1
|
Xiong GJ, Sheng ZH. Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401145. [PMID: 38568173 PMCID: PMC10988239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kirchner MK, Althammer F, Donaldson KJ, Cox DN, Stern JE. Changes in neuropeptide large dense core vesicle trafficking dynamics contribute to adaptive responses to a systemic homeostatic challenge. iScience 2023; 26:108243. [PMID: 38026155 PMCID: PMC10654599 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are packed into large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) that are transported from the soma out into their processes. Limited information exists regarding mechanisms regulating LDCV trafficking, particularly during challenges to bodily homeostasis. Addressing this gap, we used 2-photon imaging in an ex vivo preparation to study LDCVs trafficking dynamics in vasopressin (VP) neurons, which traffic and release neuropeptide from their dendrites and axons. We report a dynamic bidirectional trafficking of VP-LDCVs with important differences in speed and directionality between axons and dendrites. Acute, short-lasting stimuli known to alter VP firing activity and axonal/dendritic release caused modest changes in VP-LDCVs trafficking dynamics. Conversely, chronic/sustained systemic osmotic challenges upregulated VP-LDCVs trafficking dynamic, with a larger effect in dendrites. These results support differential regulation of dendritic and axonal LDCV trafficking, and that changes in trafficking dynamics constitute a novel mechanism by which peptidergic neurons can efficiently adapt to conditions of increased hormonal demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Kirchner
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ferdinand Althammer
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Donaldson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Neuromics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Center for Neuromics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loh YP, Xiao L, Park JJ. Trafficking of hormones and trophic factors to secretory and extracellular vesicles: a historical perspective and new hypothesis. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:568-587. [PMID: 38435713 PMCID: PMC10906782 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that peptide hormones and neurotrophic factors are intercellular messengers that are packaged into secretory vesicles in endocrine cells and neurons and released by exocytosis upon the stimulation of the cells in a calcium-dependent manner. These secreted molecules bind to membrane receptors, which then activate signal transduction pathways to mediate various endocrine/trophic functions. Recently, there is evidence that these molecules are also in extracellular vesicles, including small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which appear to be taken up by recipient cells. This finding raised the hypothesis that they may have functions differentiated from their classical secretory hormone/neurotrophic factor actions. In this article, the historical perspective and updated mechanisms for the sorting and packaging of hormones and neurotrophic factors into secretory vesicles and their transport in these organelles for release at the plasma membrane are reviewed. In contrast, little is known about the packaging of hormones and neurotrophic factors into extracellular vesicles. One proposal is that these molecules could be sorted at the trans-Golgi network, which then buds to form Golgi-derived vesicles that can fuse to endosomes and subsequently form intraluminal vesicles. They are then taken up by multivesicular bodies to form extracellular vesicles, which are subsequently released. Other possible mechanisms for packaging RSP proteins into sEVs are discussed. We highlight some studies in the literature that suggest the dual vesicular pathways for the release of hormones and neurotrophic factors from the cell may have some physiological significance in intercellular communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lan Xiao
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua J. Park
- Scientific Review Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matozo T, Kogachi L, de Alencar BC. Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:41-63. [PMID: 35842902 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo- and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tais Matozo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kogachi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nassal JP, Murphy FH, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Differential axonal trafficking of Neuropeptide Y-, LAMP1-, and RAB7-tagged organelles in vivo. eLife 2022; 11:81721. [PMID: 36459486 PMCID: PMC9718525 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Different organelles traveling through neurons exhibit distinct properties in vitro, but this has not been investigated in the intact mammalian brain. We established simultaneous dual color two-photon microscopy to visualize the trafficking of Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, LAMP1-, and RAB7-tagged organelles in thalamocortical axons imaged in mouse cortex in vivo. This revealed that LAMP1- and RAB7-tagged organelles move significantly faster than NPY-tagged organelles in both anterograde and retrograde direction. NPY traveled more selectively in anterograde direction than LAMP1 and RAB7. By using a synapse marker and a calcium sensor, we further investigated the transport dynamics of NPY-tagged organelles. We found that these organelles slow down and pause at synapses. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, a significant increase of transport speed was observed after spontaneous activity and elevated calcium levels in vivo as well as electrically stimulated activity in acute brain slices. Together, we show a remarkable diversity in speeds and properties of three axonal organelle marker in vivo that differ from properties previously observed in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris P Nassal
- Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Fiona H Murphy
- Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gramlich MW, Klyachko VA. Nanoscale Organization of Vesicle Release at Central Synapses. Trends Neurosci 2020; 42:425-437. [PMID: 31176424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic boutons support neurotransmitter release with nanoscale precision at sub-millisecond timescales. Studies over the past two decades have revealed a rich tapestry of molecular players governing synaptic vesicle fusion at highly specialized release sites in the active zone (AZ). However, the spatiotemporal organization of release at active synapses remains elusive, in part owing to the extremely small size of the AZ and the limited resolution of conventional approaches. Recent advances in fluorescence nanoscopy have revolutionized direct investigation of presynaptic release organization and dynamics. We discuss here recent nanoscopy-based studies of the molecular architecture, the spatial organization and dynamic regulation of release sites, and the mechanisms of release site replenishment. These findings have uncovered previously unknown levels of structural and functional organization at central synapses, with important implications for synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gramlich
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Present address: Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stucchi R, Plucińska G, Hummel JJA, Zahavi EE, Guerra San Juan I, Klykov O, Scheltema RA, Altelaar AFM, Hoogenraad CC. Regulation of KIF1A-Driven Dense Core Vesicle Transport: Ca 2+/CaM Controls DCV Binding and Liprin-α/TANC2 Recruits DCVs to Postsynaptic Sites. Cell Rep 2019; 24:685-700. [PMID: 30021165 PMCID: PMC6077247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of neuronal transport allows for cargo binding and release at specific cellular locations. The mechanisms by which motor proteins are loaded on vesicles and how cargoes are captured at appropriate sites remain unclear. To better understand how KIF1A-driven dense core vesicle (DCV) transport is regulated, we identified the KIF1A interactome and focused on three binding partners, the calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and two synaptic scaffolding proteins: liprin-α and TANC2. We showed that calcium, acting via CaM, enhances KIF1A binding to DCVs and increases vesicle motility. In contrast, liprin-α and TANC2 are not part of the KIF1A-cargo complex but capture DCVs at dendritic spines. Furthermore, we found that specific TANC2 mutations—reported in patients with different neuropsychiatric disorders—abolish the interaction with KIF1A. We propose a model in which Ca2+/CaM regulates cargo binding and liprin-α and TANC2 recruit KIF1A-transported vesicles. KIF1A directly interacts with CaM and with the scaffolds liprin-α and TANC2 KIF1A is regulated by a Ca2+/CaM-dependent mechanism, which allows for DCV loading Liprin-α and TANC2 are static PSD proteins that are not part of the KIF1A-DCV complex KIF1A-driven DCVs are recruited to dendritic spines by liprin-α and TANC2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Plucińska
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica J A Hummel
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eitan E Zahavi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irune Guerra San Juan
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oleg Klykov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A F Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Myosin Va from Eriocheir sinensis: cDNA cloning, expression and involvement in growth and development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 226:45-52. [PMID: 30138681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myosin Va, a member of the myosin superfamily, has been widely identified associated with processes of cellular motility, which include neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity during neurodevelopment. However, the function of myosin Va in the growth and development of crustaceans has not yet been reported. In this study, a full-length cDNA of myosin Va (named as EsMyoVa) was cloned from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, and the expression patterns were detected in different tissues and larval developmental stages. The full-length cDNA of EsMyoVa was 6037 bp in length. Real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that EsMyoVa transcript has a wide tissue distribution pattern and is expressed in zoeae, megalopa, juvenile crab stages and adults. In order to further study the function of this gene, we used RNAi technology in the muscle, hepatopancreas, gill, and gonad. After double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection, the expression level of EsMyoVa was significantly decreased in all tissues in both sexes and the gene knockdown effects of dsRNA persisted for at least 6 days. Subsequently, the role of EsMyoVa was revealed by silencing the transcript through one month injections of Myosin Va dsRNA. Crabs with reduced levels of EsMyoVa transcripts displayed a dramatic slowing in growth rate and considerably higher mortality compared to control groups, which indicated that this gene had important role of regulating growth and development.
Collapse
|
9
|
Knabbe J, Nassal JP, Verhage M, Kuner T. Secretory vesicle trafficking in awake and anaesthetized mice: differential speeds in axons versus synapses. J Physiol 2018; 596:3759-3773. [PMID: 29873393 DOI: 10.1113/jp276022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Despite their immense physiological and pathophysiological importance, we know very little about the biology of dense core vesicle (DCV) trafficking in the intact mammalian brain. DCVs are transported at similar average speeds in the anaesthetized and awake mouse brain compared to neurons in culture, yet maximal speed and pausing fraction of transport were higher. Microtubule plus (+)-end extension imaging visualized microtubular growth at 0.12 μm/s and revealed that DCVs were transported faster in the anterograde direction. DCV transport slowed down upon presynaptic bouton approach, possibly promoting synaptic localization and cargo release. Our work provides a basis to extrapolate DCV transport properties determined in cultured neurons to the intact mouse brain and reveals novel features such as slowing upon bouton approach and brain state-dependent trafficking directionality. ABSTRACT Neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport many cargo molecules like neuropeptides and neurotrophins to their release sites in dendrites or axons. The transport properties of DCVs in axons of the intact mammalian brain are unknown. We used viral expression of a DCV cargo reporter (NPY-Venus/Cherry) in the thalamus and two-photon in vivo imaging to visualize axonal DCV trafficking in thalamocortical projections of anaesthetized and awake mice. We found an average speed of 1 μm/s, maximal speeds of up to 5 μm/s and a pausing fraction of ∼11%. Directionality of transport differed between anaesthetized and awake mice. In vivo microtubule +-end extension imaging using MACF18-GFP revealed microtubular growth at 0.12 μm/s and provided positive identification of antero- and retrograde axonal transport. Consistent with previous reports, anterograde transport was faster (∼2.1 μm/s) than retrograde transport (∼1.4 μm/s). In summary, DCVs are transported with faster maximal speeds and lower pausing fraction in vivo compared to previous results obtained in vitro. Finally, we found that DCVs slowed down upon presynaptic bouton approach. We propose that this mechanism promotes synaptic localization and cargo release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Knabbe
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joris Paul Nassal
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan, 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan, 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sood P, Murthy K, Kumar V, Nonet ML, Menon GI, Koushika SP. Cargo crowding at actin-rich regions along axons causes local traffic jams. Traffic 2018; 19:166-181. [PMID: 29178177 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Steady axonal cargo flow is central to the functioning of healthy neurons. However, a substantial fraction of cargo in axons remains stationary up to several minutes. We examine the transport of precursors of synaptic vesicles (pre-SVs), endosomes and mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons, showing that stationary cargo are predominantly present at actin-rich regions along the neuronal process. Stationary vesicles at actin-rich regions increase the propensity of moving vesicles to stall at the same location, resulting in traffic jams arising from physical crowding. Such local traffic jams at actin-rich regions are likely to be a general feature of axonal transport since they also occur in Drosophila neurons. Repeated touch stimulation of C. elegans reduces the density of stationary pre-SVs, indicating that these traffic jams can act as both sources and sinks of vesicles. This suggests that vesicles trapped in actin-rich regions are functional reservoirs that may contribute to maintaining robust cargo flow in the neuron. A video abstract of this article can be found at: Video S1; Video S2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kausalya Murthy
- Neurobiology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Michael L Nonet
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Gautam I Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Chennai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gramlich MW, Klyachko VA. Actin/Myosin-V- and Activity-Dependent Inter-synaptic Vesicle Exchange in Central Neurons. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2096-2104. [PMID: 28249156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle sharing between synaptic boutons is an important component of the recycling process that synapses employ to maintain vesicle pools. However, the mechanisms supporting and regulating vesicle transport during the inter-synaptic exchange remain poorly understood. Using nanometer-resolution tracking of individual synaptic vesicles and advanced computational algorithms, we find that long-distance axonal transport of synaptic vesicles between hippocampal boutons is partially mediated by the actin network, with myosin V as the primary actin-dependent motor that drives this vesicle transport. Furthermore, we find that vesicle exit from the synapse to the axon and long-distance vesicle transport are both rapidly and dynamically regulated by activity. We corroborated these findings with two complementary modeling approaches of vesicle exit, which closely reproduced experimental observations. These findings uncover the roles of actin and myosin V in supporting the inter-synaptic vesicle exchange and reveal that this process is dynamically modulated in an activity-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gramlich
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geerts CJ, Mancini R, Chen N, Koopmans FTW, Li KW, Smit AB, van Weering JRT, Verhage M, Groffen AJA. Tomosyn associates with secretory vesicles in neurons through its N- and C-terminal domains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180912. [PMID: 28746398 PMCID: PMC5529015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretory pathway in neurons requires efficient targeting of cargos and regulatory proteins to their release sites. Tomosyn contributes to synapse function by regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) and dense-core vesicle (DCV) secretion. While there is large support for the presynaptic accumulation of tomosyn in fixed preparations, alternative subcellular locations have been suggested. Here we studied the dynamic distribution of tomosyn-1 (Stxbp5) and tomosyn-2 (Stxbp5l) in mouse hippocampal neurons and observed a mixed diffuse and punctate localization pattern of both isoforms. Tomosyn-1 accumulations were present in axons and dendrites. As expected, tomosyn-1 was expressed in about 75% of the presynaptic terminals. Interestingly, also bidirectional moving tomosyn-1 and -2 puncta were observed. Despite the lack of a membrane anchor these puncta co-migrated with synapsin and neuropeptide Y, markers for respectively SVs and DCVs. Genetic blockade of two known tomosyn interactions with synaptotagmin-1 and its cognate SNAREs did not abolish its vesicular co-migration, suggesting an interplay of protein interactions mediated by the WD40 and SNARE domains. We hypothesize that the vesicle-binding properties of tomosyns may control the delivery, pan-synaptic sharing and secretion of neuronal signaling molecules, exceeding its canonical role at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia J. Geerts
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Mancini
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank T. W. Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J. A. Groffen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Assis LHP, Silva-Junior RMP, Dolce LG, Alborghetti MR, Honorato RV, Nascimento AFZ, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Trindade DM, Tonoli CCC, Santos CT, Oliveira PSL, Larson RE, Kobarg J, Espreafico EM, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. The molecular motor Myosin Va interacts with the cilia-centrosomal protein RPGRIP1L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43692. [PMID: 28266547 PMCID: PMC5339802 DOI: 10.1038/srep43692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor abundantly found at the centrosome. However, the role of MyoVa at this organelle has been elusive due to the lack of evidence on interacting partners or functional data. Herein, we combined yeast two-hybrid screen, biochemical studies and cellular assays to demonstrate that MyoVa interacts with RPGRIP1L, a cilia-centrosomal protein that controls ciliary signaling and positioning. MyoVa binds to the C2 domains of RPGRIP1L via residues located near or in the Rab11a-binding site, a conserved site in the globular tail domain (GTD) from class V myosins. According to proximity ligation assays, MyoVa and RPGRIP1L can interact near the cilium base in ciliated RPE cells. Furthermore, we showed that RPE cells expressing dominant-negative constructs of MyoVa are mostly unciliated, providing the first experimental evidence about a possible link between this molecular motor and cilia-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H P Assis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R M P Silva-Junior
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L G Dolce
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Alborghetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R V Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - T D Melo-Hanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D M Trindade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C T Santos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P S L Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R E Larson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Kobarg
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E M Espreafico
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is employed to identify Kinesin-1 cargos. Recently, the heavy chain of Kinesin-1 (KIF5B) was shown to transport the nuclear transcription factor c-MYC for proteosomal degradation in the cytoplasm. The method described here involves the study of a motorless KIF5B mutant for fluorescence microscopy. The wild-type and motorless KIF5B proteins are tagged with the fluorescent protein tdTomato. The wild-type tdTomato-KIF5B appears homogenously in the cytoplasm, while the motorless tdTomato-KIF5B mutant forms aggregates in the cytoplasm. Aggregation of the motorless KIF5B mutant induces aggregation of its cargo c-MYC in the cytoplasm. Hence, this method provides a visual means to identify the cargos of Kinesin-1. A similar strategy can be utilized to identify cargos of other motor proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement M Lee
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haukanes BI, Hegvik TA, Eichler T, Haavik J, Vedeler C. Paraneoplastic syndrome-associated neuronal antibodies in adult ADHD. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:87-91. [PMID: 26531699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A high seroprevalence of Yo antibodies targeting cerebellar Purkinje cells was recently reported in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated the presence of 8 paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS)-associated antibodies including anti-Yo in 169 adult ADHD patients. No associations between ADHD and serum Yo antibodies or other antibodies associated with PNS were found. However, 10 out of 48 ADHD patient sera analyzed by immunofluorescence presented antibodies targeting cerebellar Purkinje cells. This reactivity probably represents the presence of low levels of antibodies against multiple cellular hitherto unknown antigens with little to no clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Ivar Haukanes
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tor-Arne Hegvik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tilo Eichler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sui WH, Huang SH, Wang J, Chen Q, Liu T, Chen ZY. Myosin Va mediates BDNF-induced postendocytic recycling of full-length TrkB and its translocation into dendritic spines. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1108-22. [PMID: 25632160 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity by activating the receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB, also known as NTRK2). TrkB has been shown to undergo recycling after BDNF stimulation. We have previously reported that full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL) are recycled through a Rab11-dependent pathway upon BDNF stimuli, which is important for the translocation of TrkB-FL into dendritic spines and for the maintenance of prolonged BDNF downstream signaling during long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the identity of the motor protein that mediates the local transfer of recycled TrkB-FL back to the plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we report that the F-actin-based motor protein myosin Va (Myo5a) mediates the postendocytic recycling of TrkB-FL. Blocking the interaction between Rab11 and Myo5a by use of a TAT-tagged peptide consisting of amino acids 55-66 of the Myo5a ExonE domain weakened the association between TrkB-FL and Myo5a and thus impaired TrkB-FL recycling and BDNF-induced TrkB-FL translocation into dendritic spines. Finally, inhibiting Myo5a-mediated TrkB-FL recycling led to a significant reduction in prolonged BDNF downstream signaling. Taken together, these results show that Myo5a mediates BDNF-dependent TrkB-FL recycling and contributes to BDNF-induced TrkB spine translocation and prolonged downstream signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hai Sui
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No.247 Beiyuan Dajie, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, School of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The role of rab proteins in neuronal cells and in the trafficking of neurotrophin receptors. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:642-77. [PMID: 25295627 PMCID: PMC4289860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that are important for neuronal development, neuronal survival and neuronal functions. Neurotrophins exert their role by binding to their receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and p75NTR, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Binding of neurotrophins to receptors triggers a complex series of signal transduction events, which are able to induce neuronal differentiation but are also responsible for neuronal maintenance and neuronal functions. Rab proteins are small GTPases localized to the cytosolic surface of specific intracellular compartments and are involved in controlling vesicular transport. Rab proteins, acting as master regulators of the membrane trafficking network, play a central role in both trafficking and signaling pathways of neurotrophin receptors. Axonal transport represents the Achilles' heel of neurons, due to the long-range distance that molecules, organelles and, in particular, neurotrophin-receptor complexes have to cover. Indeed, alterations of axonal transport and, specifically, of axonal trafficking of neurotrophin receptors are responsible for several human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In this review, we will discuss the link between Rab proteins and neurotrophin receptor trafficking and their influence on downstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
18
|
Arnold DB, Gallo G. Structure meets function: actin filaments and myosin motors in the axon. J Neurochem 2013; 129:213-220. [PMID: 24147838 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the organization and roles of actin filaments, and associated myosin motor proteins, in regulating the structure and function of the axon shaft. 'Patches' of actin filaments have emerged as a major type of actin filament organization in axons. In the distal axon, patches function as precursors to the formation of filopodia and branches. At the axon initial segment, patches locally capture membranous organelles and contribute to polarized trafficking. The trapping function of patches at the initial segment can be ascribed to interactions with myosin motors, and likely also applies to patches in the more distal axon. Finally, submembranous rings of actin filaments were recently described in axons, which form an actin-spectrin cytoskeleton, likely contributing to the maintenance of axon integrity. Continued investigation into the roles of axonal actin filaments and myosins will shed light on fundamental aspects of the development, adult function and the repair of axons in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don B Arnold
- University of Southern California Department of Biology 1050 Childs Way RRI 204b Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910 ph: 213-821-1266
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, ph: 215-926-9362
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
This minireview focuses on recent studies implicating class V myosins in organelle and macromolecule transport within neurons. These studies reveal that class V myosins play important roles in a wide range of fundamental processes occurring within neurons, including the transport into dendritic spines of organelles that support synaptic plasticity, the establishment of neuronal shape, the specification of polarized cargo transport, and the subcellular localization of mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hammer
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
CDR2L Antibodies: A New Player in Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66002. [PMID: 23823982 PMCID: PMC3688866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yo antibodies are associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). We have characterized Yo sera by measuring CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies and the localization of their antigens. METHODS Forty-two Yo sera from patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), 179 sera from ovarian and 114 sera from breast cancer patients without PNS and 100 blood donors were screened for CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies by radioactive immune assay (RIA). Fluorescence microscopy was also used to determine the presence of CDR2 or CDR2L antibodies by staining of HeLa cells transfected with CDR2 or CDR2L fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Confocal microscopy was further used to localize the CDR2 and CDR2L proteins. RESULTS RIA showed that 36 of the 42 Yo positive sera contained CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies whereas 6 sera contained only CDR2 antibodies. Five of the ovarian cancer patients had CDR2L antibodies and 4 of the breast cancer patients had either CDR2 or CDR2L antibodies. Only patients with both antibodies had PCD. RIA and staining of transfected cells showed similar results. Yo antibodies were not present in the 100 blood donors. Confocal microscopy showed that CDR2 and CDR2L were localized to the cytoplasm, whereas CDR2L was also present on the cell membrane. INTERPRETATION Yo sera usually contain CDR2 and CDR2L antibodies and both antibodies are associated with PCD. Since only CDR2L is localized to the cell membrane it is likely that CDR2L antibodies may be of primary pathogenic importance for the development of PCD.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cellular Mechanisms for the Biogenesis and Transport of Synaptic and Dense-Core Vesicles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 299:27-115. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394310-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Brozzi F, Diraison F, Lajus S, Rajatileka S, Philips T, Regazzi R, Fukuda M, Verkade P, Molnár E, Váradi A. Molecular mechanism of myosin Va recruitment to dense core secretory granules. Traffic 2011; 13:54-69. [PMID: 21985333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The brain-spliced isoform of Myosin Va (BR-MyoVa) plays an important role in the transport of dense core secretory granules (SGs) to the plasma membrane in hormone and neuropeptide-producing cells. The molecular composition of the protein complex that recruits BR-MyoVa to SGs and regulates its function has not been identified to date. We have identified interaction between SG-associated proteins granuphilin-a/b (Gran-a/b), BR-MyoVa and Rab27a, a member of the Rab family of GTPases. Gran-a/b-BR-MyoVa interaction is direct, involves regions downstream of the Rab27-binding domain, and the C-terminal part of Gran-a determines exon specificity. MyoVa and Gran-a/b are partially colocalised on SGs and disruption of Gran-a/b-BR-MyoVa binding results in a perinuclear accumulation of SGs which augments nutrient-stimulated hormone secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. These results indicate the existence of at least another binding partner of BR-MyoVa that was identified as rabphilin-3A (Rph-3A). BR-MyoVa-Rph-3A interaction is also direct and enhanced when secretion is activated. The BR-MyoVa-Rph-3A and BR-MyoVa-Gran-a/b complexes are linked to a different subset of SGs, and simultaneous inhibition of these complexes nearly completely blocks stimulated hormone release. This study demonstrates that multiple binding partners of BR-MyoVa regulate SG transport, and this molecular mechanism is universally used by neuronal, endocrine and neuroendocrine cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Brozzi
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
An actin-dependent mechanism for long-range vesicle transport. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:1431-6. [PMID: 21983562 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular transport is vital for the function, survival and architecture of every eukaryotic cell. Long-range transport in animal cells is thought to depend exclusively on microtubule tracks. This study reveals an unexpected actin-dependent but microtubule-independent mechanism for long-range transport of vesicles. Vesicles organize their own actin tracks by recruiting the actin nucleation factors Spire1, Spire2 and Formin-2, which assemble an extensive actin network from the vesicles' surfaces. The network connects the vesicles with one another and with the plasma membrane. Vesicles move directionally along these connections in a myosin-Vb-dependent manner to converge and to reach the cell surface. The overall outward-directed movement of the vesicle-actin network is driven by recruitment of vesicles to the plasma membrane in the periphery of the oocyte. Being organized in a dynamic vesicle-actin network allows vesicles to move in a local random manner and a global directed manner at the same time: they can reach any position in the cytoplasm, but also move directionally to the cell surface as a collective. Thus, collective movement within a network is a powerful and flexible mode of vesicle transport.
Collapse
|
24
|
Expression, phosphorylation, and glycosylation of CNS proteins in aversive operant conditioning associated memory in Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroscience 2011; 186:94-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
In neuroscience, myosin V motor proteins have attracted attention since they are highly expressed in brain, and absence of myosin Va in man leads to a severe neurological disease called Griscelli syndrome. While in some cells myosin V is described to act as a vesicle transport motor, an additional role in exocytosis has emerged recently. In neurons, myosin V has been linked to exocytosis of secretory vesicles and recycling endosomes. Through these functions, it is implied in regulating important brain functions including the release of neuropeptides by exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles and the insertion of neurotransmitter receptors into post-synaptic membranes. This review focuses on the role of myosin V in (i) axonal transport and stimulated exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles to regulate the secretion of neuroactive substances, (ii) tethering of the endoplasmic reticulum at cerebellar synapses to permit long-term depression, (iii) recycling of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptors at hippocampal synapses during long-term potentiation, and (iv) recycling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Myosin V is thus discussed as an important modulator of synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kapitein LC, Hoogenraad CC. Which way to go? Cytoskeletal organization and polarized transport in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 46:9-20. [PMID: 20817096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish and maintain their polarized morphology, neurons employ active transport driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins to sort cargo between axons and dendrites. These motors can move in a specific direction over either microtubules (kinesins, dynein) or actin filaments (myosins). The basic traffic rules governing polarized transport on the neuronal cytoskeleton have long remained unclear, but recent work has revealed several fundamental sorting principles based on differences in the cytoskeletal organization in axons versus dendrites. We will highlight the basic characteristics of the neuronal cytoskeleton and review existing evidence for microtubule and actin based traffic rules in polarized neuronal transport. We will propose a model in which polarized sorting of cargo is established by recruiting or activating the proper subset of motor proteins, which are subsequently guided to specific directions by the polarized organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas C Kapitein
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|