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Borrego EA, Guerena CD, Schiaffino Bustamante AY, Gutierrez DA, Valenzuela CA, Betancourt AP, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. A Novel Pyrazole Exhibits Potent Anticancer Cytotoxicity via Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and the Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1225. [PMID: 39056806 PMCID: PMC11274517 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we screened a chemical library to find potent anticancer compounds that are less cytotoxic to non-cancerous cells. This study revealed that pyrazole PTA-1 is a potent anticancer compound. Additionally, we sought to elucidate its mechanism of action (MOA) in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was analyzed with the differential nuclear staining assay (DNS). Additional secondary assays were performed to determine the MOA of the compound. The potential MOA of PTA-1 was assessed using whole RNA sequencing, Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, in silico docking, confocal microscopy, and biochemical assays. PTA-1 is cytotoxic at a low micromolar range in 17 human cancer cell lines, demonstrating less cytotoxicity to non-cancerous human cells, indicating a favorable selective cytotoxicity index (SCI) for the killing of cancer cells. PTA-1 induced phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3/7 activation, and DNA fragmentation in triple-negative breast MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that it induces apoptosis. Additionally, PTA-1 arrests cells in the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that PTA-1 altered the expression of 730 genes at 24 h (198 upregulated and 532 downregulated). A comparison of these gene signatures with those within CMap indicated a profile similar to that of tubulin inhibitors. Subsequent studies revealed that PTA-1 disrupts microtubule organization and inhibits tubulin polymerization. Our results suggest that PTA-1 is a potent drug with cytotoxicity to various cancer cells, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibits tubulin polymerization, indicating that PTA-1 is an attractive drug for future clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A. Borrego
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Cristina D. Guerena
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Austre Y. Schiaffino Bustamante
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carlos A. Valenzuela
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Ana P. Betancourt
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (C.D.G.); (A.Y.S.B.); (D.A.G.); (C.A.V.); (A.P.B.); (A.V.-R.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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2
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Abd Aziz NA, Awang N, Kamaludin NF, Anuar NNM, Hamid A, Chan KM, Arshad S. The Development of Organotin(IV) N-Ethyl-N-Benzyldithiocarbamate Complexes: A Study on Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytocidal Effects on A549 Cell Line. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:942-953. [PMID: 38629375 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206309421240402093335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organotin(IV) complexes of dithiocarbamate are vital in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting potential in targeting cancer cells due to their unique properties that enhance targeted delivery. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize organotin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate complexes (ONBDCs) and evaluate their cytotoxicity against A549 cells, which are commonly used as a model for human lung cancer research. METHODS The two ONBDC derivatives - ONBDC 1 (dimethyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) and ONBDC 2 (triphenyltin(IV) N-ethyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate) - were synthesized via the reaction of tin(IV) chloride with N-ethylbenzylamine in the presence of carbon disulfide. A range of analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry, TGA/DTA analysis, and X-ray crystallography, was conducted to characterize these compounds comprehensively. The cytotoxic effects of ONBDCs against A549 cells were evaluated using MTT assay. RESULTS Both compounds were synthesized and characterized successfully via elemental and spectroscopies analysis. MTT assay revealed that ONBDC 2 demonstrated remarkable cytotoxicity towards A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.52 μM. Additionally, ONBDC 2 displayed significantly higher cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line when compared to the commercially available chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (IC50: 32 μM). CONCLUSION Thus, it was shown that ONBDC 2 could have important anticancer properties and should be further explored as a top contender for creating improved and specialized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amalina Abd Aziz
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Awang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Hamid
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Petroliam Nasional Berhad, Level 13, Tower 1, PETRONAS Twin Towers, KLCC, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Arshad
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Jain PM, Gutierrez DA, Kumar S, Aguilera RJ, Karki SS. Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole-Oxindole Conjugates with Cytotoxicity in Human Cancer Cells via Apoptosis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300843. [PMID: 37501576 PMCID: PMC10938640 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrazole-oxindole conjugates were prepared and characterized as potential cytotoxic agents by FT-IR, NMR and HR-MS. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was tested in the Jurkat acute T cell leukemia, CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia, MCF10 A mammary epithelial and MDA-MB 231 triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Among the tested conjugates, 5-methyl-3-((3-(1-phenyl)-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)indolin-2-one 6h emerged as the most cytotoxic with a CC50 of 4.36+/-0.2 μM against Jurkat cells. The mechanism of cell death induced by 6h was investigated through the Annexin V-FITC assay via flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial health and the cell cycle progression were also evaluated in cells exposed to 6h. Results demonstrated that 6h induces apoptosis in a dose-response manner, without generating ROS and/or altering mitochondrial health. In addition, 6h disrupted the cell cycle distribution causing an increase in DNA fragmentation (Sub G0-G1), and an arrest in the G0-G1 phase. Taken together, the 6h compound revealed a strong potential as an antineoplastic agent evidenced by its cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, the activation of apoptosis and restriction of the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh M. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA-560010
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA-560010
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Subhas S. Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA-560010
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Abd Aziz NA, Awang N, Chan KM, Kamaludin NF, Mohamad Anuar NN. Organotin (IV) Dithiocarbamate Compounds as Anticancer Agents: A Review of Syntheses and Cytotoxicity Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5841. [PMID: 37570810 PMCID: PMC10421081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate has recently received attention as a therapeutic agent among organotin (IV) compounds. The individual properties of the organotin (IV) and dithiocarbamate moieties in the hybrid complex form a synergy of action that stimulates increased biological activity. Organotin (IV) components have been shown to play a crucial role in cytotoxicity. The biological effects of organotin compounds are believed to be influenced by the number of Sn-C bonds and the number and nature of alkyl or aryl substituents within the organotin structure. Ligands target and react with molecules while preventing unwanted changes in the biomolecules. Organotin (IV) dithiocarbamate compounds have also been shown to have a broad range of cellular, biochemical, and molecular effects, with their toxicity largely determined by their structure. Continuing the investigation of the cytotoxicity of organotin (IV) dithiocarbamates, this mini-review delves into the appropriate method for synthesis and discusses the elemental and spectroscopic analyses and potential cytotoxic effects of these compounds from articles published since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Normah Awang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (K.M.C.); (N.F.K.); (N.N.M.A.)
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5
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Huda MN, Borrego EA, Guerena CD, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ, Hamadani CM, Tanner EEL, Badruddoza AZM, Agarwal SK, Nurunnabi M. Topical Administration of an Apoptosis Inducer Mitigates Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:829-841. [PMID: 37200808 PMCID: PMC10186622 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathological fibrosis is distinguished from physiological wound healing by persistent myofibroblast activation, suggesting that therapies that induce myofibroblast apoptosis selectively could prevent progression and potentially reverse the established fibrosis, such as for scleroderma (a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan fibrosis). Navitoclax (NAVI) is a BCL-2/BCL-xL inhibitor with antifibrotic properties and has been investigated as a potential therapeutic for fibrosis. NAVI makes myofibroblasts particularly vulnerable to apoptosis. However, despite NAVI's significant potency, clinical translation of BCL-2 inhibitors, NAVI in this case, is hindered due to the risk of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, in this work, we utilized a newly developed ionic liquid formulation of NAVI for direct topical application to the skin, thereby avoiding systemic circulation and off-target-mediated side effects. The ionic liquid composed of choline and octanoic acid (COA) at a 1:2 molar ionic ratio increases skin diffusion and transportation of NAVI and maintains their retention within the dermis for a prolonged duration. Topical administration of NAVI-mediated BCL-xL and BCL-2 inhibition results in the transition of myofibroblast to fibroblast and ameliorates pre-existing fibrosis, as demonstrated in a scleroderma mouse model. We have observed a significant reduction of α-SMA and collagen, which are known as fibrosis marker proteins, as a result of the inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2/BCL-xL. Overall, our findings show that COA-assisted topical delivery of NAVI upregulates apoptosis specific to myofibroblasts, with minimal presence of the drug in the systemic circulation, resulting in an accelerated therapeutic effect with no discernible drug-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurul Huda
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Edgar A. Borrego
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
| | - Cristina D. Guerena
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department
of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
| | - Christine M. Hamadani
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University
of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Eden E. L. Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University
of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department
of Chemical and Life Sciences Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Agarwal
- Department
of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, and Aerospace Center, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79956, United States
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6
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Rasli NR, Hamid A, Awang N, Kamaludin NF. Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083376. [PMID: 37110610 PMCID: PMC10143845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cisplatin has influenced scientists to study the anticancer properties of other metal complexes. Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds are gaining attention as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxic properties on cancer cells. In this study, a series of organotin compounds were assessed for their toxic effects on the Jurkat E6.1 cell line. WST-1 assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the compounds and showed that six out of seven organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic effects toward T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, Jurkat E6.1 with the concentration of IC50 ranging from 0.67-0.94 µM. The apoptosis assay by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that all tested compounds induced cell death mainly via apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis assessed using RNase/PI staining showed that organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds induced cell cycle arrest at different phases. In conclusion, the tested organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against Jurkat E6.1 cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at low IC50 value. However, further studies on the mechanisms of action are required to probe the possible potential of these compounds on leukemia cells before they can be developed into anti-leukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rasyiqin Rasli
- Program of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Hamid
- Program of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Normah Awang
- Program of Environmental Health and Industrial Safety, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Program of Environmental Health and Industrial Safety, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Ugalde-Arbizu M, Aguilera-Correa JJ, García-Almodóvar V, Ovejero-Paredes K, Díaz-García D, Esteban J, Páez PL, Prashar S, San Sebastian E, Filice M, Gómez-Ruiz S. Dual Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Silica-Based Theranostic Nanomaterials Functionalized with Coumarin343, Folic Acid and a Cytotoxic Organotin(IV) Metallodrug. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020560. [PMID: 36839883 PMCID: PMC9962538 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Five different silica nanoparticles functionalized with vitamin B12, a derivative of coumarin found in green plants and a minimum content of an organotin(IV) fragment (1-MSN-Sn, 2-MSN-Sn, 2-SBA-Sn, 2-FSPm-Sn and 2-FSPs-Sn), were identified as excellent anticancer agents against triple negative breast cancer, one of the most diagnosed and aggressive cancerous tumors, with very poor prognosis. Notably, compound 2-MSN-Sn shows selectivity for cancer cells and excellent luminescent properties detectable by imaging techniques once internalized. The same compound is also able to interact with and nearly eradicate biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common bacteria isolated from chronic wounds and burns, whose treatment is a clinical challenge. 2-MSN-Sn is efficiently internalized by bacteria in a biofilm state and destroys the latter through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Its internalization by bacteria was also efficiently monitored by fluorescence imaging. Since silica nanoparticles are particularly suitable for oral or topical administration, and considering both its anticancer and antibacterial activity, 2-MSN-Sn represents a new dual-condition theranostic agent, based primarily on natural products or their derivatives and with only a minimum amount of a novel metallodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Ugalde-Arbizu
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Avenida Reyes 15 Católicos 2, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Avenida Reyes 15 Católicos 2, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.A.-C.); (M.F.); (S.G.-R.)
| | - Victoria García-Almodóvar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Karina Ovejero-Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Avenida Reyes 15 Católicos 2, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina L. Páez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Eider San Sebastian
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.A.-C.); (M.F.); (S.G.-R.)
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.A.-C.); (M.F.); (S.G.-R.)
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8
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Chhikara A, Roayapalley PK, Sakagami H, Amano S, Satoh K, Uesawa Y, Das U, Das S, Borrego EA, Guerena CD, Hernandez CR, Aguilera RJ, Dimmock JR. Novel Unsymmetric 3,5-Bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones That Display Tumor-Selective Toxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196718. [PMID: 36235258 PMCID: PMC9572513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel unsymmetrical 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4 piperidones 2a-f and 3a-e were designed as candidate antineoplastic agents. These compounds display potent cytotoxicity towards two colon cancers, as well as several oral squamous cell carcinomas. These compounds are less toxic to various non-malignant cells giving rise to large selectivity index (SI) figures. Many of the compounds are also cytotoxic towards CEM lymphoma and HL-60 leukemia cells. Representative compounds induced apoptotic cell death characterized by caspase-3 activation and subG1 accumulation in some OSCC cells, as well as the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential in CEM cells. A further line of inquiry was directed to finding if the SI values are correlated with the atomic charges on the olefinic carbon atoms. The potential of these compounds as antineoplastic agents was enhanced by an ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluation of five lead molecules, which revealed no violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Praveen K. Roayapalley
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Shigeru Amano
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado 350-0283, Japan
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado 350-0283, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Swagatika Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Edgar A. Borrego
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Cristina D. Guerena
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Clare R. Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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9
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Swain RM, Contreras L, Varela-Ramirez A, Hossain M, Das U, Valenzuela CA, Penichet ML, Dimmock JR, Aguilera RJ. Two novel piperidones induce apoptosis and antiproliferative effects on human prostate and lymphoma cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:905-921. [PMID: 35793039 PMCID: PMC9896656 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US. Due to a recurrent problem with anticancer drug resistance, there is a current need for anticancer drugs with distinct modes of action for combination drug therapy We have tested two novel piperidone compounds, named 2608 (1-dichloroacetyl - 3,5-bis(3,4-difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone) and 2610 (1-dichloroacetyl-3,5-bis(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone), for their potential cytotoxicity on numerous human cancer cell lines. We found that both compounds were cytotoxic for breast, pancreatic, leukemia, lymphoma, colon, and fibroblast cell lines, with a cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range. Further assays focused primarily on an acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and colon cancer cell lines since they were the most sensitive and resistant to the experimental piperidones. The cell death mechanism was evaluated through assays commonly used to detect the induction of apoptosis. These assays revealed that both 2608 and 2610 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and activated caspase-3/7. Our findings suggest that the piperidones induced cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additional assays revealed that both piperidones cause cell cycle alteration in lymphoma and colon cell lines. Both piperidones elicited DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by an increment in the sub-G0/G1 subpopulation in both cell lines. Similar to other related compounds, both piperidones were found to act as proteasome inhibitors by increasing the levels of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in both lymphoma and colon cell lines. Hence, the two piperidones exhibited attractive cytotoxic properties and suitable mechanisms of action, which makes them good candidates as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mia Swain
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Lisett Contreras
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Carlos A Valenzuela
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Manuel L Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, AIDS Institute, The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.
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10
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Balogová M, Sharma S, Cherek P, Ólafsson SN, Jónsdóttir S, Ögmundsdóttir HM, Damodaran KK. Cytotoxic effects of halogenated tin phosphinoyldithioformate complexes against several cancer cell lines. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13119-13128. [PMID: 35975724 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Organotin complexes are studied as promising alternatives to the anticancer drug cisplatin. We report two monoorganotin(IV) complexes based on a dibenzyl phosphinoyldithioformate (H-DBPTF) ligand, containing either bromide (Sn-DBPTF-1) or chloride (Sn-DBPTF-2) anions. The complexes were characterized by standard analytical techniques and the structural details of these complexes were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Sn-DBPTF-1 was cytotoxic at IC50 <10 μg mL-1 against cancer cell lines A549 (lung cancer), Aspc-1 (pancreatic cancer), OVCAR-3 (ovarian cancer), T-47D (breast cancer) and HCT116 (colon cancer), and breast epithelial stem cell line D492. The non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10 was less sensitive at IC50 = 22 μg mL-1. Sn-DBPTF-2 had limited cytotoxic effect at IC50 13-37 μg mL-1. Sn-DBPTF-1 induced apoptosis and double-strand DNA breaks. Cell cycle arrest in G2 occurred in HCT116 and accumulation in G1 in Aspc-1. The results indicate that the basic effect of Sn-DBPTF-1 is to induce DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest depending on the cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Balogová
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Paulina Cherek
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sigurjón N Ólafsson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Sigrídur Jónsdóttir
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Helga M Ögmundsdóttir
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Krishna K Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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11
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Putterill B, Rono C, Makhubela B, Meyer D, Gama N. Triazolyl Ru(II), Os(II), and Ir(III) complexes as potential HIV-1 inhibitors. Biometals 2022; 35:771-784. [PMID: 35699796 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus, which gives rise to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is still a major global health challenge, with millions of people being affected. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy has been a great success, leading to reduced mortality rates over the years. Although successful, these drugs are associated with various side effects, necessitating the development of new treatment strategies. This study investigated three metal-based complexes that were previously shown to possess some anticancer activity. The complexes were investigated against three pseudoviruses, which consisted of HIV-1 subtype C (CAP 210 and Du 156) and subtype A (Q 23). These complexes inhibited viral entry at low micromolar concentrations, with IC50 values ranging from 5.34 to 7.41 µM for N-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-based cyclometalated ruthenium-(II) (A), 2.35-8.09 µM for N-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-based cyclometalated iridium-(III) (B) and 2.59-4.18 µM for N-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-based cyclometalated osmium-(II) complex (C). This inhibition was significant, with no significant inhibition from the ligand alone at similar concentrations. Additionally, these concentrations were non-toxic to mammalian cells. The complexes were further analysed for their potential mechanism of action using in silico docking (Maestro 12.2), which indicated that the activity is potentially due to their interaction with the CCR5 co-receptor. The predicted interaction involved amino acids (Glu 283, Tyr 251 and Tyr 108) that are essential for the interaction of the chemokine receptor with viral gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Putterill
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
| | - Charles Rono
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Banothile Makhubela
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Debra Meyer
- The Deans Office and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ntombenhle Gama
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa.
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12
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Metal complexes of NSAIDs as potent anti-tumor chemotherapeutics: Mechanistic insights into cytotoxic activity via multiple pathways primarily by inhibition of COX–1 and COX–2 enzymes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Gutierrez DA, Contreras L, Villanueva PJ, Borrego EA, Morán-Santibañez K, Hess JD, DeJesus R, Larragoity M, Betancourt AP, Mohl JE, Robles-Escajeda E, Begum K, Roy S, Kirken RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Identification of a Potent Cytotoxic Pyrazole with Anti-Breast Cancer Activity That Alters Multiple Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:254. [PMID: 35053370 PMCID: PMC8773755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified a novel pyrazole-based derivative (P3C) that displayed potent cytotoxicity against 27 human cancer cell lines derived from different tissue origins with 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) in the low micromolar and nanomolar range, particularly in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (from 0.25 to 0.49 µM). In vitro assays revealed that P3C induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation leading to mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3/7 and -8 activation, suggesting the participation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. P3C caused microtubule disruption, phosphatidylserine externalization, PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest on TNBC cells. In addition, P3C triggered dephosphorylation of CREB, p38, ERK, STAT3, and Fyn, and hyperphosphorylation of JNK and NF-kB in TNBC cells, indicating the inactivation of both p38MAPK/STAT3 and ERK1/2/CREB signaling pathways. In support of our in vitro assays, transcriptome analyses of two distinct TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells) treated with P3C revealed 28 genes similarly affected by the treatment implicated in apoptosis, oxidative stress, protein kinase modulation, and microtubule stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Paulina J. Villanueva
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Edgar A. Borrego
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Karla Morán-Santibañez
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Jessica D. Hess
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Rebecca DeJesus
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Manuel Larragoity
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Ana P. Betancourt
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Jonathon E. Mohl
- Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA;
| | - Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Khodeza Begum
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Sourav Roy
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (D.A.G.); (L.C.); (P.J.V.); (E.A.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.D.H.); (R.D.); (M.L.); (A.P.B.); (E.R.-E.); (K.B.); (S.R.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
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14
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Roayapalley PK, Sakagami H, Satoh K, Amano S, Bandow K, Aguilera RJ, Hernandez KGC, Schiaffino Bustamante AY, Dimmock SG, Sharma RK, Das U, Dimmock JR. Cytotoxic Tumour-Selective 1,5-Diaryl-3-Oxo-1,4-Pentadienes Mounted on a Piperidine Ring. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8120078. [PMID: 34940290 PMCID: PMC8707244 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones 2a–u were prepared as candidate cytotoxic agents. In general, the compounds are highly toxic to human gingival carcinoma (Ca9-22), human squamous carcinoma-2 (HSC-2) and human squamous carcinoma-4 (HSC-4) neoplasms, but less so towards non-malignant human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) and human pulp cells (HPC), thereby demonstrating tumour-selective toxicity. A further study revealed that most of the compounds in series 2 were more toxic to the human Colo-205 adenocarcinoma cell line (Colo-205), human HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human CEM lymphoid cells (CEM) neoplasms than towards non-malignant human foreskin Hs27 fibroblast line (Hs27) cells. The potency of the cytotoxins towards the six malignant cell lines increased as the sigma and sigma star values of the aryl substituents rose. Attempts to condense various aryl aldehydes with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone led to the isolation of some 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones. The highest specificity for oral cancer cells was displayed by 2e and 2r. In the case of 2r, its selective toxicity exceeded that of doxorubicin and melphalan. The enones 2k, m, o have the highest SI values towards colon cancer and leukemic cells. Both 2e,r inhibited mitosis and increased the subG1 population (with a transient increase in G2/M phase cells). Slight activation of caspase-3, based on the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and procaspase 3, was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K. Roayapalley
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Shigeru Amano
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Kenjiro Bandow
- School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (S.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (R.J.A.); (K.G.C.H.); (A.Y.S.B.)
| | - Karla G. Cano Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (R.J.A.); (K.G.C.H.); (A.Y.S.B.)
| | - Austre Y. Schiaffino Bustamante
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (R.J.A.); (K.G.C.H.); (A.Y.S.B.)
| | - Stephen G. Dimmock
- Department of Finance, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119245, Singapore;
| | - Rajendra K. Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
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15
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Nakamura-Bencomo S, Gutierrez DA, Robles-Escajeda E, Iglesias-Figueroa B, Siqueiros-Cendón TS, Espinoza-Sánchez EA, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Aguilera RJ, Rascón-Cruz Q, Varela-Ramirez A. Recombinant human lactoferrin carrying humanized glycosylation exhibits antileukemia selective cytotoxicity, microfilament disruption, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis activities. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:400-415. [PMID: 33063290 PMCID: PMC8939434 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin has gained extensive attention due to its ample biological properties. In this study, recombinant human lactoferrin carrying humanized glycosylation (rhLf-h-glycan) expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris SuperMan5, which is genetically glycoengineered to efficiently produce functional humanized glycoproteins inclosing (Man)5(GlcNAc)2 Asn-linked glycans, was analyzed, inspecting its potential toxicity against cancer cells. The live-cell differential nuclear staining assay was used to quantify the rhLf-h-glycan cytotoxicity, which was examined in four human cell lines: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) CCRF-CEM, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma SUP-T1, cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa, and as control, non-cancerous Hs27 cells. The defined CC50 values of rhLf-h-glycan in CCRF-CEM, SUP-T1, HeLa, and Hs27 cells were 144.45 ± 4.44, 548.47 ± 64.41, 350 ± 14.82, and 3359.07 ± 164 µg/mL, respectively. The rhLf-h-glycan exhibited a favorable selective cytotoxicity index (SCI), preferentially killing cancer cells: 23.25 for CCRF-CEM, 9.59 for HeLa, and 6.12 for SUP-T1, as compared with Hs27 cells. Also, rhLf-h-glycan showed significant antiproliferative activity (P < 0.0001) at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation on CCRF-CEM cells. Additionally, it was observed via fluorescent staining and confocal microscopy that rhLf-h-glycan elicited apoptosis-associated morphological changes, such as blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic bodies in ALL cells. Furthermore, rhLf-h-glycan-treated HeLa cells revealed shrinkage of the microfilament structures, generating a speckled/punctuated pattern and also caused PARP-1 cleavage, a hallmark of apoptosis. Moreover, in ALL cells, rhLf-h-glycan altered cell cycle progression inducing the G2/M phase arrest, and caused apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Overall, our findings revealed that rhLf-h-glycan has potential as an anticancer agent and therefore deserves further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Nakamura-Bencomo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México
| | - Denisse A Gutierrez
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, 79968-0519, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, 79968-0519, TX, USA
| | - Blanca Iglesias-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México
| | - Tania S Siqueiros-Cendón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México
| | - Edward A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México
| | - Sigifredo Arévalo-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, 79968-0519, TX, USA.
| | - Quintín Rascón-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus II, C. P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, México.
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, 79968-0519, TX, USA.
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Organotin(IV) complexes derived from 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid: synthesis, structure, in vitro cytostatic activity. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Choodamani B, Cano Hernandez KG, Kumar S, Tony AM, Schiaffino Bustamante AY, Aguilera RJ, Schols D, Gopi Mohan C, Karki SS. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Preliminary Antileukemic Activity of 4-Methoxybenzyl Derivatives Bearing Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000800. [PMID: 33274824 PMCID: PMC8140528 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized 22 compounds in a series with various substitution on imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole. The potential cytotoxic activity of these compounds investigated in leukemia cell lines by Differential Nuclear Staining (DNS). Our results identified two compounds, 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate and 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde, exhibited the most cytotoxic effect against murine leukemia cells (L1210), human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) with IC50 values ranging between 0.79 and 1.6 μM. The results indicate that 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate is inducing phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation which are both a hallmark of apoptosis. Docking studies showed that 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl thiocyanate binds within the active sites of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) type I receptor kinase domain by strong hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Choodamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
- Dr. Prabhakar B. Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-Campus, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Karla G Cano Hernandez
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, TX, USA
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Ann Maria Tony
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Austre Y Schiaffino Bustamante
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, TX, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, TX, USA
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Subhas S Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
- Dr. Prabhakar B. Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-Campus, KLE College of Pharmacy (A Constituent Unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
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18
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Camacho-Camacho C, Rojas-Oviedo I, Prado-Garcia H, Barrera D, Martínez-Reza I, Larrea F, García-Becerra R. An organotin indomethacin derivative inhibits cancer cell proliferation and synergizes the antiproliferative effects of lapatinib in breast cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3358-3369. [PMID: 33163275 PMCID: PMC7642663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that an inflammatory condition in different types of cancer provides a sustained microenvironment that favors tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin have demonstrated chemo-preventive, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an organotin indomethacin derivative (OID) on the proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cell lines and the possible mechanisms of action of this compound. Different cancer cell lines were treated in the presence of OID and cell proliferation was measured by quantification of the DNA content, changes in the cell cycle profile and the activation of caspase 3 were evaluated by flow cytometry, interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression was evaluated by qPCR and protein expression was analyzed by ELISA and Western blot assays. OID inhibited the cell proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the addition of OID to lapatinib treatment, targeted therapy for breast cancer, significantly enhanced its antiproliferative response. The effects on cell proliferation of these compounds involved, among others, the induction of apoptosis, the downregulation of IL-6 and a decrease of the MAPK activation pathway. Our results suggest that the use of OID alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be considered as adjuvants in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Camacho-Camacho
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCalzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, México
| | - Irma Rojas-Oviedo
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCalzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, México
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío VillegasCalzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránVasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Isela Martínez-Reza
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama y Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510, México
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránVasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama y Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04510, México
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19
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Engel A, Dewald H, Reuter A, Klippstein J, Dehnen S. Protolysis of Amino Acid‐Functionalized Tin Sulfide Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annikka Engel
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Hendrik Dewald
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Anna Reuter
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Josefin Klippstein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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The triphenyltin carboxylate derivative triphenylstannyl 2-(benzylcarbamoyl)benzoate impedes prostate cancer progression via modulation of Akt/FOXO3a signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115091. [PMID: 32525019 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is surging in United States and other parts of the world. Synthetic and natural compounds have been explored as potential modulators of PI3K/Akt signaling that is known to drive PCa growth. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a series of triphenyltin (IV) carboxylate derivatives against PCa. From this library, triphenylstannyl 2-(benzylcarbamoyl)benzoate (Ch-319) resulted in reduced viability and induction of cell cycle arrest in PTEN-/- PC3M and PTEN+/- DU145 cells. In parallel, downregulation of PI3K p85/p110 subunits, dephosphorylation of Akt-1 and increase in FOXO3a expression were observed. In silico studies indicated binding interactions of Ch-319 within the ATP binding site of Akt-1 at Met281, Phe442 and Glu234 residues. Elevated po-pulation of apoptotic cells, activation of Bax and reduced Bcl2 expression indicated apoptosis by Ch-319. Pre-sensitization of PCa cells with Ch-319 augmented the effect of cabazitaxel, a commonly used taxane in patients with castration-resistant PCa. Next, in a prostate-specific PTENp-/- mice, Ch-319 showed reduced weights of genitourinary apparatus as compared to DMSO treated controls. Histological studies indicated absence of neoplastic foci in Ch-319 treated prostates. Consistently, dephosphorylation of Akt-1, reduced expression of PRAS40 and androgen receptor and increase in FOXO3a were observed in treated group. Notably, no overt organ toxicity was noted in Ch-319 treated animals. Our studies identify Akt/FOXO3a signaling as a target of triphenyltin (IV) carboxylate Ch-319 and provide a molecular basis of its growth inhibitory effect in PCa cells. We propose that Ch-319 has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent against PCa.
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21
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Recombinant human lactoferrin induces apoptosis, disruption of F-actin structure and cell cycle arrest with selective cytotoxicity on human triple negative breast cancer cells. Apoptosis 2020; 24:562-577. [PMID: 30941553 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Here, recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLf) expressed in Pichia pastoris was tested for its potential cytotoxic activity on a panel of six human breast cancer cell lines. The rhLf cytotoxic effect was determined via a live-cell HTS imaging assay. Also, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry protocols were employed to investigate the rhLf mode of action. The rhLf revealed an effective CC50 of 91.4 and 109.46 µg/ml on non-metastatic and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, with favorable selective cytotoxicity index values, 11.68 and 13.99, respectively. Moreover, rhLf displayed satisfactory SCI values on four additional cell lines, MDA-MB-468, HCC70, MCF-7 and T-47D (1.55-3.34). Also, rhLf provoked plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage in MDA-MB-231 cells, being all three apoptosis-related morphological changes. Also, rhLf was able to shrink the microfilaments, forming a punctuated cytoplasmic pattern in both the MDA-MB-231 and Hs-27 cells, as visualized in confocal photomicrographs. Moreover, performing flow cytometric analysis, rhLf provoked significant phosphatidylserine externalization, cell cycle arrest in the S phase and apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Hence, rhLf possesses selective cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. Also, rhLf caused apoptosis-associated morphologic changes, disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton organization, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and arrest of the cell cycle progression on triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall results suggest that rhLf is using the apoptosis pathway as its mechanism to inflict cell death. Findings warranty further evaluation of rhLf as a potential anti-breast cancer drug option.
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Anasamy T, Chee CF, Kiew LV, Chung LY. In vivo antitumour properties of tribenzyltin carboxylates in a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model: Enhanced efficacy by PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 142:105140. [PMID: 31704345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the in vivo performance of two tribenzyltin carboxylate complexes, tri(4-fluorobenzyl)tin[(N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioyl)sulfanyl]acetate (C1) and tribenzyltin isonicotinate (C9), in their native form as well as in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation, to assess their potential to be translated into clinically useful agents. In a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model, single intravenous administration of C1 (2.7 mg/kg) and C9 (2.1 mg/kg; 2.1 mg/kg C9 is equivalent to 2.7 mg/kg C1) induced greater tumour growth delay than cisplatin and doxorubicin at equivalent doses, while a double-dose regimen demonstrated a much greater tumour growth delay than the single-dose treated groups. To improve the efficacy of the complexes in vivo, C1 and C9 were further integrated into PLGA nanoparticles to yield nanosized PLGA-C1 (183.7 ± 0.8 nm) and PLGA-C9 (163.2 ± 1.2 nm), respectively. Single intravenous administration of PLGA-C1 (2.7 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (2.1 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced greater tumour growth delay (33% reduction in the area under curve compared to that of free C1 and C9). Multiple-dose administration of PLGA-C1 (5.4 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (4.2 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced tumour growth suppression at the end of the study (21.7 and 34.6% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the double-dose regimen; 73.5 and 79.0% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the triple-dose regimen, respectively). Such tumour growth suppression was not observed in mice receiving multiple-dose regimens of free C1 and C9. Histopathological analysis revealed that metastasis to the lung and liver was inhibited in mice receiving PLGA-C1 and PLGA-C9. The current study has demonstrated the improved in vivo antitumour efficacies of C1 and C9 compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs and the enhancement of the efficacies of these agents via a robust PLGA-based nanoformulation and multiple-drug administration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pilžys T, Marcinkowski M, Kukwa W, Garbicz D, Dylewska M, Ferenc K, Mieczkowski A, Kukwa A, Migacz E, Wołosz D, Mielecki D, Klungland A, Piwowarski J, Poznański J, Grzesiuk E. ALKBH overexpression in head and neck cancer: potential target for novel anticancer therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13249. [PMID: 31519943 PMCID: PMC6744417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nine identified human homologues of E. coli AlkB 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase, ALKBH1-8 and FTO, display different substrate specificities and diverse biological functions. Here we discovered the combined overexpression of members of the ALKBH family in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We found direct correlation of ALKBH3 and FTO expression with primary HNSCC tumor size. We observed unidentified thus far cytoplasmic localization of ALKBH2 and 5 in HNSCC, suggesting abnormal role(s) of ALKBH proteins in cancer. Further, high expression of ALKBHs was observed not only in HNSCC, but also in several cancerous cell lines and silencing ALKBH expression in HeLa cancer cells resulted in dramatically decreased survival. Considering the discovered impact of high expression of ALKBH proteins on HNSCC development, we screened for ALKBH blockers among newly synthetized anthraquinone derivatives and demonstrated their potential to support standard anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dylewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ferenc
- Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Large Animal Diseases with the Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Migacz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Wołosz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Mielecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Piwowarski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Solis LH, Ayala Y, Portillo S, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera R, Boland T. Thermal inkjet bioprinting triggers the activation of the VEGF pathway in human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045005. [PMID: 31151129 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab25f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One biofabrication process that has gained tremendous momentum in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is cell-printing or most commonly bioprinting. We have shown that thermal inkjet bioprinted human microvascular endothelial cells were recruited or otherwise involved in the formation of microvasculature to form graft-host anastomoses upon implantation. The present study aims to quantify and characterize the expression and activation of specific cytokines and kinases in vitro. Morphological characteristics demonstrate elongated protrusions of TIB-HMVECs at 5-6 times the size of manually pipetted cells. Moreover, annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide apoptosis assay via flow cytometry demonstrated a 75% apoptosis among printed cells as compared to among control cells. Cell viability at a 3 d incubation period was significantly higher for printed cells as compared to control. Milliplex magnetic bead panels confirmed significant overexpression of HSP70, IL-1α, VEGF-A, IL-8, and FGF-1 of printed cells compared to control. In addition, a Human phospho-kinase array displayed a significant over activation of the heat-shock proteins HSP27 and HSP60 of printed cells compared to the manually seeded cells. Collectively, it is suggested that the massive appearance of capillary blood vessels upon implantation that has been reported elsewhere may be due to the activation of the HSP-NF-κB pathway to produce VEGF. This cell activation may be used as a new strategy for vascularization of tissue engineered constructs which are in high demand in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Solis
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America. Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America
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Kumari S, Sharma N. Nitrosubstituted hydroxamate ligands in new triphenyltin(IV) complexes as prospective antimicrobial agents. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1573993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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Green barley mitigates cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes undergoing aggressive oxidative stress, via activation of both the Lyn/PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6005. [PMID: 30979953 PMCID: PMC6461650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in numerous diseases. Therefore, the pursuit of compounds with antioxidant activity remains critical. Green barley young leaves aqueous extract (GB) was tested for its capacity to ameliorate cellular oxidative stress, and its potential cytoprotective mechanism was partially elucidated. Through Folin-Ciocalteau and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetric assays, GB total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity were found to be 59.91 ± 2.17 mg/L and 110.75 µg/ml (IC50), respectively. Using a live cell-based propidium iodide dye exclusion assay and flow cytometry, GB was found to display significant cytoprotection activity on three human lymphocytic cell lines exposed to an aggressive H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The molecular mechanism for GB cytoprotection activity was assessed via bead-based xMAP technology on the Luminex platform and western blot analysis. GB treatment resulted in activation of Lyn, Akt, and ERK1/2, suggesting that GB is able to mitigate the H2O2-induced oxidative stress via activation of both the Lyn/PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK pathways. Our findings support the notion that GB extract has the potential to be a valuable therapeutic agent and may serve to establish a strategy to discover potential compound(s) or biological extracts/mixtures to be incorporated as a treatment to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Bhaskar C, Chandrasekar S, Mohandas T, Butcher RJ. Dibromidobis(3-bromobenzyl-κ C)(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ 2
N, N′)tin(IV). IUCRDATA 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314619003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, [SnBr2(C7H6Br)2(C24H16N2)], the Sn atom is coordinated to a 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, two 3-bromobenzyl and two bromide ligands, leading to a six-coordinate C2Br2N2 donor set. The bromobenzyl ligands are trans to each other, while the Br anions are in a cis arrangement. One of the two 3-bromobenzyl ligands is disordered over two similar conformations, with occupancies of 0.7078 (18) and 0.2922 (18). In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by Br...Br halogen bonds [3.5972 (12) Å], which are linked into a supramolecular layer in the ac plane by weak intermolecular C—H...Br interactions.
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A new pyridazinone exhibits potent cytotoxicity on human cancer cells via apoptosis and poly-ubiquitinated protein accumulation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:503-519. [PMID: 30825052 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, pyridazinone derivatives have acquired extensive attention due to their widespread biological activities and pharmacological applications. Pyridazinones are well known for their anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardiovascular activities, among others. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of a new pyridazinone derivative and propose it as a potential anti-neoplastic agent in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Pyr-1 cytotoxicity was assessed on several human cancer and two non-cancerous cell lines by the DNS assay. Pyr-1 demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against 22 human cancer cell lines, exhibiting the most favorable selective cytotoxicity on leukemia (CEM and HL-60), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468), and lung (A-549) cancer cell lines, when compared with non-cancerous breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. Analyses of apoptosis/necrosis pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondria health, caspase-3 activation, and cell cycle profile were performed via flow cytometry. Both hmox-1 RNA and protein expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting assays, respectively. Pyr-1 induced apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells as confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, and disrupted cell cycle progression. Additionally, it was determined that Pyr-1 generates oxidative and proteotoxic stress by provoking the accumulation of ROS, resulting in the overexpression of the stress-related hmox-1 mRNA transcripts and protein and a marked increase in poly-ubiquitinated proteins. Our data demonstrate that Pyr-1 induces cell death via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by accumulating ROS and by impairing proteasome activity.
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Díaz-García D, Cenariu D, Pérez Y, Cruz P, Del Hierro I, Prashar S, Fischer-Fodor E, Gómez-Ruiz S. Modulation of the mechanism of apoptosis in cancer cell lines by treatment with silica-based nanostructured materials functionalized with different metallodrugs. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12284-12299. [PMID: 30112529 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mesoporous silica-based material SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous-15) has been modified with the aminodiol ligand 3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propyltriethoxysilane (PADOH) to give the corresponding material SBA-PADOH. Subsequent functionalization with a diorganotin(iv) compound, SnPh2Cl2 (1), and with two titanocene derivatives, TiCp2Cl2 ([Ti(η5-C5H5)2Cl2] (2)) and TiCpCpPhNfCl2 ([Ti(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4CHPhNf)Cl2] (3) (Ph = C6H5; Nf = C10H7)), gave the materials SBA-PADO-SnPh2 (M1), SBA-PADO-TiCp2 (M2) and SBA-PADO-TiCpCp* (M3), respectively. SBA-PADOH and M1-M3 have been characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, XRF, solid-state NMR, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, electrochemical methods, SEM and TEM, observing that the functionalization has mainly taken place inside the pores of the corresponding porous system. In addition, mechanistic aspects of the apoptosis triggered by the synthesized materials have been studied in vitro in tumour cell lines derived from three distinct types of cancer in order to elucidate their growth inhibition and interference with the expression of tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and the first apoptosis signal receptor (Fas or tumour necrosis factor receptor 6). It was observed that the antiproliferative and proapoptotic capacity of the materials depends on their functionalization with the different cytotoxic prodrugs (organotin or titanocene derivatives). The study shows that M1-M3 influence the metabolic activity of the tumour cells and modulate the apoptotic pathways by different mechanisms, according to the active compound inside the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
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Esmail SAA, Shamsi M, Chen T, Al-asbahy WM. Design, synthesis and characterization of tin-based cancer chemotherapy drug entity: In vitro
DNA binding, cleavage, induction of cancer cell apoptosis by triggering DNA damage-mediated p53 phosphorylation and molecular docking. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry; Ibb University; Ibb Yemen
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
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Villanueva PJ, Martinez A, Baca ST, DeJesus RE, Larragoity M, Contreras L, Gutierrez DA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Pyronaridine exerts potent cytotoxicity on human breast and hematological cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206467. [PMID: 30395606 PMCID: PMC6218039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent antimalarial drug pyronaridine (PND) was tested for its potential as an anticancer drug. After exposing cancerous (17) and non-cancerous (2) cells to PND for 72 hr, PND was found to exhibit consistent and potent cytotoxic activity at low micromolar (μM) concentrations that ranged from 1.6 μM to 9.4 μM. Moreover, PND exerted a significant selective cytotoxicity index (SCI) on five out of seven breast cancer cell lines tested, with favorable values of 2.5 to 4.4, as compared with the non-cancerous breast MCF-10A cell line. By using the same comparison, PND exhibited a significant SCI on three out of four leukemia/lymphoma cell lines with promising values of 3.3 to 3.5. One breast cancer and one leukemia cell line were tested further in order to determine the likely mode of action of PND. PND was found to consistently elicit phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA fragmentation, in both the triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HL-60 leukemia cell lines. In addition, PND treatment altered cell cycle progression in both cancer cells. Subsequent DNA mobility-shift assays, UV-Visible spectroscopic titrations, and circular dichroism (CD) experiments revealed that PND intercalates with DNA. The findings presented in this study indicates that PND induces apoptosis and interfered with cell cycle progression of cancer cell lines and these results indicate that this drug has the potential as a repurposed drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina J. Villanueva
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alberto Martinez
- Chemistry Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah T. Baca
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca E. DeJesus
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manuel Larragoity
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisett Contreras
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Arora R, Issar U, Kakkar R. Theoretical investigation of organotin(IV) complexes of substituted benzohydroxamic acids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Popa RA, Licarete E, Banciu M, Silvestru A. Organoselenium compounds containing pyrazole or phenylthiazole groups: Synthesis, structure, tin(IV) complexes and antiproliferative activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana A. Popa
- Centre of Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University; Str. Arany Janos 11 RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology; Babeș-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences; Babeş-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology; Babeș-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences; Babeş-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Anca Silvestru
- Centre of Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babeş-Bolyai University; Str. Arany Janos 11 RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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Ferraz da Silva I, Freitas-Lima LC, Graceli JB, Rodrigues LCDM. Organotins in Neuronal Damage, Brain Function, and Behavior: A Short Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 8:366. [PMID: 29358929 PMCID: PMC5766656 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of exposure to environmental contaminants have shown significant effects on brain function and behavior in different experimental models. The endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) present various classes of pollutants with potential neurotoxic actions, such as organotins (OTs). OTs have received special attention due to their toxic effects on the central nervous system, leading to abnormal mammalian neuroendocrine axis function. OTs are organometallic pollutants with a tin atom bound to one or more carbon atoms. OT exposure may occur through the food chain and/or contaminated water, since they have multiple applications in industry and agriculture. In addition, OTs have been used with few legal restrictions in the last decades, despite being highly toxic. In addition to their action as EDC, OTs can also cross the blood-brain barrier and show relevant neurotoxic effects, as observed in several animal model studies specifically involving the development of neurodegenerative processes, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this short review is to summarize the toxic effects of the most common OT compounds, such as trimethyltin, tributyltin, triethyltin, and triphenyltin, on the brain with a focus on neuronal damage as a result of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We also aim to present evidence for the disruption of behavioral functions, neurotransmitters, and neuroendocrine pathways caused by OTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ferraz da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Psychopharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Cellular Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Cellular Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carla de Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Psychopharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Blasco V, Murga J, Falomir E, Carda M, Royo S, Cuñat AC, Sanz-Cervera JF, Marco JA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic derivatives of combretastatin A-4 containing group 14 elements. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5859-5870. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic compounds bearing group 14 elements have been synthesized. Effects on tumor cells, the cell cycle and VEGFR-2 have been measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Blasco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Juan Murga
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Santiago Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universidad Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Ana C. Cuñat
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | | | - J. Alberto Marco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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36
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Soave CL, Guerin T, Liu J, Dou QP. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system for cancer treatment: discovering novel inhibitors from nature and drug repurposing. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:717-736. [PMID: 29047025 PMCID: PMC5722705 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 15 years, the proteasome has been validated as an anti-cancer drug target and 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib and carfilzomib) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma and some other liquid tumors. However, there are shortcomings of clinical proteasome inhibitors, including severe toxicity, drug resistance, and no effect in solid tumors. At the same time, extensive research has been conducted in the areas of natural compounds and old drug repositioning towards the goal of discovering effective, economical, low toxicity proteasome-inhibitory anti-cancer drugs. A variety of dietary polyphenols, medicinal molecules, metallic complexes, and metal-binding compounds have been found to be able to selectively inhibit tumor cellular proteasomes and induce apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo, supporting the clinical success of specific 20S proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. Therefore, the discovery of natural proteasome inhibitors and researching old drugs with proteasome-inhibitory properties may provide an alternative strategy for improving the current status of cancer treatment and even prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Soave
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Tracey Guerin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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Iniguez E, Varela-Ramirez A, Martínez A, Torres CL, Sánchez-Delgado RA, Maldonado RA. Ruthenium-Clotrimazole complex has significant efficacy in the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2016; 164:402-410. [PMID: 27693373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we reported a novel series of organometallic compounds, RuII complexed with clotrimazole, displaying potent trypanosomatid activity with unnoticeable toxicity toward normal mammalian cells. In view of the promising activity of Ru-clotrimazole complexes against Leishmania major (L. major), the present work sought to investigate the anti-leishmanial activity of the AM162 complex in the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In addition, to facilitate the design of new therapeutic strategies against this disease, we investigated the mode of action of two Ru-clotrimazole complexes in L. major promastigotes. Overall, we demonstrate that AM162 significantly reduced the lesion size in mice exposed to L. major infection. In addition, Ru-clotrimazole compounds are able to induce a mitochondrial dependent apoptotic-like death in the extracellular form of the parasite based on labeling of DNA fragments, mitochondrial depolarization, cell cycle alteration profile and plasma membrane phospholipid externalization. Our findings reveal a promising efficacy of the Ru-clotrimazole AM162 complex for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as pro-apoptotic activity and thus guarantees further evaluation in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Iniguez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Chemistry Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Caresse L Torres
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Roberto A Sánchez-Delgado
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Bioscience Research Building, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Santiago-Vázquez Y, Das U, Varela-Ramirez A, Baca ST, Ayala-Marin Y, Lema C, Das S, Baryyan A, Dimmock JR, Aguilera RJ. Tumor-selective cytotoxicity of a novel pentadiene analogue on human leukemia/ lymphoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:138-146. [PMID: 27857884 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x03666160830165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel series of structurally divergent 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadiene analogues 1-10 displayed marked cytotoxic potencies towards a number of human leukemia/lymphoma cells. OBJECTIVE To identify novel selective cytotoxic compounds that induce apoptosis. METHODS The Differential Nuclear Staining (DNS) screening protocol was utilized to measure the cytotoxicity of all experimental dienones on several cancerous cells. Additionally, the selective cytotoxicity index was calculated by comparing the dienone's cytotoxicity between leukemia/lymphoma cells vs. non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, to discern whether a selected dienone induced cell death via apoptosis or necrosis on T-lymphocyte leukemia cells, diverse approaches were utilized to detect individual biochemical facets of apoptosis. RESULTS The dienones were tested for their anti-neoplastic efficiency on human leukemia/lymphoma-derived cell lines. Special emphasis was applied on dienone 1, on the basis of its sub-micromolar cytotoxicity (CC50=0.43+0.02 μM) and high selective cytotoxicity index (11.1) exerted on T-leukemia cells. In general, dienone 1 showed the most potent cytotoxic properties as compared to other dienones and a related reference cytotoxin curcumin as well as the EF-24 curcumin analogue. Dienone 1 caused cell death by apoptosis in Jurkat cells as evidenced by inducing phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3/7. These effects were mainly attributed to the induction of apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSION The novel dienone 1 was found to exhibit potent anti-leukemia activity by inducing programmed cell death/apoptosis. Consequently, dionone 1 should be developed further to examine its potential efficacy to combat malignancies in a pre-clinical animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Santiago-Vázquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Umashankar Das
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Sarah T Baca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Yoshira Ayala-Marin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Swagatika Das
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Alaa Baryyan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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Nunes LM, Hossain M, Varela-Ramirez A, DAS U, Ayala-Marin YM, Dimmock JR, Aguilera RJ. A novel class of piperidones exhibit potent, selective and pro-apoptotic anti-leukemia properties. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3842-3848. [PMID: 27313705 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present pre-clinical study, a series of 1-[3-(2-methoxyethylthio)-propionyl]-3,5- bis(benzylidene)-4 piperidones and structurally-related compounds were observed to be cytotoxic in vitro to three human leukemia cell lines, namely Nalm-6, CEM and Jurkat. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of the three cell lines ranged between 0.9-126.4 µM and 0.3-11.7 µM at 24 and 48 h subsequent to exposure, respectively. The two lead compounds with sub-micromolar CC50 concentrations, 1-(2-methoxyethylthio-propionyl)-3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4 piperidone (2a) and 3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1-[3-(2-methoxyethyl sulfinyl)-propionyl]-4-piperidone (3e), were selected for additional analyses. Several strategies were undertaken to determine whether the above piperidones caused cell death via apoptosis or necrosis on T-lymphocyte leukemia Jurkat cells. The results revealed that the two piperidones caused phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspase-3, which are all biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. In addition, the selected piperidones displayed selective cytotoxicity towards leukemia cells, and were less toxic in non-cancerous control cells. Therefore, the findings of the present study revealed that the novel piperidones 2a and 3e exert a selective cytotoxic effect on lymphocyte leukemia cells by favoring the activation of the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Nunes
- Cytometry, Imaging and Screening Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Cytometry, Imaging and Screening Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Umashankar DAS
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Yoshira M Ayala-Marin
- Cytometry, Imaging and Screening Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cytometry, Imaging and Screening Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
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Corvo ML, Mendo AS, Figueiredo S, Gaspar R, Larguinho M, Guedes da Silva MFC, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Liposomes as Delivery System of a Sn(IV) Complex for Cancer Therapy. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1351-8. [PMID: 27033349 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE Tin complexes demonstrate antiproliferative activities in some case higher than cisplatin, with IC50 at the low micromolar range. We have previously showed that the cyclic trinuclear complex of Sn(IV) bearing an aromatic oximehydroxamic acid group [nBu2Sn(L)]3 (L=N,2-dihydroxy-5-[N-hydroxyethanimidoyl]benzamide) (MG85) shows high anti-proliferative activity, induces apoptosis and oxidative stress, and causes destabilization of tubulin microtubules, particularly in colorectal carcinoma cells. Despite the great efficacy towards cancer cells, this complex still shows some cytotoxicity to healthy cells. Targeted delivery of this complex specifically towards cancer cells might foster cancer treatment. METHODS MG85 complex was encapsulated into liposomal formulation with and without an active targeting moiety and cancer and healthy cells cytotoxicity was evaluated. RESULTS Encapsulation of MG85 complex in targeting PEGylated liposomes enhanced colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cancer cell death when compared to free complex, whilst decreasing cytotoxicity in non-tumor cells. Labeling of liposomes with Rhodamine allowed assessing internalization in cells, which showed significant cell uptake after 6 h of incubation. Cetuximab was used as targeting moiety in the PEGylated liposomes that displayed higher internalization rate in HCT116 cells when compared with non-targeted liposomes, which seems to internalize via active binding of Cetuximab to cells. CONCLUSIONS The proposed formulation open new avenues in the design of innovative transition metal-based vectorization systems that may be further extended to other novel metal complexes towards the improvement of their anti-cancer efficacy, which is usually hampered by solubility issues and/or toxicity to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Soraia Mendo
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sara Figueiredo
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,ToxOmics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana, 1150-082, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Gaspar
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Larguinho
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Fátima C Guedes da Silva
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,ToxOmics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana, 1150-082, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Robles-Escajeda E, Das U, Ortega NM, Parra K, Francia G, Dimmock JR, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. A novel curcumin-like dienone induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:265-77. [PMID: 26920032 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. In the USA ~12.3 % of all women are expected to be diagnosed with various types of breast cancer, exhibiting varying degrees of therapeutic response rates. Therefore, the identification of novel anti-breast cancer drugs is of paramount importance. METHODS The 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore was incorporated into a number of cytotoxins. Three of the resulting dienones, 2a, 2b and 2c, were tested for their anti-neoplastic potencies in a variety of human breast cancer-derived cell lines, including the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line and its metastatic variant, using a live-cell bio-imaging method. Special emphasis was put on dienone 2c, since its anti-cancer activity and its mode of inflicting cell death have so far not been reported. RESULTS We found that all three dienones exhibited potent cytotoxicities towards the breast cancer-derived cell lines tested, whereas significantly lower toxicities were observed towards the non-cancerous human breast cell line MCF-10A. The dienones 2b and 2c exhibited the greatest selective cytotoxicity at submicromolar concentration levels. We found that these two dienones induced phosphatidylserine externalization in MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that their cytotoxic effect might be mediated by apoptosis. This possibility was confirmed by our observation that the dienone 2c can induce mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activation, cell cycle disruption and DNA fragmentation in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that dienone 2c uses the mitochondrial/intrinsic pathway to inflict apoptosis in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-derived cells. This observation warrants further assessment of dienone 2c as a potential anti-breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Nora M Ortega
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Karla Parra
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Giulio Francia
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA.
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968-0519, USA.
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Oldham ED, Nunes LM, Varela-Ramirez A, Rankin SE, Knutson BL, Aguilera RJ, Lehmler HJ. Cytotoxic activity of triazole-containing alkyl β-D-glucopyranosides on a human T-cell leukemia cell line. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25705252 PMCID: PMC4333309 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple glycoside surfactants represent a class of chemicals that are produced from renewable raw materials. They are considered to be environmentally safe and, therefore, are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, detergents, and personal care products. Although they display low to moderate toxicity in cells in culture, the underlying mechanisms of surfactant-mediated cytotoxicity are poorly investigated. RESULTS We synthesized a series of triazole-linked (fluoro)alkyl β-glucopyranosides using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne reaction, one of many popular "click" reactions that enable efficient preparation of structurally diverse compounds, and investigate the toxicity of this novel class of surfactant in the Jurkat cell line. Similar to other carbohydrate surfactants, the cytotoxicity of the triazole-linked alkyl β-glucopyranosides was low, with IC50 values decreasing from 1198 to 24 μM as the hydrophobic tail length increased from 8 to 16 carbons. The two alkyl β-glucopyranosides with the longest hydrophobic tails caused apoptosis by mechanisms involving mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Triazole-linked, glucose-based surfactants 4a-g and other carbohydrate surfactants may cause apoptosis, and not necrosis, at low micromolar concentrations via induction of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade; however, additional studies are needed to fully explore the molecular mechanisms of their toxicity. Graphical AbstractTriazole-linked, glucose-based surfactants cause apoptosis, and not necrosis, at low micromolar concentrations via induction of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Davis Oldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mary Washington, 1300 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA
| | - Larissa M Nunes
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Stephen E Rankin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Barbara L Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Niu L, Li Y, Li Q. Medicinal properties of organotin compounds and their limitations caused by toxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Santiago-Vazquez Y, Das S, Das U, Robles-Escajeda E, Ortega NM, Lema C, Varela-Ramírez A, Aguilera RJ, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Dimmock SG, Gorecki DKJ, Dimmock JR. Novel 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl dimers: structure-activity relationships and potent antileukemic and antilymphoma cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:315-22. [PMID: 24657568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel clusters of 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl dimers 3-5 were evaluated against human Molt4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes and human HeLa cervix adenocarcinoma cells as well as murine L1210 leukemia neoplasms. Several of these compounds demonstrated IC50 values in the submicromolar and low micromolar range and compounds possessing 4-fluoro, 4-chloro and 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituents in the series 3 and 4 were identified as potent molecules. A heat map revealed the very high cytotoxic potencies of representative compounds against a number of additional leukemic and lymphoma cell lines and displayed greater toxicity to these cells than nonmalignant MCF10A and Hs-27 neoplasms. These dienones are more refractory to breast and prostate cancers. The evaluation of representative compounds in series 3-5 against a panel of human cancer cell lines revealed them to be potent cytotoxins with average IC50 values ranging from 0.05 to 8.51 μM. In particular, the most potent compound 4g demonstrated over 382-fold and 590-fold greater average cytotoxic potencies in this screen than the reference drugs, melphalan and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. A mode of action investigation of two representative compounds 3f and 4f indicated that they induce apoptosis which is due, at least in part, to the activation of caspase-3 and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Santiago-Vazquez
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Swagatika Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | - Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Nora M Ortega
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA.
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G Dimmock
- Department of Finance, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Dennis K J Gorecki
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA
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46
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Pedroza DA, De Leon F, Varela-Ramirez A, Lema C, Aguilera RJ, Mito S. The cytotoxic effect of 2-acylated-1,4-naphthohydroquinones on leukemia/lymphoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:842-7. [PMID: 24368029 PMCID: PMC4215946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we tested seven 2-acylated-1,4-hydronaphthoquinones for their cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer lymphoma/leukemia cells and compared to a non-cancer origin cell line. Several naphthohydroquinones exhibited selective cytotoxic effects on lymphoma/leukemia cells with lowest activity on non-cancer cells. The mode of cell death induced by an acylated naphthohydroquinone, which has a long alkyl chain, was found to be via apoptosis. Furthermore, the naphthohydroquinone provoked mitochondria depolarization and activation of its downstream effector, caspase-3, thus implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as its mechanism to exert cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pedroza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Fernando De Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Shizue Mito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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Ma C, Cheng S, Hu Z, Li Q, Zhang R, Zhang S. Synthesis and characterization of a novel o-tolyltelluronic trimethyltin ester and its cytotoxic assessment in vitro. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:671-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Robles-Escajeda E, Martínez A, Varela-Ramirez A, Sánchez-Delgado RA, Aguilera RJ. Analysis of the cytotoxic effects of ruthenium-ketoconazole and ruthenium-clotrimazole complexes on cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:431-43. [PMID: 24272524 PMCID: PMC4207122 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based compounds have intriguing anti-cancer properties, and some of these novel compounds are currently in clinical trials. To continue the development of new metal-based drug combinations, we coupled ruthenium (Ru) with the azole compounds ketoconazole (KTZ) and clotrimazole (CTZ), which are well-known antifungal agents that also display anticancer properties. We report the activity of a series of 12 Ru-KTZ and Ru-CTZ compounds against three prostate tumor cell lines with different androgen sensitivity, as well as cervical cancer and lymphoblastic lymphoma cell lines. In addition, human cell lines were used to evaluate the toxicity against non-transformed cells and to establish selectivity indexes. Our results indicate that the combination of ruthenium and KTZ/CTZ in a single molecule results in complexes that are more cytotoxic than the individual components alone, displaying in some cases low micromolar CC50 values and high selectivity indexes. Additionally, all compounds are more cytotoxic against prostate cell lines with lower cytotoxicity against non-transformed epidermal cell lines. Some of the compounds were found to primarily induce cell death via apoptosis yet weakly interact with DNA. Our studies also demonstrate that the cytotoxicity induced by our Ru-based compounds is not directly related to their ability to interact with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Oldham ED, Seelam S, Lema C, Aguilera RJ, Fiegel J, Rankin SE, Knutson BL, Lehmler HJ. Synthesis, surface properties, and biocompatibility of 1,2,3-triazole-containing alkyl β-D-xylopyranoside surfactants. Carbohydr Res 2013; 379:68-77. [PMID: 23872788 PMCID: PMC3764597 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in the development of surfactants derived from hemicellulosic biomass, as they are potential components in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other detergents. Such surfactants should exhibit low toxicity in mammalian cells. In this study we synthesized a series of alkyl or fluoroalkyl β-xylopyranosides from azides and an alkyne using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) 'click' reaction in 4 steps from xylose. The purified products were evaluated for both their surfactant properties, and for their biocompatibility. Unlike other carbohydrate-based surfactants, liquid-crystalline behavior was not observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The triazole-containing β-xylopyranosides with short (6 carbons) and long (>12 carbons) chains exhibited no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 μM. Triazole-containing β-xylopyranosides with 8, 10, or 12 carbons caused toxicity via apoptosis, with CC50 values ranging from 26-890 μM. The two longest chain compounds did form stable monolayers at the air-water interface over a range of temperatures, although a brief transition to an the unstable monolayer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Davis Oldham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
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Robles-Escajeda E, Lerma D, Nyakeriga AM, Ross JA, Kirken RA, Aguilera RJ, Varela-Ramirez A. Searching in mother nature for anti-cancer activity: anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect elicited by green barley on leukemia/lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73508. [PMID: 24039967 PMCID: PMC3767772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Green barley extract (GB) was investigated for possible anti-cancer activity by examining its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties on human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Our results indicate that GB exhibits selective anti-proliferative activity on a panel of leukemia/lymphoma cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Specifically, GB disrupted the cell-cycle progression within BJAB cells, as manifested by G2/M phase arrest and DNA fragmentation, and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation to the outer cytoplasmic membrane in two B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. The pro-apoptotic effect of GB was found to be independent of mitochondrial depolarization, thus implicating extrinsic cell death pathways to exert its cytotoxicity. Indeed, GB elicited an increase of TNF-α production, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, and PARP-1 cleavage within pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6 cells. Moreover, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation and PARP-1 cleavage were strongly inhibited/blocked by the addition of the specific caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Furthermore, intracellular signaling analyses determined that GB treatment enhanced constitutive activation of Lck and Src tyrosine kinases in Nalm-6 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that GB induced preferential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic signals within B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells, as determined by the following biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis: PS externalization, enhanced release of TNF-α, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation, PARP-1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation Our observations reveal that GB has potential as an anti-leukemia/lymphoma agent alone or in combination with standard cancer therapies and thus warrants further evaluation in vivo to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dennise Lerma
- St. Mary’s University School of Science, Engineering and Technology, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alice M. Nyakeriga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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