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Gilmore L, Cuskelly M. The Parenting Sense of Competence scale: Updating a classic. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13173. [PMID: 37812533 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) is a self-report measure of parenting efficacy and satisfaction that is widely used by researchers and clinicians in many countries. Despite its popularity, there have been some criticisms of the instrument. The aims of the current study were to identify and address shortcomings of the PSOC and to produce a revised measure that reflected the original constructs and that demonstrated robust psychometric properties. METHODS The researchers examined the original PSOC and proposed changes to overcome identified issues. A sample of 3056 Australian mothers provided data for the revised instrument's factor structure and psychometric analyses. RESULTS We identified a number of problems with the original instrument, including factorial inconsistency, and multipart or potentially ambiguous questions. Of particular concern was the fact that all negatively worded items load onto one subscale and all positively worded questions load onto the other subscale. In addressing these issues, we produced a 16-item instrument (the Parenting Sense of Competence-Revised; PSOC-R) with strong internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability and good evidence of construct validity including factorial validity and criterion-related validity. CONCLUSIONS The PSOC-R maintains the intent of the original measure in assessing parenting Efficacy (10 items) and Satisfaction (6 items). It represents improvements in item construction including reductions in complexity, with no multipart items and a lower reading level requirement than previously. Data across four child age groups enhance the instrument's clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gilmore
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monica Cuskelly
- School of Education, College of Arts, Law & Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Education, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Backhaus S, Leijten P, Meinck F, Gardner F. Different Instruments, Same Content? A Systematic Comparison of Child Maltreatment and Harsh Parenting Instruments. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3546-3563. [PMID: 36437787 PMCID: PMC10594851 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment and harsh parenting both include harmful actions by parents toward children that are physical (e.g., spanking, slapping) or emotional (e.g., threatening, yelling). The distinction between these two constructs, in meaning and measurement, is often unclear, leading to inconsistent research and policy. This study systematically identified, reviewed, and compared parent-reported child maltreatment (N = 7) and harsh parenting (N = 18) instruments. The overlap in parenting behaviors was 73%. All physical behaviors that were measured in harsh parenting instruments (e.g., spanking, beating up) were also measured in child maltreatment instruments. Unique physical behaviors measured in maltreatment instruments include twisting body parts and choking. All emotional behaviors in maltreatment instruments were included in harsh parenting instruments, and vice versa. Our findings suggest similar, but not identical, operationalizations of child maltreatment and harsh parenting. Our findings can help guide discussions on definitions, operationalizations, and their consequences for research on violence against children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franziska Meinck
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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3
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Reece S, Dickerson J, Kelly B, McEachan RRC, Pickett KE. The long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on financial insecurity in vulnerable families: Findings from the Born in Bradford Covid-19 longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295064. [PMID: 38019781 PMCID: PMC10686492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that the public health measures employed to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had unintended consequences on socioeconomic security and health inequalities, having the greatest impact on the most vulnerable groups. This longitudinal study aims to explore the medium to long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health measures on financial security for families living in the deprived and ethnically diverse city of Bradford. We collected data at four time points before and during the pandemic from mothers who participated in one of two prospective birth cohort studies in Bradford. The findings demonstrate that the risk of experiencing financial insecurity rose sharply during the pandemic and has not returned to pre-COVID-19 baseline levels. Several individual characteristics were found to be possible predictors of financial insecurity, including homeowner status, free school meal eligibility and not working. Protective factors against financial insecurity include: living in more affluent areas; greater levels of educational attainment; and families with two or more adults in the household. Notably, families of Pakistani Heritage were found to have the greatest risk of experiencing financial insecurity throughout the pandemic. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that there were strong associations between financial insecurity and maternal health and wellbeing outcomes, with mothers experiencing financial insecurity being more likely to report unsatisfactory general health and clinically important symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings of this study highlight that the impact of financial insecurity experienced by mothers and their families throughout the pandemic was severe, wide ranging and affected the most vulnerable. In the wake of the pandemic, the emerging cost of living and energy crisis emphasises the urgent need for policy makers to act to support vulnerable families to prevent further widening of existing health and social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Reece
- Hull York Medical School, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Services, University of York, Heslington Road, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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4
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Baker JK, Fenning RM, Preston AE, Chan N, McGregor HA, Neece CL. Parental Distress and Parenting Behavior in Families of Preschool Children with and Without ASD: Spillover and Buffering. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06163-8. [PMID: 37957427 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report increased distress relative to parents of children with neurotypical development. Parent well-being is generally considered a key determinant of parenting behavior, thus increased distress may spill over into less optimal parenting in families of children with ASD. However, evidence is mixed regarding the degree to which parenting is actually compromised in this population, suggesting the possibility of buffering, wherein the parenting of children with ASD may be robust against spillover from increased parental distress. The current study tested competing spillover and buffering models with regard to relations among child ASD status, parental distress, and parenting behavior. Parents of preschoolers with (n = 73) and without (n = 55) ASD completed self-report measures of parenting stress, depressive symptoms, and emotion dysregulation, as well as of positive and negative parenting behaviors. Families of preschoolers with ASD reported higher distress and negative parenting, and lower positive parenting than did their counterparts. Findings supported the spillover model for negative parenting such that increased parental distress accounted for status-group differences in negative parenting. In contrast, potential buffering was observed for positive parenting in that an inverse association between distress and parenting was observed for parents of children with neurotypical development only. Findings highlight the potential benefit of intervention to reduce parental distress in families of children with ASD, but also suggest some existing ability of these families to buffer certain parenting behaviors from deleterious effects of parent distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Baker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies and Center for Autism, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel M Fenning
- Department of Psychological Science and Claremont Autism Center, Claremont Mckenna College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Amanda E Preston
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Neilson Chan
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hadley A McGregor
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cameron L Neece
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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5
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Mooney KE, Bywater T, Dickerson J, Richardson G, Hou B, Wright J, Blower S. Protocol for the effectiveness evaluation of an antenatal, universally offered, and remotely delivered parenting programme 'Baby Steps' on maternal outcomes: a Born in Bradford's Better Start (BiBBS) study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:190. [PMID: 36709270 PMCID: PMC9884130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity towards a child in the early years can carry a long-term cost to individuals and to society, and result in negative child outcomes such as poor mental health and social emotional issues. Despite the recognition of early intervention and prevention, there is mixed evidence regarding antenatal parenting interventions that aim to enhance perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity to prevent negative child outcomes. 'Baby Steps' is a relationship-based antenatal and postnatal parenting programme. The service evaluated in this study is delivered in a low-income and ethnically diverse community via Better Start Bradford. This study aims to assess whether the universally, and remotely delivered Baby Steps programme is effective in improving postnatal maternal sensitivity (primary outcome) and postnatal maternal mental health (secondary outcome) when compared to services as usual 6-10 weeks post-birth. It will also assess differences in birth outcomes, and differences in the prevalence of poor perinatal mental ill health through routine data. The feasibility of collecting cost and health related resource use data for a future economic evaluation will be explored. METHODS The study is a quasi-experimental evaluation in a single centre. All participants are drawn from Born in Bradford's Better Start (BiBBS) interventional family cohort study. Intervention participants will be matched to a demographically comparable control group using propensity score matching. The required minimum sample is n = 130 (ratio 1:1) to detect a medium effect (± 2.35, d = .50) on the primary outcome-maternal-child sensitivity, using the Mothers Object Relations Scale Short Form (MORS-SF). Secondary outcomes include the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment 7 (GAD-7), identification of poor perinatal mental health through routine data, and birth outcomes (delivery method, gestation period, low birth weight). Service delivery costs and health resource use will be gathered from routine data. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effectiveness of Baby Steps for enhancing maternal-child sensitivity and maternal mental health when delivered universally and remotely. The findings regarding programme effectiveness, process, and costs will be relevant for researchers, service commissioners, and service staff. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was prospectively registered with ISRCTN (22/04/2022, ISRCTN12196131).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Mooney
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK.
| | - Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Bo Hou
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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6
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Dunn A, Bird PK, Endacott C, Bywater T, Howes J, Dickerson J. The feasibility of an objective measure of the parent-child relationship in health visiting practice: assessment of the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:88. [PMID: 36447759 PMCID: PMC9664022 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17552.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive parent infant relationships are key to achieving long term child outcomes. Identifying parents who may need support is difficult because of a lack of robust assessment tools. Working in partnership with health services we piloted the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) in a deprived, multi-ethnic urban community in Bradford, UK. The pilot aimed to assess the clinical utility of MPAS to identify need for support: Was it administered to a representative group of women? Is MPAS valid for this population? Methods: Data were linked to a cohort study in the pilot area (Born in Bradford's Better Start - BiBBS). Chi Square tests assessed sample representativeness (age, ethnicity, parity, English language, education, deprivation). Exploratory factor analysis explored MPAS' validity. Results: 563 women in BiBBS were eligible, 210 (37%) completed MPAS. No differences were found between completers and non-completers, suggestive of a representative sample. In total, 336 women (including a number of women living in the service area who had not participated in BiBBS) completed MPAS in the pilot. MPAS had ceiling effects and a satisfactory factor structure could not be identified, indicating poor psychometric properties. Conclusions: Health visitors were successful in administering MPAS to a representative sample, but the lack of psychometric robustness indicates that MPAS is unsuitable for routine use in this setting. A gap for such a measure remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dunn
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Family Fund, York, UK
| | - Philippa K Bird
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Charlotte Endacott
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Joanna Howes
- Better Start Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Bradford Metropolitan District Council, Bradford, UK
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Bywater T, Berry V, Blower S, Bursnall M, Cox E, Mason-Jones A, McGilloway S, McKendrick K, Mitchell S, Pickett K, Richardson G, Solaiman K, Teare MD, Walker S, Whittaker K. A proportionate, universal parenting programme to enhance social-emotional well-being in infants and toddlers in England: the E-SEE Steps RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/bcfv2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mental disorders have become a public health crisis. Early prevention is key. Parenting programmes are effective for children aged ≥ 3 years; however, there is a lack of evidence of their effectiveness for children aged ≤ 2 years.
Objectives
To establish if the model named Enhancing Social–Emotional Health and Well-being in the Early Years (E-SEE) Steps can (1) enhance child social emotional well-being and establish whether or not it is cost-effective at 20 months of age when compared with services as usual; and (2) be delivered as a proportionate universal model with fidelity.
Design
A pragmatic two-arm randomised controlled trial and economic appraisal, with an embedded process evaluation to examine the outcomes, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the intervention, and intervention uptake, compared with services as usual. The study had an external pilot phase (which was originally planned as an internal pilot).
Setting
The intervention was delivered in community settings by early years children’s services and/or public health staff in four sites.
Participants
A total of 341 parents of infants aged ≤ 8 weeks were randomised in a ratio of 5 : 1 (intervention, n = 285; control, n = 56). The target sample was 606 parents.
Intervention
Two Incredible Years® parenting programmes (i.e. infant and toddler) delivered in a proportionate universal model with three levels [one universal (book) and two targeted group-based parenting programmes].
Main outcome measures
Child social and emotional well-being (primary outcome) was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social and Emotional, 2nd edition, at 2, 9 and 18 months after randomisation. Parent depression (secondary key outcome) was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Both questionnaires were eligibility screeners for targeted groups.
Results
The primary outcome analysis provided no evidence that the E-SEE Steps model was effective in enhancing child social and emotional well-being. The adjusted mean difference was 3.02 on the original Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social and Emotional, 2nd edition, in favour of the control [95% confidence interval –0.03 to 6.08; p = 0.052; N = 321 (intervention, n = 268; control, n = 53)]. Analysis of the key secondary outcome (i.e. parent depression levels as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items) provided weak evidence on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items in favour of the intervention (adjusted mean difference –0.61, 95% confidence interval –1.34 to 0.12; p = 0.1). Other secondary outcomes did not differ between arms. The economic analysis showed that the E-SEE Steps model was associated with higher costs and was marginally more effective (0.031 quality-adjusted life-years gained from E-SEE Steps compared with SAU, 95% confidence interval –0.008 to 0.071) than services as usual, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of approximately £20,062 per quality-adjusted life-year compared with services as usual. Overall take-up of the targeted parenting programmes was low. Sites, although enthusiastic, identified barriers to delivering the intervention.
Limitations
The target sample size was not met and the study was not powered to explore the effectiveness of each level of intervention. Most parents in the sample were well educated and, therefore, the results are unlikely to be generalisable, particularly to those at greatest risk of poor social and emotional well-being.
Conclusions
The E-SEE Steps proportionate universal model did not enhance child social and emotional well-being, but generated non-significant improvements in parent health outcomes, resulting in considerable uncertainty around the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The primary and key secondary outcome gave inconsistent signals. Although, with system changes, increased resources and adaptations to the intervention, the model could be implemented, evidence for positive outcomes from the E-SEE Steps model is poor.
Future work
The universal-level E-SEE Step data (i.e. the Incredible Years book) from the external pilot will be pooled with the main trial data for further exploration up to follow-up 1, which is the time point at which most change was seen.
Trial registration
This trial is registered as ISRCTN11079129.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 8. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Vashti Berry
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Edward Cox
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sinéad McGilloway
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Siobhan Mitchell
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - M Dawn Teare
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Karen Whittaker
- School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Bywater T, Berry V, Blower S, Bursnall M, Cox E, Mason-Jones A, McGilloway S, McKendrick K, Mitchell S, Pickett K, Richardson G, Solaiman K, Teare MD, Walker S, Whittaker K. A randomized controlled trial of a proportionate universal parenting program delivery model (E-SEE Steps) to enhance child social-emotional wellbeing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265200. [PMID: 35377882 PMCID: PMC8979462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for parenting programs to improve wellbeing in children under three is inconclusive. We investigated the fidelity, impact, and cost-effectiveness of two parenting programs delivered within a longitudinal proportionate delivery model ('E-SEE Steps'). METHODS Eligible parents with a child ≤ 8 weeks were recruited into a parallel two-arm, assessor blinded, randomized controlled, community-based, trial with embedded economic and process evaluations. Post-baseline randomization applied a 5:1 (intervention-to-control) ratio, stratified by primary (child social-emotional wellbeing (ASQ:SE-2)) and key secondary (maternal depression (PHQ-9)) outcome scores, sex, and site. All intervention parents received the Incredible Years® Baby Book (IY-B), and were offered the targeted Infant (IY-I)/Toddler (IY-T) program if eligible, based on ASQ:SE-2/PHQ-9 scores. Control families received usual services. Fidelity data were analysed descriptively. Primary analysis applied intention to treat. Effectiveness analysis fitted a marginal model to outcome scores. Cost-effectiveness analysis involved Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs). RESULTS The target sample (N = 606) was not achieved; 341 mothers were randomized (285:56), 322 (94%) were retained to study end. Of those eligible for the IY-I (n = 101), and IY-T (n = 101) programs, 51 and 21 respectively, attended. Eight (of 14) groups met the 80% self-reported fidelity criteria. No significant differences between arms were found for adjusted mean difference scores; ASQ:SE-2 (3.02, 95% CI: -0.03, 6.08, p = 0.052), PHQ-9 (-0.61; 95% CI: -1.34, 0.12, p = 0.1). E-SEE Steps had higher costs, but improved mothers' Health-related Quality of Life (0.031 Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gain), ICER of £20,062 per QALY compared to control. Serious adverse events (n = 86) were unrelated to the intervention. CONCLUSIONS E-SEE Steps was not effective, but was borderline cost-effective. The model was delivered with varying fidelity, with lower-than-expected IY-T uptake. Changes to delivery systems and the individual programs may be needed prior to future evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN11079129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vashti Berry
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Bursnall
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Cox
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Mason-Jones
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead McGilloway
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kirsty McKendrick
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Mitchell
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Richardson
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kiera Solaiman
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dawn Teare
- Institute of Health and Society University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Whittaker
- School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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9
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Dunn A, Bird PK, Endacott C, Bywater T, Howes J, Dickerson J. The feasibility of an objective measure of the parent-child relationship in health visiting practice: assessment of the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:88. [PMID: 36447759 PMCID: PMC9664022 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17552.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive parent infant relationships are key to achieving long term child outcomes. Identifying parents who may need support is difficult because of a lack of robust assessment tools. Working in partnership with health services we piloted the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) in a deprived, multi-ethnic urban community in Bradford, UK. The pilot aimed to assess the clinical utility of MPAS to identify need for support: Was it administered to a representative group of women? Is MPAS valid for this population? Methods: Data were linked to a cohort study in the pilot area (Born in Bradford's Better Start - BiBBS). Chi Square tests assessed sample representativeness (age, ethnicity, parity, English language, education, deprivation). Exploratory factor analysis explored MPAS' validity. Results: 563 women in BiBBS were eligible, 210 (37%) completed MPAS. No differences were found between completers and non-completers, suggestive of a representative sample. In total, 336 women completed MPAS in the pilot. MPAS had ceiling effects and a satisfactory factor structure could not be identified, indicating poor psychometric properties Conclusions: Health visitors were successful in administering MPAS to a representative sample, but poor psychometric robustness indicates that MPAS is unsuitable for routine use in this setting. A gap for such a measure remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dunn
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Family Fund, York, UK
| | - Philippa K Bird
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Charlotte Endacott
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Joanna Howes
- Better Start Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Bradford Metropolitan District Council, Bradford, UK
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10
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Donkin L, Merry S, Moor S, Mowat A, Hetrick S, Hopkins S, Seers K, Frampton C, D'Aeth L. Effectiveness of a digital parenting program to improve parental well-being after the Christchurch earthquakes: a cluster-randomized trial (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 7:e37839. [PMID: 37103986 PMCID: PMC10176136 DOI: 10.2196/37839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 6 years after the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes, approximately one-third of parents in the Christchurch region reported difficulties managing the continuously high levels of distress their children were experiencing. In response, an app named Kākano was co-designed with parents to help them better support their children's mental health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of Kākano, a mobile parenting app to increase parental confidence in supporting children struggling with their mental health. METHODS A cluster-randomized delayed access controlled trial was carried out in the Christchurch region between July 2019 and January 2020. Parents were recruited through schools and block randomized to receive immediate or delayed access to Kākano. Participants were given access to the Kākano app for 4 weeks and encouraged to use it weekly. Web-based pre- and postintervention measurements were undertaken. RESULTS A total of 231 participants enrolled in the Kākano trial, with 205 (88.7%) participants completing baseline measures and being randomized (101 in the intervention group and 104 in the delayed access control group). Of these, 41 (20%) provided full outcome data, of which 19 (18.2%) were for delayed access and 21 (20.8%) were for the immediate Kākano intervention. Among those retained in the trial, there was a significant difference in the mean change between groups favoring Kākano in the brief parenting assessment (F1,39=7, P=.012) but not in the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (F1,39=2.9, P=.099), parenting self-efficacy (F1,39=0.1, P=.805), family cohesion (F1,39=0.4, P=.538), or parenting sense of confidence (F1,40=0.6, P=.457). Waitlisted participants who completed the app after the waitlist period showed similar trends for the outcome measures with significant changes in the brief assessment of parenting and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. No relationship between the level of app usage and outcome was found. Although the app was designed with parents, the low rate of completion of the trial was disappointing. CONCLUSIONS Kākano is an app co-designed with parents to help manage their children's mental health. There was a high rate of attrition, as is often seen in digital health interventions. However, for those who did complete the intervention, there was some indication of improved parental well-being and self-assessed parenting. Preliminary indications from this trial show that Kākano has promising acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness, but further investigation is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001040156; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377824&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesje Donkin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Merry
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Moor
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start: E Tipu e Rea National Science Challenge, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Hopkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kara Seers
- The National Public Health Service (Te Mana Ora), Te Whatu Ora, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lucy D'Aeth
- The National Public Health Service (Te Mana Ora), Te Whatu Ora, Christchurch, New Zealand
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11
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Bywater T, Dunn A, Endacott C, Smith K, Tiffin PA, Price M, Blower S. The Measurement Properties and Acceptability of a New Parent-Infant Bonding Tool ('Me and My Baby') for Use in United Kingdom Universal Healthcare Settings: A Psychometric, Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:804885. [PMID: 35237212 PMCID: PMC8883030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines acknowledge the importance of the parent-infant relationship for child development but highlight the need for further research to establish reliable tools for assessment, particularly for parents of children under 1 year. This study explores the acceptability and psychometric properties of a co-developed tool, 'Me and My Baby' (MaMB). STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional design was applied. The MaMB was administered universally (in two sites) with mothers during routine 6-8-week Health Visitor contacts. The sample comprised 467 mothers (434 MaMB completers and 33 'non-completers'). Dimensionality of instrument responses were evaluated via exploratory and confirmatory ordinal factor analyses. Item response modeling was conducted via a Rasch calibration to evaluate how the tool conformed to principles of 'fundamental measurement'. Tool acceptability was evaluated via completion rates and comparing 'completers' and 'non-completers' demographic differences on age, parity, ethnicity, and English as an additional language. Free-text comments were summarized. Data sharing agreements and data management were compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation, and University of York data management policies. RESULTS High completion rates suggested the MaMB was acceptable. Psychometric analyses showed the response data to be an excellent fit to a unidimensional confirmatory factor analytic model. All items loaded statistically significantly and substantially (>0.4) on a single underlying factor (latent variable). The item response modeling showed that most MaMB items fitted the Rasch model. (Rasch) item reliability was high (0.94) yet the test yielded little information on each respondent, as highlighted by the relatively low 'person separation index' of 0.1. CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS MaMB reliably measures a single construct, likely to be infant bonding. However, further validation work is needed, preferably with 'enriched population samples' to include higher-need/risk families. The MaMB tool may benefit from reduced response categories (from four to three) and some modest item wording amendments. Following further validation and reliability appraisal the MaMB may ultimately be used with fathers/other primary caregivers and be potentially useful in research, universal health settings as part of a referral pathway, and clinical practice, to identify dyads in need of additional support/interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Dunn
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Endacott
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Smith
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Tiffin
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Price
- Little Minds Matter Bradford Infant Mental Health Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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12
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Sood E, Lisanti AJ, Woolf-King SE, Wray J, Kasparian N, Jackson E, Gregory MR, Lopez KN, Marino BS, Neely T, Randall A, Zyblewski SC, Brosig CL. Parent mental health and family functioning following diagnosis of CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:900-914. [PMID: 34082841 PMCID: PMC8759239 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of CHD substantially affects parent mental health and family functioning, thereby influencing child neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Recognition of the need to proactively support parent mental health and family functioning following cardiac diagnosis to promote psychosocial adaptation has increased substantially over recent years. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain and families continue to report critical unmet psychosocial needs. The Parent Mental Health and Family Functioning Working Group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was formed in 2018 through support from an R13 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to identify significant knowledge gaps related to parent mental health and family functioning, as well as critical questions that must be answered to further knowledge, policy, care, and outcomes. Conceptually driven investigations are needed to identify parent mental health and family functioning factors with the strongest influence on child outcomes, to obtain a deeper understanding of the biomarkers associated with these factors, and to better understand how parent mental health and family functioning influence child outcomes over time. Investigations are also needed to develop, test, and implement sustainable models of mental health screening and assessment, as well as effective interventions to optimise parent mental health and family functioning to promote psychosocial adaptation. The critical questions and investigations outlined in this paper provide a roadmap for future research to close gaps in knowledge, improve care, and promote positive outcomes for families of children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sood
- Nemours Cardiac Center & Nemours Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Jo Lisanti
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Care Services, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jo Wray
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children’s Health, Illness and Disability and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadine Kasparian
- Cincinnati Children’s Center for Heart Disease and Mental Health, Heart Institute and the Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Jackson
- Department of Patient and Family Services, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Mary R. Gregory
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Professions, Missouri Western State University, Saint Joseph, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Medicine/Behavior Sciences, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Keila N. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bradley S. Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trent Neely
- Sisters by Heart/Brothers by Heart, El Segundo, California, USA
| | - Amy Randall
- Mended Little Hearts of Wisconsin, Mended Hearts/Mended Little Hearts, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Sinai C. Zyblewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Brosig
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Dickerson J, Kelly B, Lockyer B, Bridges S, Cartwright C, Willan K, Shire K, Crossley K, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Lawlor DA, Wright J, McEachan RRC, Pickett KE. Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:228. [PMID: 33709038 PMCID: PMC7927208 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16317.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus have increased health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper describes the experiences of families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England. Methods: A wave of survey data collection using a combination of email, text and phone with postal follow-up during the first Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30 th June 2020) with parents participating in two longitudinal studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and financial insecurity. Text from open questions was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. The results presented are based on the 2,043 (95%) mothers' responses: 957 (47%) of whom were of Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other ethnicity 971 (46%) lived in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. and 738 (37%) were financially insecure. Many families lived in poor quality (N=574, 28%), overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing. Food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically important depression and anxiety were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) mothers. Ethnic minority and financially insecure families had a worse experience during the lockdown across all domains, with the exception of mental health which appeared worse in White British mothers. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety and fear about Covid-19. Conclusions: There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support vulnerable families during and after the pandemic. Future work will use longitudinal data from before the pandemic, and from future surveys during the pandemic, to describe trajectories and the long-term consequences of the pandemic on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Sally Bridges
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Christopher Cartwright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Willan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kirsty Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Trevor A. Sheldon
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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14
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Dickerson J, Kelly B, Lockyer B, Bridges S, Cartwright C, Willan K, Shire K, Crossley K, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Lawlor DA, Wright J, McEachan RRC, Pickett KE. Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:228. [PMID: 33709038 PMCID: PMC7927208 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16317.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus may be increasing health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper presents findings of the experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown on families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were sent during the Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30 th June 2020) to parents in two prospective birth cohort studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and employment status. Text from open questions were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. Ethnicity of respondents was: 957 (47%) Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other. 971 (46%) live in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. 2,043 (95%) were mothers and 101 were partners. The results summarised below are based on the mothers' responses. Many families live in poor quality (N=574, 28%), and overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing; this was more common in families of Pakistani heritage and other ethnicities. Financial (N=738 (37%), food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) of the mothers and were more common in White British mothers and those with economic insecurity. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety about becoming ill or dying from Covid-19. Conclusions: The experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown in this ethnically diverse and deprived population highlight a large number of families living in poor housing conditions, suffering from economic insecurity and poor mental health. There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Sally Bridges
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Christopher Cartwright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Willan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kirsty Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Trevor A. Sheldon
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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15
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Høifødt RS, Nordahl D, Landsem IP, Csifcsák G, Bohne A, Pfuhl G, Rognmo K, Braarud HC, Goksøyr A, Moe V, Slinning K, Wang CEA. Newborn Behavioral Observation, maternal stress, depressive symptoms and the mother-infant relationship: results from the Northern Babies Longitudinal Study (NorBaby). BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 32539729 PMCID: PMC7294655 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families can experience the postpartum period as overwhelming and many report a special need for support. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) aims to promote a positive parent-infant relationship by sensitising parents to the infant's signals. This article evaluates the NBO as a universal preventive intervention within the regular well-baby clinic service on measures of maternal depressive symptoms, parental stress, the mother-infant relationship and satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up. METHODS This investigation is part of a larger longitudinal study comprising 220 women and 130 of their partners recruited between 2015 and 2017. The study had a non-randomised cluster-controlled design with 6 measurement points. This article is based on a sample of 196 women using data from T1 (gestational weeks 13-39), T4 (5-15 weeks postpartum) and T5 (3-9 months postpartum). Participants were allocated to a group receiving the NBO (n = 82) and a care as usual comparison group (n = 114). We measured maternal depressive symptoms and parental stress using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The mother-infant relationship was assessed with the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ). Participants also answered questions about satisfaction/benefit of the postpartum follow-up. RESULTS A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that participants in the NBO-group learned significantly more than the comparison group from the follow-up about the baby's signals in relation to sleep/sleep patterns, social interaction and crying/fuzziness. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measures ANCOVA found no significant differences between the groups for the mother-infant relationship domain and few differences in depressive symptoms and parental stress. The repeated measures ANCOVA found that participants in the NBO-group scored slightly higher on parental stress, although the difference was small. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the NBO-group learned more than the comparison group about reading their child's signals in important everyday situations. However, the benefits of the NBO were limited for depressive symptoms, parental stress and self-reported mother-infant relationship. The study sample was generally well-functioning, and the results indicate that the benefits of the NBO may be limited within a well-functioning sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials, NCT02538497, Registered 2 September 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Sørensen Høifødt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Dag Nordahl
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.412244.50000 0004 4689 5540Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Pauline Landsem
- grid.412244.50000 0004 4689 5540Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Csifcsák
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Agnes Bohne
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ,grid.412244.50000 0004 4689 5540Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerit Pfuhl
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- grid.10919.300000000122595234Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne C. Braarud
- grid.477239.cDepartment of Social Science, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway ,Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnold Goksøyr
- grid.477239.cDepartment of Social Science, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway ,Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Moe
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Slinning
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health East and South, Oslo, Norway
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16
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van der Veen-Mulders L, Hoekstra PJ, Nauta MH, van den Hoofdakker BJ. Are parental changes related to improvements in preschool children's disruptive behaviours? Clin Psychol Psychother 2019; 27:24-33. [PMID: 31614051 PMCID: PMC7027841 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether changes in parenting after behavioural parent training in routine clinical care are associated with improvements in preschool children's disruptive behaviours. METHOD We evaluated changes after parent training in maternal and paternal self-reports of parental discipline practices parenting sense of competence, and parents' ratings of child disruptive behaviours in parents of 63 children, with a one group pretest-posttest design. We also compared parenting parameters in this clinical sample with a nonclinical sample (n = 121). RESULTS Mothers' self-reports of parental discipline practices and parenting sense of competence significantly improved after behavioural parent training. Less over-reactivity in both mothers and fathers was associated with fewer disruptive behaviours in children. After parent training, mothers' ratings of their discipline techniques did not differ anymore from those in the nonclinical sample. CONCLUSION Positive changes in parental discipline practices, particularly less over-reactive parental behaviours, were related to a decrease of disruptive child behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne van der Veen-Mulders
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H Nauta
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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17
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Gridley N, Blower S, Dunn A, Bywater T, Bryant M. Psychometric Properties of Child (0-5 Years) Outcome Measures as used in Randomized Controlled Trials of Parent Programs: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 22:388-405. [PMID: 30806864 PMCID: PMC6669186 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review is one of the three which sought to identify measures commonly implemented in parenting program research, and to assess the level of psychometric evidence available for their use with this age group. This review focuses specifically on measures of child social-emotional and behavioral outcomes. Two separate searches of the same databases were conducted; firstly to identify eligible instruments, and secondly to identify studies reporting on the psychometric properties of the identified measures. Five commercial platforms hosting 19 electronic databases were searched from their inception to conducted search dates. Twenty-four measures were identified from Search 1: a systematic search of randomized controlled trial evaluations of parenting programs. For Search 2, inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to 21,329 articles that described the development and/or validation of the 24 measures identified in Search 1. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. resulting in 11 parent report questionnaires and three developmental assessment measures for review. Data were extracted and synthesized to describe the methodological quality of each article using the COSMIN checklist alongside the overall quality rating of the psychometric property reported for each measure. Measure reliability was categorized into four domains (internal consistency, test-re-test, inter-rater, and intra-rater). Measure validity was categorized into four domains (content, structural, convergent/divergent, and discriminant). Results indicated that supporting evidence for included measures is weak. Further work is required to improve the evidence base for those measures designed to assess children's social-emotional and behavioral development in this age group. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42016039600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gridley
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Carnegie School of Education, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Blower
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Abby Dunn
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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