1
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Enache LB, State S, Mihai G, Prodana M, Messina AA, Enachescu M. Fabrication of Co-Sb Junction Nanowires by Galvanostatic Electrodeposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7947-7961. [PMID: 38578030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of CoSb3 one-dimensional (1D) thermoelectric nanomaterials using electrodeposition under galvanostatic conditions and polycarbonate membranes as a template (50 nm diameter pores). Cyclic voltammetry measurements have been performed to get preliminary information on the electrochemical reduction process of the involved species. Different current density values in the range 1-4 mA cm-2 have been applied, leading to the formation of nanowires (NWs) and micro- and nanomushroom caps, as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations. Through fine-tuning of the current density the desired Co/Sb atomic ratio could be achieved. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed the formation of CoSb3 at 1.4 mA cm-2, and it has also been confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In this work, we present for the first time the fabrication of a CoSb3-CoxSby heterojunction on the same NW exhibiting Sb-rich and Co-rich alloy segments, prepared by electrodeposition from the same electrolyte by simply varying the applied current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Bianca Enache
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabrina State
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geanina Mihai
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Prodana
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, Department of General Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7, Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Angelo Alberto Messina
- STMicroelectronics Stradale Primosole, 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Strada VIII, n. 5 - Zona 6 Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Tang M, de Jongh PE, de Jong KP. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study the Location and Distribution Effect of Pt on the Reduction of Co 3 O 4 -SiO 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304683. [PMID: 37649200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The addition of Pt generally promotes the reduction of Co3 O4 in supported catalysts, which further improves their activity and selectivity. However, due to the limited spatial resolution, how Pt and its location and distribution affect the reduction of Co3 O4 remains unclear. Using ex situ and in situ ambient pressure scanning transmission electron microscopy, combined with temperature-programmed reduction, the reduction of silica-supported Co3 O4 without Pt and with different location and distribution of Pt is studied. Shrinkage of Co3 O4 nanoparticles is directly observed during their reduction, and Pt greatly lowers the reduction temperature. For the first time, the initial reduction of Co3 O4 with and without Pt is studied at the nanoscale. The initial reduction of Co3 O4 changes from surface to interface between Co3 O4 and SiO2 . Small Pt nanoparticles located at the interface between Co3 O4 and SiO2 promote the reduction of Co3 O4 by the detachment of Co3 O4 /CoO from SiO2 . After reduction, the Pt and part of the Co form an alloy with Pt well dispersed. This study for the first time unravels the effects of Pt location and distribution on the reduction of Co3 O4 nanoparticles, and helps to design cobalt-based catalysts with efficient use of Pt as a reduction promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E de Jongh
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Krijn P de Jong
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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3
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Petrova V, Corrao AA, Wang S, Xiao Y, Chapman KW, Fullerton EE, Khalifah PG, Liu P. Synthesis of flexible Co nanowires from bulk precursors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21153-21159. [PMID: 35975062 PMCID: PMC9341434 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a method of producing flexible cobalt nanowires (NWs) directly from the chemical conversion of bulk precursors at room temperature. Chemical reduction of Li6CoCl8 produces a nanocomposite of Co and LiCl, of which the salt is subsequently removed. The dilute concentration of Co in the precursor combined with the anisotropic crystal structure of the hcp phase leads to 1D growth in the absence of any templates or additives. The Co NWs are shown to have high saturation magnetization (130.6 emu g−1). Our understanding of the NW formation mechanism points to new directions of scalable nanostructure generation. This work reports a method of producing flexible cobalt nanowires (NWs) directly from the chemical conversion of bulk precursors at room temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Petrova
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California-San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Adam A Corrao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California-San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0401 USA
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Eric E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0401 USA
| | - Peter G Khalifah
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA.,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California-San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
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4
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Dehghan-Niri R, Tsakoumis N, Voronov A, Holmen A, Holmestad R, Vullum PE, Borg Ø, Rytter E, Rønning M, Walmsley JC. Nanostructural Analysis of Co‐Re/γ‐Al2O3 Fischer‐Tropsch Catalyst by TEM and XRD. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Dehghan-Niri
- Equinor Research Centre Geophysics Arkitekt Ebbells vei 10 7052 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - Nikolaos Tsakoumis
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Department of Chemical Engineering Høgskoleringen 1 7491 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - Alexey Voronov
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Department of Chemical Engineering Høgskoleringen 1 7491 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - Anders Holmen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Chemical Engineering Høgskoleringen 1 7491 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - Randi Holmestad
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Physics Høgskoleringen 1 7491 Trondheim NORWAY
| | | | - Øyvind Borg
- Equinor Research Centre Research Centre Arkitekt Ebbells vei 107052Norway 7052 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - Erling Rytter
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Department of Chemical Engnineering 7491 NORWAY
| | - Magnus Rønning
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Department of Chemical Engineering Høgskoleringen 1 7491 Trondheim NORWAY
| | - John Charles Walmsley
- University of Cambridge Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy 27 Charles babbage Road CB30FS Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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5
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Ma C, Yun Y, Zhang T, Suo H, Yan L, Shen X, Li Y, Yang Y. Insight into the Structural Evolution of the Cobalt Oxides Nanoparticles upon Reduction Process: An
In Situ
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Yifeng Yun
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
| | - Haiyun Suo
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
| | - Lai Yan
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
| | - Xianfeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Yongwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 PR China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co., Ltd. Huairou District Beijing 101400 PR China
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6
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Chen X, van Gog H, van Huis MA. Transformation of Co 3O 4 nanoparticles to CoO monitored by in situ TEM and predicted ferromagnetism at the Co 3O 4/CoO interface from first principles. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:5662-5675. [PMID: 33996095 PMCID: PMC8101414 DOI: 10.1039/d0tc05727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of Co3O4 and CoO are of paramount importance because of their chemical properties propelling their applications in catalysis and battery materials, and because of their intriguing magnetic properties. Here we elucidate the transformation of Co3O4 nanoparticles to CoO into nanoscale detail by in situ heating in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and we decipher the energetics and magnetic properties of the Co3O4/CoO interface from first principles calculations. The transformation was found to start at a temperature of 350 °C, and full conversion of all particles was achieved after heating to 400 °C for 10 minutes. The transformation progressed from the surface to the center of the nanoparticles under the formation of dislocations, while the two phases maintained a cube-on-cube orientation relationship. Various possibilities for magnetic ordering were considered in the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a favorable Co3O4/CoO {100}/{100} interface energy of 0.38 J m-2 is predicted for the lowest-energy ordering. Remarkably, the DFT calculations revealed a substantial net ferromagnetic moment originating from the interface between the two antiferromagnetic compounds, amounting to approximately 13.9 μ B nm-2. The transformation was reproduced ex situ when heating at a temperature of 400 °C in a high vacuum chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Princetonplein 5 3584 CC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Heleen van Gog
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 39 2628 CB Delft The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University Princetonplein 5 3584 CC Utrecht The Netherlands
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7
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Abstract
In this work, cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst supported on various carbon materials, i.e., carbon nanotube (CNT), activated carbon (AC), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanofiber (CNF), were prepared via impregnation method. Based on TGA, nitrogen physisorption, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, ICP, SEM, and TEM characterization, it is confirmed that Co3O4 particles are dispersed uniformly on the supports of carbon nanotube, activated carbon and carbon nanofiber. Furthermore, the FT catalyst performance for as-prepared catalysts was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor under the condition of H2:CO = 2:1, 5 SL·h−1·g−1, 2.5 MPa, and 210 °C. Interestingly, the defined three types of carbon materials exhibit superior performance and dispersion compared with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. The thermal stability and pore structure of the five carbon materials vary markedly, and H2-TPR result shows that the metal–support interaction is in the order of Co/GO > Co/CNT > Co/AC > Co/CNF > Co/rGO. In brief, the carbon nanofiber-supported cobalt catalyst showed the best dispersion, the highest CO conversion, and the lowest gas product but the highest heavy hydrocarbons (C5+) selectivity, which can be attributed to the intrinsic property of CNF material that can affect the catalytic performance in a complicated way. This work will open up a new gateway for cobalt support catalysts on various carbon-based materials for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis.
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8
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Macheli L, Carleschi E, Doyle BP, Leteba G, van Steen E. Tuning catalytic performance in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by metal-support interactions. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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10
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Straß‐Eifert A, Sheppard TL, Damsgaard CD, Grunwaldt J, Güttel R. Stability of Cobalt Particles In and Outside HZSM‐5 under CO Hydrogenation Conditions Studied by
ex situ
and
in situ
Electron Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Straß‐Eifert
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christian D. Damsgaard
- DTU Nanolab and DTU Physics Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej – Building 307 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Robert Güttel
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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11
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Govender A, Olivier EJ, Haigh SJ, Kelly D, Smith M, van Rensburg H, Forbes RP, van Steen E. Performance of a NiFe 2O 4@Co Core-Shell Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst: Effect of Low Temperature Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32975-32983. [PMID: 33403259 PMCID: PMC7774086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ TEM gas-cell imaging and spectroscopy with in situ XRD have been applied to reveal morphological changes in NiFe2O4@Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles in hydrogen. The core-shell structure is retained upon reduction under mild conditions (180 °C for 1 h), resulting in a partially reduced shell. The core-shell structure was retained after exposing these reduced NiFe2O4@Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles to Fischer-Tropsch conditions at 230 °C and 20 bar. Slightly harsher reduction (230 °C, 2 h) resulted in restructuring of the NiFe2O4@Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles to form cobalt islands in addition to partially reduced NiFe2O4. NiFe2O4 underwent further transformation upon exposure to Fischer-Tropsch conditions, resulting in the formation of iron carbide and nickel/iron-nickel alloy. The turnover frequency in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over NiFe2O4@Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles reduced in hydrogen at 180 °C for 1 h was estimated to be less than 0.02 s-1 (cobalt-time yield of 8.40 μmol.g-1.s-1) with a C5+ selectivity of 38 C-%. The low turnover frequency under these conditions in relation to the turnover frequency obtained with unsupported cobalt is attributed to the strain in the catalytically active cobalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Govender
- Group
Technology, Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa
- Catalysis
Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South
Africa
| | - Ezra J. Olivier
- Centre
for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel Kelly
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Matthew Smith
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | | | - Roy P. Forbes
- School
of
Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Eric van Steen
- Catalysis
Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South
Africa
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12
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Dembélé K, Bahri M, Hirlimann C, Moldovan S, Berliet A, Maury S, Gay A, Ersen O. Operando
Electron Microscopy Study of Cobalt‐based Fischer‐Tropsch Nanocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kassiogé Dembélé
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
- IFP Énergies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Charles Hirlimann
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Simona Moldovan
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Adrien Berliet
- IFP Énergies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Sylvie Maury
- IFP Énergies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Gay
- IFP Énergies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS – Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Lœss BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 1 Rue Descartes Paris 75231 France
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13
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Photothermal CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over a CoO/Co/TiO2 catalyst in aqueous media under atmospheric pressure. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Wolf M, Fischer N, Claeys M. Preparation of isolated Co 3O 4 and fcc-Co crystallites in the nanometre range employing exfoliated graphite as novel support material. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2910-2923. [PMID: 36133606 PMCID: PMC9417318 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The inert nature of graphitic samples allows for characterisation of rather isolated supported nanoparticles in model catalysts, as long as sufficiently large inter-particle distances are obtained. However, the low surface area of graphite and the little interaction with nanoparticles result in a challenging application of conventional preparation routes in practice. In the present study, a set of graphitic carbon materials was characterised in order to identify potential support materials for the preparation of model catalyst systems. Various sizes of well-defined Co3O4 nanoparticles were synthesised separately and supported onto exfoliated graphite powder, that is graphite after solvent-assisted exfoliation via ultrasonication resulting in thinner flakes with increased specific surface area. The stability of the supported nanoparticles during reduction to metallic cobalt in H2 was monitored in situ by means of X-ray diffraction and smaller crystallite sizes were found to be harder to reduce than their larger counterparts. A low cobalt loading of 1 wt% was required to avoid aggregates in the parent catalyst, and this allowed for the preparation of supported cobalt nanoparticles which were resistant to sintering at reduction temperatures below 370 °C. The developed model catalysts are ideally suited for sintering studies of isolated nano-sized cobalt particles as the graphitic support material does not provide distinct metal-support interaction. Furthermore, the differently sized cobaltous particles in the various model systems render possible studies on structural dependencies of activity, selectivity, and deactivation in cobalt oxide or cobalt catalysed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wolf
- Catalysis Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis cchange, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Nico Fischer
- Catalysis Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis cchange, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Michael Claeys
- Catalysis Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis cchange, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
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16
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Rytter E, Borg Ø, Enger BC, Holmen A. α-alumina as catalyst support in Co Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the effect of added water; encompassing transient effects. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Tsakoumis NE, Patanou E, Lögdberg S, Johnsen RE, Myrstad R, van Beek W, Rytter E, Blekkan EA. Structure–Performance Relationships on Co-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts: The More Defect-Free, the Better. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eleni Patanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara Lögdberg
- Chemical Technology, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rune E. Johnsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Myrstad
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wouter van Beek
- The Swiss−Norwegian Beamlines (SNBL) at ESRF, Grenoble F38043, France
| | - Erling Rytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edd A. Blekkan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Mitchell RW, Lloyd DC, van de Water LGA, Ellis PR, Metcalfe KA, Sibbald C, Davies LH, Enache DI, Kelly GJ, Boyes ED, Gai PL. Effect of Pretreatment Method on the Nanostructure and Performance of Supported Co Catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leon G. A. van de Water
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
| | - Peter R. Ellis
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common RG4 9NH, U.K
| | - Kirsty A. Metcalfe
- Johnson Matthey, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
| | - Connor Sibbald
- Johnson Matthey, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
| | - Laura H. Davies
- Johnson Matthey, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
| | - Dan I. Enache
- Johnson Matthey, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
| | - Gordon J. Kelly
- Johnson Matthey, Belasis Avenue, Stockton-on-Tees, Billingham TS23 1LH, U.K
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19
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den Otter J, Yoshida H, Ledesma C, Chen D, de Jong K. On the superior activity and selectivity of PtCo/Nb2O5 Fischer Tropsch catalysts. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Tao F(F, Crozier PA. Atomic-Scale Observations of Catalyst Structures under Reaction Conditions and during Catalysis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3487-539. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin (Feng) Tao
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Peter A. Crozier
- School
of Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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21
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Tsakoumis NE, Johnsen RE, van Beek W, Rønning M, Rytter E, Holmen A. Capturing metal-support interactions in situ during the reduction of a Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3239-42. [PMID: 26811879 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of a Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was monitored in situ by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) under H2 environment. Whole powder pattern analysis revealed a non-linear expansion of the unit cell of γ-Al2O3 during the reduction process, suggesting the diffusion of Co cations into the structure of the support. The non-linear cell expansion coincided with the formation of a CoO phase. In addition, space resolved diffraction at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor evidenced a negative effect of the partial pressure of indigenous H2O(g) on the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - R E Johnsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - W van Beek
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines at ESRF, BP 220, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - M Rønning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - E Rytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Holmen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Helveg S, Kisielowski C, Jinschek J, Specht P, Yuan G, Frei H. Observing gas-catalyst dynamics at atomic resolution and single-atom sensitivity. Micron 2015; 68:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Damsgaard CD, Zandbergen H, W Hansen T, Chorkendorff I, B Wagner J. Controlled environment specimen transfer. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1038-1045. [PMID: 24824787 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specimen transfer under controlled environment conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition, is necessary to conduct successive complementary in situ characterization of materials sensitive to ambient conditions. The in situ transfer concept is introduced by linking an environmental transmission electron microscope to an in situ X-ray diffractometer through a dedicated transmission electron microscope specimen transfer holder, capable of sealing the specimen in a gaseous environment at elevated temperatures. Two catalyst material systems have been investigated; Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst for methanol synthesis and a Co/Al2O3 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Both systems are sensitive to ambient atmosphere as they will oxidize after relatively short air exposure. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, was reduced in the in situ X-ray diffractometer set-up, and subsequently, successfully transferred in a reactive environment to the environmental transmission electron microscope where further analysis on the local scale were conducted. The Co/Al2O3 catalyst was reduced in the environmental microscope and successfully kept reduced outside the microscope in a reactive environment. The in situ transfer holder facilitates complimentary in situ experiments of the same specimen without changing the specimen state during transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Damsgaard
- 1Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800,Denmark
| | - Henny Zandbergen
- 3Kavli Institute of Nanoscience,Delft University of Technology,2628 CJ Delft,The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Hansen
- 1Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800,Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- 2CINF,Department of Physics,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800,Denmark
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- 1Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800,Denmark
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25
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Munnik P, de Jongh PE, de Jong KP. Control and impact of the nanoscale distribution of supported cobalt particles used in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7333-40. [PMID: 24801898 DOI: 10.1021/ja500436y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proximity of nanoparticles may affect the performance, in particular the stability, of supported metal catalysts. Short interparticle distances often arise during catalyst preparation by formation of aggregates. The cause of aggregation of cobalt nanoparticles during the synthesis of highly loaded silica-supported catalysts was found to originate from the drying process after impregnation of the silica grains with an aqueous cobalt nitrate precursor. Maximal spacing of the Co3O4 nanoparticles was obtained by fluid-bed drying at 100 °C in a N2 flow. Below this temperature, redistribution of liquid occurred before and during precipitation of a solid phase, leading to aggregation of the cobalt particles. At higher temperatures, nucleation and growth of Co3O4 occurred during the drying process also giving rise to aggregation. Fischer-Tropsch catalysis performed under industrially relevant conditions for unpromoted and Pt-promoted cobalt catalysts revealed that the size of aggregates (13-80 nm) of Co particles (size ~9 nm) had little effect on activity. Large aggregates exhibited higher selectivities to long chain alkanes, possibly related to higher olefin formation with subsequent readsorption and secondary chain growth. Most importantly, larger aggregates of Co particles gave rise to extensive migration of cobalt (up to 75%) to the external surface of the macroscopic catalyst grains (38-75 μm). Although particle size did not increase inside the silica support grains, migration of cobalt to the external surface partly led to particle growth, thus causing a loss of activity. This cobalt migration over macroscopic length scales was suppressed by maximizing the distance between nanoparticles over the support. Clearly, the nanoscale distribution of particles is an important design parameter of supported catalysts in particular and functional nanomaterials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Munnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Hansen TW, Wagner JB. Catalysts under Controlled Atmospheres in the Transmission Electron Microscope. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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27
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Visualisation of single atom dynamics and their role in nanocatalysts under controlled reaction environments. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Ward MR, Boyes ED, Gai PL. In Situ Aberration-Corrected Environmental TEM: Reduction of Model Co3O4in H2at the Atomic Level. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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