1
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Zheng D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Su N, Bakhoum M, Zhang G, Naderinezhad S, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhou T, Li W. Androgen deprivation induces neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer cells through CREB1/EZH2-mediated downregulation of REST. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:246. [PMID: 38777812 PMCID: PMC11111810 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although effective initially, prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. It is incompletely understood how ADT transcriptionally induces NE genes in PCa cells. CREB1 and REST are known to positively and negatively regulate neuronal gene expression in the brain, respectively. No direct link between these two master neuronal regulators has been elucidated in the NED of PCa. We show that REST mRNA is downregulated in NEPC cell and mouse models, as well as in patient samples. Phenotypically, REST overexpression increases ADT sensitivity, represses NE genes, inhibits colony formation in culture, and xenograft tumor growth of PCa cells. As expected, ADT downregulates REST in PCa cells in culture and in mouse xenografts. Interestingly, CREB1 signaling represses REST expression. In studying the largely unclear mechanism underlying transcriptional repression of REST by ADT, we found that REST is a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. Finally, genetic rescue experiments demonstrated that ADT induces NED through EZH2's repression of REST, which is enhanced by ADT-activated CREB1 signaling. In summary, our study has revealed a key pathway underlying NE gene upregulation by ADT, as well as established novel relationships between CREB1 and REST, and between EZH2 and REST, which may also have implications in other cancer types and in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zheng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sukjin Yang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning Su
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Bakhoum
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira Naderinezhad
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengmei Mao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Smith K, Beach D, Silva R, Balazs G, Salani F, Crea F. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Prognostic, predictive significance and pathway insights. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296198. [PMID: 38635644 PMCID: PMC11025735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust prognostic and predictive factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, have not yet been identified. Previous studies have identified potential HCC determinants such as genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and pathway dysregulation. However, the clinical significance of these molecular alterations remains elusive. MicroRNAs are major regulators of protein expression. MiRNA functions are frequently altered in cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC, to elucidate their associated pathways and their impact on treatment response. To this aim, bioinformatics techniques and clinical dataset analyses were employed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC compared to normal hepatic tissue. We validated known associations and identified a novel miRNA signature with potential prognostic significance. Our comprehensive analysis identified new miRNA-targeted pathways and showed that some of these protein coding genes predict HCC patients' response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Smith
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Beach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Silva
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gyorffy Balazs
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesca Salani
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research “Health Science”, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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3
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Jasim SA, Al-Hawary SIS, Kaur I, Ahmad I, Hjazi A, Petkov I, Ali SHJ, Redhee AH, Shuhata Alubiady MH, Al-Ani AM. Critical role of exosome, exosomal non-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs in head and neck cancer angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155238. [PMID: 38493725 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to the epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNCs have a constant yet slow-growing rate with an unsatisfactory overall survival rate globally. The development of new blood vessels from existing blood conduits is regarded as angiogenesis, which is implicated in the growth, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Aberrant angiogenesis is a known contributor to human cancer progression. Representing a promising therapeutic target, the blockade of angiogenesis aids in the reduction of the tumor cells oxygen and nutrient supplies. Despite the promise, the association of existing anti-angiogenic approaches with severe side effects, elevated cancer regrowth rates, and limited survival advantages is incontrovertible. Exosomes appear to have an essential contribution to the support of vascular proliferation, the regulation of tumor growth, tumor invasion, and metastasis, as they are a key mediator of information transfer between cells. In the exocrine region, various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identified to be enriched and stable and contribute to the occurrence and progression of cancer. Mounting evidence suggest that exosome-derived ncRNAs are implicated in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, the characteristics of angiogenesis, particularly in HNC, and the impact of ncRNAs on HNC angiogenesis will be outlined. Besides, we aim to provide an insight on the regulatory role of exosomes and exosome-derived ncRNAs in angiogenesis in different types of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iliya Petkov
- Medical University - Sofia, Department of Neurology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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4
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Li W, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Su N, Bakhoum M, Zhang G, Naderinezhad S, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhou T. Androgen deprivation induces neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer cells through CREB1/EZH2-mediated downregulation of REST. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3270539. [PMID: 37886478 PMCID: PMC10602109 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3270539/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Although effective initially, prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. It is incompletely understood how ADT transcriptionally induces NE genes in PCa cells. CREB1 and REST are known to positively and negatively regulate neuronal gene expression in the brain, respectively. No direct link between these two master neuronal regulators has been elucidated in the NED of PCa. We show that REST mRNA is downregulated in NEPC cell and mouse models, as well as in patient samples. Phenotypically, REST overexpression increases ADT sensitivity, represses NE genes, inhibits colony formation in culture, and xenograft tumor growth of PCa cells. As expected, ADT downregulates REST in PCa cells in culture and in mouse xenografts. Interestingly, CREB1 signaling represses REST expression. In studying the largely unclear mechanism underlying transcriptional repression of REST by ADT, we found that REST is a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. Finally, genetic rescue experiments demonstrated that ADT induces NED through EZH2's repression of REST, which is enhanced by ADT-activated CREB signaling. In summary, our study has revealed a key pathway underlying NE gene upregulation by ADT, as well as established novel relationships between CREB1 and REST, and between EZH2 and REST, which may also have implications in other cancer types and in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University
| | - Yan Zhang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Sukjin Yang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ning Su
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Guoliang Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | | | - Zhengmei Mao
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zheng Wang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ting Zhou
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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5
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Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Paskeh MDA, Sabouni E, Zandieh MA, Aboutalebi M, Kakavand A, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Saebfar H, Salimimoghadam S, Mirzaei S, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. The pharmacological and biological importance of EZH2 signaling in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114313. [PMID: 36738498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 18% of cancer-related deaths worldwide are attributed to lung tumor and global burden of this type of cancer is ascending. Different factors are responsible for development of lung cancer such as smoking, environmental factors and genetic mutations. EZH2 is a vital protein with catalytic activity and belongs to PCR2 family. EZH2 has been implicated in regulating gene expression by binding to promoter of targets. The importance of EZH2 in lung cancer is discussed in current manuscript. Activation of EZH2 significantly elevates the proliferation rate of lung cancer. Furthermore, metastasis and associated molecular mechanisms including EMT undergo activation by EZH2 in enhancing the lung cancer progression. The response of lung cancer to therapy can be significantly diminished due to EZH2 upregulation. Since EZH2 increases tumor progression, anti-cancer agents suppressing its expression reduce malignancy. In spite of significant effort in understanding modulatory function of EZH2 on other pathways, it appears that EZH2 can be also regulated and controlled by other factors that are described in current review. Therefore, translating current findings to clinic can improve treatment and management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Sabouni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aboutalebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, university of milan, Italy
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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6
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Shi Y, Li J, Chen H, Hu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Zang X, Ma X, Huang G, Zhou X, Tao M, lv Z, Chen S, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses peritoneal angiogenesis by targeting a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α dependent signaling pathway. J Pathol 2022; 258:164-178. [PMID: 35792675 DOI: 10.1002/path.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency department of critical care medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Zexin lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine Tongji University Shanghai PR China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai PR China
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7
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Pharmacological manipulation of Ezh2 with salvianolic acid B results in tumor vascular normalization and synergizes with cisplatin and T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106333. [PMID: 35779815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature is characterized by aberrant structure and function, resulting in immune suppressive profiles of tumor microenvironment (TME) through limiting immune cell infiltration into tumors. The defective vascular perfusion in tumors also impairs the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Targeting abnormal tumor blood vessels has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated that Salvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the major ingredients of Salvia miltiorriza elicited vascular normalization in the mouse models of breast cancer, contributing to improved delivery and response of chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin as well as attenuated metastasis. Moreover, SalB in combination with anti-PD-L1 blockade retarded tumor growth, which was mainly due to elevated infiltration of immune effector cells and boosted delivery of anti-PD-L1 into tumors. Mechanistically, tumor cell enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2)-driven cytokines disrupted the endothelial junctions with diminished VE-cadherin expression, which could be rescued in the presence of SalB. The restored vascular integrity by SalB via modulating the interactions between tumor cells and endothelial cells (ECs) offered a principal route for achieving vascular normalization. Taken together, our data elucidated that SalB enhanced sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy and immunotherapy through triggering tumor vascular normalization, providing a potential therapeutic strategy of combining SalB and chemotherapy or immunotherapy for patients with breast cancer.
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8
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Wang CW, Lee YC, Chang CC, Lin YJ, Liou YA, Hsu PC, Chang CC, Sai AKO, Wang CH, Chao TK. A Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Method for Guiding Ovarian Cancer Treatment and Identifying an Effective Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071651. [PMID: 35406422 PMCID: PMC8996991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common malignant gynecological disease. Molecular target therapy, i.e., antiangiogenesis with bevacizumab, was found to be effective in some patients of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Although careful patient selection is essential, there are currently no biomarkers available for routine therapeutic usage. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first automated precision oncology framework to effectively identify and select EOC and peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PSPC) patients with positive therapeutic effect. From March 2013 to January 2021, we have a database, containing four kinds of immunohistochemical tissue samples, including AIM2, c3, C5 and NLRP3, from patients diagnosed with EOC and PSPC and treated with bevacizumab in a hospital-based retrospective study. We developed a hybrid deep learning framework and weakly supervised deep learning models for each potential biomarker, and the experimental results show that the proposed model in combination with AIM2 achieves high accuracy 0.92, recall 0.97, F-measure 0.93 and AUC 0.97 for the first experiment (66% training and 34%testing) and high accuracy 0.86 ± 0.07, precision 0.9 ± 0.07, recall 0.85 ± 0.06, F-measure 0.87 ± 0.06 and AUC 0.91 ± 0.05 for the second experiment using five-fold cross validation, respectively. Both Kaplan-Meier PFS analysis and Cox proportional hazards model analysis further confirmed that the proposed AIM2-DL model is able to distinguish patients gaining positive therapeutic effects with low cancer recurrence from patients with disease progression after treatment (p < 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-A.L.); (C.-C.C.); (A.-K.-O.S.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (P.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Liou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-A.L.); (C.-C.C.); (A.-K.-O.S.)
| | - Po-Chao Hsu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (P.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-A.L.); (C.-C.C.); (A.-K.-O.S.)
| | - Aung-Kyaw-Oo Sai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (Y.-A.L.); (C.-C.C.); (A.-K.-O.S.)
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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9
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Canadas I, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Crea F, Wang Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP. The long and short non-coding RNAs modulating EZH2 signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35236381 PMCID: PMC8892735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large family of RNA molecules with no capability in encoding proteins. However, they participate in developmental and biological processes and their abnormal expression affects cancer progression. These RNA molecules can function as upstream mediators of different signaling pathways and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is among them. Briefly, EZH2 belongs to PRCs family and can exert functional roles in cells due to its methyltransferase activity. EZH2 affects gene expression via inducing H3K27me3. In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic discussion of ncRNAs role in regulating EZH2 expression in different cancers. MiRNAs can dually induce/inhibit EZH2 in cancer cells to affect downstream targets such as Wnt, STAT3 and EMT. Furthermore, miRNAs can regulate therapy response of cancer cells via affecting EZH2 signaling. It is noteworthy that EZH2 can reduce miRNA expression by binding to promoter and exerting its methyltransferase activity. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) are synthetic, short ncRNAs capable of reducing EZH2 expression and suppressing cancer progression. LncRNAs mainly regulate EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs induce EZH2 by modulating miRNA expression. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), like lncRNAs, affect EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. These areas are discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways leading to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Israel Canadas
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Qi L, Lindsay H, Kogiso M, Du Y, Braun FK, Zhang H, Guo L, Zhao S, Injac SG, Baxter PA, Su JM, Xiao S, Erickson SW, Earley EJ, Teicher B, Smith MA, Li XN. Evaluation of an EZH2 inhibitor in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of pediatric brain tumors alone and in combination with chemo- and radiation therapies. J Transl Med 2022; 102:185-193. [PMID: 34802040 PMCID: PMC10228180 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Tazemetostat is an FDA-approved enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2) inhibitor. To determine its role in difficult-to-treat pediatric brain tumors, we examined EZH2 levels in a panel of 22 PDOX models and confirmed EZH2 mRNA over-expression in 9 GBM (34.6 ± 12.7-fold) and 11 medulloblastoma models (6.2 ± 1.7 in group 3, 6.0 ± 2.4 in group 4) accompanied by elevated H3K27me3 expression. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 4 models (1 GBM, 2 medulloblastomas and 1 ATRT) via systematically administered tazemetostat (250 and 400 mg/kg, gavaged, twice daily) alone and in combination with cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p., twice) and/or radiation (2 Gy/day × 5 days). Compared with the untreated controls, tazemetostat significantly (Pcorrected < 0.05) prolonged survival times in IC-L1115ATRT (101% at 400 mg/kg) and IC-2305GBM (32% at 250 mg/kg, 45% at 400 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of tazemetostat with radiation was evaluated in 3 models, with only one [IC-1078MB (group 4)] showing a substantial, though not statistically significant, prolongation in survival compared to radiation treatment alone. Combining tazemetostat (250 mg/kg) with cisplatin was not superior to cisplatin alone in any model. Analysis of in vivo drug resistance detected predominance of EZH2-negative cells in the remnant PDOX tumors accompanied by decreased H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 expressions. These data supported the use of tazemetostat in a subset of pediatric brain tumors and suggests that EZH2-negative tumor cells may have caused therapy resistance and should be prioritized for the search of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Wu N, Cheng CJ, Zhong JJ, He JC, Zhang ZS, Wang ZG, Sun XC, Liu H. Essential role of MALAT1 in reducing traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1776-1784. [PMID: 35017438 PMCID: PMC8820691 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly evolutionary conserved long non-coding RNA, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was first demonstrated to be related to lung tumor metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. To investigate the role of MALAT1 in traumatic brain injury, we established mouse models of controlled cortical impact and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic traumatic brain injury in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that MALAT1 silencing in vitro inhibited endothelial cell viability and tube formation but increased migration. In MALAT1-deficient mice, endothelial cell proliferation in the injured cortex, functional vessel density and cerebral blood flow were reduced. Bioinformatic analyses and RNA pull-down assays validated enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a downstream factor of MALAT1 in endothelial cells. Jagged-1, the Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1) agonist, reversed the MALAT1 deficiency-mediated impairment of angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that MALAT1 controls the key processes of angiogenesis following traumatic brain injury in an EZH2/NOTCH1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Chi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Bacolod MD, Barany F. A Unified Transcriptional, Pharmacogenomic, and Gene Dependency Approach to Decipher the Biology, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Targets Associated with Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205158. [PMID: 34680307 PMCID: PMC8534121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This manuscript demonstrates how integrated bioinformatic and statistical reanalysis of publicly available genomic datasets can be utilized to identify molecular pathways and biomarkers that may be clinically relevant to metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa) progression. The most notable observation is that the transition from primary prostate cancer to mPrCa is characterized by upregulation of processes associated with DNA replication, metastasis, and events regulated by the serine/threonine kinase PLK1. Moreover, our analysis also identified over-expressed genes that may be exploited for potential targeted therapeutics and minimally invasive diagnostics and monitoring of mPrCa. The primary data analyzed were two transcriptional datasets for tissues derived from normal prostate, primary prostate cancer, and mPrCa. Also incorporated in the analysis were the transcriptional, gene dependency, and drug response data for hundreds of cell lines, including those derived from prostate cancer tissues. Abstract Our understanding of metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa) has dramatically advanced during the genomics era. Nonetheless, many aspects of the disease may still be uncovered through reanalysis of public datasets. We integrated the expression datasets for 209 PrCa tissues (metastasis, primary, normal) with expression, gene dependency (GD) (from CRISPR/cas9 screen), and drug viability data for hundreds of cancer lines (including PrCa). Comparative statistical and pathways analyses and functional annotations (available inhibitors, protein localization) revealed relevant pathways and potential (and previously reported) protein markers for minimally invasive mPrCa diagnostics. The transition from localized to mPrCa involved the upregulation of DNA replication, mitosis, and PLK1-mediated events. Genes highly upregulated in mPrCa and with very high average GD (~1) are potential therapeutic targets. We showed that fostamatinib (which can target PLK1 and other over-expressed serine/threonine kinases such as AURKA, MELK, NEK2, and TTK) is more active against cancer lines with more pronounced signatures of invasion (e.g., extracellular matrix organization/degradation). Furthermore, we identified surface-bound (e.g., ADAM15, CD276, ABCC5, CD36, NRP1, SCARB1) and likely secreted proteins (e.g., APLN, ANGPT2, CTHRC1, ADAM12) that are potential mPrCa diagnostic markers. Overall, we demonstrated that comprehensive analyses of public genomics data could reveal potentially clinically relevant information regarding mPrCa.
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Jia D, Xing Y, Zhan Y, Cao M, Tian F, Fan W, Huang J, Cui Y, Gu R, Cui Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Cai L, Li X. LINC02678 as a Novel Prognostic Marker Promotes Aggressive Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686975. [PMID: 34124072 PMCID: PMC8194704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is considered to be a fatal disease and characterized by a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. However, the expression of lncRNAs and their clinical relevance in NSCLC remain undetermined. The gene expression data profiled in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE81089) were employed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in NSCLC. LINC02678 was found to be upregulated in NSCLC and exhibited hypomethylation of the promoter region in NSCLC tissues. LINC02678 (also called RP11-336A10.5) was associated with poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival in NSCLC patients. In vitro models of gain- and loss-of-function demonstrated that LINC02678 promotes NSCLC progression by promoting NSCLC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as inducing NSCLC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. LINC02678 was primarily located in the nucleus and could bind with the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Moreover, we found that LINC02678 knockdown impaired the occupancy capacity of EZH2 and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) at the promoter region of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) and E-cadherin, as confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. A mouse transplantation model further demonstrated that LINC02678 could promote the tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of NSCLC cells. We identified LINC02678 as a tumor promoter in NSCLC, which enhanced the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells by binding with EZH2, indicating that LINC02678 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Jia
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuning Zhan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mengru Cao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fanglin Tian
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Fan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixue Gu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yaowen Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuechao Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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14
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He T, Shang J, Gao C, Guan X, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Pang T. A novel SIRT6 activator ameliorates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury via EZH2/FOXC1 axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:708-726. [PMID: 33777677 PMCID: PMC7982432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a key gene evoked by MDL-811 stimulation and is required for the anti-inflammatory effects of MDL-811. We found MDL-811-activated SIRT6 directly interacted with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and promoted deacetylation of EZH2 which could bind to the promoter of Foxc1 and upregulate its expression to modulate inflammation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that MDL-811 not only ameliorated sickness behaviors in neuroinflammatory mice induced by LPS, but also markedly reduced the brain injury in ischemic stroke mice in addition to promoting long-term functional recovery. Importantly, MDL-811 also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes isolated from ischemic stroke patients, underlying an interesting translational perspective. Taken together, MDL-811 could be an alternative therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jialin Shang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenglong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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15
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang Q. Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Cancer With TKIs Resistance: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Front Genet 2021; 11:562868. [PMID: 33510766 PMCID: PMC7835797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been a major breakthrough in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) therapy. Unfortunately, a portion of patients with TKIs resistance experience disease progression after TKIs therapy. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the development of TKIs resistance. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations occur frequently in RCC patients with poor response to TKIs therapy, and modulation of them could enhance the cytotoxic effect of antitumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the currently known epigenetic alterations relating to TKIs resistance in RCC, focusing on DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), histone modifications, and their interactions with TKIs treatment. In addition, we discuss application of epigenetic alteration analyses in the clinical setting to predict prognosis of patients with TKIs treatment, and the potential use of epigenetics-based therapies to surmount TKIs resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Cao Z, Wu W, Wei H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Dong Z. Downregulation of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 inhibits cell viability and enhances chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:26. [PMID: 33240432 PMCID: PMC7681225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 (EZH2) is the principle component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)/embryonic ectoderm development protein-EZH2 complex, which promotes tumorigenesis by repressing transcription of tumor suppressor genes. EZH2 is considered a key marker in several types of cancer, such as colorectal and prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms and clinical value of EZH2 in lung cancer have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functions of EZH2 in lung cancer progression and to determine whether treatment with an EZH2 inhibitor enhanced the chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP). At the logarithmic growth phase, A549 cells were treated with a small interfering (si)RNA-EZH2, and cell viability was detected using an MTT assay. The degree of apoptosis and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were detected via wound healing and Transwell Matrigel assays. According to information from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, the results of the present study demonstrated that EZH2 was upregulated in lung cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of EZH2 was associated with poor patient prognosis, while EZH2 knockdown inhibited cell viability and migration, and enhanced apoptosis and chemosensitivity in a lung cancer cell line. EZH2 knockdown and treatment of A549 cells using EZH2 inhibitor elevated the inhibitory effects of CDDP on cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses were performed to assess the expression levels of relative protein and mRNA, respectively, in A549 cells treated with siRNA-EZH2 or with CDDP. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that high EZH2 expression was associated with poor prognosis, accompanied with a potential impairment of migration and viability in lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that EZH2 may act as a candidate molecular target for gene therapy, and treatment with EZH2 inhibitor may be used to increase chemosensitivity to CDDP agents in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Haiting Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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17
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Kang N, Eccleston M, Clermont PL, Latarani M, Male DK, Wang Y, Crea F. EZH2 inhibition: a promising strategy to prevent cancer immune editing. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1457-1476. [PMID: 32938196 PMCID: PMC7607396 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are revolutionizing the clinical management of a wide range of cancers. However, intrinsic or acquired unresponsiveness to immunotherapies does occur due to the dynamic cancer immunoediting which ultimately leads to immune escape. The evolutionarily conserved histone modifier enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) is aberrantly overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Accumulating studies indicate that EZH2 is a main driver of cancer cells' immunoediting and mediate immune escape through downregulating immune recognition and activation, upregulating immune checkpoints and creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we overviewed the roles of EZH2 in cancer immunoediting, the preclinical and clinical studies of current pharmacologic EZH2 inhibitors and the prospects for EZH2 inhibitor and immunotherapy combination for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mark Eccleston
- Belgian Volition SPRL, Parc Scientifique Créalys, Rue Phocas Lejeune 22, BE-5032 Isnes, Belgium
| | - Pier-Luc Clermont
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryam Latarani
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - David Kingsley Male
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver Prostate Centre, The University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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18
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Yin H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang T, Fan J, Sun J, Yang A, Zhang R. EZH2-mediated Epigenetic Silencing of miR-29/miR-30 targets LOXL4 and contributes to Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:8494-8512. [PMID: 32754259 PMCID: PMC7392008 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a key epigenetic regulator, is involved in breast cancer progression and metastasis. LOXL4 is increasingly recognized as an important player in cancer progression. To date, how EZH2 regulates LOXL4 in the progression of breast cancer remains unclear. Methods: We evaluated the association between LOX family proteins and EZH2 in invasive breast carcinoma through the starBase v2.0 analysis, and its correlation with breast tumorigenesis using the Oncomine dataset. We then applied miRcode data combined with gene expression omnibus (GEO) data to screen candidate miRNAs mediating the regulation of LOXL4 by EZH2. We explored the regulatory mechanism of EZH2, miR-29b/miR-30d, and LOXL4 in breast cancer cells by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, cell proliferation, colony formation, and wound healing assays, xenograft experiments, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Inhibition of EZH2 or LOXL4, or miR-29b/miR-30d overexpression, decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. LOXL4 was identified as a direct target of miR-29b and miR-30d. EZH2 inhibition enhanced miR-30d and miR-29b transcription via promoter binding activity, leading to the reduced expression of LOXL4. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer specimens and flow cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating macrophages in mice showed a positive association of EZH2 with LOXL4 expression and macrophage infiltration. Conclusions: Our findings identified EZH2-miR-29b/miR-30d-LOXL4 signaling pathway was involved in breast tumorigenesis, and suggested that the epigenetic modulation represents a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer by controlling macrophage activation.
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19
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Chien YC, Chen JN, Chen YH, Chou RH, Lee HC, Yu YL. Epigenetic Silencing of miR-9 Promotes Migration and Invasion by EZH2 in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071781. [PMID: 32635336 PMCID: PMC7408254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Tumor invasion is the major reason for treatment failure and poor prognosis in GBM. Inhibiting migration and invasion has become an important therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been determined to have important roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, but the specific relationship between EZH2 and CXCR4 expression in GBM is less well characterized. In this study, we report that EZH2 and CXCR4 were overexpressed in glioma patients. Furthermore, elevated EZH2 and CXCR4 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival. In three human GBM cell lines, EZH2 modulated the expression of miR-9, which directly targeted the oncogenic signaling of CXCR4 in GBM. The ectopic expression of miR-9 dramatically inhibited the migratory capacity of GBM cells in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-9, functioning as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in GBM, is suppressed through epigenetic silencing by EZH2. Thus, miR-9 may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-N.C.); (Y.-H.C.); (R.-H.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ni Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-N.C.); (Y.-H.C.); (R.-H.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-N.C.); (Y.-H.C.); (R.-H.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-N.C.); (Y.-H.C.); (R.-H.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7911) (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (J.-N.C.); (Y.-H.C.); (R.-H.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.L.); (Y.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7911) (Y.-L.Y.)
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20
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Idrissou M, Sanchez A, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Epi-drugs as triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Epigenomics 2020; 12:725-742. [PMID: 32396394 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) types with poor prognosis are due to the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HEGFR-2. The lack of suitable therapy for TNBC has led the research community to turn toward epigenetic regulation and its protagonists that can modulate certain oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This has opened an important new field of therapy using epi-drugs, in preclinical and clinical trials. The epi-drugs are natural or synthetic molecules capable of inhibiting or modulating the activity of epigenetic proteins such as DNA methyltransferases, modulating the expression of interferon microRNAs, as well as histone methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases and deacetylases. This review investigated the epi-drugs used in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63011, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
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21
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Huang B, Huang M, Li Q. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by VEGF-Mediated EZH2/VASH1 Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819879905. [PMID: 31757187 PMCID: PMC6876164 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819879905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascularized tumor, so it is critical to study its angiogenesis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and became significant hallmarks of cancer. But the relationship between enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to angiogenesis and its precise mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The separation of cancer-associated fibroblasts was identified by immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis was used to reveal the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The wound healing, transwell, and vascular tube formation assays were used to identify the capability of migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The detection of tumor angiogenesis was also performed in vivo. Finally, the level of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and vasohibin 1 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: In comparison to control and condition medium noncancerous fibroblasts groups, the condition medium cancer-associated fibroblasts could significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that cancer-associated fibroblasts promoted angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in vitro and in vivo. The upregulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibited the expression of vasohibin 1, thus promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, the cancer-associated fibroblasts of hepatocellular carcinoma regulate the enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway via vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, thereby promoting the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our study identified the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and confirmed the pivotal role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated enhancer of zeste homolog-2/vasohibin 1 pathway and may be a potentially useful therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Intervention, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Manping Huang
- Department of Intervention, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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22
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Garcia J, Hurwitz HI, Sandler AB, Miles D, Coleman RL, Deurloo R, Chinot OL. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) in cancer treatment: A review of 15 years of clinical experience and future outlook. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102017. [PMID: 32335505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When the VEGF-A-targeting monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin®) entered clinical practice more than 15 years ago, it was one of the first targeted therapies and the first approved angiogenesis inhibitor. Marking the beginning for a new line of anti-cancer treatments, bevacizumab remains the most extensively characterized anti-angiogenetic treatment. Initially approved for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy, its indications now include metastatic breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. This review provides an overview of the clinical experience and lessons learned since bevacizumab's initial approval, and highlights how this knowledge has led to the investigation of novel combination therapies. In the past 15 years, our understanding of VEGF's role in the tumor microenvironment has evolved. We now know that VEGF not only plays a major role in controlling blood vessel formation, but also modulates tumor-induced immunosuppression. These immunomodulatory properties of bevacizumab have opened up new perspectives for combination therapy approaches, which are being investigated in clinical trials. Specifically, the combination of bevacizumab with cancer immunotherapy has recently been approved in non-small-cell lung cancer and clinical benefit was also demonstrated for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, despite intense investigation, reliable and validated biomarkers that would enable a more personalized use of bevacizumab remain elusive. Overall, bevacizumab is expected to remain a key agent in cancer therapy, both due to its established efficacy in approved indications and its promise as a partner in novel targeted combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Garcia
- Global Clinical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Regula Deurloo
- Oncology Biomarker Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier L Chinot
- Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, Marseille, France
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23
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Wan Z, Jiang H, Li L, Zhu S, Hou J, Yu Y. Carcinogenic roles and therapeutic effects of EZH2 in gynecological cancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115379. [PMID: 32098708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in kinds of malignant tumors and related to tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by epigenetic regulation of anti-tumor gene. It can activate numerous tumor-associated signaling pathways and interfere with DNA damage repair. In recent years, large amounts of studies have shown that EZH2 is closely related to gynecologic-related malignancies and can be used as a potential target gene for the treatment of gynecological-related malignancies. This review summarizes the oncogenic function of EZH2 and introduces the recent advances in the development of EZH2 inhibitors. On this basis, future research prospect of EZH2 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wan
- Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Assisted Reproduction Technology Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Zhu
- Department of Food and Drug Engineering, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, An Z, Li W. Molecular Links Between Angiogenesis and Neuroendocrine Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1491. [PMID: 32039001 PMCID: PMC6985539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common therapy for prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for the majority of patients. However, prolonged ADT promotes drug resistance and progression to an aggressive variant with reduced androgen receptor signaling, so called neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Until present, NEPC is still poorly understood, and lethal with no effective treatments. Elevated expression of neuroendocrine related markers and increased angiogenesis are two prominent phenotypes of NEPC, and both of them are positively associated with cancers progression. However, direct molecular links between the two phenotypes in NEPC and their mechanisms remain largely unclear. Their elucidation should substantially expand our knowledge in NEPC. This knowledge, in turn, would facilitate the development of effective NEPC treatments. We recently showed that a single critical pathway regulates both ADT-enhanced angiogenesis and elevated expression of neuroendocrine markers. This pathway consists of CREB1, EZH2, and TSP1. Here, we seek new insights to identify molecules common to pathways promoting angiogenesis and neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer. To this end, our focus is to summarize the literature on proteins reported to regulate both neuroendocrine marker expression and angiogenesis as potential molecular links. These proteins, often described in separate biological contexts or diseases, include AURKA and AURKB, CHGA, CREB1, EZH2, FOXA2, GRK3, HIF1, IL-6, MYCN, ONECUT2, p53, RET, and RB1. We also present the current efforts in prostate cancer or other diseases to target some of these proteins, which warrants testing for NEPC, given the urgent unmet need in treating this aggressive variant of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Xiong T, Huang C, Li J, Yu S, Chen F, Zhang Z, Zhuang C, Li Y, Zhuang C, Huang X, Ye J, Zhang F, Gui Y. LncRNA NRON promotes the proliferation, metastasis and EMT process in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1751-1760. [PMID: 32194786 PMCID: PMC7052857 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies world-wide with high morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a critical role in cancer development. LncRNA NRON, a repressor of activated T-cell nuclear factor (NFAT), has been shown to be dysregulated in many cancer types. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of NRON in bladder cancer is still unknown. Methods: The expression levels of NRON in BC tissues and cell lines were tested by RT-qPCR. Survival analysis was performed to detect the correlation between NRON expression and clinical outcomes in patients with BC. The biological role of NRON in BC cells proliferation and metastasis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: The expression of NRON was significantly upregulated in BC specimens and cell lines compared with paired adjacent normal tissues and normal cell lines. The upregulation of NRON in bladder cancer patients was significantly associated with the depth of bladder tumor invasion and poor prognosis. Knockdown of NRON inhibited BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, NRON promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, and NRON-induced EZH2 expression contributed to this process. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggested that NRON acted as an oncogene and tumor biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefu Xiong
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chenchen Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianfa Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Shaokang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Chengle Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Changshui Zhuang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xinbo Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fangting Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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26
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De La Rosa J, Urdiciain A, Zazpe I, Zelaya MV, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Idoate MA, Castresana JS. The synergistic effect of DZ‑NEP, panobinostat and temozolomide reduces clonogenicity and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:283-300. [PMID: 31746375 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment against glioblastoma consists of surgical resection followed by temozolomide, with or without combined radiotherapy. Glioblastoma frequently acquires resistance to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches are thus required. The inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; a histone methylase) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are possible epigenetic treatments. Temozolomide, 3‑deazaneplanocin A (DZ‑Nep; an EZH2 inhibitor) and panobinostat (an HDAC inhibitor) were tested in regular and temozolomide‑resistant glioblastoma cells to confirm whether the compounds could behave in a synergistic, additive or antagonistic manner. A total of six commercial cell lines, two temozolomide‑induced resistant cell lines and two primary cultures derived from glioblastoma samples were used. Cell lines were exposed to single treatments of the drugs in addition to all possible two‑ and three‑drug combinations. Colony formation assays, synergistic assays and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis of apoptosis‑associated genes were performed. The highest synergistic combination was DZ‑Nep + panobinostat. Triple treatment was also synergistic. Reduced clonogenicity and increased apoptosis were both induced. It was concluded that the therapeutic potential of the combination of these three drugs in glioblastoma was evident and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De La Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Urdiciain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoya Zazpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María V Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, 45005 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Idoate
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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27
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Xiong X, Zhang J, Li A, Dai L, Qin S, Wang P, Liu W, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu Z. GSK343 induces programmed cell death through the inhibition of EZH2 and FBP1 in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:213-222. [PMID: 31651209 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1680061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important member of the epigenetic regulatory factor polycomb group proteins (PcG) and is abnormally expressed in a wide variety of tumors, including osteosarcoma. Scientists consider EZH2 as an attractive target for the treatment of osteosarcoma and have found many potential EZH inhibitors, such as GlaxoSmithKline 343 (GSK343). It has been reported that GSK343 can be used as an inhibitor in different types of cancer. This study demonstrated that GSK343 not only induced apoptosis by increasing cleaved Casp-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) expression, but also induced autophagic cell death by inhibiting p62 expression. Apoptosis and autophagic cell death induced by GSK343 were confirmed by the high expression of cleaved caspase-3, LC3-II and transmission electron microscopy. GSK343 inhibited the expression of EZH2 and c-Myc. Additionally, GSK343 inhibited the expression of FUSE binding protein 1 (FBP1), which was identified by its regulatory effects on c-Myc expression. Since c-Myc is a common target of EZH2 and FBP1, and GSK343 inhibited the expression of these proliferation-promoting proteins, a mutual regulatory mechanism between EZH2 and FBP1 was proposed. The knockdown of EZH2 suppressed the expression of FBP1; similarly, the knockdown of FBP1 suppressed the expression of EZH2. These results suggest the mutual regulatory association between EZH2 and FBP1. The knockdown of either EZH2 or FBP1 accelerated the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to GSK343. Based on these results, this study clarified that GSK343, an EZH2 inhibitor, may have potential for use in the treatment of osteosarcoma. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of GSK343 are partly mediated by its inhibitory activity against c-Myc and its regulators (EZH2 and FBP1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libing Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinnan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinnan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical Collage, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Lindsay C, Kostiuk M, Conrad D, O’Connell DA, Harris J, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Antitumour effects of metformin and curcumin in human papillomavirus positive and negative head and neck cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1946-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lindsay
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Research Laboratory of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Morris Kostiuk
- Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Research Laboratory of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Dustin Conrad
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Daniel A. O’Connell
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Research Laboratory of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Vincent L. Biron
- Division of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Research Laboratory of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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29
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Böhm J, Muenzner JK, Caliskan A, Ndreshkjana B, Erlenbach-Wünsch K, Merkel S, Croner R, Rau TT, Geppert CI, Hartmann A, Roehe AV, Schneider-Stock R. Loss of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) at tumor invasion front is correlated with higher aggressiveness in colorectal cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2227-2240. [PMID: 31317325 PMCID: PMC6708512 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is associated with epigenetic gene silencing and aggressiveness in many tumor types. However, the prognostic impact of high EZH2 expression is controversially discussed for colorectal cancer. For this reason, we immunohistochemically analyzed EZH2 expression in 105 specimens from colon cancer patients separately for tumor center and invasion front. METHODS All sections from tissue microarrays were evaluated manually and digitally using Definiens Tissue Studio software (TSS). To mirror-image the EZH2 status at the tumor invasion front, we treated HCT116 colon cancer cells with the EZH2 inhibitor 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) and studied the growth of in ovo xenografts in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. RESULTS We showed a significant decrease in EZH2 expression and the repressive H3K27me3 code at the tumor invasion front as supported by the TSS-constructed heatmaps. Loss of EZH2 at tumor invasion front, but not in tumor center was correlated with unfavorable prognosis and more advanced tumor stages. The observed cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo was associated with higher tumor aggressiveness. Xenografts formed by DZNep-treated HCT116 cells showed loosely packed tumor masses, infiltrative growth into the CAM, and high vessel density. CONCLUSION The differences in EZH2 expression between tumor center and invasion front as well as different scoring and cutoff values can most likely explain controversial literature data concerning the prognostic value of EZH2. Epigenetic therapies using EZH2 inhibitors have to be carefully evaluated for each specific tumor type, since alterations in cell differentiation might lead to unfavorable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Böhm
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julienne Kathrin Muenzner
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aylin Caliskan
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benardina Ndreshkjana
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Erlenbach-Wünsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Bern, Murtenstr. 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carol Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Vial Roehe
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), R. Sarmento Leite, 245-Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Anstine LJ, Keri R. A new view of the mammary epithelial hierarchy and its implications for breast cancer initiation and metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 32395618 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The existence of mammary epithelial stem cell (MaSC) populations capable of mediating mammary gland development and homeostasis has been established for over a decade. A combination of lineage tracing and mammary gland transplantation studies has affirmed that MaSCs and their downstream progenitors are organized in a hierarchal manner; however, these techniques have failed to illuminate the complete spectrum of epithelial intermediate populations or their spatial and temporal relationships. The advent of single cell sequencing technology has allowed for characterization of highly heterogeneous tissues at high resolution. In the last two years, the remarkable advances in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been leveraged to address the heterogeneity of the mammary epithelium. These studies have afforded fresh insights into the transcriptional differentiation hierarchy and its chronology. Importantly, these data have led to a major conceptual shift in which the rigid boundaries separating stem, progenitor, and differentiated epithelial populations have been deconstructed, resulting in a new more fluid and flexible model of epithelial differentiation. The emerging view of the mammary epithelial hierarchy has important implications for mammary development, carcinogenesis, and metastasis, providing novel insights into the underlying cellular states that may promote malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Anstine
- Department of Pharmacology, CWRU School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, CWRU School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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31
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Joshi S, Singh AR, Liu KX, Pham TV, Zulcic M, Skola D, Chun HB, Glass CK, Morales GA, Garlich JR, Durden DL. SF2523: Dual PI3K/BRD4 Inhibitor Blocks Tumor Immunosuppression and Promotes Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1036-1044. [PMID: 31018997 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΘs) are key immune infiltrates in solid tumors and serve as major drivers behind tumor growth, immune suppression, and inhibition of adaptive immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein, BRD4, which binds to acetylated lysine on histone tails, has recently been reported to promote gene transcription of proinflammatory cytokines but has rarely been explored for its role in IL4-driven MΘ transcriptional programming and MΘ-mediated immunosuppression in the TME. Herein, we report that BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, blocks association of BRD4 with promoters of arginase and other IL4-driven MΘ genes, which promote immunosuppression in TME. Pharmacologic inhibition of BRD4 using JQ1 and/or PI3K using dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor SF2523 (previously reported by our group as a potent inhibitor to block tumor growth and metastasis in various cancer models) suppresses tumor growth in syngeneic and spontaneous murine cancer models; reduces infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells; blocks polarization of immunosuppressive MΘs; restores CD8+ T-cell activity; and stimulates antitumor immune responses. Finally, our results suggest that BRD4 regulates the immunosuppressive myeloid TME, and BET inhibitors and dual PI3K/BRD4 inhibitors are therapeutic strategies for cancers driven by the MΘ-dependent immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Alok R Singh
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kevin X Liu
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Timothy V Pham
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Muamera Zulcic
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dylan Skola
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Hyun Bae Chun
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
- SignalRx Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California
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32
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Wang X, Hua Y, Xu G, Deng S, Yang D, Gao X. Targeting EZH2 for glioma therapy with a novel nanoparticle-siRNA complex. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2637-2653. [PMID: 31043779 PMCID: PMC6472285 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For the past few years, gene-therapy has recently shown considerable clinical benefit in cancer therapy, and the applications of gene therapies in cancer treatments continue to increase perennially. EZH2, an ideal candidate for tumor gene therapy, plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. Methods In this study, we developed a novel gene delivery system with a self-assembly method by Methoxy polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (MPEG-PCL) and DOTAP(DMC). And EZH2si-DMC was used to research anti-glioma both in vitro and in vivo. Results DMC with zeta-potential value of 36.7 mV and size of 35.6 nm showed good performance in the delivery siRNA to glioma cell in vitro with high 98% transfection efficiency. EZH2si-DMC showed good anti-glioma effect in vitro through inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth. What’s more, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with DMC-EZH2si complex had significantly inhibited tumor growth at the subcutaneous model in vivo by inhibiting EZH2 protein expression, promoting apoptosis and reducing proliferation. Conclusion The EZH2 siRNA and DMC complex may be used to treat the glioma in clinical as a new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Yuanqi Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Guangya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Senyi Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Daoke Yang
- Tumor Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China,
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33
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Jones BA, Varambally S, Arend RC. Histone Methyltransferase EZH2: A Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:591-602. [PMID: 29726819 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females in the United States. There were an estimated 22,440 new cases and 14,080 deaths due to ovarian cancer in 2017. Most patients present with advanced-stage disease, revealing the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies targeting pathways of tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. While multiple genomic changes contribute to the progression of this aggressive disease, it has become increasingly evident that epigenetic events play a pivotal role in ovarian cancer development. One of the well-studied epigenetic modifiers, the histone methyltransferase EZH2, is a member of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is commonly involved in transcriptional repression. EZH2 is the enzymatic catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex that can alter gene expression by trimethylating lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27). In ovarian cancer, EZH2 is commonly overexpressed and therefore potentially serves as an effective therapeutic target. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors are being developed to target EZH2, which are now in clinical trials. Thus, in this review, we highlight the progress made in EZH2-related research in ovarian cancer and discuss the potential utility of targeting EZH2 with available small-molecule inhibitors for ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 591-602. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayley A Jones
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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34
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Liang H, Huang Q, Liao MJ, Xu F, Zhang T, He J, Zhang L, Liu HZ. EZH2 plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating p38 signaling. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:325-336. [PMID: 30820607 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major challenge in clinic. The histone methyltransferases enhancer of zest homolog-2 (EZH2) is associated with the development of renal injury. However, the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AKI in C57BL/6 mice was generated by renal IR. TREATMENTS The 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNeP), a selective EZH2 inhibitor, or vehicle was administrated in mice after IR. HK-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress. METHODS Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay or flow cytometry. EZH2, caspase-3, p38, F4/80+ macrophages, and CD3+ T cells were examined by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS Mice treated with DZNeP exhibited less severe renal dysfunction and tubular injury following IR. EZH2 inhibition decreased apoptotic cells while reducing activation of caspase-3 in kidneys under IR condition. Moreover, EZH2 inhibition impaired the recruitment of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ cells in kidneys with IR. Administration of DZNeP suppressed the production of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-18 in IR-treated kidneys. Of note, EZH2 inhibition reduced p38 phosphorylation in kidneys after IR. In H/R-treated HK-2 cells, DZNeP treatment or EZH2 knockdown reduced apoptosis. EZH2 inhibition inactivated p38 resulting in reduction of active caspase-3 and proinflammatory molecules. By contrast, EZH2 overexpression induced p38 phosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, and production of proinflammatory molecules, which was reversed by SB203580. CONCLUSIONS EZH2 plays a crucial role in IR-induced AKI via modulation of p38 signaling. Targeting EZH2/p38 signaling pathway may offer novel strategies to protect kidneys from acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Foshan Chancheng Central Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Mei-Juan Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, 528000, China
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Huang S, Wang Z, Zhou J, Huang J, Zhou L, Luo J, Wan YY, Long H, Zhu B. EZH2 Inhibitor GSK126 Suppresses Antitumor Immunity by Driving Production of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2009-2020. [PMID: 30737232 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2) is a key epigenetic regulator of gene expression and is frequently overexpressed in various cancer types, suggesting a role in oncogenesis. The therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibitors is currently being explored, but their effect on antitumor immunity is largely unknown. Here we report that suppressing EZH2 activity using EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 resulted in increased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and fewer CD4+ and IFNγ+CD8+ T cells, which are involved in antitumor immunity. Addition of a neutralizing antibody against the myeloid differentiation antigen GR-1 or gemcitabine/5-fluorouracil-depleted MDSCs alleviated MDSC-mediated immunosuppression and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration and GSK126 therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistically, we identified a novel pathway of MDSC production in cancer in which EZH2 inhibition directs myeloid differentiation from primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. These findings suggest that modulating the tumor immune microenvironment may improve the efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a potential mechanism behind disappointing results of a phase I clinical trial of EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 and identifies a translatable combinational strategy to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North California
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, China
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Combinatorial Approach to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy: Rational Drug Design Strategy to Simultaneously Hit Multiple Targets to Kill Tumor Cells and to Activate the Immune System. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5245034. [PMID: 30853982 PMCID: PMC6377965 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive CAR T-cell therapy, has clearly established itself as an important modality to treat melanoma and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous clinical success of immunotherapy over other cancer treatments, this approach has shown substantial benefit to only some of the patients while the rest of the patients have not responded due to immune evasion. In recent years, a combination of cancer immunotherapy together with existing anticancer treatments has gained significant attention and has been extensively investigated in preclinical or clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of novel regimens combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with therapeutic interventions that (1) increase tumor immunogenicity such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and epigenetic therapy; (2) reverse tumor immunosuppression such as TAMs, MDSCs, and Tregs targeted therapy; and (3) reduce tumor burden and increase the immune effector response with rationally designed dual or triple inhibitory chemotypes.
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37
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Wang C, Su K, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chu D, Zhao Q, Guo R. MicroRNA-365 targets multiple oncogenes to inhibit proliferation, invasion, and self-renewal of aggressive endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5171-5185. [PMID: 30464615 PMCID: PMC6215916 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-365 (miR-365) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor miRNA. However, the role of miR-365 in progression of endometrial cancer (EC) has not been explored, in this study, we have found that re-expression of miRNA-365 inhibits cell proliferation, causes apoptosis and senescence. Materials and methods Overexpression of miR-365 attenuated cell migration and invasion, inhibited sphere-forming capacity, and enhanced the chemosensitivity to paclitaxel. In silico prediction tools identified the potential targets of miR-365. Results We identified EZH2 and FOS as targets of miR-365 and found that downregulating these genes imitated the tumor suppressive effect of miR-365. The outcomes of the study suggested that a reverse correlation existed between low miR-365 and overexpression of FOS and EZH2 in EC tissue specimens. Conclusion The study concludes that miR-365 acts as an important tumor suppressor and contributes by suppressing cell invasiveness, proliferation, and self-renewal in cancer cell lines by regulating multiple oncogenes. We establish that miR-365-EZH2/FOS pathway is an important target for treating EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Danxia Chu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China,
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Huang K, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Guo C, Yang M, Liu J, Xia L, Zhang J. Hotair mediates tumorigenesis through recruiting EZH2 in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6071-6077. [PMID: 30362162 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐bin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Shi‐pai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Yong‐jun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Chun‐hua Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Min Yang
- Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co, Ltd Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co, Ltd Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Li‐gang Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Jin‐fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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39
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Zhang Y, Zheng D, Zhou T, Song H, Hulsurkar M, Su N, Liu Y, Wang Z, Shao L, Ittmann M, Gleave M, Han H, Xu F, Liao W, Wang H, Li W. Androgen deprivation promotes neuroendocrine differentiation and angiogenesis through CREB-EZH2-TSP1 pathway in prostate cancers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4080. [PMID: 30287808 PMCID: PMC6172226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPC) related to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is rising. NEPC is still poorly understood, such as its neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and angiogenic phenotypes. Here we reveal that NED and angiogenesis are molecularly connected through EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2). NED and angiogenesis are both regulated by ADT-activated CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) that in turn enhances EZH2 activity. We also uncover anti-angiogenic factor TSP1 (thrombospondin-1, THBS1) as a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. TSP1 is downregulated in advanced prostate cancer patient samples and negatively correlates with NE markers and EZH2. Furthermore, castration activates the CREB/EZH2 axis, concordantly affecting TSP1, angiogenesis and NE phenotypes in tumor xenografts. Notably, repressing CREB inhibits the CREB/EZH2 axis, tumor growth, NED, and angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, we elucidate a new critical pathway, consisting of CREB/EZH2/TSP1, underlying ADT-enhanced NED and angiogenesis during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510513, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Breast and Thyroid Surgery Center, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mohit Hulsurkar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ning Su
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Long Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Huanxing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, 201400, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Herman Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Nakagawa S, Okabe H, Ouchi M, Tokunaga R, Umezaki N, Higashi T, Kaida T, Arima K, Kitano Y, Kuroki H, Mima K, Nitta H, Imai K, Hashimoto D, Yamashita YI, Chikamoto A, Baba H. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates tumor angiogenesis and predicts recurrence and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:939-948. [PMID: 29759640 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and regulates tumor malignancy by gene silencing via histone methylation. In this study we investigate the role of EZH2 in angiogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS The influence of EZH2 on tumor angiogenesis was examined by bioinformatics analysis of a public database. We also assessed the correlation between EZH2 and vasohibin 1 (VASH1) expression in 47 patients with ICC by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and in vitro gene silencing assays. The prognostic significance of EZH2 and VASH1 expression by IHC was also examined in the ICC cohort. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that EZH2 was associated with several angiogenesis gene sets in the public database. EZH2 suppressed VASH1 expression in in vitro assays and IHC studies. EZH2-high/VASH1-low status was independently associated with poor disease-free survival (P = 0.019) and poor overall survival (P = 0.0055). CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that high EZH2 expression was associated with activation of tumor angiogenesis, and activation of the EZH2-mediated angiogenesis pathway predicted the prognosis of patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Nakagawa
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ouchi
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezaki
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kaida
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitano
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroki
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Chikamoto
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Kumamoto University - Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan
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41
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miR-137 mediates the functional link between c-Myc and EZH2 that regulates cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:564-580. [PMID: 30166592 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are used in first-line to treat ovarian cancer, but most of the patients eventually generate resistance after treatment with these drugs. Although both c-Myc and EZH2 have been implicated in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, the interplay between these two regulators is poorly understood. Using RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq), for the first time we find that miR-137 level is extremely low in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells, correlating with higher levels of c-Myc and EZH2 expression. Further analyses indicate that in resistant cells c-Myc enhances the expression of EZH2 by directly suppressing miR-137 that targets EZH2 mRNA, and increased expression of EZH2 activates cellular survival pathways, resulting in the resistance to cisplatin. Inhibition of c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway re-sensitizes resistant cells to cisplatin. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that cisplatin treatment activates c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway. Importantly, elevated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in resistant cells is sustained by dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (DUOXA1)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significantly, clinical studies further confirm the activated c-Myc-miR-137-EZH2 pathway in platinum drug-resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Thus, our studies elucidate a novel role of miR-137 in regulating c-Myc-EZH2 axis that is crucial to the regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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42
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The Methylation Status of the Epigenome: Its Emerging Role in the Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth, and Potential for Drug Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080268. [PMID: 30103412 PMCID: PMC6115976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50 years ago, Judah Folkman raised the concept of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis for treating solid tumors. The development of anti-angiogenic drugs would decrease or even arrest tumor growth by restricting the delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplies, while at the same time display minimal toxic side effects to healthy tissues. Bevacizumab (Avastin)—a humanized monoclonal anti VEGF-A antibody—is now used as anti-angiogenic drug in several forms of cancers, yet with variable results. Recent years brought significant progresses in our understanding of the role of chromatin remodeling and epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many inhibitors of DNA methylation as well as of histone methylation, have been successfully tested in preclinical studies and some are currently undergoing evaluation in phase I, II or III clinical trials, either as cytostatic molecules—reducing the proliferation of cancerous cells—or as tumor angiogenesis inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the methylation status of the vascular epigenome, based on the genomic DNA methylation patterns with DNA methylation being mainly transcriptionally repressive, and lysine/arginine histone post-translational modifications which either promote or repress the chromatin transcriptional state. Finally, we discuss the potential use of “epidrugs” in efficient control of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis.
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43
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Lhuissier E, Aury-Landas J, Bouet V, Bazille C, Repesse Y, Freret T, Boumédiene K, Baugé C. Evaluation of the impact of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin A, on tissue injury and cognitive function in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20698-20708. [PMID: 29755682 PMCID: PMC5945538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients display cognitive impairment due, at least partly, to the treatments. Additionally, chemotherapeutic treatments can lead to organ injury, limiting their use, and are likely to have negative impacts on patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) on several tissues and organs, as well as on cognitive functions. DZNep is an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (in particular of the histone methyltransferase EZH2) which showed antitumoral functions in preclinical trials but whose effects on behavior and on organs (side effects) are not known. Chronic injections of DZNep were performed intraperitoneally in male NMRI mice (2 mg/kg; i.p.; three times per week) during 8 weeks. A follow-up of body weight was assessed during all experiments. Histological analysis were performed on several organs. EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 were assayed by western-blot. Several behavioral tests were performed during treatment and 2 weeks after. A particular focus was made on spontaneous locomotor activity, cognitive functions (spontaneous alternation and recognition memory), and anxiety- and depression-related behavior. Hematological modifications were also assessed. Chronic DZNep treatment transiently reduced animal growth. It had no effect on most organs but provoked a reversible splenomegaly, and persistent testis reduction and erythropoiesis. DZNep administration did not alter animal behavior. In conclusion, this study is encouraging for the use of DZNep for cancer treatment. Indeed, it has no effect on animal behavior, conferring an advantageous safety, and induces irreversible side effects limited on testis which are unfortunately found in most chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BioConnecT, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Service d'Anatomie Pathologie, Caen, France
| | - Yohann Repesse
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, EFS, PhIND, Caen, France.,CHU de Caen, Hématologie biologique, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CURB-BRP, Caen, France
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Migration/Invasion of Malignant Gliomas and Implications for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041115. [PMID: 29642503 PMCID: PMC5979613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are among cancers with the poorest prognosis, indicated by their association with tumors of high-level morbidity and mortality. Gliomas, the most common primary CNS tumors that arise from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells, have estimated annual incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 individuals in the USA, and 3.5 per 100,000 individuals in Taiwan. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major contributors to the deaths in cancer patients. Therapeutic goals including cancer stem cells (CSC), phenotypic shifts, EZH2/AXL/TGF-β axis activation, miRNAs and exosomes are relevant to GBM metastasis to develop novel targeted therapeutics for GBM and other brain cancers. Herein, we highlight tumor metastasis in our understanding of gliomas, and illustrate novel exosome therapeutic approaches in glioma, thereby paving the way towards innovative therapies in neuro-oncology.
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45
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Dong R, Liu XQ, Zhang BB, Liu BH, Zheng S, Dong KR. Long non-coding RNA-CRNDE: a novel regulator of tumor growth and angiogenesis in hepatoblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42087-42097. [PMID: 28178668 PMCID: PMC5522051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many biological processes, such as angiogenesis, invasion, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. They have emerged as key players in the pathology of several tumors, including hepatoblastoma. In this study, we elucidate the biological and clinical significance of CRNDE up-regulation in hepatoblastoma. CRNDE is significantly up-regulated in human hepatoblastoma specimens and metastatic hepatoblastoma cell lines. CRNDE knockdown reduces tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in vivo, and decreases hepatoblastoma cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenic effect in vitro. Mechanistic studies show that CRNDE knockdown plays its anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis role via regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Taken together, this study reveals a crucial role of CRNDE in the pathology of hepatoblastoma. CRNDE may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiang-Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Bai-Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Kui-Ran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
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Xie Y, Zhang H, Guo XJ, Feng YC, He RZ, Li X, Yu S, Zhao Y, Shen M, Zhu F, Wang X, Wang M, Balakrishnan A, Ott M, Peng F, Qin RY. Let-7c inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth but promotes tumor cell invasion and growth at extrahepatic sites. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29445149 PMCID: PMC5833708 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer type with high postoperative relapse rates and poor long-term survival largely due to tumor invasion, distant metastasis, and multidrug resistance. Deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in several cancer types including CCA. The specific roles of the miRNA let-7c in cholangiocarcinoma are not known and need to be further elucidated. In our translational study we show that microRNA let-7c expression was significantly downregulated in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues when compared to adjacent tissues of the same patient. Let-7c inhibited the tumorigenic properties of cholangiocarcinoma cells including their self-renewal capacity and sphere formation in vitro and subcutaneous cancer cell growth in vivo. Ectopic let-7c overexpression suppressed migration and invasion capacities of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in vitro, however, promoted distant invasiveness in vivo. Furthermore, we found that let-7c regulated the aforementioned malignant biological properties, at least in part, through regulation of EZH2 protein expression and through the DVL3/β-catenin axis. The miRNA let-7c thus plays an important dual role in regulating tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of human cholangiocarcinoma through mechanisms involving EZH2 protein and the DVL3/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xing-Jun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ye-Chen Feng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rui-Zhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Ren-Yi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Chen JF, Luo X, Xiang LS, Li HT, Zha L, Li N, He JM, Xie GF, Xie X, Liang HJ. EZH2 promotes colorectal cancer stem-like cell expansion by activating p21cip1-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41540-41558. [PMID: 27172794 PMCID: PMC5173077 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because colorectal cancer (CRC) stem-like cells (CCS-like cells) contribute to poor patient prognosis, these cells are a potential target for CRC therapy. However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of CCS-like cell properties remains unclear. Here, we found that patients with advanced stage CRC expressed high levels of polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2). High expression of EZH2 in tumor tissues correlated with poor patient prognosis. Conversely, silencing EZH2 reduced CRC cell proliferation. Surprisingly, EZH2 was more highly expressed in the CCS-like cell subpopulation than in the non-CCS-like cell subpopulation. EZH2 knockdown significantly reduced the CD133+/CD44+ subpopulation, suppressed mammosphere formation, and decreased the expression of self-renewal-related genes and strongly impaired tumor-initiating capacity in a re-implantation mouse model. Gene expression data from 433 human CRC specimens from TCGA database and in vitro results revealed that EZH2 helped maintain CCS-like cell properties by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We further revealed that p21cip1–mediated arrest of the cell cycle at G1/S phase is required for EZH2 activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the specific EZH2 inhibitor EPZ-6438, a clinical trial drug, prevented CRC progression. Collectively, these findings revealed EZH2 maintaining CCS-like cell characteristics by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. These results indicate a new approach to CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Sha Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zha
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ming He
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gan-Feng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hou-Jie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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48
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Anti-cancer effects of curcumin on lung cancer through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26535-50. [PMID: 27049834 PMCID: PMC5041997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is potentially therapeutic for malignant diseases. The mechanisms of this effect might involve a combination of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic activities. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided evidences that curcumin suppressed the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in lung cancer cells both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Curcumin inhibited the expression of EZH2 through microRNA (miR)-let 7c and miR-101. Curcumin decreased the expression of NOTCH1 through the inhibition of EZH2. There was a reciprocal regulation between EZH2 and NOTCH1 in lung cancer cells. These observations suggest that curcumin inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis at least partly through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1.
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Liu PP, Xu YJ, Teng ZQ, Liu CM. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2: Emerging Roles in the Central Nervous System. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:208-220. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858417747839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for catalyzing both di- and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me2/3). The subunits of PRC2 are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). PRC2 as well as H3K27me2/3, play distinct roles in neuronal identity, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, neuronal morphology, and gliogenesis. Mutations or dysregulations of PRC2 subunits often cause neurological diseases. Therefore, PRC2 might represent a common target of different pathological processes that drive neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the intricate and complex regulatory networks mediated by PRC2 in CNS will help to develop new therapeutic approaches and to generate specific brain cell types for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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50
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EZH2 Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs): Diagnostic and Prognostic Role in 10 Solid Tumor Types. EPIGENOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes1030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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