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Al-Ghamdi AR, Rahman S, Al-Wabli RI, Al-Mutairi MS, Rahman AFMM. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Photophysical Investigations of 2-Amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitriles: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1808. [PMID: 38675628 PMCID: PMC11055175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitriles (APNs, 1-6), including their synthesis, cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines, and photophysical properties. Compound 3 demonstrates exceptional cytotoxicity, surpassing the potency of Doxorubicin. The fluorescence spectra of the synthesized 1-6 in different solvents reveal solvent-dependent shifts in the emission maximum values, highlighting the influence of the solvent environment on their fluorescence properties. A quantum chemical TD-DFT analysis provides insights into the electronic structure and fluorescence behavior of 1-6, elucidating HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, electronegativity values, and dipole moments, contributing to a deeper understanding of their electronic properties and potential reactivity. These findings provide valuable knowledge for the development of APNs (1-6) as fluorescent sensors and potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwah R. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.-G.); (R.I.A.-W.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem I. Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.-G.); (R.I.A.-W.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - Maha S. Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.-G.); (R.I.A.-W.); (M.S.A.-M.)
| | - A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.-G.); (R.I.A.-W.); (M.S.A.-M.)
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2
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Synthesis, properties, and application of the new nanocatalyst of double layer hydroxides in the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1627. [PMID: 36709240 PMCID: PMC9884200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new heterogeneous nanocatalyst LDH@3-chloropyltrimethoxysilane@1,3-benzenedisulfonyl amine@Cu (LDH@TRMS@BDSA@Cu) was synthesized and confirmed by analyzes such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy scattered X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction analysis, heat gravity/heat derivatization (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry. The newly synthesized nanocatalyst effectively catalyzed the reaction between different aryl aldehydes, malononitrile, different acetophenones and ammonium acetate in solvent-free conditions and they were converted into 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives with high efficiency. The reaction showed advantages such as simplicity, high stability, environmental friendliness, excellent efficiency and short time. Also, this catalyst is recyclable and was recycled 4 times without losing significant catalytic power.
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Ghamari kargar P, Bakhshi F, Bagherzade G. Value-Added Synthesized Acidic Polymer Nanocomposite with Waste Chicken Eggshell: A novel metal-free and heterogeneous catalyst for Mannich and Hantzsch Cascade Reactions from Alcohols. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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4
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Recent Advances in Multicomponent Reactions Catalysed under Operationally Heterogeneous Conditions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been gaining significance and attention over the past decade because of their ability to furnish complex products by using readily available and simple starting materials while simultaneously eliminating the need to separate and purify any intermediates. More so, most of these products have been found to exhibit diverse biological activities. Another paradigm shift which has occurred contemporarily is the switch to heterogeneous catalysis, which results in additional benefits such as the reduction of waste and an increase in the safety of the process. More importantly, it allows the user to recover and reuse the catalyst for multiple runs. In summary, both methodologies adhere to the principles of green chemistry, a philosophy which needs to become overarchingly enshrined. The plethora of reactions and catalysts which have been developed gives hope that chemists are slowly changing their ideology. As a result, this review attempts to discuss multicomponent reactions catalysed by operationally heterogeneous catalysts in the past 10 years. In this review, a further distinction is made between the MCRs which lead to the formation of heterocycles and those which do not.
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Nanostructured Na2CaP2O7: A New and Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-Cyanopyridine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A facile and novel synthesis of thirteen 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives 5(a–m) by a one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs) is described for the first time, starting from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, methyl ketones, or cyclohexanone and ammonium acetate in the presence of the nanostructured diphosphate Na2CaP2O7 (DIPH) at 80 °C under solvent-free conditions. These compounds were brought into existence in a short period with good to outstanding yields (84–94%). The diphosphate Na2CaP2O7 was synthesized and characterized by different techniques (FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM) and used as an efficient, environmentally friendly, easy-to-handle, harmless, secure, and reusable catalyst. Our study was strengthened by combining five new pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 6(b, c, g, h, j) by intermolecular cyclization of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines 5(b, c, g, h, j) with formamide. The synthesized products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR and by comparing measured melting points with known values reported in the literature. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to characterize the newly synthesized products and evaluate their purity. The operating conditions were optimized using a model reaction in which the catalyst amount, temperature, time, and solvent effect were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was tested against approved Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains for previously mentioned compounds.
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Torabi M, Zolfigol MA, Yarie M, Notash B, Azizian S, Azandaryani MM. Synthesis of triarylpyridines with sulfonate and sulfonamide moieties via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16846. [PMID: 34413326 PMCID: PMC8377147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, novel magnetic nanoparticles with pyridinium bridges namely Fe3O4@SiO2@PCLH-TFA through a multi-step pathway were designed and synthesized. The desired catalyst and its corresponding precursors were characterized with different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the catalytic application of the prepared catalyst in the synthesis of new series of triarylpyridines bearing sulfonate and sulfonamide moieties via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation was highlighted. The current trend revealed that the mentioned catalyst shows high recoverability in the reported synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Torabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirzaei Azandaryani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
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Aghaei-Hashjin M, Yahyazadeh A, Abbaspour-Gilandeh E. Mo@GAA-Fe 3O 4 MNPs: a highly efficient and environmentally friendly heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10497-10511. [PMID: 35423550 PMCID: PMC8695836 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroquinolines were efficiently obtained from a sequential four-component reaction between dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexandione, ethyl acetoacetate, or methyl acetoacetate as a β-ketoester, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate, under the catalysis of Mo@GAA-Fe3O4 MNPs as a green, effective, recyclable, and environmentally friendly nanocatalyst. Due to its magnetic nature the prepared catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and reused several times without significant changes in catalytic activity and reaction efficiency. The catalyst was characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asieh Yahyazadeh
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan Rasht 41335-1914 Iran
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Erşatır M, Yıldırım M. Green synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation and their antiproliferative effects on liver, breast, and prostate cancer studies. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1878537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erşatır
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Metin Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
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Torabi M, Yarie M, Zolfigol MA, Rouhani S, Azizi S, Olomola TO, Maaza M, Msagati TAM. Synthesis of new pyridines with sulfonamide moiety via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation mechanism in the presence of a novel quinoline-based dendrimer-like ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3143-3152. [PMID: 35424257 PMCID: PMC8693819 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we reported the synthesis of a novel quinoline-based dendrimer-like ionic liquid. After characterization of the mentioned ionic liquid with suitable techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), its catalytic performance was investigated in the synthesis of new pyridines with sulfonamide moiety via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation mechanism under mild reaction conditions. All target molecules were achieved in short reaction times and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Torabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Shamila Rouhani
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa Johannesburg 1709 South Africa
| | - Shohreh Azizi
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392 Pretoria South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation 1 Old Faure Road, PO Box 722 Somerset West 7129 Western Cape South Africa
| | - Temitope O Olomola
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife 220005 Nigeria
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392 Pretoria South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation 1 Old Faure Road, PO Box 722 Somerset West 7129 Western Cape South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa Johannesburg 1709 South Africa
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology PO Box 447, Tengeru Arusha United Republic of Tanzania
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Fairoosa J, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Recent developments and perspectives in the copper-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3452-3469. [PMID: 35424324 PMCID: PMC8694354 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have become an inevitable part of organic chemistry due to their ubiquitous presence in bioactive compounds. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of heterocycles has developed as the most convenient and facile synthetic route towards complex heterocyclic motifs. In this review, we discuss the advancements in the field of copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions for the preparation of heterocycles since 2018. Heterocycles are abundant in several pharmaceutical and naturally occurring compounds. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions are a convenient method for easy access to heterocycles. In this review, we focus on the advancement in this field for the past two years.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleel Fairoosa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC)
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11
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Wang S, Xie Z, Li M, Wang C. K 2CO 3‐Promoted Ring‐Opening/Cyclization Reactions of Multi‐substituted Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Thiourea: Access to 2‐Amino‐4,6‐diarylnicotinonitrile Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Zengyang Xie
- College of Basic Medicine Jining Medical University Jining 272067 PR China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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12
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Recent advances in the application of acetophenone in heterocyclic compounds synthesis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumari M, Jain Y, Yadav P, Laddha H, Gupta R. Synthesis of Fe3O4-DOPA-Cu Magnetically Separable Nanocatalyst: A Versatile and Robust Catalyst for an Array of Sustainable Multicomponent Reactions under Microwave Irradiation. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Torabi M, Yarie M, Zolfigol MA. Synthesis of a novel and reusable biological urea based acidic nanomagnetic catalyst: Application for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano pyridines
via
cooperative vinylogous anomeric based oxidation. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Torabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
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One-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3,4-dicyanopyridines from ketoximes and tetracyanoethylene via Cu(I)-catalyzed cyclization. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Novel magnetic nanoparticles with morpholine tags as multirole catalyst for synthesis of hexahydroquinolines and 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitriles through vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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MA W, Ebadi AG, sabil MS, Javahershenas R, Jimenez G. One-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives by MNPs@Cu as an effective and reusable magnetic nanocatalyst. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12801-12812. [PMID: 35520803 PMCID: PMC9063922 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MNPs@Cu as an effective, recyclable nanocatalyst was prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzheng MA
- Resource and Environmental Engineering College
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- China
| | | | | | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Urmia University
- Urmia
- Iran
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Abbaspour-Gilandeh E, Yahyazadeh A, Aghaei-Hashjin M. One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones catalyzed by SO 3H@imineZCMNPs as a novel, efficient and reusable acidic nanocatalyst under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40243-40251. [PMID: 35558253 PMCID: PMC9091268 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives was accomplished efficiently via a three-component reaction between ethyl acetoacetate, various types of aldehydes, and urea in the presence of 10 mg SO3H@imineZCMNPs as a novel, environment friendly, and reusable heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst under solvent-free conditions at 90 °C. The desired products were obtained with high quantitative yields. The catalyst was separated by simple isolation from the reaction mixture using a permanent magnet and reused several times without any significant loss of catalytic activity. The synthesized catalyst was fully characterized through various techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Hammett acidity test. This methodology tolerates most substrates and has the salient features of green reaction conditions, lower catalyst loading, high quantitative yields, low cost, the absence of solvents, and easy isolation and reusability of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asieh Yahyazadeh
- Chemistry Department, University of Guilan 41335-1914 Rasht Iran
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