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Chiang SC, Bai S. Adolescent Emotional Reactivity in Family and School Contexts: Prospective Links to Adolescent Psychopathology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6. [PMID: 39225957 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Emotional reactivity has been linked to adolescent psychopathology and mental health problems. However, limited research has investigated the distinct associations between emotional reactivity in multiple interpersonal contexts and the development of adolescent psychopathology. The current study examined emotional reactivity to interparental conflict, parent-adolescent conflict, and school problems as predictors of adolescent internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms six months later. The sample included 139 adolescents (54% girls; Mage = 13.30, SDage = 0.73) and their parents who completed 10-day daily reports and 6-month follow-up assessments in Taiwan. Results showed that negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict was associated with increased internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, after controlling for emotional reactivity to parent-adolescent conflict and school problems, outcomes at baseline, mean negative emotions, and sex. Furthermore, the associations between both positive and negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict and adolescent anxiety symptoms was stronger for girls than boys. Findings suggested that heightened emotional reactivity to interparental conflict is a risk factor for predicting adolescent psychopathology, especially for girls' anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of emotional reactivity across multiple interpersonal contexts in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave rm 507, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 133 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
| | - Sunhye Bai
- The Ballmer Institute, University of Oregon, 5262 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Li X, McElwain NL, Tu KM. Early Mother-Child Interaction Flexibility Predicts Adolescent Psychological Adjustment. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02059-7. [PMID: 39078572 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Although greater mother-child interaction flexibility has been linked with overall better adjustment within early childhood and adolescence, whether this link persists across the two developmental periods remains unknown. This longitudinal study examined mother-toddler flexibility in affective and behavioral exchanges as predictors of adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Sample included 128 families with their 33-month-old toddlers (52% female), of whom 67 returned in adolescence (M age = 13.25 years, SD = 0.59). Greater affective flexibility during play and behavioral flexibility during snack predicted fewer parent-reported externalizing (but not internalizing) symptoms ten years later, controlling for the positivity-negativity of mother-toddler interactions, early-childhood adjustment, and mother-adolescent flexibility. The findings highlight the unique, prospective role of early-life caregiving flexibility in mitigating adolescents' behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Nancy L McElwain
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kelly M Tu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Haag AC, Bagrodia R, Bonanno GA. Emotion Regulation Flexibility in Adolescents: A Systematic Review from Conceptualization to Methodology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s10567-024-00483-6. [PMID: 39003663 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the concept of flexible emotion regulation, which de-emphasizes the importance of any specific regulatory strategy in favor of the flexible deployment of strategies in response to specific situational challenges. The bulk of research in this area has been conducted on adult samples. Research on emotion regulation flexibility (ERF) in youth has been documented in only a limited number of studies and using various definitions. This systematic review aims to gather and summarize different conceptualizations and methodological approaches of adolescent ERF. We incorporate these findings into a general framework to understand ERF and its role in adolescents' emotional, behavioral and social functioning. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, 11 studies were included in the review. While ERF has been defined in various and inconsistent ways, the included studies utilized conceptualizations from two overarching domains: the regulation of expressed emotion and the repertoire of emotion regulation strategies. Promising approaches and future directions will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Haag
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 5, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health, DZPG, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rohini Bagrodia
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - George A Bonanno
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 102, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Allen CE, Nelson JA, Villarreal DL. Affective dynamics in mother-adolescent dyads: links to mental health and relationship quality. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:654-660. [PMID: 38349249 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2316835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Current research in developmental psychopathology has emphasised how emotion dynamics, such as affective variability, relate to psychosocial functioning. In this brief article, we examined mean differences in mothers' and adolescents' affective intensity and lability in positive and negative emotions and explored how these emotion dynamics related to depressive symptoms and mother-adolescent relationship quality. We administered individual surveys each day for one week to mother-adolescent dyads (N = 109) that inquired about positive and negative affective states. Affective intensity was measured by the mean across the week and lability by the standard deviation. Participants also reported on their depressive symptoms and adolescents reported on relationship quality. Results showed that positive affect was more intense and more variable than negative affect, and adolescents experienced more intense negative affective and less intense positive affect than mothers. Greater mother and adolescent negative affect intensity and less maternal positive affect intensity related to more depressive symptoms. Affective intensity in mothers and adolescents and affective lability in mothers related to mother-adolescent relationship quality. These findings extend the growing body of knowledge on individuals' affective intensity and variability by considering family dynamics.
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Gregorová K, Eldar E, Deserno L, Reiter AMF. A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:290-303. [PMID: 38503636 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Teenagers have a reputation for being fickle, in both their choices and their moods. This variability may help adolescents as they begin to independently navigate novel environments. Recently, however, adolescent moodiness has also been linked to psychopathology. Here, we consider adolescents' mood swings from a novel computational perspective, grounded in reinforcement learning (RL). This model proposes that mood is determined by surprises about outcomes in the environment, and how much we learn from these surprises. It additionally suggests that mood biases learning and choice in a bidirectional manner. Integrating independent lines of research, we sketch a cognitive-computational account of how adolescents' mood, learning, and choice dynamics influence each other, with implications for normative and psychopathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gregorová
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; German Center of Prevention Research on Mental Health, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Eran Eldar
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andrea M F Reiter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; German Center of Prevention Research on Mental Health, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Collaborative Research Centre 940 Volition and Cognitive Control, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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How Stable, Really? Traditional and Nonlinear Dynamics Approaches to Studying Temporal Fluctuations in Personality and Affect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138008. [PMID: 35805667 PMCID: PMC9265719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A pair of quantitative case studies is presented to demonstrate how different approaches to quantifying temporal variability in ratings of traits and affect can provide rich information for personality researchers. Data are presented and analyzed from two college students who completed an Ecological Momentary Assessment protocol sampling ratings of affect and traits up to 24 times daily for one week. Both classical and nonlinear data analytic techniques were applied to the data to summarize and examine the temporal dynamics of both traits and affect. For the purposes of exposition, one Big Five trait rating, extraversion, and the PANAS positive and negative affects, are discussed. The results support previous research demonstrating a high degree of variability in ratings of both traits and affect over time. Analyses using nonlinear and complexity expand on these findings and suggest temporal patterning as well as disorder; implications of phase portraits for understanding variability are discussed. The findings are discussed in light of a processing dynamics approach to resolving the role of variability in understanding personality.
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