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Wen W, Zheng H, Li W, Huang G, Chen P, Zhu X, Cao Y, Li J, Huang X, Huang Y. Transcription factor EB: A potential integrated network regulator in metabolic-associated cardiac injury. Metabolism 2023; 147:155662. [PMID: 37517793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With the worldwide pandemic of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiometabolic disease (CMD) has become a significant cause of death in humans. However, the pathophysiology of metabolic-associated cardiac injury is complex and not completely clear, and it is important to explore new strategies and targets for the treatment of CMD. A series of pathophysiological disturbances caused by metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy dysfunction, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and endothelial dysfunction, may be related to the incidence and development of CMD. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), as a transcription factor, has been extensively studied for its role in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Recently, the regulatory role of TFEB in other biological processes, including the regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, etc. has been gradually revealed. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between TFEB and IR, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS, calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the potential regulatory mechanisms among them, to provide a comprehensive summary for TFEB as a potential new therapeutic target for CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), NO. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528308, China.
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Du H, Yang L, Zhang X. Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Aggravated the Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-Induced Damage of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular endothelial injury could induce many cardiovascular diseases. Recently, some studies have indicated that matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) was associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether higher levels of
MMP-7 were associated with the occurrence of the vascular endothelial injury is unclear. Material and methods: In this study, ox-LDL was used for the simulation of vascular endothelial injury in HUVECs. Next, we detected the expression of MMP-7 in these cells. After that, we established
the cell models with MMP-7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. At last, the apoptosis and inflammation of HUVECs were detected with corresponding assays. Results: After the stimulation of ox-LDL, the expression of MMP-7 was enhanced compared to the control groups. After the
stimulation of ox-LDL and the overexpression of MMP-7, the apoptosis rates of HUVECs were enhanced, while MMP-7 knockdown led to the decreased apoptosis rates of these cells. Furthermore, after the stimulation of ox-LDL and overexpression of MMP-7, the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6,
IL-1β and TNF-α) was promoted. Additionally, the expression of these proteins was repressed after knockdown of MMP-7. Conclusion: MMP-7 aggravated the ox-LDL-induced damage of HUVECs by promoting the apoptosis and inflammation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PKUCare Luzhong Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PKUCare Luzhong Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, China
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Sultan S, Ahmed F, Bajouh O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Subhi O, Karim S, Almalki S. Alterations of transcriptome expression, cell cycle, and mitochondrial superoxide reveal foetal endothelial dysfunction in Saudi women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2021; 68:1067-1079. [PMID: 33867398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects one in four Saudi women and is associated with high risks of cardiovascular diseases in both the mother and foetus. It is believed that endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction initiates these diabetic complications. In this study, differences in the transcriptome profiles, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial superoxide (MTS) between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from GDM patients and those from healthy (control) subjects were analysed. Transcriptome profiles were generated using high-density expression microarray. The selected four altered genes were validated using qRT-PCR. MTS and cell cycle were analysed by flow cytometry. A total of 84 altered genes were identified, comprising 52 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes in GDM.HUVECs. Our selection of the four interested altered genes (TGFB2, KITLG, NEK7, and IGFBP5) was based on the functional network analysis, which revealed that these altered genes are belonging to the highest enrichment score associated with cellular function and proliferation; all of which may contribute to ECs dysfunction. The cell cycle revealed an increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase in GDM.HUVECs, indicating cell cycle arrest. In addition, we found that GDM.HUVECs had increased MTS generation. In conclusion, GDM induces persistent impairment of the biological functions of foetal ECs, as evidenced by analyses of transcriptome profiles, cell cycle, and MTS even after ECs culture in vitro for several passages under normal glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Almalki
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tantisattamo E, Dafoe DC, Ferrey AJ, Ichii H, Lee RA, Zuckerman JE, Sisk AEJR, Farzaneh T, Guccione J, Kabutey NK, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Reddy UG. Kidney allograft infarction associated with transplant renal artery stenosis in a COVID-19 kidney transplant recipient. Clin Nephrol Case Stud 2021; 9:93-104. [PMID: 34476173 PMCID: PMC8387732 DOI: 10.5414/cncs110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney allograft infarction is rare, but an urgent condition that requires prompt intervention to avoid allograft loss. Renal artery thrombosis is the leading cause of infarction. Apart from traditional risk factors for thrombosis, emerging SARS-CoV-2 predisposes patients to thrombotic diseases both in arterial and venous vasculatures. We report a case of kidney transplant recipient with known transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) status post angioplasty with severe COVID-19, complicated by oliguric acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). She did not have a history of thromboembolic disease. The hospital course was complicated by new-onset atrial and ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest requiring multiple rounds of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. She had no signs of renal recovery, and an abdominal CT scan showed evidence of allograft infarcts. She underwent an allograft nephrectomy. Pathology revealed diffuse thrombotic microangiopathy involving glomeruli, arterioles, and arteries associated with diffuse cortical infarction with negative SARS-CoV-2 immunostain and in situ hybridization. This is the first case of kidney allograft infarct with a history of TRAS in a COVID-19 patient. Underlying TRAS and COVID-19-associated thrombosis in this patient are unique and likely play a key role in allograft infarction from arterial thrombosis. Recognizing risk factors and early therapy for allograft infarction may improve transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA
- Multi-Organ Transplant Center, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Donald C. Dafoe
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Antoney J. Ferrey
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Richard A. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
| | - Jonathan E. Zuckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Anthony E. JR. Sisk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Ted Farzaneh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jack Guccione
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine
| | - Nii-Kabu Kabutey
- Division of Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, and
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA
- Lundquist Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Uttam G. Reddy
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA
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5
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Wu Y, Vazquez-Prada KX, Liu Y, Whittaker AK, Zhang R, Ta HT. Recent Advances in the Development of Theranostic Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:499-514. [PMID: 34367883 PMCID: PMC8342263 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.62730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. CVD includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels such as myocardial infarction, ischemic heart, ischemic injury, injured arteries, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Amongst these, atherosclerosis is the dominant cause of CVD and is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessel wall. Diagnosis and treatment of CVD remain the main challenge due to the complexity of their pathophysiology. To overcome the limitations of current treatment and diagnostic techniques, theranostic nanomaterials have emerged. The term "theranostic nanomaterials" refers to a multifunctional agent with both therapeutic and diagnostic abilities. Theranostic nanoparticles can provide imaging contrast for a diversity of techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). In addition, they can treat CVD using photothermal ablation and/or medication by the drugs in nanoparticles. This review discusses the latest advances in theranostic nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs according to the order of disease development. MRI, CT, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and fluorescence are the most widely used strategies on theranostics for CVDs detection. Different treatment methods for CVDs based on theranostic nanoparticles have also been discussed. Moreover, current problems of theranostic nanoparticles for CVDs detection and treatment and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karla X. Vazquez-Prada
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yajun Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, the University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang T. Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Dubey AK, Kalita J, Chaudhary SK, Misra UK. Impact of anticoagulation status on recanalization and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 89:43-50. [PMID: 34119293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective anticoagulation status may determine the recanalization and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We report impact of anticoagulation status on recanalization and outcome of CVT. This is a retrospective study on 126 patients with CVT diagnosed on magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Their clinical features and risk factors were noted. The data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained registry, and international normalized ratio (INR) was noted after discharge till 3 months. All the patients were on acenocoumarol. Based on INR value, patients were categorized as Group A (effective anticoagulation INR within the therapeutic range or above) and Group B (ineffective anticoagulation INR > 50% below the therapeutic range). A repeat MRV at 3 months was done for recanalization. Outcome at 3 months was evaluated using modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and categorized as good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS 2 or more) 101(80.2%) patients were in group A and 25(19.8%) in group B. Their demographic, risk factors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRV findings were comparable. On repeat MRV, recanalization occurred in 22/24(91.7%); 15(88%) in group A and 7(100%) in group B. Recanalization was independent of coagulation status. Seven (5.6%) patients died and 107(84.9%) had good outcome; 85(84.2%) in group A and 22(88%) in group B. Kaplan Meier analysis also did not reveal survival or good outcome benefits between the groups. In CVT, outcome and recanalization at 3 months are not dependent on coagulation status. Further prospective studies are needed regarding duration of anticoagulant and its impact on recanalization and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Dubey
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India.
| | - Sarvesh K Chaudhary
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Usha K Misra
- Apollo Medics Super-specialty Hospitals and Senior consultant neurologist, Vivekanand Polyclinic, and Institute of Medical science, Lucknow 226001, India
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7
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Peelen DM, Hoogduijn MJ, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. Advanced in vitro Research Models to Study the Role of Endothelial Cells in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607953. [PMID: 33664744 PMCID: PMC7921837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a key role in acute and chronic rejection of solid organ transplants. During both processes the endothelium is damaged often with major consequences for organ function. Also, endothelial cells (EC) have antigen-presenting properties and can in this manner initiate and enhance alloreactive immune responses. For decades, knowledge about these roles of EC have been obtained by studying both in vitro and in vivo models. These experimental models poorly imitate the immune response in patients and might explain why the discovery and development of agents that control EC responses is hampered. In recent years, various innovative human 3D in vitro models mimicking in vivo organ structure and function have been developed. These models will extend the knowledge about the diverse roles of EC in allograft rejection and will hopefully lead to discoveries of new targets that are involved in the interactions between the donor organ EC and the recipient's immune system. Moreover, these models can be used to gain a better insight in the mode of action of the currently prescribed immunosuppression and will enhance the development of novel therapeutics aiming to reduce allograft rejection and prolong graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M Peelen
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Táborská J, Riedelová Z, Brynda E, Májek P, Riedel T. Endothelialization of an ePTFE vessel prosthesis modified with an antithrombogenic fibrin/heparin coating enriched with bound growth factors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5903-5913. [PMID: 35423133 PMCID: PMC8694727 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and late thrombosis remain the most frequent reasons for the failure of synthetic cardiovascular grafts. Long-term hemocompatibility of implanted synthetic grafts can be achieved if a natural living endothelium is formed over its blood-contacting surface. Here we present a modification of a standard expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) vessel prosthesis by a controlled preparation of a fibrin mesh enriched with covalently bound heparin and noncovalently bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Compared to a bare prosthesis, the coated prosthesis showed excellent antithrombogenic properties after contact with heparinized fresh human blood. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded on the inner surface of the coated prosthesis formed a confluent layer in 5 days, whereas only small colonies of cells were scattered on the bare prosthesis. Viability of the cells was promoted mainly by FGF immobilized on the coating. These findings suggest that the coating may prevent acute thrombus formation and support the self-endothelialization of an implanted ePTFE vascular graft in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanka Táborská
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského Náměstí 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Riedelová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského Náměstí 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Brynda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského Náměstí 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Májek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion U Nemocnice 1 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Riedel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Heyrovského Náměstí 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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9
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Ding WY, Protty MB, Davies IG, Lip GYH. Relationship between lipoproteins, thrombosis and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:716-731. [PMID: 33483737 PMCID: PMC8859639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs as a result of multifaceted interactions, known as Virchow’s triad of hypercoagulability, structural abnormalities, and blood stasis. More recently, there is emerging evidence that lipoproteins are implicated in this process, beyond their traditional role in atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the various lipoproteins and explore the association between lipoproteins and AF, the effects of lipoproteins on haemostasis, and the potential contribution of lipoproteins to thrombogenesis in AF. There are several types of lipoproteins based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoprotein category, namely: chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. Each of these lipoproteins may contain numerous lipid species and proteins with a variety of different functions. Furthermore, the lipoprotein particles may be oxidized causing an alteration in their structure and content. Of note, there is a paradoxical inverse relationship between total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and incident AF. The mechanism by which this occurs may be related to the stabilizing effect of cholesterol on myocardial membranes, along with its role in inflammation. Overall, specific lipoproteins may interact with haemostatic pathways to promote excess platelet activation and thrombin generation, as well as inhibiting fibrinolysis. In this regard, LDL-C has been shown to be an independent risk factor for thromboembolic events in AF. The complex relationship between lipoproteins, thrombosis and AF warrants further research with an aim to improve our knowledge base and contribute to our overall understanding of lipoprotein-mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Yew Ding
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Majd B Protty
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Zhang B, Hu X, Wang H, Wang R, Sun Z, Tan X, Liu S, Wang H. Effects of a dammarane-type saponin, ginsenoside Rd, in nicotine-induced vascular endothelial injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153325. [PMID: 32920289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a traditional medicinal plant widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rd (GRd) is a major bioactive component of P. notoginseng, but specific effects on cardiovascular disease-related pathogenic processes are rarely studied, especially vascular endothelial injury. PURPOSE This study investigated the potential protective efficacy of GRd against nicotine-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, disruption of vascular nitric oxide (NO) signaling, aberrant endothelium-monocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Vascular endothelial injury and functional disruption were investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by biochemical assays for nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II (Ang II), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting for expression analyses of apoptosis- related proteins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Ang II type receptor 1 (AGTR1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, vascular protection by GRd was examined in nicotine-administered Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by serum NO and Ang II assays, and by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunostaining of aorta. We also examined effects of GRd on monocyte (THP-1 cells) adhesion assays, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, and phenylephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstriction of isolated rat aortic rings. RESULTS In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c). All of these changes were significantly reversed by GRd. In rats, oral GRd reversed the reduction NO and enhanced Ang II production in serum induced by nicotine administration, and HE staining revealed protection of aortic endothelial cells. In addition, GRd reversed nicotine-mediated enhancement of HUVECs-monocyte adhesion, inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and PE-induced vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION GRd may prevent nicotine-induced cardiovascular diseases by preserving normal vascular endothelial NO signaling, suppressing platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, and by preventing endothelial cell-monocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Huizhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Zhongxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China.
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11
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Jahn SK, Hennicke T, Kassack MU, Drews L, Reichert AS, Fritz G. Distinct influence of the anthracycline derivative doxorubicin on the differentiation efficacy of mESC-derived endothelial progenitor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118711. [PMID: 32224192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a highly relevant, because often life-threatening, adverse effect of doxorubicin (Doxo)-based anticancer therapy. Here, we investigated the Doxo-response of cardiovascular stem/progenitor cells employing a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-based in vitro differentiation model. Endothelial progenitor cells revealed a pronounced Doxo sensitivity as compared to mESC, differentiated endothelial-like (EC) and cardiomyocyte-like cells (CM) and CM progenitors, which rests on the activation of senescence. Doxo treatment of EC progenitors altered protein expression of individual endothelial markers, actin cytoskeleton morphology, mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial functions, autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA repair as well as mitochondrial DNA content, respiration and ATP production in the surviving differentiated EC progeny. By contrast, LDL uptake, ATP-stimulated Ca2+ release, and cytokine-stimulated ICAM-1 expression remained unaffected by the anthracycline treatment. Thus, exposure of EC progenitors to Doxo elicits isolated and persistent dysfunctions in the surviving EC progeny. In conclusion, we suggest that Doxo-induced injury of EC progenitors adds to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, making this cell-type a preferential target for pharmacoprotective and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Jahn
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatiana Hennicke
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Drews
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Triggle CR, Ding H, Marei I, Anderson TJ, Hollenberg MD. Why the endothelium? The endothelium as a target to reduce diabetes-associated vascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:415-430. [PMID: 32150686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that it is a single layer of cells that serves as a barrier between the blood stream and vascular smooth muscle to an understanding of its role as an essential endocrine-like organ. In terms of historical contributions, we pay particular credit to (1) the Canadian scientist Dr. Rudolf Altschul who, based on pathological changes in the appearance of the endothelium, advanced the argument in 1954 that "one is only as old as one's endothelium" and (2) the American scientist Dr. Robert Furchgott, a 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, who identified the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of blood flow. This review provides a brief history of how our knowledge of endothelial function has advanced and now recognize that the endothelium produces a plethora of signaling molecules possessing paracrine, autocrine, and, arguably, systemic hormone functions. In addition, the endothelium is a therapeutic target for the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that offset the vascular disease associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hong Ding
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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13
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Haywood NJ, Slater TA, Drozd M, Warmke N, Matthews C, Cordell PA, Smith J, Rainford J, Cheema H, Maher C, Bridge KI, Yuldasheva NY, Cubbon RM, Kearney MT, Wheatcroft SB. IGFBP-1 in Cardiometabolic Pathophysiology-Insights From Loss-of-Function and Gain-of-Function Studies in Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvz006. [PMID: 32190801 PMCID: PMC7074193 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that overexpression of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 in mice leads to vascular insulin sensitization, increased nitric oxide bioavailability, reduced atherosclerosis, and enhanced vascular repair, and in the setting of obesity improves glucose tolerance. Human studies suggest that low levels of IGFBP-1 are permissive for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here we seek to determine whether loss of IGFBP-1 plays a causal role in the predisposition to cardiometabolic disease. Metabolic phenotyping was performed in transgenic mice with homozygous knockout of IGFBP-1. This included glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I tolerance testing under normal diet and high-fat feeding conditions. Vascular phenotyping was then performed in the same mice using vasomotor aortic ring studies, flow cytometry, vascular wire injury, and angiogenesis assays. These were complemented with vascular phenotyping of IGFBP-1 overexpressing mice. Metabolic phenotype was similar in IGFBP-1 knockout and wild-type mice subjected to obesity. Deletion of IGFBP-1 inhibited endothelial regeneration following injury, suggesting that IGFBP-1 is required for effective vascular repair. Developmental angiogenesis was unaltered by deletion or overexpression of IGFBP-1. Recovery of perfusion following hind limb ischemia was unchanged in mice lacking or overexpressing IGFBP-1; however, overexpression of IGFBP-1 stimulated hindlimb perfusion and angiogenesis in insulin-resistant mice. These findings provide new insights into the role of IGFBP-1 in metabolic and vascular pathophysiology. Irrespective of whether loss of IGFBP-1 plays a causal role in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, increasing IGFBP-1 levels appears effective in promoting neovascularization in response to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas A Slater
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Drozd
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nele Warmke
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Connor Matthews
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul A Cordell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jessica Smith
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jethro Rainford
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Harneet Cheema
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caitlyn Maher
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katherine I Bridge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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14
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Su J, Hughes AD, Simonsen U, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Parker KH, Howard LS, Mellemkjaer S. Impact of pulmonary endarterectomy on pulmonary arterial wave propagation and reservoir function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H505-H516. [PMID: 31225986 PMCID: PMC6703995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High wave speed and large wave reflection in the pulmonary artery have previously been reported in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We assessed the impact of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) on pulmonary arterial wave propagation and reservoir function in patients with CTEPH. Right heart catheterization was performed using a combined pressure and Doppler flow sensor-tipped guidewire to obtain simultaneous pressure and flow velocity measurements in the pulmonary artery in eight patients with CTEPH before and 3 mo after PEA. Wave intensity and reservoir-excess pressure analyses were then performed. Following PEA, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPm; ∼49 vs. ∼32 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; ∼11.1 vs. ∼5.1 Wood units), and wave speed (∼16.5 vs. ∼8.1 m/s), i.e., local arterial stiffness, markedly decreased. The changes in the intensity of the reflected arterial wave and wave reflection index (pre: ∼28%; post: ∼22%) were small, and patients post-PEA with and without residual pulmonary hypertension (i.e., PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg) had similar wave reflection index (∼20 vs. ∼23%). The reservoir and excess pressure decreased post-PEA, and the changes were associated with improved right ventricular afterload, function, and size. In conclusion, although PVR and arterial stiffness decreased substantially following PEA, large wave reflection persisted, even in patients without residual pulmonary hypertension, indicating lack of improvement in vascular impedance mismatch. This may continue to affect the optimal ventriculoarterial interaction, and further studies are warranted to determine whether this contributes to persistent symptoms in some patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We performed wave intensity analysis in the pulmonary artery in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension before and 3 mo after pulmonary endarterectomy. Despite substantial reduction in pulmonary arterial pressures, vascular resistance, and arterial stiffness, large pulmonary arterial wave reflection persisted 3 mo postsurgery, even in patients without residual pulmonary hypertension, suggestive of lack of improvement in vascular impedance mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D Hughes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim H Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S Howard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Soren Mellemkjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Sox17 is required for endothelial regeneration following inflammation-induced vascular injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2126. [PMID: 31073164 PMCID: PMC6509327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the endothelial cell barrier after inflammatory injury is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis and normalizing leukocyte transmigration. However, the mechanisms of endothelial regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we show that the endothelial and hematopoietic developmental transcription factor Sox17 promotes endothelial regeneration in the endotoxemia model of endothelial injury. Genetic lineage tracing studies demonstrate that the native endothelium itself serves as the primary source of endothelial cells repopulating the vessel wall following injury. We identify Sox17 as a key regulator of endothelial cell regeneration using endothelial-specific deletion and overexpression of Sox17. Endotoxemia upregulates Hypoxia inducible factor 1α, which in turn transcriptionally activates Sox17 expression. We observe that Sox17 increases endothelial cell proliferation via upregulation of Cyclin E1. Furthermore, endothelial-specific upregulation of Sox17 in vivo enhances lung endothelial regeneration. We conclude that endotoxemia adaptively activates Sox17 expression to mediate Cyclin E1-dependent endothelial cell regeneration and restore vascular homeostasis.
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16
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Sultan S. The effect of maternal type 2 diabetes on fetal endothelial gene expression and function. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:73-85. [PMID: 30167870 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal type 2 diabetes (T2D) can result in adverse pathological outcomes to both the mother and fetus. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of maternal T2D on the gene expression patterns and functions of fetal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a representative of fetal vascular cells. METHODS Cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS production and cell cycle were measured using flowcytometry. Genome-wide expression was measured using Affymetrix microarray. Gene expression of CCND2, STAT1, ITGB8, ALDH2, and ADAMTS5 was measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS HUVECs derived from T2D mothers (T2D-HUVECs) showed elevated levels of mitochondrial superoxide anions, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis rates relative to HUVECs derived from healthy control mothers (C.HUVECs). In addition , T2D-HUVECs showed a decreased proportion of cells in G0/G1 and cell cycle arrest at the S phases relative to controls. Interestingly, microarray experiments revealed significant differences in genome-wide expression profiles between T2D-HUVECs and C.HUVECs. In particular, the analysis identified 90 upregulated genes and 42 downregulated genes. The upregulated genes CCND2, STAT1, ITGB8, ALDH2, and ADAMTS5 were validated as potential biomarkers for fetal endothelial dysfunction. Functional network analysis revealed that these genes are the important players that participate in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, which in turn influences the inflammatory response, cellular movement, and cardiovascular system development and function. CONCLUSION Sustained alterations in the overall function of T2D-HUVEC and gene expression profiles provided insights into the role of maternal T2D on the pathophysiology of the fetal endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Sapp RM, Hagberg JM. CrossTalk opposing view: Acute exercise does not elicit damage to the endothelial layer of systemic blood vessels in healthy individuals. J Physiol 2018; 596:541-544. [PMID: 29355944 DOI: 10.1113/jp274751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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18
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Innovative Tissue-Engineered and Synthetic Vascular Graft Models for the Treatment of PAD in Small-Diameter Arteries. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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20
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Bayesian Semiparametric Model for Pathway-Based Analysis with Zero-Inflated Clinical Outcomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13253-016-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Amin M, Pushpakumar S, Muradashvili N, Kundu S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Regulation and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular diseases. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2016; 21:89-118. [PMID: 26709763 PMCID: PMC5462461 DOI: 10.2741/4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases whose main function is to degrade and deposit structural proteins within the extracellular matrix (ECM). A dysregulation of MMPs is linked to vascular diseases. MMPs are classified into collagenases, gelatinases, membrane-type, metalloelastase, stromelysins, matrilysins, enamelysins, and unclassified subgroups. The production of MMPs is stimulated by factors such as oxidative stress, growth factors and inflammation which lead to its up- or down-regulation with subsequent ECM remodeling. Normally, excess activation of MMPs is controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in hypertension, atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, aortic aneurysms and varicose vein wall remodeling. Also, recent evidence suggests epigenetic regulation of some MMPs in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Over the years, pharmacological inhibitors of MMPs have been used to modify or prevent the development of the disease with some success. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MMP biology, and their involvement in the manifestation of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202,
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Lupieri A, Smirnova N, Malet N, Gayral S, Laffargue M. PI3K signaling in arterial diseases: Non redundant functions of the PI3K isoforms. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:4-18. [PMID: 26238239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death around the world. This includes atherosclerosis and the adverse effects of its treatment, such as restenosis and thrombotic complications. The development of these arterial pathologies requires a series of highly-intertwined interactions between immune and arterial cells, leading to specific inflammatory and fibroproliferative cellular responses. In the last few years, the study of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) functions has become an attractive area of investigation in the field of arterial diseases, especially since inhibitors of specific PI3K isoforms have been developed. The PI3K family includes 8 members divided into classes I, II or III depending on their substrate specificity. Although some of the different isoforms are responsible for the production of the same 3-phosphoinositides, they each have specific, non-redundant functions as a result of differences in expression levels in different cell types, activation mechanisms and specific subcellular locations. This review will focus on the functions of the different PI3K isoforms that are suspected as having protective or deleterious effects in both the various immune cells and types of cell found in the arterial wall. It will also discuss our current understanding in the context of which PI3K isoform(s) should be targeted for future therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lupieri
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Natalia Smirnova
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, U1048, I2MC and Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31300, France.
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23
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Heidari M, Mandato CA, Lehoux S. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation and the extracellular matrix. Artery Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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24
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Favero G, Paganelli C, Buffoli B, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Endothelium and its alterations in cardiovascular diseases: life style intervention. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:801896. [PMID: 24719887 PMCID: PMC3955677 DOI: 10.1155/2014/801896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, which forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics, is a highly metabolically active organ that is involved in many physiopathological processes, including the control of vasomotor tone, barrier function, leukocyte adhesion, and trafficking and inflammation. In this review, we summarized and described the following: (i) endothelial cell function in physiological conditions and (ii) endothelial cell activation and dysfunction in the main cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, and hypertension) and to diabetes, cigarette smoking, and aging physiological process. Finally, we presented the currently available evidence that supports the beneficial effects of physical activity and various dietary compounds on endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Corrado Paganelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Chan CK, Liao SY, Zhang YL, Xu A, Tse HF, Vanhoutte PM. Protective effects of histamine on Gq-mediated relaxation in regenerated endothelium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H286-90. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the porcine coronary artery, regenerated endothelium is dysfunctional as regards the responses to endothelium-dependent agonists. The current study aimed to determine the possible involvement of histamine in such dysfunction. Pigs were treated chronically with pyrilamine (H1 receptor inhibitor, 2 mg·kg−1·day−1) with part of their coronary endothelium and allowed to regenerate for 28 days after balloon denudation. The results showed a reduction in relaxation to bradykinin (Gq protein dependent) only in the pyrilamine-treated group (area under the curve, 269.7 ± 13.4 vs. 142.0 ± 31.0, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium) but not in the control group (253.0 ± 22.1 vs. 231.9 ± 29.5, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). The differences in the relaxation to serotonin (Gi protein dependent) between native and regenerated endothelium were not affected by the pyrilamine treatment (control group, 106.3 ± 17.0 vs. 55.61 ± 12.7; and pyrilamine group, 106.0 ± 8.20 vs. 49.30 ± 6.31, native endothelium vs. regenerated endothelium). These findings indicate that during regeneration of the endothelium, the activation of H1 receptors by endogenous histamine may be required to maintain the endothelium-dependent Gq protein-mediated relaxation to bradykinin, suggesting a beneficial role of the monoamine in the process of endothelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin K. Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Song Yan Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Lin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, China; and
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Tahir H, Bona-Casas C, Hoekstra AG. Modelling the effect of a functional endothelium on the development of in-stent restenosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66138. [PMID: 23785479 PMCID: PMC3681932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of stenosed coronary arteries by balloon angioplasty and stenting results in arterial injury including severe damage to the endothelium at the site of treatment and initiates a complex cascade of inflammatory processes that may lead to the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Many clinical and biological factors involved in the progression of restenotic lesions have been studied in detail over the past few years but the mystery behind the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease is still unresolved. In the present work, the effects of re-endothelialization and nitric oxide release on neointimal growth are investigated in-silico using a two dimensional multi-scale model of ISR. The effect of stent deployment depths on the development of ISR is studied as a function of time after stenting. Two dimensional domains were prepared by deploying bare metal stent struts at three different deployment depths into the tissue. Shear stress distribution on endothelial cells, obtained by blood flow simulations, was translated into nitric oxide production that keeps the smooth muscle cells in quiescent state. The cellular growth trends were plotted as a function of time and the data indicate a positive correlation between the neointimal growths and strut deployment depths in the presence of a functional endothelium, in qualitative agreement with in-vivo data. Additionally, no ISR is observed if a functional endothelium appears much earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Tahir
- Computational Science, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xiong Y, Chan WY, Chua AWC, Feng J, Gopal P, Ong YS, Song C. Decellularized porcine saphenous artery for small-diameter tissue-engineered conduit graft. Artif Organs 2013; 37:E74-87. [PMID: 23566255 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized xenografts have been identified as potential scaffolds for small-diameter vascular substitutes. This study aimed to develop and investigate a biomechanically functional and biocompatible acellular conduit using decellularized porcine saphenous arteries (DPSAs), through a modified decellularization process using Triton X-100/NH4 OH solution and serum-containing medium. Histological and biochemical analysis indicated a high degree of cellular removal and preservation of the extracellular matrix. Bursting pressure tests showed that the DPSAs could withstand a pressure of 1854 ± 164 mm Hg. Assessment of in vitro cell adhesion and biocompatibility showed that porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were able to adhere and proliferate on DPSAs in static and rotational culture. After interposition into rabbit carotid arteries in vivo, DPSAs showed patency rates of 60% at 1 month and 50% at 3 months. No aneurysm and intimal hyperplasia were observed in any DPSAs. All patent grafts showed regeneration of vascular elements, and thrombotic occlusion was found to be the main cause of graft failure, probably due to remaining xenoantigens. In conclusion, this study showed the development and evaluation of a decellularization process with the potential to be used as small-diameter grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Fearon IM, Gaça MD, Nordskog BK. In vitro models for assessing the potential cardiovascular disease risk associated with cigarette smoking. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:513-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Regular aerobic exercise protects against impaired fasting plasma glucose-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:325-31. [PMID: 23025811 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction is exacerbated by IFG (impaired fasting plasma glucose) and that regular aerobic exercise prevents this effect. Data were analysed from a cohort of 131 non-smoking men and women without overt clinical disease. Compared with young adult controls (age=24±1 years, n=29; values are means±S.E.M.), brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation), a measure of conduit artery EDD (endothelium-dependent dilation), was 33% lower [7.93±0.33 against 5.27±0.37%Δ (% change), P<0.05] in MA/O (middle-aged/older) adults with NFG (normal fasting plasma glucose) (≤99 mg/dl, 62±1 years, n=35). In MA/O adults with IFG (100-125 mg/dl, 64±1 years, n=28), FMD was 30% lower (3.37±0.35%Δ) than in their peers with NFG and 58% lower than young controls (P<0.05). Brachial artery FMD was greater (6.38±0.35%Δ) in MA/O adults with NFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (>45 min/day for ≥5 days/week, 62±1 years, n=23) compared with their non-exercising peers and only slightly less than young controls (P<0.05). Most importantly, FMD was completely preserved in MA/O adults with IFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (6.99±0.69%Δ, 65±1 years, n=16). In the pooled sample, fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to FMD (r=-0.42, P<0.01) and was the strongest independent predictor of FMD (R(2)=0.32). Group differences in FMD were not affected by other subject characteristics or brachial artery properties, including brachial artery dilation to sublingual NTG (nitroglycerine, i.e. endothelium-independent dilation). IFG exacerbates age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and this adverse effect is completely prevented in MA/O adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise.
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Maron BA, Tang SS, Loscalzo J. S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22770551 PMCID: PMC3518544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Chan CK, Zhao Y, Liao SY, Zhang YL, Lee MYK, Xu A, Tse HF, Vanhoutte PM. A-FABP and oxidative stress underlie the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin and the intima-medial thickening in the porcine coronary artery with regenerated endothelium. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:122-9. [PMID: 23336051 DOI: 10.1021/cn3000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments were designed to determine the cause of the selective dysfunction of G(i) proteins, characterized by a reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), in coronary arteries lined with regenerated endothelial cells. Part of the endothelium of the left anterior descending coronary artery of female pigs was removed in vivo to induce regeneration. The animals were treated chronically with vehicle (control), apocynin (antioxidant), or BMS309403 (A-FABP inhibitor) for 28 days before functional examination and histological analysis of segments of coronary arteries with native or regenerated endothelium of the same hearts. Isometric tension was recorded in organ chambers and cumulative concentration-relaxation curves obtained in response to endothelium-dependent [serotonin (G(i) protein mediated activation of eNOS) and bradykinin (G(q) protein mediated activation of eNOS)] and independent [detaNONOate (cGMP-mediated), isoproterenol (cAMP-mediated)] vasodilators. The two inhibitors tested did not acutely affect relaxations of preparations with either native or regenerated endothelium. In the chronically treated groups, however, both apocynin and BMS309403 abolished the reduction in relaxation to serotonin in segments covered with regenerated endothelium and prevented the intima-medial thickening caused by endothelial regeneration, without affecting responses to bradykinin or endothelium-independent agonists (detaNONOate and isoproterenol). Thus, inhibition of either oxidative stress or A-FABP likely prevents both the selective dysfunction of G(i) protein mediated relaxation to serotonin and the neointimal thickening resulting from endothelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- Department of BIN Fusion
Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Yang J, Zeng Y, Zhang C, Chen YX, Yang Z, Li Y, Leng X, Kong D, Wei XQ, Sun HF, Song CX. The prevention of restenosis in vivo with a VEGF gene and paclitaxel co-eluting stent. Biomaterials 2012. [PMID: 23199742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term clinical studies of drug-eluting stents (DES) have reported high incidence of late thrombosis. Given the growing concern over the clinical application of this technology, we have developed a stent coated with bi-layered PLGA nanoparticles (BL-PLGA NPs) containing VEGF plasmid in the outer layer and paclitaxel (PTX) in the inner core (VEGF/PTX NPs). We hypothesized that early release of VEGF gene would promote re-endothelialization, while slow release of PTX would suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation. Using Fc plasmid as a reporter gene, we observed that Fc/PTX NPs successfully expressed Fc protein, but did not show cytotoxicity or anti-proliferative effect during the first 7 days in cell culture. In contrast, PTX NPs showed strong anti-proliferative effect staring from day 1 in culture, suggesting sequential release of gene and PTX from the BL-PLGA NPs. In vivo effects of the treated stent were assessed in mini-swines. Implantation of GFP/PTX NP-coated stents revealed efficient local GFP gene transfection at day 7. VEGF/PTX NP-coated stents showed complete re-endothelialization and significantly suppressed in-stent restenosis after 1 month compared to commercial DES. In conclusion, the VEGF/PTX NP-coated stents promote early endothelium healing while inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation through sequential release of the VEGF gene and paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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Hagensen MK, Vanhoutte PM, Bentzon JF. Arterial endothelial cells: still the craftsmen of regenerated endothelium. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:281-9. [PMID: 22652005 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, a prevailing hypothesis in research related to arterial disease has been that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide protection by their innate ability to replace dysfunctional or damaged endothelium. This paradigm has led to extensive investigation of EPCs in the hope of finding therapeutic targets to control their homing and differentiation. However, from the very beginning, the nomenclature and the phenotype of EPCs have been subject to controversy and there are currently no specific markers that can unambiguously identify these cells. Moreover, many of the initial observations that EPCs differentiate to endothelial cells in the course of arterial disease have been criticized for methodological problems. The present review discusses the contrasting experimental evidence as to the role of EPCs in contributing to relining of the endothelium and highlights some of the methodological pitfalls and terminological ambiguities that confuse the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette K Hagensen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Triggle CR, Samuel SM, Ravishankar S, Marei I, Arunachalam G, Ding H. The endothelium: influencing vascular smooth muscle in many ways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:713-38. [PMID: 22625870 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, although only a single layer of cells lining the vascular and lymphatic systems, contributes in multiple ways to vascular homeostasis. Subsequent to the 1980 report by Robert Furchgott and John Zawadzki, there has been a phenomenal increase in our knowledge concerning the signalling molecules and pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication. It is now recognised that the endothelium is not only an important source of nitric oxide (NO), but also numerous other signalling molecules, including the putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which have both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor properties. In addition, the endothelium, either via transferred chemical mediators, such as NO and PGI(2), and (or) low-resistance electrical coupling through myoendothelial gap junctions, modulates flow-mediated vasodilatation as well as influencing mitogenic activity, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil adhesion. Disruption of endothelial function is an early indicator of the development of vascular disease, and thus an important area for further research and identification of potentially new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the signalling pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication and the mechanisms that initiate endothelial dysfunction, particularly with respect to diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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Rybka J, Kupczyk D, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Pawluk H, Czuczejko J, Szewczyk-Golec K, Kozakiewicz M, Antonioli M, Carvalho LA, Kędziora J. Age-related changes in an antioxidant defense system in elderly patients with essential hypertension compared with healthy controls. Redox Rep 2011; 16:71-7. [PMID: 21722415 DOI: 10.1179/174329211x13002357050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress has been reported to increase with aging. Oxidative stress is also associated with hypertension, and antioxidant treatment has been shown to enhance antioxidant defense system. We therefore aimed to analyze the relationship between aging and some markers of oxidative stress in elderly patients with essential hypertension compared with healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood was collected from 18 patients with essential hypertension and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls aged over 65. Patients were on their usual medications while participating in the study. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated by measuring the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD, SOD-1) in erythrocytes. GSH, GPx-1, GR, CAT, and CuZn SOD correlations with age were expressed as Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient r. Independent-samples T test was used to compare mean values of parameters between groups. RESULTS (1) Among all parameters analyzed herein, the activity of SOD-1 showed the most explicit decrease in relation to age, both in healthy controls and hypertensive subjects with r values of -0.54 (P = 0.05) and -0.68 (P < 0.01), respectively. (2) Age-related changes in parameters of oxidative stress did not differ significantly between groups. (3) Mean activity of SOD-1 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in elderly hypertensives (2341.7 ± 213.71 U/g Hb) when compared with healthy controls (2199.7 ± 213.66 U/g Hb). (4) Mean GSH level was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in patients (3.1 ± 0.29 mmol/l) than in controls (2.8 ± 0.37 mmol/l). (5) Increased level of GSH in hypertension was followed by significantly (P < 0.01) higher activity of GR in this group when compared with controls (83.4 ± 15.25 and 64.1 ± 9.40 U/g Hb, respectively). CONCLUSIONS (1) The antioxidant barrier changes in elderly subjects with senescence. (2) CuZn SOD activity is negatively correlated with age and this association is not altered by factors that modulate the enzyme activity, such as hypertension and antihypertensive treatment. (3) Significantly higher concentration of GSH and significantly higher GR activity in patients may suggest a significant role of GSH metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as its contribution to the effect of antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rybka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Kojic Z, Gopcevic K, Marinkovic D, Tasic G. Effect of captopril on serum lipid levels and cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Physiol Res 2011; 60 Suppl 1:S177-84. [PMID: 21777025 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, the consensus on effects of these inhibitors in control of myocardial oxygen consumption during the process of experimental hypercholesterolemia and under the condition of endothelial dysfunction has not been reached. Here we examined effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum lipid levels and oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria isolated from heart of rabbits treated by hypercholesterolemic diet. During the twelve-week period, the Chinchilla male rabbits were daily treated by saline (controls); 1 % cholesterol diet; 5 mg/kg/day captopril or 1 % cholesterol + 5 mg/kg/day captopril. Total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were measured spectrophotometrically. The left ventricle mitochondrial fraction was isolated and myocardial oxygen consumption was measured by Biological Oxygen Monitor. Mitochondria isolated from hearts of rabbits exposed to hypercholesterolemic diet showed significantly reduced respiration rates (state 3 and state 4) with altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio, whereas the respiratory control ratio was not affected when compared to controls. Mitochondria from cholesterol/captopril-treated animals showed significantly reduced respiration rates without altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio index or respiratory control ratio. Although captopril did not exert the favorable effect on serum lipid levels in cholesterol-treated animals, it restored the mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Further studies should be performed to define the underlying physiological and/or pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kojic
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Protection of Endothelial Cells, Inhibition of Neointimal Hyperplasia by β-elemene in an Injured Artery. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kliche K, Jeggle P, Pavenstädt H, Oberleithner H. Role of cellular mechanics in the function and life span of vascular endothelium. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:209-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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