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Koto Y, Tanaka M, Ueki S, Niinomi K. Experiences of siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: a qualitative systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024:02174543-990000000-00346. [PMID: 39224915 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-24-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to explore the experiences of siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. INTRODUCTION With improved life expectancy of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, the research focus is on care at home and in the community. Although parents are the primary caregivers, siblings often assume the role of young caregivers, bearing the weight of caregiving responsibilities. Thus, a synthesis of qualitative findings is required regarding their experiences to facilitate the development of effective support strategies. INCLUSION CRITERIA Siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities will be included, defined as children with an IQ of ≤40 or mental development below a 2-year-old's level, coupled with an inability to walk independently. Disabled children aged <20 years will be included. There will be no restrictions on the siblings' age or type of relationship. Qualitative studies on experiences, caregiving burdens, challenges, difficulties, and frustration in daily life will be considered, covering home, community, school, and hospital settings for children with disabilities. METHODS We will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search strategy will be conducted in 3 phases: initial limited search, comprehensive database search, and reference list search of the included articles. The MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Scopus, Ichushi-Web, and CiNii databases will be searched, with no restrictions on language or publication date. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers. We will evaluate the final synthesized findings using the ConQual approach. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42024499042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koto
- Graduate School of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- The Japan Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Graduate School of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Ueki
- The Japan Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Niinomi
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Sarikaya Şeker P, Öztürk Şahin Ö. The impact of disability awareness education program for typically developing children on attitudes and behaviors toward siblings with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024:17446295241276282. [PMID: 39151173 DOI: 10.1177/17446295241276282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the "Disability Awareness Education Program" implemented for typically developing children with siblings who have intellectual disabilities on the attitudes and behaviors of these children. This study is divided into two stages. The first stage is descriptive, while the second is a quasi-experimental study consisting of pre-, post-intervention, and control groups. The study was carried out on the parents and typically developing siblings of children with intellectual disabilities studying in Special Educational Institutions in a province of Turkey. In the first phase, it was determined that 31 of 913 intellectually disabled children had siblings with typically developing aged 13-15. In the second phase, the education program was applied to typically developing siblings in the intervention group. It was concluded that the education program applied to typically developing children had a positive impact on their attitudes and behaviors toward their siblings with intellectual disabilities.
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Alon R. Emerging adults' emotions toward their siblings with down syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 151:104791. [PMID: 38954913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typically-developing siblings of individuals with Down Syndrome often experience complex emotions towards their sibling. This study explored how social support, personal resources (optimism, sense of coherence [SOC]), and individual variables (sex, religious affiliation, siblings' functionality) may impact emerging adult siblings' emotions toward their sibling with Down Syndrome. METHODS Participants were 292 siblings of individuals with DS ranging in age from 18-27 (M=21.54, SD=2.50). Participants completed self-report questionnaires exploring optimism, SOC, support, and acceptance. RESULTS Higher levels of support and optimism were positively associated with positive emotions, and higher SOC with lower levels of negative emotions. Siblings' functionality and religious affiliation interacted with variables to predict emotions. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a greater understanding of how emotions may play a role in sibling relations during the emerging adulthood stage. It also provides unique insight into how religious affiliation may be associated with more positive outcomes for siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaya Alon
- Michlalah Jerusalem College, Baruch Duvdevani 36, Jerusalem 9116002, Israel.
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Trew S. Close Relationships Despite the Challenges: Sibling Relationships and Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06412-4. [PMID: 38858310 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the experiences of siblings of autistic adolescents within families. Without the novel insights generated from engaging with siblings of autistic adolescents within a qualitative framework, it can be challenging to develop strategies for practicing effectively with this group or structuring interventions with these families. Using a social constructivist approach and qualitative participatory methodology, the exploratory study was conducted using in-depth interviews with ten non-autistic siblings, analyzed via a thematic analysis method. The results reveal a common feeling of uncertainty and apprehension in the relationships, leading siblings to physical and emotional detachment from their autistic brothers or sisters. The research emphasizes the caregiving roles predominantly taken up by sisters, especially when the autistic sibling is a brother with intellectual disability. These roles exert substantial demands, with unclear boundaries suggesting potential role confusion. The findings have important implications for family practice, necessitating the need to address role conflict and promote role clarity. They also underscore the gendered nature of caregiving, advocating for support to sister-siblings in these roles. This study revealed the complexities of sibling relationships in families with a member who is an autistic adolescent sibling. The study suggests interventions that promote open family dialogues for a balanced approach to family roles, providing valuable guidance to practitioners to enhance siblings and family well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trew
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, 223 Anthill Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2602, Australia.
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Fjermestad KW, Orm S, Fredriksen T, Haukeland YB, Vatne TM. Factor Structure of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale (ECR-RS) in Siblings of Children with Chronic Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:560. [PMID: 38790555 PMCID: PMC11120601 DOI: 10.3390/children11050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the factor structure of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationships Structures (ECR-RS), an attachment-theory based relationship measure, in at-risk sample comprising siblings of children with chronic disorders. Psychometric studies with general populations have demonstrated that the ECR-RS comprises two factors, representing anxiety and avoidance in close relationships. The sample comprised 103 siblings (M age = 11.5 years, SD = 2.2, range 8 to 16 years) of children with chronic disorders and their parents. The siblings completed a 9-item version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationships Structures (ECR-RS) about their relations with mothers and fathers that was analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis. We examined construct validity using correlations between sibling social functioning, measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and parent mental health, measured with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The ECR-RS comprised two factors, anxiety and avoidance, in line with previous studies. Both factors demonstrated significant overlap with sibling social functioning, but not with parental mental health. We conclude that the ECR-RS comprises two factors, anxiety and avoidance, that are related to siblings' social functioning. The ECR-RS can be used as a psychometrically sound measure of relationship anxiety and avoidance in families of children with chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister W. Fjermestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, N-0373 Oslo, Norway; (T.F.); (T.M.V.)
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, N-1404 Siggerud, Norway
| | - Stian Orm
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway;
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Trude Fredriksen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, N-0373 Oslo, Norway; (T.F.); (T.M.V.)
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway;
| | | | - Torun M. Vatne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, N-0373 Oslo, Norway; (T.F.); (T.M.V.)
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, N-1404 Siggerud, Norway
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Alcalá-Cerrillo M, Barrios-Fernández S, García-Gil MÁ, Carmelo Adsuar J, Vicente-Castro F, Fernández-Solana J, González-Bernal JJ. Early Intervention, Regular Education, and Family: Reciprocal Influences on Communication and Language Disorders. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:43. [PMID: 38255357 PMCID: PMC10814521 DOI: 10.3390/children11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Families are the primary caregivers and the main source of support for their children. Family resilience involves coping and adapting to stressful situations. This study explored the impact of previous treatment experience on parental resilience, in families, as well as the relationship between family history of communication and language disorders and parental stress. These variables were assessed through the Resilience Scale and the Parental Stress Index in parents of 220 children aged 3 to 6 years attending mainstream schools and early intervention (EI) centers in Caceres (Spain). The results revealed significant differences in resilience between parents who had received previous treatments and those who had not (p = 0.11). Furthermore, a significant association was found between having no family history of communication and language disorders and the Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction subscale from the Parental Stress Index (U = -2.079, p = 0.038). These findings highlight the relevance of previous experience in EI to build family resilience as resilient parents are more likely to be actively involved in their children's education and create a supportive environment. Thus, promoting resilience in educational settings may have positive effects on children's and families' quality of life during the EI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcalá-Cerrillo
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (S.B.-F.)
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernández
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (S.B.-F.)
| | - Maria Ángeles García-Gil
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Florencio Vicente-Castro
- Developmental and Educational Psychology of Childhood, Teens, The Elderly and Disabilities Association (INFAD), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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Veldhuizen EE, Franssen G, Schothorst PF, Scheepers FE. The importance of informal support and a listening ear: A narrative analysis of emotional conflict and support needs of siblings of children with a psychiatric disorder. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1291-1304. [PMID: 36127317 PMCID: PMC10540488 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221127929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the self-reported impact of children's psychiatric disorders on their siblings and assesses what forms of support such children most value. We used a qualitative research design with open interviews to stimulate children between 8 and 15 years old to talk about their experiences living with a brother or sister with a psychiatric disorder. Their stories were analysed within a hermeneutic phenomenological framework in order to identify narrative themes and interpret the meaning of shared experiences. From our analysis, nine shared narrative themes emerge. Overall, siblings report feeling conflicted about adapting their lives to their brother's or sister's disorder and signal a need for personalized attention from parents. They also indicate that being involved in the care for their brother or sister helps them to better understand their behaviour. Finally, siblings reveal that, in their experience, formal, protocolized forms of support foreground family problems and stress. Thus, we recommend to involve children in the care process; to acknowledge their personal needs and conflicts; and to be mindful of the style of support: help offered in an informal or playful way, instead of formal and protocolized, could be a more effective way of meeting siblings' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaston Franssen
- Humanities, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Veerman LKM, Willemen AM, Derks SDM, Brouwer-van Dijken AAJ, Sterkenburg PS. The effectiveness of the serious game "Broodles" for siblings of children with intellectual disabilities and/or visual impairment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:336. [PMID: 37198687 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siblings of children with disabilities also need support. However, there are only a few evidence-based interventions for these siblings. The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed serious game for young siblings of children with intellectual disability (ID) and/or visual impairment (VI). This serious game is hypothesized to improve sibling's quality of life, adjustment to their brother's or sister's disability, and multiple aspects of psychosocial well-being. METHODS The intervention consists of a serious game called "Broodles" (in Dutch: "Broedels") that helps children to recognize and deal with thoughts, feelings, and difficult situations. The game consists of eight 20-minute levels that all have the same structure with eight game elements. Each level addresses a domain of sibling quality of life and combines animations, mini-documentaries, fun mini-games, and multiple-choice questions. In addition to the game, siblings make a worksheet after playing each level. In order to support the child, the parents or caregivers receive a short brochure with information and tips. The effectiveness of the intervention will be investigated among a sample of 154 children aged 6-9 years and their parents or caregivers, using a two-arm parallel RCT design. The experimental group will play the serious game "Broodles" over a period of 4 weeks, whereas the control group will be placed on a waiting list. Assessments will take place at three time points: pre-test (week 1), post-test (week 5), and follow-up (weeks 12-14). At each timepoint, children and parents will complete several questionnaires on quality of life and different aspects of psychosocial well-being. In addition, children will make drawings to assess the sibling relationship. Next to that, parents and children will answer closed and open-ended questions about the sibling adjustment to their brother or sister's disability. Finally, parents and children will evaluate the serious game through closed and open-ended questions. DISCUSSION This study contributes to the knowledge about sibling interventions and serious games. Additionally, if the serious game is proven to be effective, it will be a readily available, easily accessible, and free of charge intervention for siblings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05376007, registered prospectively on April 21, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K M Veerman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands.
| | - Agnes M Willemen
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne D M Derks
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paula S Sterkenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies; LEARN!; Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Doorn, Oude Arnhemse Bovenweg 3, 3941 XM, the Netherlands
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Wolff B, Franco VR, Magiati I, Cooper MN, Roberts R, Skoss R, Glasson EJ. Individual-Level Risk and Resilience Factors Associated with Mental Health in Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Network Analysis. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:112-134. [PMID: 36942456 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2190119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) are exposed to unique family environments and experience a range of psychosocial risk and resilience factors. Networks of self-reported risk, resilience, and neuropsychiatric variables were estimated for siblings of individuals with (n = 235) and without (n = 480) NDCs (N = 715, mean age 22.40 years, 76% female, 74% White Caucasian). The NDC group reported more depressive (g = 0.39) and anxious (g = 0.43) symptoms than controls, and 71.5% of the NDC group reported at least one neuropsychiatric diagnosis compared to 36.9% of controls. Self-reported sleep and post-traumatic stress disorders were high amongst NDC siblings. Everyday executive functioning difficulties (cognitive inflexibility, hyperactivity/impulsivity) and emotion dysregulation were the most influential transdiagnostic risk factors for poorer functioning within the NDC group network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Wolff
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute , Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Vithor R Franco
- Department of Psych ology, São Francisco University, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iliana Magiati
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute , Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Skoss
- Telethon Kids Institute , Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - Emma J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute , Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, WA, Perth, Australia
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Wolff B, Magiati I, Roberts R, Skoss R, Glasson EJ. Psychosocial Interventions and Support Groups for Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review of Sibling Self-reported Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:143-189. [PMID: 36175605 PMCID: PMC9879846 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of persons with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) have increased risk of poorer psychosocial functioning. This systematic review evaluated quantitative and qualitative evidence on sibling mental health and wellbeing outcomes following psychosocial interventions and the risk and protective factors associated with post-intervention outcomes. From 2025 identified studies published from 1991 to 2022 across ten databases, 24 studies were included. The largest immediate post-intervention improvements were in self-esteem, social wellbeing and knowledge of NDCs. The most sustained improvements in intervention groups at follow-up periods were in emotional and behavioural adjustment and NDC knowledge. There were positive, but small, differences in favour of the intervention groups on knowledge of NDCs, self-esteem, coping and the sibling relationship as compared to waitlist control groups. Psychosocial interventions for siblings are heterogeneous, and more data, including consideration of unique family circumstances, are needed to improve reporting and replicability, to measure effectiveness and tailor necessary supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Wolff
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Iliana Magiati
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Skoss
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Jansen-van Vuuren J, Dawud S, Lysaght R, Batorowicz B, Aldersey HM. Family quality of life and children with disability in Ethiopia: The role of support providers. Afr J Disabil 2023; 12:1124. [PMID: 36876025 PMCID: PMC9982469 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family quality of life (FQOL) is an important outcome for families of children with disabilities globally and provision of support is associated with enhanced FQOL. However, FQOL research primarily focuses on conceptualisation and measurement, and originates from high-income contexts despite the fact that most children with disabilities live in low-income countries. Objectives The authors examined how Ethiopian disability support providers practically contribute to meeting the needs of families of children with disabilities to enhance FQOL. Method Building on a previous study exploring Ethiopian families' perspectives on FQOL, the authors used an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach to interview various support providers. Interviews were conducted virtually (because of the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic) in English or with interpreting assistance. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results Support providers affirmed what families had described as important for FQOL - spirituality, relationships, self-sufficiency - and recognised their enormous support needs. They described various ways to support families - emotionally, physically, materially and informationally. They also expressed challenges and their need for support to meet families' needs. Conclusion Ethiopian families of children with disabilities need holistic support that incorporates spirituality, the whole family's needs and disability awareness-raising. Collaborative and committed engagement from all stakeholders is necessary to support Ethiopian families to flourish. Contribution This study contributes to global understandings of FQOL and describes practical approaches to support families of children with disabilities in an African context. The findings of this study highlight the influence of spirituality, relationships, self-sufficiency, poverty and stigma and the need for holistic support and disability awareness-raising to enhance FQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jansen-van Vuuren
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Solomon Dawud
- Community Based Rehabilitation, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rosemary Lysaght
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Beata Batorowicz
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Heather M. Aldersey
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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Wolff B, Magiati I, Roberts R, Pellicano E, Glasson EJ. Risk and resilience factors impacting the mental health and wellbeing of siblings of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions: A mixed methods systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 98:102217. [PMID: 36368218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pre-registered systematic review synthesised and evaluated the existing literature on self-reported mental health and wellbeing of siblings of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs). METHODS From 2437 identified studies published 2000-2022, 81 studies were included: 14 population- or cohort-based, 39 quantitative, 7 mixed method, and 21 qualitative outcome studies. RESULTS Seven sibling mental health (any psychiatric disorder, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, internalising and externalising difficulties) and five wellbeing indicators were identified (quality of life, emotional adjustment, social wellbeing, somatic/physical wellbeing, and resilience/growth). Overall, siblings had increased risk of any psychiatric disorder, but they also reported experiences of growth and resilience, primarily in qualitative studies. 41 risk factors and 24 resilience factors associated with these outcomes were identified; the most frequently cited risk factor was symptom severity of the NDC sibling, while the most common resilience factor was adaptive/active coping at the individual sibling level. Studies showed high methodological heterogeneity and 90 different self-report measures were used. CONCLUSIONS Sibling mental health indictors are heterogeneous and cumulative risk factors may result in poorer wellbeing. There is a need for consistent reporting of family and sibling characteristics, a strengths-based approach to assessment, and identification of protective and resilience-promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Wolff
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Iliana Magiati
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Emma J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Noritz G, Davidson L, Steingass K. Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy. Pediatrics 2022; 150:e2022060055. [PMID: 36404756 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disorder of childhood, with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.5 to 4 in 1000 live births. This clinical report seeks to provide primary care physicians with guidance to detect children with CP; collaborate with specialists in treating the patient; manage associated medical, developmental, and behavioral problems; and provide general medical care to their patients with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garey Noritz
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Lynn Davidson
- The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Katherine Steingass
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
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Martinez B, Pechlivanoglou P, Meng D, Traubici B, Mahood Q, Korczak D, Colasanto M, Mahant S, Orkin J, Cohen E. Clinical Health Outcomes of Siblings of Children with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2022; 250:83-92.e8. [PMID: 35810772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess clinical mental and physical health outcomes of siblings of children with chronic health condition(s) compared with siblings of healthy children or normative data. STUDY DESIGN We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and CINAHL through August 9, 2021. We included English-language studies that reported clinically diagnosable mental or physical health outcomes among siblings of children (<18 years old) with a chronic health condition, included a comparison group, and used an experimental or observational study design. Two reviewers extracted data and independently assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Of 9899 screened studies, 34 were included; 28 studies reported on mental health, 3 reported on physical health, and 3 reported on mortality. Siblings of children with chronic conditions had greater depression rating scale scores than their comparison groups (standardized mean difference = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.38-0.68; P < .001 [6 studies]), whereas anxiety scores were not substantially increased (standardized mean difference = 0.21; 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.43; P = .07 [7 studies]). The effects for confirmed psychiatric diagnoses (7 studies), mortality (3 studies), or physical health outcomes (3 studies) could not be meta-analyzed given the limited number of studies and between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Siblings of children with chronic health conditions may be at an increased risk of depression. Our findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to support the psychological well-being of siblings of children with chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Martinez
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petros Pechlivanoglou
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Quenby Mahood
- Hospital Library and Archives, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marlena Colasanto
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mahant
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Orkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Acceptability of A Virtual Mind-Body Group Intervention for Teen Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:5243-5252. [PMID: 35657446 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Teenage siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of worse mental health outcomes than their peers, yet there have been few interventions focused on improving their psychosocial wellbeing. This study explored the acceptability of an 8-session virtual group mind-body resiliency intervention for teen siblings of children with ASD. We used mixed methods to assess quantitative and qualitative survey results. Participants reported that the intervention had the right amount of sessions (88%), structure (74%), and duration (89%). Most participants felt comfortable during sessions (74%), found it helpful to learn mind-body exercises (74%), and that the intervention helped in coping with stress (71%). Though participants were satisfied with the opportunity to meet peers, they desired more social connection.
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16
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Schamong AS, Liebermann-Jordanidis H, Brockmeier K, Sticker E, Kalbe E. Psychosocial well-being and quality of life in siblings of children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review. J Child Health Care 2022; 26:319-337. [PMID: 33913768 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211012933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major global health problem. Until recently, the siblings of this group did not receive much attention. This review, conducted from November 2019 to October 2020, aims to summarize knowledge about psychosocial well-being and quality of life (QoL), associated factors, and interventions for siblings of children with CHD. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science via EBSCOhost, and CENTRAL. Twelve articles were included. Results showed that psychosocial well-being was impaired in 14% to 40% of siblings. Negative impact of illness was highest for CHD siblings compared to siblings of children with cancer, cystic fibrosis, or diabetes. QoL was impaired in up to one-third. Siblings of children with CHD and cancer rated their QoL lower than those of siblings of children with cystic fibrosis or type-1 diabetes. Associated factors were sibling age, gender, socioeconomic status, miscarriage, previous sibling death, visibility of illness, and severity of condition. Only one of two interventions focused on siblings of CHD children. Although data are scarce and inhomogeneous, it indicates that siblings of CHD children suffer from lower psychosocial well-being and QoL than siblings of children with other chronic conditions. Interventions to improve their situation should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Schamong
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 27182University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Liebermann-Jordanidis
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology, Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 27182University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 27182University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sticker
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, 27182University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology, Neuropsychology, Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 27182University of Cologne, Germany
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17
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Feriante J, Shayani A, Lauer E, Pressman A, Rubin E. Sibling Support Program: A Novel Peer Support Intervention for Parents, Caregivers and Siblings of Youth Experiencing Mental Illness. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050908. [PMID: 35628046 PMCID: PMC9140975 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caregivers and siblings of youth with mental illness often experience role-related psychological challenges, and it is important to focus on the needs of these family members. Existing literature demonstrates that caregivers and affected children benefit from participation in peer support and family-centered programs. This paper describes the Sibling Support Program: A Family-Centered Mental Health Initiative (SSP), a novel intervention for families of youth with mental illness. The SSP distinguishes itself from existing family-centered programs in that it utilizes a unique combination of peer support, parent mentor guidance, and clinician-led group therapy. The paper details the structure of the treatment model and presents preliminary data from participant surveys. Results show preliminary indications that the program provides both emotional and practical benefits. Along with high satisfaction ratings, family members report decreased feelings of isolation, gains in knowledge, and more positive thinking after program participation. Caregivers report that the SSP helped improve their understanding about the impact of a child’s mental illness on family members, and that they learned about effective family management strategies and access to resources. Siblings report learning coping strategies and feeling better after meeting peers with shared experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Feriante
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Ariella Shayani
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Emily Lauer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Adele Pressman
- Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Emily Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Haukeland YB, Vatne TM, Mossige S, Fjermestad KW. Psychosocial Functioning in Siblings of Children With Rare Disorders Compared to Controls. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:537-544. [PMID: 34970091 PMCID: PMC8686778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Siblings of children with chronic disorders are at increased risk of psychosocial problems. The risk may be exacerbated when the chronic disorder is rare and limited medical knowledge is available, due to more uncertainty and feelings of isolation. We examined mental health, parent-child communication, child-parent relationship quality, and social support among 100 children aged 8 to 16 years (M age 11.5 years, SD = 2.2; 50.0% boys, 50.0% girls). Fifty-six were siblings of children with rare disorders, and 44 were controls. The siblings of children with rare disorders (herein, siblings) were recruited from a resource centre for rare disorders and comprised siblings of children with a range of rare disorders including neuromuscular disorders and rare chromosomal disorders with intellectual disability. Controls were recruited from schools. Self-reported child mental health was significantly poorer for siblings compared to controls (effect size difference d = 0.75). Parent-reported child mental health was not significantly different between the groups (d = -0.06 to 0.16). Most child-parent relationships (anxiety/avoidance; mothers/fathers) were significantly poorer for siblings compared to controls (d = 0.47 to 0.91). There was no difference between groups in anxious relation with mother. Parent-child communication was significantly poorer for siblings compared to controls (d = -0.87 to -0.75). Social support was significantly poorer for siblings compared to controls (d = 0.61). We conclude that siblings of children with rare disorders display more psychosocial problems than controls. Interventions are indicated to prevent further maladjustment for siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yngvild B. Haukeland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Yngvild B. Haukeland, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway; ; ORCID iD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-6944
| | - Torun M. Vatne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway,Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud,
Norway
| | - Svein Mossige
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Krister W. Fjermestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway,Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud,
Norway
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19
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Claudel-Valentin S, Arnould D, Clément-Christophe S, Thomazo C, Dayan C. Groupes fratries comme dispositifs d’accompagnement des frères et sœurs d’enfants porteurs de handicap et/ou maladie : une revue de la littérature. PRAT PSYCHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Haukeland YB, Fjermestad KW, Mossige S, Vatne TM. Parent-child communication about emotions during SIBS: a joint intervention for siblings and parents of children with chronic disorders. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1986850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krister Westlye Fjermestad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Frambu Competence Center for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway
| | - Svein Mossige
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Meltzer A. What is 'sibling support'? Defining the social support sector serving siblings of people with disability. Soc Sci Med 2021; 291:114466. [PMID: 34656918 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
'Sibling support' is a form of support for the brothers and sisters of people with disability within medical, health and social care practice, promoting outcomes for them such as improved self-expression, mental health, wellbeing, skills and networks. There has been significant research interest in sibling support, however most has only evaluated individual interventions. There has been little-to-no research that has examined what sibling support is as a sector or overall field of practice. This paucity of research on sibling support as a field of practice is a problematic gap as it prevents recognition of sibling support as a distinct service type/sector, and may ultimately prevent sibling support from getting due support, acknowledgement, funding and promotion. Drawing on a study of national-level sibling support providers in the USA, UK, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, this article therefore seeks to describe sibling support as a sector and field of practice: the principles underpinning it, purposes/functions it addresses and delivery methods used. The article also discusses variation and emerging practice between sibling support providers, as well as the importance and implications of the findings for building greater recognition of sibling support within medicine, health and social care, particularly within the context of policy changes and increasing conditions of austerity, requiring more targeted decisions about what service types service systems support and promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Meltzer
- Centre for Social Impact, UNSW Sydney, 704, Level 7, Science Engineering Building (E8), UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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22
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Zucker A, Chang Y, Maharaj R, Wang W, Fiani T, McHugh S, Feinup DM, Jones EA. Quality of the sibling relationship when one sibling has autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a sibling support group. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:1137-1152. [PMID: 34498497 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The sibling relationship can be negatively impacted when one child has autism spectrum disorder. One way to improve the quality of that relationship is through typically developing sibling participation in a support group in which they learn about autism spectrum disorder and coping skills, develop a peer network, and discuss their feelings. Compared to participating in a similar group without a focus on autism spectrum disorder, siblings in the support group showed improvements in the quality of the sibling relationship. Findings suggest that sibling support groups can be a valuable resource to improve sibling relationship quality when one sibling has autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Zucker
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.,Queens College, City University of New York, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA
| | - Theresa Fiani
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.,Queens College, City University of New York, USA.,FTF Behavioral Consulting, USA
| | - Susan McHugh
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.,Queens College, City University of New York, USA
| | | | - Emily A Jones
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.,Queens College, City University of New York, USA
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23
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Glugatch LB, Machalicek W. Examination of the Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Play-Based Sibling Intervention for Children with Autism: A Single-Case Research Design. EDUCATION & TREATMENT OF CHILDREN 2021; 44:249-267. [PMID: 34421194 PMCID: PMC8366741 DOI: 10.1007/s43494-021-00043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and reciprocal interactions are a defining feature of sibling relationships for young children. However, the social and communication difficulties of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can make reciprocal play more difficult and play between siblings can be less rewarding. Sibling play can serve an important role in intervention and family cohesiveness, but there is no consistent method for involving siblings in intervention benefitting the sibling dyad. This study evaluated a novel treatment package including training siblings on play strategies to increase positive sibling play in combination with a sibling support group to offer social support for the neurotypical sibling (NT). The effects of the treatment package on NT sibling play and fidelity of implementation of naturalistic play strategies was examined using a concurrent multiple-baseline design across six dyads, five of whom completed the intervention. After behavior skills training, all NT siblings increased the number of strategies they used, and increased the frequency of initiations towards their sibling with ASD. In addition, the percentage of reciprocal play between siblings increased. Generalization probes and follow-up probes demonstrated above-baseline levels of performance across most dyads, indicating that the skills learned generalized across other toys and were maintained over time. Only three of the sibling support group sessions were completed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the effectiveness of the sibling support group cannot be determined, social validity questionnaires suggest siblings and parents valued and liked the support group. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43494-021-00043-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Glugatch
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Wendy Machalicek
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
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24
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Nguyen L, Bootsma J, Di Rezze B, Jack S, Ketelaar M, Gorter JW. Programmes to prepare siblings for future roles to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability: protocol of a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053184. [PMID: 34234002 PMCID: PMC8264900 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Siblings share a lifelong bond in their relationship, and they may choose to provide support to their brother or sister with a neurodisability. Previous reviews summarised programmes that only focused on the behavioural, emotional and psychological outcomes of the siblings. There is a need to synthesise existing evidence and enhance our understanding about programmes for siblings to acquire knowledge, develop skills and become empowered that can help them to provide support to their brother or sister with a neurodisability. The objective of this review is to identify and map the characteristics and outcomes of programmes designed to prepare siblings in their future roles to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. An integrated knowledge translation approach will be used by partnering with the Sibling Youth Advisory Council comprised of siblings of individuals with a disability throughout all review phases. Databases to be searched include PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Sociological Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid) and SPORTDiscus, from date of inception to November 2020. Studies of programmes designed for siblings of individuals with neurodisabilities, with no exclusion on the age of siblings or context, and published in English will be included. Extracted data will include details of programme structure and content, eligibility criteria and participants, context, study methods and outcomes. A summary of the results will be presented in a tabular form to provide an overview of the programmes with an accompanying narrative summary to address the research questions of this review. DISSEMINATION Findings from this review will be shared using dissemination strategies in partnership with the Sibling Youth Advisory Council. We will share the findings with key stakeholders such as healthcare providers, researchers, and patient and family advocacy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jael Bootsma
- School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Briano Di Rezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Jack
- School of Nursing, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, and Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Department of Pediatrics and School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Orm S, Vatne T, Haukeland YB, Silverman WK, Fjermestad K. The validity of a measure of adjustment in siblings of children with developmental and physical disabilities: a brief report. Dev Neurorehabil 2021; 24:355-358. [PMID: 33393399 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2020.1869338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Few questionnaires are tailored for siblings of children with disabilities. The Negative Adjustment Scale (NAS) was developed to measure siblings' adjustment, but has not yet been validated.Objective: To investigate the factor structure and convergent validity of the NAS.Method: We examined the validity of the NAS in terms of factor structure and convergent validity against a general mental health measure. The sample comprised 107 siblings (M age = 11.5 years, SD = 2.1, 53.8% boys) of children with disabilities.Results: We confirmed a one-factor structure for the NAS. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlations (r=.29-.44) with sibling externalizing and internalizing mental health difficulties.Conclusion: The NAS holds promise as a measure tailored for the assessment of sibling's adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Orm
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Nordre Follo, Norway
| | - Torun Vatne
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Nordre Follo, Norway
| | | | | | - Krister Fjermestad
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders, Nordre Follo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Lynam A, Smith MM. Sibling involvement in interventions for children with a disability: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:4579-4589. [PMID: 33878995 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1913247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review of the involvement of siblings of individuals with a disability in therapeutic interventions to explore (a) sibling roles, (b) reported outcomes related to participant skills, interactions, or relationships, and (c) participant experiences. METHODS A search of popular databases and grey literature was completed identifying studies published in English from 1999-2020. In total, 14,815 citations were extracted. Following a review of titles and abstracts, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for study quality. RESULTS The most common role assigned to siblings was that of a trained playmate (n = 11), followed by an untrained playmate (n = 5). Overall, the interventions reported positive outcomes, although sample sizes were small and variability in outcomes was high. None of the studies included adult participants and most (n = 28, 90.32%) included participants who had a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Over half of the studies reported participant experiences of the intervention, with most reporting positive experiences. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the reported positive outcomes of the interventions in this review, further research is needed to better understand the specific impact of involving siblings in interventions, as is research with adult participants and participants with diagnoses other than ASD.Implications for RehabilitationSiblings can fulfil a range of roles, (e.g., trained playmate, instructor, model), when participating in interventions for an individual with a disability. frequently with positive outcomes.While overall involving siblings in interventions seems to lead to positive outcomes, the specific effect of involving a sibling (rather than a peer or parent) in an intervention is not clear.Most of the available research has focused on children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and so the findings may not apply across all disability groups.It is important to acknowledge sibling opinions about taking part in such interventions to ensure all participants' needs are being met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen Lynam
- Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martine M Smith
- Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Hamama L, Gaber S. Seeing the siblings: Gender differences in emerging-adult siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 108:103829. [PMID: 33310400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focused on typically developing siblings (TDS) in emerging adulthood of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and sought insight into how gender may interact with positive and negative affects in this population. In addition, we aimed to explore the gender differences as a moderator in the link between personal resources (i.e., family cohesion and flexibility coping strategy) and positive and negative affects among such TDS. An understanding of gender differences in this population should prove relevant to the development of potential interventions. METHOD A total of 116 emerging adult (age 18-29) TDS of younger siblings with ASD (the latter were under the age of 18 at the time of data collection), 80 females and 36 males, participated in the study. All participants completed self-report measures. RESULTS Female TDS reported higher negative affect than male TDS, while no differences emerged regarding positive affect. Female siblings reported higher family cohesion and higher flexibility in the forward-focused subscale of flexibility coping strategy, but not in its trauma-focused subscale, compared to male siblings. Additionally, gender moderates the links between family cohesion and positive affect but not negative affect. Gender also moderates the association between flexibility and negative affect, but not positive affect. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the gender differences among TDS in emerging adulthood of individuals with ASD in relation to negative affect, family cohesion, and flexibility coping strategy. Understanding the gender-specific internal and external experiences of TDS as interplaying with their resources, at the unique developmental stage of emerging adulthood, may afford to identify TDS in need and to suggest potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hamama
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - S Gaber
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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28
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Fjermestad KW, Silverman WK, Vatne TM. Group intervention for siblings and parents of children with chronic disorders (SIBS-RCT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:851. [PMID: 33054825 PMCID: PMC7556945 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Siblings and parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at risk of mental health problems and poorer family communication. Some group interventions for siblings exist, but few have clearly described parent components and none are considered evidence-based. Methods We are conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing a five-session manual-based group intervention for siblings (aged 8 to 16 years) and parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders to a 12-week waitlist, called SIBS-RCT. The intervention comprises three separate sibling and parent group sessions and two joint sessions in which each sibling talks to their parent alone. The intervention aims at improving parent-child communication and covers themes such as siblings’ understanding of the neurodevelopmental disorder, siblings’ emotions, and perceived family challenges. Participants are recruited through municipal and specialist health centers across Norway. The primary outcome is sibling mental health. Quality of life and family communication are secondary outcomes. Participants are block-randomized to the intervention or 12-week waitlist in groups of six. Measures are collected electronically at pre- and post-intervention/waitlist, as well as 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. The main effect to be examined is the difference between the intervention and waitlist at 12 weeks post. All outcomes will also be examined using growth curve analyses. We plan to include 288 siblings and their parents by the end of 2022. Discussion SIBS-RCT represents a major contribution to the research and practice field towards establishing an evidence-based intervention for siblings. In the event that intervention and waitlist are no different, the impact of SIBS-RCT is still substantial in that we will aim to identify participant subgroups that show positive response and effective components of the SIBS manual by examining group leader adherence as an outcome predictor. This will allow us to continue to re-engineer the SIBS manual iteratively to improve outcomes, and avoid the promotion of a less-than-optimal intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04056884. Registered in August 2019
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Psychiatry, Child Study Center, New Haven, USA.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Torun M Vatne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, New Haven, Norway.,Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway
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Damodaran S, Huttlin EA, Lauer E, Rubin E. Mental Health Trainee Facilitation of Sibling Support Groups: Understanding its Influence on Views and Skills of Family-Centered Care. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:305-310. [PMID: 31848931 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-019-01150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior research suggests family-centered interventions are among the least taught yet most needed skills for practicing psychiatry. In this study, we evaluated whether having mental health trainees lead a sibling support group could serve as a method to promote family-centered care among trainees. METHODS All trainees in psychiatry, psychology, and social work were invited to participate as sibling support group facilitators. Both facilitator and non-facilitator trainees were then surveyed using a questionnaire inquiring about exposure to family-centered care, comfort level in providing family-centered care, attitudes regarding the importance of family-centered care, and desire to provide family-centered care in the future. A second survey was administered to the facilitator trainees to assess their perceptions of the sibling group leader experience. RESULTS Facilitator trainees reported increased engagement in family-centered activities during training (p < 0.05), expressed greater confidence in their family-centered care skills (p < 0.05), and reported stronger intentions to practice in a family-centered way (p < 0.05). Facilitator trainees were overwhelmingly positive about their experience with the sibling support program and reported it strengthened their commitment to addressing the needs of siblings as a part of family-centered care. CONCLUSIONS Facilitating a sibling support group may be an effective way for mental health trainees to gain skills and confidence in delivering family-centered care. Mental health training programs aiming to imbue trainees with the importance of family-centered care may consider creating opportunities for trainees to facilitate sibling support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Damodaran
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eileen A Huttlin
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily Lauer
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Emily Rubin
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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30
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Jones EA, Fiani T, Stewart JL, Neil N, McHugh S, Fienup DM. Randomized controlled trial of a sibling support group: Mental health outcomes for siblings of children with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1468-1481. [PMID: 32169003 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320908979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Typically developing siblings of a child with autism spectrum disorder may show mental health difficulties. A support group is one approach to help typically developing siblings. During support groups, typically developing siblings discuss their feelings, learn coping strategies and problem-solving skills, and develop a peer network. We compared a support group to participation in a similar group without a focus on the sibling with autism spectrum disorder. Some areas of mental health improved. Improvements were also impacted by autism spectrum disorder symptom severity in the sibling with autism spectrum disorder. Findings suggest continuing to examine how support groups can help typically developing siblings and for which siblings support groups might be particularly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, USA.,The University of Tulsa, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Fienup
- The City University of New York, USA.,Columbia University, USA
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31
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Pavlopoulou G, Dimitriou D. In their own words, in their own photos: Adolescent females' siblinghood experiences, needs and perspectives growing up with a preverbal autistic brother or sister. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 97:103556. [PMID: 31877473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thus far very little research has focused on siblings in early adolescent years growing up with an autistic sibling. Adopting a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, 11 typically developing sisters actively collaborated in the study to collect and analyse data as well as disseminate their experiences, needs and perspectives in their local communities. This is the first study to use a modified Photovoice methodology which provided typically developing sisters an active participatory role. The results highlighted the feelings, needs and thoughts the sisters expressed in their role as siblings, friends, but also as students and citizens with a passion for advocacy, and limited support in the community due to unhelpful attitudes of members of their community towards autism. The findings indicated that the current method used can successfully co-generate research findings with family members by ensuring pathways for engaging local community. This is crucial in shifting the balance between vulnerability and resilience in families raising an autistic child. Furthermore, when knowledge about the lived experience is drawn directly from the perspective of the actual people (siblings) involved in the phenomenon (siblinghood and autism), a more appropriate, responsive and need-fulfilling strategy of supportive and proactive support systems can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pavlopoulou
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, United Kingdom
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32
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Sheikh R, Patino V, Cengher M, Fiani T, Jones EA. Augmenting Sibling Support with Parent-Sibling Training in Families of Children with Autism. Dev Neurorehabil 2019; 22:542-552. [PMID: 31216913 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1629662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Typically developing (TD) siblings are an important part of the family system, but may show strained relationships in families of children with ASD. Objective: We augmented a sibling support group with parent-sibling training in which parents learned (through instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback) how to prompt and reinforce prosocial behaviors in their TD children. Method: We examined the effects of parent-sibling training on parent and TD sibling behaviors in a multiple baseline across families design. Results: Parent prompting and reinforcement of TD sibling prosocial behaviors increase. TD sibling prosocial behaviors such as sharing with and talking to their sibling with ASD also increased. Broader measures of the sibling relationship showed some improvements. Conclusion: Findings suggest ways to support families of children with ASD with future investigations of parent-sibling training examining longer intervention, all family members' adjustment and relationships, and sibling characteristics that influence response to parent-sibling training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridda Sheikh
- Department of Psychology, Queens College , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Vanessa Patino
- Department of Psychology, Queens College , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Mirela Cengher
- John Hopkins School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute , Columbia , MD , USA
| | - Theresa Fiani
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , Queens , NY , USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , Queens , NY , USA
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33
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Marquis S, Hayes MV, McGrail K. Factors that May Affect the Health of Siblings of Children Who Have an Intellectual/Developmental Disability. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marquis
- Social Dimensions of HealthUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | - Michael V. Hayes
- School of Public Health and Social Policy University of VictoriaUniversity of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | - Kimberlyn McGrail
- Centre for Health Services and Policy ResearchUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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34
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A Model of Family and Child Functioning in Siblings of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1210-1227. [PMID: 29067588 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential clinical needs of typically developing (TD) siblings of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain disputed. A total of 239 mothers of youth aged 6-17, including one youth with ASD (M = 11.14 years; simplex families) and at least one other youth (M = 11.74 years) completed online standardized measures of various familial factors and TD youth outcomes. Overall, only 6-23% of siblings were identified within the clinical range of emotional, behavioral, or social functioning. Both maternal depression and sibling relationship were identified as key pathways in predicting siblings' functioning within a good-fitting path analysis model. The current model is presented as a novel base for the development of future research and services for this unique population of children.
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35
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Hill K, Brenner M. Well siblings' experiences of living with a child following a traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:81. [PMID: 30940180 PMCID: PMC6446255 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence identified through a systematic search on well siblings' experiences of living with a child following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain injuries in children have been referred to as the "silent epidemic" of current times. Brain injuries in children are also recognized as a global public health concern, with the impact on children, effects on family life, and caregiving markedly misunderstood and underestimated. It is widely recognized that a serious brain injury impacts on the whole family, both immediate and extended regardless of the age of the individual who experiences the brain injury. While some research refers to parental experiences of children with TBIs and caregivers experiences, there is a dearth of literature relating to the impact on well siblings and their perspectives. Well siblings' experiences regarding the impact of living with a child post-TBI are not well understood. In order to advance the delivery of family nursing care in the home, an understanding of the well siblings' experiences is fundamental. METHODS The search will be conducted using seven medical and healthcare databases for articles published up until February 2019. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles for inclusion and assess for study quality using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Two reviewers will extract data from each study and carry out data analysis to uncover themes within the literature. Data synthesis of findings will be carried out using JBI-QARI. DISCUSSION It is anticipated that the findings of the proposed review will be of interest to health and social care professionals, particularly those working in units where children have suffered TBIs, their well siblings, and families. The aim is to identify well siblings' experiences which can inform enhanced care delivery to the families of children following a TBI. The findings of this review will provide evidence to aid professionals with the assessment of siblings' needs to enhance their sense of self within the family unit. Future directions, in addition to potential limitations of the approach, will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018111036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Brenner
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Siblings of Individuals with ASD. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28833-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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McKenzie Smith M, Pinto Pereira S, Chan L, Rose C, Shafran R. Impact of Well-being Interventions for Siblings of Children and Young People with a Chronic Physical or Mental Health Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 21:246-265. [PMID: 29450764 PMCID: PMC5899110 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-018-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Siblings of children and young people with a chronic illness are at increased risk of poor psychological functioning. A number of studies have attempted to implement and evaluate interventions targeting the psychological well-being of this at-risk group. This systematic review summarises the evidence regarding psychological functioning of siblings following an intervention targeting their well-being. The meta-analysis considered behaviour and knowledge, two of the most frequently studied outcomes. The following databases were used: PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Seventeen studies were eligible to be included in the systematic review and eight in the meta-analysis. Results from the systematic review reflected the inconsistency of intervention evaluations in this area with a high level of heterogeneity and a total of 23 outcomes considered across the 17 included studies. The meta-analysis estimated effect sizes using a standardised mean difference (SMD) approach. Pre-post analysis suggested significant improvement in behavioural outcomes and knowledge of their sibling's health conditions with a SMD of - 0.44 [95% CI (- 0.6, - 0.29); p = 0.000] and 0.69 [(95% CI = 0.42, 0.96); p = 0.000], respectively. The SMD was not significant for behavioural outcomes when considering treatment-control studies. In conclusion, the findings suggest interventions for well-being have a positive effect on the psychological functioning of siblings of children and young people with a chronic illness, but their specificity needs to be established. There is a need for further, more methodologically robust research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi McKenzie Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Snehal Pinto Pereira
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lynette Chan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Charlotte Rose
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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38
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Tomeny TS, Rankin JA, Baker LK, Eldred SW, Barry TD. Discrepancy in perceived social support among typically developing siblings of youth with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:594-606. [PMID: 29552896 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318763973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social support can buffer against stressors often associated with having family members with autism spectrum disorder. This study included 112 parents and typically developing siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Relations between self-reported typically developing sibling emotional and behavioral problems and discrepancy between social support frequency and importance were examined via polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Typically developing siblings who described social support as frequent and important reported relatively few problems. Typically developing siblings who reported social support as highly important but infrequent exhibited the highest emotional and behavioral difficulties. Thus, typically developing siblings with little support who view support as highly important may be particularly responsive to social support improvement efforts.
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39
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Toly VB, Blanchette JE, Sikorski S, Musil CM, Al-Hamed A. Maternal Perspectives of Well Siblings' Adjustment to Family Life With a Technology-Dependent Child. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2017; 23:392-417. [PMID: 28797217 DOI: 10.1177/1074840717721705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology-dependent (TD) children require complex care and are dependent on medical technology. Approximately 75% of families, in the United States, who are caring for a TD child, also care for a well child. Well siblings are likely to be affected by the experience of living with a TD sibling as the process of family normalization is described as a family affair. The experiences of well siblings are not well described. The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to describe the experiences of well siblings who are living in a family with a TD child. Mothers were interviewed about the experiences of their well children and were digitally audio recorded. The interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was conducted. Content analysis from the interviews revealed the major themes of well sibling adjustment within the family unit, upside (altruistic, prosocial behaviors) and downside (negative internal and external processing behaviors). These results can be applied to advance the delivery of family nursing care offered to these families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon Sikorski
- 1 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 2 Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Carol M Musil
- 1 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Hamed
- 1 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 3 King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Kovshoff H, Cebula K, Tsai HWJ, Hastings RP. Siblings of Children with Autism: the Siblings Embedded Systems Framework. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2017; 4:37-45. [PMID: 28680793 PMCID: PMC5488140 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-017-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review A range of interacting factors/mechanisms at the individual, family, and wider systems levels influences siblings living in families where one sibling has autism. We introduce the Sibling Embedded Systems Framework which aims to contextualise siblings’ experience and characterise the multiple and interacting factors influencing family and, in particular, sibling outcomes. Recent Findings Findings from studies that have reported outcomes for siblings of children with autism are equivocal, ranging from negative impact, no difference, to positive experience. This is likely due to the complex nature of understanding the sibling experience. We focus on particular elements of the framework and review recent novel literature to help guide future directions for research and practice including the influence of culture, methodological considerations, and wider participatory methods. Summary The Siblings Embedded System Framework can be used to understand interactive factors that affect sibling adjustment and to develop clinically, educationally and empirically based work that aims to enhance and support sibling adjustment, relationships, and well-being in families of children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kovshoff
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Developmental Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, S017 1BJ UK
| | - Katie Cebula
- Institute for Education, Community & Society, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK
| | - Hsiao-Wei Joy Tsai
- Institute for Education, Community & Society, Moray House School of Education, The University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ UK
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational, Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), Phd, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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41
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Van der Merwe C, Bornman J, Donohue D, Harty M. The attitudes of typically developing adolescents towards their sibling with autism spectrum disorder. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2017; 64:e1-e7. [PMID: 28470082 PMCID: PMC5843146 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v64i1.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how the cognitive, emotional and behavioural components of sibling attitudes interact with one another at various stages of a sibling’s lifespan will allow clinicians to provide better support to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. However, no research exists which focusses on describing the attitudes of adolescent siblings of children with ASD within the South African context towards their sibling with an ASD. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how typically developing adolescents recall their past attitudes and describe their present attitudes towards their sibling with an ASD. Methods Thirty typically developing adolescents who have siblings with ASD were selected to complete the survey instrument, the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale, using a cross-sectional design. Results Results indicate that the measure has internal consistency within this sample. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used to test for significant differences between the mean values for the two self-reported time periods. Friedman analysis of variances (ANOVAs) was used to test for significant differences in the three components of attitudes, namely affect, behaviour and cognition. Results indicate that participants held more positive attitudes towards their siblings with ASD as adolescents compared with when they were younger and that adolescents rated their current emotions towards and beliefs about their sibling with ASD to be more positive than their current interaction experiences. Conclusion As siblings’ attitudes appear to change over time, clinicians should use a lifespan approach to sibling attitudes when designing and implementing supports for siblings of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michal Harty
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Health and Rehab Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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42
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McHale SM, Updegraff KA, Feinberg ME. Siblings of Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Theoretical Perspectives on Sibling Relationships and Individual Adjustment. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:589-602. [PMID: 26476737 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A burgeoning research literature investigates the sibling relationships of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their implications for individual adjustment. Focusing on four relationship domains—behaviors,emotions, cognitions and involvement—and toward advancing this generally a theoretical literature, were view and apply tenets from a range of theoretical perspectives in an effort to illuminate the mechanisms underlying sibling relationship experiences and their adjustment implications. Our review suggests new directions for research to test theoretically-grounded hypotheses about how sibling relationships develop and are linked to individual adjustment. In addition, we consider how identifying underlying bio-psycho-social processes can aid in the development of interventions to promote warm and involved sibling relationships and positive youth development.
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43
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Chandrasekhar T, Sikich L. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26246795 PMCID: PMC4518704 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.2/tchandrasekhar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of comorbid neuropsychiatric illness is often a secondary focus of treatment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given that substantial impairment may be caused by core symptoms of ASD itself. However, psychiatric comorbidities, including depressive disorders, are common and frequently result in additional functional impairment, treatment costs, and burden on caregivers. Clinicians may struggle to appropriately diagnose depression in ASD due to communication deficits, atypical presentation of depression in ASD, and lack of standardized diagnostic tools. Specific risk and resilience factors for depression in ASD across the lifespan, including level of functioning, age, family history, and coping style, have been suggested, but require further study. Treatment with medications or psychotherapy may be beneficial, though more research is required to establish guidelines for management of symptoms. This review will describe typical presentations of depression in individuals with ASD, review current information on the prevalence, assessment, and treatment of comorbid depression in individuals with ASD, and identify important research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Chandrasekhar
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medi-cine; University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linmarie Sikich
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Director, ASPIRE Research Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medi-cine; University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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