1
|
Hao Z, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhu M, Han B, He Y, Yi H, Tang S. Genetic variants of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant reaction element pathway on the risk of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:345-357. [PMID: 37166414 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effects of genetic variants in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant reaction element signaling pathway on antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) susceptibility. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to April 2022. Results: Seven case-control studies with 4676 patients were included. Six genes with 35 SNPs in the pathway have been reported. Among 17 SNPs reported in two or more studies, the meta-analysis indicated that only one SNP (rs3735656 in MAFK) was significantly associated with a decreased risk for AT-DILI under the dominant model (odds ratio: 0.636; 95% CI: 0.519-0.780; p < 0.001). Conclusion: SNP rs3735656 in the MAFK gene was significantly associated with the risk of AT-DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Wu X, Xin M. Strengthened rebamipide ocular nanoformulation to effectively treat corneal alkali burns in mice through the HMGB1 signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108824. [PMID: 34742693 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Corneal alkali burns are a major ophthalmic emergency, as current therapeutic treatments are limited. Novel treatment targets and new potential agents are required to combat this severe ocular injury. Glycyrrhizin and rebamipide (RBM) are both FDA-approved drugs with potential effects against corneal alkali burns, but RBM is limited by its low aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. This study aimed to utilize dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG, a dipotassium salt of glycyrrhizin) as a nanocarrier encapsulating RBM to formulate an ophthalmic solution (marked DG-RBM) with strengthened activities to treat corneal alkali burns. Results showed that an easy DG-RBM preparative process generated particles with high encapsulation efficacy and ultra-small micellar size. The solubility of RBM in DG-RBM in aqueous solution was 3.1 × 105-fold enhanced than its free solution. DG-RBM exhibited excellent storage stability. In vitro cytotoxicity, ex vivo conjunctival responses, and rabbit eye tolerance tests showed that DG-RBM possessed good ocular safety profiles. DG-RBM exhibited improved in vivo corneal permeation profiles and demonstrated a strong effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, with a significant effect on promoting epithelial wound healing in corneal cells in vitro. As expected, in a mouse model of corneal alkali burns, the topical administration of DG-RBM achieved a strengthened efficacy against alkali burn damages. The mechanism of this therapeutic effect involved regulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling and its related angiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines. These findings demonstrate the ease of preparing DG-RBM and its great potential as a novel ocular topical formulation to treat corneal alkali burns by regulating HMGB1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hetta HF, Ahmed EA, Hemdan AG, El-Deek HE, Abd-Elregal S, Abd Ellah NH. Modulation of rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: a study on rat and cell culture models. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1375-1390. [PMID: 32495696 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hepatotoxicity is the most serious adverse effect of rifampicin (RIF). We aimed to investigate the potential hepatoprotective effect of mannose-functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)/RIF nanoparticles (NPs) in rats as a possible promising approach to minimize RIF-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials & methods: Mannose-functionalized PLGA/RIF NPs were fabricated and characterized in vitro, then the hepatoprotective effect of optimized NPs was studied on rat and cell culture models. Results: Following intraperitoneal administration of RIF NPs into rats, highly significant differences in levels of serum transaminases and oxidative stress markers, associated with significant differences in expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes between NP- and free RIF-treated groups, revealing the hepatoprotective potential of NPs. Conclusion: RIF NPs may represent a promising therapeutic approach for tuberculosis via reducing dose frequency and consequently, RIF-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helal F Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed G Hemdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Heba Em El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Saida Abd-Elregal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Establishment of a primary human hepatocyte spheroid system for evaluating metabolic toxicity using dacarbazine under conditions of CYP1A2 induction. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Mizoi K, Fukai Y, Matsumoto E, Koyama S, Ishida S, Kojima H, Ogihara T. Usefulness and limitations of mRNA measurement in HepaRG cells for evaluation of cytochrome P450 induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.7.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yuuki Fukai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Eiko Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee LN, Huang CT, Hsu CL, Chang HC, Jan IS, Liu JL, Sheu JC, Wang JT, Liu WL, Wu HS, Chang CN, Wang JY. Mitochondrial DNA Variants in Patients with Liver Injury Due to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081207. [PMID: 31412578 PMCID: PMC6723168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatotoxicity is the most severe adverse effect of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Isoniazid's metabolite hydrazine is a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor. We hypothesized that mitochondrial DNA variants are risk factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to isoniazid, rifampicin or pyrazinamide. METHODS We obtained peripheral blood from tuberculosis (TB) patients before anti-TB therapy. A total of 38 patients developed DILI due to anti-TB drugs. We selected 38 patients with TB but without DILI as controls. Next-generation sequencing detected point mutations in the mitochondrial DNA genome. DILI was defined as ALT ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), or ALT ≥3 times the ULN with total bilirubin ≥2 times the ULN. RESULTS In 38 patients with DILI, the causative drug was isoniazid in eight, rifampicin in 14 and pyrazinamide in 16. Patients with isoniazid-induced liver injury had more variants in complex I's NADH subunit 5 and 1 genes, more nonsynonymous mutations in NADH subunit 5, and a higher ratio of nonsynonymous to total substitutions. Patients with rifampicin- or pyrazinamide-induced liver injury had no association with mitochondrial DNA variants. CONCLUSIONS Variants in complex I's subunit 1 and 5 genes might affect respiratory chain function and predispose isoniazid-induced liver injury when exposed to hydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid and a complex II inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ching Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiow Jan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Luen Liu
- One-Star Technology, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Foundation of Liver Diseases, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, and Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Nien Chang
- Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Ye P, Ren C, Ren P, Ma Z, Zhang L, Zhou W, Jiang C. Pharmacoeconomics of three Therapeutic Schemes for Anti-tuberculosis Therapy Induced Liver Injury in China. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 13:53-63. [PMID: 29607414 PMCID: PMC5874510 DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of three therapeutic schemes in treating anti-tuberluosis therapy -induced liver injury (anti-TB DILI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zheng zhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Hebi Infectious Disease Hospital, Hebi, China
| | - Chongwu Ren
- Zhoukou Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zheng zhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zheng zhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hebi Infectious Disease Hospital, Hebi, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang JH, Zhang C, Zhang DG, Li L, Chen X, Xu DX. Rifampicin-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation: Association with Up-Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mouse Liver. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165787. [PMID: 27806127 PMCID: PMC5091861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study found that rifampicin caused intrahepatic cholestasis. This study investigated the effects of rifampicin on hepatic lipid metabolism. Mice were orally administered with rifampicin (200 mg/kg) daily for different periods. Results showed that serum TG level was progressively reduced after a short elevation. By contrast, hepatic TG content was markedly increased in rifampicin-treated mice. An obvious hepatic lipid accumulation, as determined by Oil Red O staining, was observed in mice treated with rifampicin for more than one week. Moreover, mRNA levels of Fas, Acc and Scd-1, several key genes for fatty acid synthesis, were elevated in rifampicin-treated mice. In addition, the class B scavenger receptor CD36 was progressively up-regulated by rifampicin. Interestingly, hepatic SREBP-1c and LXR-α, two important transcription factors that regulate genes for hepatic fatty acid synthesis, were not activated by rifampicin. Instead, hepatic PXR was rapidly activated in rifampicin-treated mice. Hepatic PPARγ, a downstream target of PXR, was transcriptionally up-regulated. Taken together, the increased hepatic lipid synthesis and uptake of fatty acids from circulation into liver jointly contribute to rifampicin-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. The increased uptake of fatty acids from circulation into liver might be partially attributed to rifampicin-induced up-regulation of PPARγ and its target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Da-Gang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (DXX)
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (DXX)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Erokhina MV, Kurynina AV, Onishchenko GE. Mitochondria are targets for the antituberculosis drug rifampicin in cultured epithelial cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 78:1155-63. [PMID: 24237150 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin is a widely used drug for antituberculosis therapy. Its target is the bacterial RNA polymerase. After entry into the human or mammalian organism, rifampicin is accumulated in cells of epithelial origin (kidneys, liver, lungs) where it induces apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular mechanisms leading to rifampicin-induced pathological changes and cell death. We analyzed the survival and state of the chondriome of cultured epithelial cells of the SPEV line under the influence of rifampicin. Our data show that the drug induces pronounced pathological changes in the network and ultrastructure of mitochondria, and their dysfunction results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome c. These data suggest the initiation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Simultaneously, we observed inhibition of cell proliferation and changes in morphology of the epithelial cells toward fibroblast-like appearance, which could indicate induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, mitochondria are the main potential target for rifampicin in cells of epithelial origin. We suggest that similar mechanisms of pathological changes can be induced in vivo in organs and tissues accumulating rifampicin during chemotherapy of bacterial infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Erokhina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jennings P, Schwarz M, Landesmann B, Maggioni S, Goumenou M, Bower D, Leonard MO, Wiseman JS. SEURAT-1 liver gold reference compounds: a mechanism-based review. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2099-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Burkard A, Dähn C, Heinz S, Zutavern A, Sonntag-Buck V, Maltman D, Przyborski S, Hewitt NJ, Braspenning J. Generation of proliferating human hepatocytes using Upcyte® technology: characterisation and applications in induction and cytotoxicity assays. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:939-56. [PMID: 22524704 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.675093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. We have developed a novel technique which causes primary human hepatocytes to proliferate by transducing them with genes that upregulate their proliferation. 2. Upcyte(®) hepatocytes did not form colonies in soft agar and are not immortalised anchorage-independent cells. Confluent cultures expressed liver-specific proteins, produced urea and stored glycogen. 3. CYP activities were low but similar to that in 5-day cultures of primary human hepatocytes. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were inducible; moreover, upcyte(®) hepatocytes predicted the in vivo induction potencies of known CYP3A4 inducers using the "relative induction score" prediction model. Placing cells into 3D culture increased their basal CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 basal activities and induction responses. 4. Phase 2 activities (UGTs, SULTs and GSTs) were comparable to activities in freshly isolated hepatocytes. 5. Upcyte(®) hepatocytes were markedly more sensitive to the hepatotoxin, α-amanitin, than HepG2 cells, indicating functional OATP1B3 uptake. The cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B(1), was decreased in upcyte(®) hepatocytes by co-incubation with the CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole. Upcyte(®) hepatocytes also differentiated between ten hepatotoxic and eight non-hepatotoxic compounds. 6. In conclusion, upcyte(®) hepatocyte cultures have a differentiated phenotype and exhibit functional phase 1 and 2 activities. These data support the use of upcyte(®) hepatocytes for CYP induction and cytotoxicity screening.
Collapse
|
12
|
Woehrling EK, Hill EJ, Torr EE, Coleman MD. Single-cell ELISA and flow cytometry as methods for highlighting potential neuronal and astrocytic toxicant specificity. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:472-83. [PMID: 20552314 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The timeline imposed by recent worldwide chemical legislation is not amenable to conventional in vivo toxicity testing, requiring the development of rapid, economical in vitro screening strategies which have acceptable predictive capacities. When acquiring regulatory neurotoxicity data, distinction on whether a toxic agent affects neurons and/or astrocytes is essential. This study evaluated neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) directed single-cell (S-C) ELISA and flow cytometry as methods for distinguishing cell-specific cytoskeletal responses, using the established human NT2 neuronal/astrocytic (NT2.N/A) co-culture model and a range of neurotoxic (acrylamide, atropine, caffeine, chloroquine, nicotine) and non-neurotoxic (chloramphenicol, rifampicin, verapamil) test chemicals. NF and GFAP directed flow cytometry was able to identify several of the test chemicals as being specifically neurotoxic (chloroquine, nicotine) or astrocytoxic (atropine, chloramphenicol) via quantification of cell death in the NT2.N/A model at cytotoxic concentrations using the resazurin cytotoxicity assay. Those neurotoxicants with low associated cytotoxicity are the most significant in terms of potential hazard to the human nervous system. The NF and GFAP directed S-C ELISA data predominantly demonstrated the known neurotoxicants only to affect the neuronal and/or astrocytic cytoskeleton in the NT2.N/A cell model at concentrations below those affecting cell viability. This report concluded that NF and GFAP directed S-C ELISA and flow cytometric methods may prove to be valuable additions to an in vitro screening strategy for differentiating cytotoxicity from specific neuronal and/or astrocytic toxicity. Further work using the NT2.N/A model and a broader array of toxicants is appropriate in order to confirm the applicability of these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Woehrling
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Street, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng Q. Three-dimensional culture of hepatocytes for prediction of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:733-46. [DOI: 10.1517/17425251003674356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
Gómez-Lechón MJ, Castell JV, Donato MT. The use of hepatocytes to investigate drug toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 640:389-415. [PMID: 20645064 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-688-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver is very active in metabolizing foreign compounds and the major target for toxicity caused by drugs. Hepatotoxicity may be the result of the drug itself or, more frequently, a result of the bioactivation process and the production of reactive metabolites. Prioritization of compounds based on human hepatotoxicity potential is currently a key unmet need in drug discovery, as it can become a major problem for several lead compounds in later stages of the drug discovery pipeline. Therefore, evaluation of potential hepatotoxicity represents a critical step in the development of new drugs. Cultured hepatocytes are increasingly used by the pharmaceutical industry for the screening of hepatotoxic potential of new molecules. Hepatocytes in culture retain hepatic key functions and constitute a valuable tool to identify chemically induced cellular damage. Their use has notably contributed to the understanding of mechanisms responsible for hepatotoxicity (disruption of cellular energy status, alteration of Ca(2+) homeostasis, inhibition of transport systems, metabolic activation, oxidative stress, covalent binding, etc.). Assessment of current cytotoxicity and hepatic-specific biochemical effects is limited by the inability to measure a wide spectrum of potential mechanistic changes involved in the drug-induced toxic injury. A convenient selection of endpoints allows a multiparametric evaluation of drug toxicity. In this regard, cytomic, proteomic, toxicogenomic and metabonomic approaches help to define patterns of hepatotoxicity for early identification of potential adverse effects of the drug to the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Centro de Investigación, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen X, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu J, Duan ZH, Zhang Y, Yu T, Wei W, Xu DX, Xu JM. Altered integrity and decreased expression of hepatocyte tight junctions in rifampicin-induced cholestasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:26-36. [PMID: 19577586 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin is a well-known hepatotoxicant, but little is known about the mechanism of rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and localization of hepatocyte tight junctions in rifampicin-induced cholestasis in mice. Cholestasis was induced by administration of rifampicin (200 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days or treatment with a single dose of rifampicin (200 mg/kg) by gastric intubation. The expression of mRNA for hepatic zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, occludin and claudin-1 was determined using RT-PCR. Localization of ZO-1 and occludin was detected using immunofluorescence. Results showed that there was an 82-fold increase in the conjugated bilirubin in serum in rifampicin-treated mice. In addition, an 8-fold increase in total bile acid in serum was observed after a seven-day administration of rifampicin. The integrity of hepatocyte ZO-1 and occludin was altered by a seven-day administration of rifampicin. Importantly, the integrity and intensity of hepatocyte tight junctions were altered as early as 30 min after a single dose of rifampicin. The expression of hepatic ZO-1 and ZO-2 mRNA was significantly decreased, beginning as early as 30 min and remaining a lower level 12 h after a single dose of rifampicin. Taken together, these results suggest that the altered integrity and internalization of hepatocyte tight junctions are associated with rifampicin-induced cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng J, Ma X, Krausz KW, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ. Rifampicin-activated human pregnane X receptor and CYP3A4 induction enhance acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:1611-21. [PMID: 19460945 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.027565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is safe at therapeutic levels but causes hepatotoxicity via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine-induced oxidative stress upon overdose. To determine the effect of human (h) pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation and CYP3A4 induction on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, mice humanized for PXR and CYP3A4 (TgCYP3A4/hPXR) were treated with APAP and rifampicin. Human PXR activation and CYP3A4 induction enhanced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity as revealed by hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities elevated in serum, and hepatic necrosis after coadministration of rifampicin and APAP, compared with APAP administration alone. In contrast, hPXR mice, wild-type mice, and Pxr-null mice exhibited significantly lower ALT/AST levels compared with TgCYP3A4/hPXR mice after APAP administration. Toxicity was coincident with depletion of hepatic glutathione and increased production of hydrogen peroxide, suggesting increased oxidative stress upon hPXR activation. Moreover, mRNA analysis demonstrated that CYP3A4 and other PXR target genes were significantly induced by rifampicin treatment. Urinary metabolomic analysis indicated that cysteine-APAP and its metabolite S-(5-acetylamino-2-hydroxyphenyl)mercaptopyruvic acid were the major contributors to the toxic phenotype. Quantification of plasma APAP metabolites indicated that the APAP dimer formed coincident with increased oxidative stress. In addition, serum metabolomics revealed reduction of lysophosphatidylcholine in the APAP-treated groups. These findings demonstrated that human PXR is involved in regulation of APAP-induced toxicity through CYP3A4-mediated hepatic metabolism of APAP in the presence of PXR ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|