being overweight compared with nonusers. Cell phone use of longer duration was associated with higher risk of being overweight (trend p = 0.018). Time spent watching television was positively associated with the risk of being overweight (trend p = 0.003). Conclusions: Just as earlier studies have shown for television viewing, cell phone use might be a risk factor related to being overweight among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yamakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kie Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Fumi Mizuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sachi Koda
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uji
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozue Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Gifu City Healthcare Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuji
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Kou Harada
- Hekinan Medical Association, Hekinan, Japan
| | | | | | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Mäntyselkä A, Jääskeläinen J, Eloranta AM, Väistö J, Voutilainen R, Ong K, Brage S, Lakka TA, Lindi V. Associations of lifestyle factors with serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in prepubertal children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:234-242. [PMID: 29112780 PMCID: PMC6195184 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relationships of dietary factors, physical activity and sedentary behaviour to dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations among prepubertal children. Therefore, we studied the associations of these lifestyle factors with serum DHEAS and IGF-1 in children. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Cross-sectional analysis of a population sample of 431 prepubertal children aged 6-9 years. MEASUREMENTS Assessment of dietary factors by food records and physical activity and sedentary behaviour by a combined heart rate and movement monitor and a questionnaire. Measurement of serum DHEAS and IGF-1. RESULTS Consumption of low-fibre grain products (standardized regression coefficient β = .118, P = .017) and intake of vegetable protein (β = .100, P = .045) was positively and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (β = -.117, P = .018) was inversely associated with DHEAS after adjustment for sex, age and body fat percentage. Energy intake (β = .160, P = .001) was positively associated with IGF-1 adjusting for sex, age and body fat percentage. Vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with DHEAS after adjustment for sex and age (β = -.120, P = .027), and total (β = -.137, P = .007), moderate (β = -.130, P = .012), vigorous (β = -.136, P = .011) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (β = -.160, P = .003) were inversely and total sedentary behaviour (β = .151, P = .003) was positively associated with IGF-1 adjusting for sex and age. None of physical activity measures was associated with DHEAS or IGF-1 after additional adjustment for body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle factors have weak and moderate associations with biochemical markers of adrenarche in prepubertal children. These associations indicate body fat independent and dependent influences of diet and physical activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Mäntyselkä
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo Voutilainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ken Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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