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Yu L, Zhang C, Gu L, Chen H, Huo Y, Wang S, Tao J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Tenuigenin Exhibit Neuroprotection Effects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia Via Differential Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 Signaling Interaction. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5584-5600. [PMID: 38214838 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous natural bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese medicines have been proved to be promising and potent agents in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), separated from Carthamus tinctorius, has increasingly attracted attention for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, especially of its neuroprotective action. Our previous studies revealed that HSYA plays significant beneficial roles in a dose-dependent manner in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. However, treatment with higher doses of HSYA appeared to bring about adverse reactions in the rats. In present study, we adopted tenuigenin (TEN), extracted from the Polygala tenuifolia root, in combination with HSYA to optimize the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke, and further explored the underlying mechanisms of action of the combination in vivo and in vitro. We firstly confirmed the pharmacological efficacies of co-treatment of HSYA and TEN in middle cerebral ischemia occlusion (MCAO) rats and observed the synergistic improvement of infarct volume, cerebral edema, and morphology of neuron cell body. Behavioral experiments indicated that combination of HSYA and TEN could synergistically improve motor and cognitive function in MCAO rats. We also observed increased viability and suppressed cell apoptosis after HSYA and TEN co-treatments in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling interaction was demonstrated to be a critical responsor to the co-treatment of HSYA and TEN. In the subsequent experiments with silencing SOCS3 in OGD/R-exposed cells, we found that HSYA and TEN might suppress JAK2/STAT3 pathway through different regulatory mechanisms targeting SOCS3-negative feedback signaling. HSYA seemed to impose excessive activation of JAK2/STAT3 to trigger SOCS3-negative feedback signaling, while TEN appeared to provoke SOCS3 inhibitory feedback role directly to further attenuate JAK2-mediated signaling. Collectively, HSYA and TEN might modulate the crosstalk between JAK2/STAT3 and SOCS3 signaling pathways in different manners that eventually contributed to their synergistic therapeutic effects against cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Yu L, Jin Z, Li M, Liu H, Tao J, Xu C, Wang L, Zhang Q. Protective potential of hydroxysafflor yellow A in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury: An overview of evidence from experimental studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063035. [PMID: 36588739 PMCID: PMC9797593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, mostly caused by thromboembolic or thrombotic arterial occlusions, is a primary leading cause of death worldwide with high morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, no specific medicine is available for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury due to its limitation of therapeutic window. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, a natural product extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, has been extensively investigated on its pharmacological properties in cerebrovascular diseases. However, review focusing on the beneficial role of HSYA against cerebral I/R injury is still lacking. In this paper, we reviewed the neuroprotective effect of HSYA in preclinical studies and the underlying mechanisms involved, as well as clinical data that support the pharmacological activities. Additionally, the sources, physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, safety and limitations of HSYA were also reviewed. As a result, HSYA possesses a wide range of beneficial effects against cerebral I/R injury, and its action mechanisms include anti-excitotoxicity, anti-oxidant stress, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, attenuating BBB leakage and regulating autophagy. Collectively, HSYA might be applied as one of the promising alternatives in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital Baoshan Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mincheng Li
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jinshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Comprehensive Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Department of Integration, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lu Yu, ; Qiujuan Zhang, ; Liwei Wang,
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Zhao X, He Y, Zhang Y, Wan H, Wan H, Yang J. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress: An Important Molecular Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine (Astragalus membranaceus, Carthamus tinctorius L., Radix Salvia Miltiorrhizae, etc.) in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Regulating the Antioxidant System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1425369. [PMID: 35651725 PMCID: PMC9151006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1425369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for thousands of years in China and is becoming increasingly popular all over the world, especially for the treatments of ischemic stroke. More and more evidences have implicated that oxidative stress has been closely related with ischemic stroke. This review will concentrate on the evidence of the action mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine and its active ingredient in preventing ischemic stroke by modulating redox signaling and oxidative stress pathways and providing references for clinical treatment and scientific research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Sun Z, Wang Y, Xu R, Zhang S, Yang H, Song J, Chang T. Hydroxysafflor yellow A improved retinopathy via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:284-292. [PMID: 35434371 PMCID: PMC8958191 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of hydroxysaff yellow A (HSYA) on diabetic retinopathy (DR). For this, a total of 27 rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, and HSYA groups. The body weight, blood glucose, and blood–retinal barrier damage of the rats were observed and compared. The pathological change of retinal tissue were measured using H&E staining. The apoptosis of retinal tissue ganglion cells was detected by TUNEL. The interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis fator (TNF)-α levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected using thiobarbituric acid method. Superoxide dismutase levels were detected using xanthine oxidase method; Nrf2 and total HO-1 protein expressions were detected using western blot assay; Bcl-2 and P53 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemical staining. The body weight and retinal damage of the HYSA group were significantly improved (p < 0.01, respectively). The apoptosis index of the HYSA group was lower than the model group (p < 0.001). The IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA levels of the HYSA group were significantly improved in comparison with those of the model group (p < 0.01, respectively). The Nrf-2, HO-1, Bcl-2, and P53 protein expression of HYSA group was significantly improved (p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, HYSA can effectively alleviate the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in type 2 diabetic rats and improve the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Department of Digestology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Hematology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
| | - Tao Chang
- Department of Osteology, Chengde Central Hospital , Guangren Street , Chengde City , Hebei Province 067000 , China
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Hydroxysafflor yellow A can improve depressive behavior by inhibiting hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating HPA axis. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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LI Y, GE J, YIN Y, HE X, GU J. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) improve scars by vivo and vitro study. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan LI
- Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Xu HE
- Nanjing Medical University, China
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Li F, Gou X, Xu D, Han D, Hou K, Fang W, Li Y. Improvement of tube formation model of cell: Application for acute hypoxia in in vitro study of angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2021; 140:104297. [PMID: 34890690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis caused by acute vascular occlusion occurs in various ischemic diseases. The in vitro tube formation assay by endothelial cells is a rapid, quantitative method for drug discovery on angiogenesis. Tube formation assay on Matrigel has been widely used to identify the angiogenesis, however, there are some problems to limit its application. In this study, we found for the first time that sodium dithionite (SD) could induce endothelial cell tube formation without Matrigel under hypoxia condition. To further verify our findings, the angiogenesis related proteins and mRNA at different time points after tube formation were measured both in primary human large-vessel endothelial cell (HUVECs) and murine microvascular endothelial cell line (Bend.3). In conclusion, compared with traditional tube formation on Matrigel, the novel model exhibits the following advantages: (1) Combination oxygen glucose deprivation with sodium dithionite (OGD-SD) model is operated more easily than traditional tube formation. (2) OGD-SD can be used for not only cell imaging, but also immunofluorescence, protein extraction and gene analysis. (3) OGD-SD is more applicable to acute hypoxia model of endothelial cell in vitro. (4) OGD-SD may be more suitable to identify molecular mechanism of compound that intervenes processes of pro-tube formation, tube formation and tube disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Circ_0001367 inhibits glioma proliferation, migration and invasion by sponging miR-431 and thus regulating NRXN3. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:536. [PMID: 34035217 PMCID: PMC8149867 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that circular RNAs play a vital role in the malignant progression of human cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of circRNAs in the development of gliomas have not been fully clarified. In this study, we found that circ_0001367 was downregulated in glioma tissues and showed a close correlation with glioma patient survival. Functional assays demonstrated that upregulation of circ_0001367 could suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells in vitro and inhibit glioma growth in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay indicated that circ_0001367 can serve as a sponge for miR-431 and that miR-431 acts as an oncogene by regulating neurexin 3 (NRXN3). In addition, rescue experiments verified that circ_0001367 could regulate both the expression and function of NRXN3 in a miR-431-dependent manner. In conclusion, circ_0001367 functions as an suppressor in glioma by targeting the miR-431/NRXN3 axis and may be a promising therapeutic target against gliomas.
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Bai X, Wang WX, Fu RJ, Yue SJ, Gao H, Chen YY, Tang YP. Therapeutic Potential of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01265. [PMID: 33117148 PMCID: PMC7550755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) is increasing worldwide, causing an increasingly serious public health burden. The pursuit of new promising treatment options is thus becoming a pressing issue. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the main active quinochalcone C-glycosides in the florets of Carthamus tinctorius L., a medical and edible dual-purpose plant. HSYA has attracted much interest for its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CCVDs, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular dementia, and traumatic brain injury, in massive preclinical studies. In this review, we briefly summarized the mode and mechanism of action of HSYA on CCVDs based on these preclinical studies. The therapeutic effects of HSYA against CCVDs were presumed to reside mostly in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective roles by acting on complex signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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11
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He J, Wu H, Zhou Y, Zheng C. Tomentosin inhibit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced inflammatory response via TLR4/ NLRP3 signalling pathway - in vivo and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110697. [PMID: 32919189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stoke is a global threat, leading to 50 % of deaths worldwide and it causes permanent disability to about 5 million individuals globally each year. In this study, we assessed the potency of tomentosin to inhibit the neuroinflammation in in vivo and in vitro models. The Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 25 mg/kg bodyweight (b.wt) and 50 mg/kg b.wt of tomentosin for seven days followed by induction of cerebral ischemic reperfusion. The brain edema and cerebral infractions were analyzed. The levels of antioxidants and the interleukins were measured by standard methods. The NLRP3 signaling proteins expression was evaluated using qPCR analysis. In vitro studies were performed in SH-SY5Y-cells pretreated with tomentosin and subjected to OGD-R treatment. Our results depicts tomentosin scavenges the free radicals, enhances antioxidant system, inhibits the NLRP3 signaling. In vitro results substantiates with in vivo results. To conclude, our in vivo and in vitro results confirm tomentosin may be potent alternative for existing antistroke drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People's Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - YanYan Zhou
- Kuming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming, Yunnan, 651700, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People's Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, 400020, China.
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Pavón-Fuentes N, Marín-Prida J, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Falcón-Cama V, Campos-Mojena R, Cervantes-Llanos M, Piniella-Matamoros B, Pentón-Arias E, Pentón-Rol G. Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin-1- induced focal cerebral ischaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:383-392. [PMID: 31732975 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological therapies for interrupting biochemical events of the ischaemic cascade and protecting against stroke in humans are as yet unavailable. Up to now, the neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischaemia of phycocyanobilin (PCB), a tetrapyrrolic natural antioxidant, has not been fully examined. Here, we evaluated if PCB protects PC12 neuronal cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reperfusion, and its protective effects in a rat model of endothelin-1-induced focal brain ischaemia. PCB was purified from the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and characterized by spectrophotometric, liquid and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In Wistar rats, PCB at 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg or phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally at equal subdoses in a therapeutic schedule (30 minutes, 1, 3 and 6 hours after the surgery). Brain expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the enzyme CNPase was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. PCB was obtained with high purity (>95%) and the absence of solvent contaminants and was able to ameliorate PC12 cell ischaemic injury. PCB treatment significantly decreased brain infarct volume, limited the exploratory behaviour impairment and preserved viable cortical neurons in ischaemic rats in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, PCB at high doses restored the MBP and CNPase expression levels in ischaemic rats. An improved PCB purification method from its natural source is reported, obtaining PCB that is suitable for pharmacological trials showing neuroprotective effects against experimental ischaemic stroke. Therefore, PCB could be a therapeutic pharmacological alternative for ischaemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Centre for Research and Biological Evaluations (CEIEB), Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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Luo Y, Li X, Liu T, Cao Y, Zhang J, Yaseen A, Sun F, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Si CL, Hu W. Senkyunolide H protects against MPP +-induced apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:73-81. [PMID: 30579107 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senkyunolide H (SNH) is a phthalide isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. that has been reported to have several pharmacological activities, including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of SNH against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced oxidative stress. We demonstrated that SNH pretreatment significantly attenuated MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. In addition, SNH attenuated the effect of MPP+ on the expression of the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. Meanwhile, SNH prevented oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome C release, and malondialdehyde levels while increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). In addition, SNH inhibited nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphorylation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Overall, this investigation provides novel evidence that SNH exerts neuroprotective effects via the ROS-mediated MAPK pathway and represents a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Aftab Yaseen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fengting Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Wancai Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Jing-Jin-Ji Joint Innovation Pharmaceutical (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chuan-Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for a Broad Spectrum of Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8259280. [PMID: 30356354 PMCID: PMC6176289 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the major bioactive and water-soluble compounds isolated from Carthami Flos, the flower of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a natural pigment with favorable medical use, HSYA has gained extensive attention due to broad and effective pharmacological activities since first isolation in 1993. In clinic, the safflor yellow injection which mainly contains about 80% HSYA was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration and used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. In basic pharmacology, HSYA has been proved to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects that include, but not limited to, cardiovascular effect, neuroprotection, liver and lung protection, antitumor activity, metabolism regulation, and endothelium cell protection. Although a great number of studies have been carried out to prove the pharmacological effects and corresponding mechanisms of HYSA, a systemic review of HYSA has not yet been seen. Here, we provide a comprehensive summarization of the pharmacological effects of HYSA. Together with special attention to mechanisms of actions, this review can serve as the basis for further researches and developments of this medicinal compound.
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Penehyclidine hydrochloride preconditioning provides pulmonary and systemic protection in a rat model of lung ischaemia reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 839:1-11. [PMID: 30201378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a new anticholinergic agent that provides protective effects in experimental models of heart and brain ischaemia as well as reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PHC can alleviate lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury and improve pulmonary and systemic function in rats. PHC was administered intravenously at various doses (d= 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) to I/R rats. We used six indicators, including lung function, histologic examination, pulmonary oedema, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis staining to quantify the pulmonary and systemic protective effects of PHC. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used for pulmonary histologic examination. The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, phospho-inhibitor of NF-κB (p-IκB) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was analysed using western blotting. ELISA was conducted to detect inflammatory mediators. Oxidative stress markers as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined using an assay kit. PHC preconditioning (with concentrations ranging from 0.3 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg 30 min before the onset of I/R) significantly reduced lung histopathological changes, down regulated TLR4, p-IκB and NF-κB expression, and decreased inflammatory mediators as well as the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and plasma. The lung tissue contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and MPO as well as pulmonary oedema formation decreased, while SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity was significantly upregulated. PHC preconditioning (with concentrations ranging from 1 mg/kg to 3 mg/kg) significantly improved the lung function and attenuated the apoptotic rate. The probable mechanism for this finding is the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators via the suppression of reactive oxygen species production and the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Zhang B, Li W, Dong M. Flavonoids of Kudzu Root Fermented by Eurtotium cristatum Protected Rat Pheochromocytoma Line 12 (PC12) Cells against H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2754. [PMID: 29257062 PMCID: PMC5751353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bioactive components have greatly attracted attention as they demonstrate health benefits. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that isoflavonoid compounds of kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) fermented by Eurtotium cristatum and extracted using de-ionized water were higher active compared with non-fermented. A model of H₂O₂-inducd cell damage was built using rat pheochromocytoma line 12 (PC12) cell to observe the protective effect of non-fermented kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) (NFK) and fermented kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) (FK). Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed through inverted microscopy and flow cytometry. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Results showed that NFK and FK could significantly protect PC12 cell against damage caused by H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The intracellular antioxidant system was increased, protected the cell membrane inhibit H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by scavenging of ROS. Moreover, NFK and FK regulated the cell cycle to prevent cell apoptosis. Isoflavonoid from the kudzu root especially fermented kudzu root with E. cristatum are potentially therapeutic drugs against diseases induced by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Construction Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou Institute Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China.
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Cardioprotective time-window of Penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning: A rat study. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:48-56. [PMID: 28684235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological postconditioning offers a clinical perspective for all patients with ischemic heart disease. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a new type of anticholinergic drug. We previously reported that PHC preconditioning protects against I/R injury in rat hearts in vivo. Ischemic heart disease often occurs suddenly, so postconditioning is more significant than preconditioning. However, studies evaluating myocardial protective effects of PHC postconditioning are unavailable. We explored the effects and time-window of cardioprotection of PHC postconditioning in myocardial I/R injury. PHC was administered by intravenous at various times (t = -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, or 30min) after the onset of reperfusion in addition to I/R rat. We observed five different indicators including infarct size, inflammatory response, myocardial enzyme, oxidative stress, and Ca2+ overload to quantify the effect of cardioprotection. Evans blue and TTC staining were used to measure myocardial infarct size. The expression of NF-κ B and IκB-α was analyzed using Western blot. ELISA was conducted to detect inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The Ca2+ level was determined using assay kit. PHC postconditioning (from -5 to 10min after the onset of reperfusion) significantly reduced infarct size, downregulated NF-κ B expression, and decreased the release of inflammatory mediators, while significantly upregulating IκB-α expression and increasing the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. All PHC postconditioning groups significantly reduced Ca2+ level. PHC postconditioning is cardioprotective over a larger time-window (from -5 to 10min after the onset of reperfusion). The probable mechanism is inhibition of NF-кB regulated inflammatory response pathway.
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Pei JP, Fan LH, Nan K, Li J, Dang XQ, Wang KZ. HSYA alleviates secondary neuronal death through attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neural apoptosis in SD rat spinal cord compression injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:97. [PMID: 28468657 PMCID: PMC5415746 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a major active component of yellow pigment extracted from safflowers; this compound possesses potent neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, underlying mechanism of HSYA is not fully elucidated. The present study investigated the protective effects of HSYA in rat spinal cord compression injury model and related mechanisms involved. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided as Sham, Control, and HSYA groups (n = 30 per group). Spinal cord injury (SCI) model was induced by application of vascular clips (force of 50 g, 1 min) to the dura at T9–T10 level of vertebra. Injured animals were administered with either HSYA (8 mg/kg at 1 and 6 h after injury, then 14 mg/kg, for a total of 7 days at 24-h time intervals) or equal volume of saline by intraperitoneal injection. Results From this experiment, we discovered that SCI in rats resulted in severe trauma, which is characterized by tissue damage, lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, inflammation mediator release, and neuronal apoptosis. However, HSYA treatment significantly reduced the following: (1) degree of tissue injury (histological score) and edema; (2) neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity); (3) oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide); (4) pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2); (5) nuclear factor-κB activation; (6) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and cysteine-aspartic protease-3 activity). Moreover, in a separate set of experiments, we clearly demonstrated that HSYA treatment significantly ameliorated recovery of limb function (as evaluated by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan behavioral recovery scores). Conclusions Treatment with HSYA restrains development of oxidative stress, inflammation response, and apoptotic events associated with SCI of rats, demonstrating that HSYA is a potential neuroprotectant for human SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Peng Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Dang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Xu Y, Lee J, Park YD, Yang JM, Zheng J, Zhang Q. Molecular dynamics simulation integrating the inhibition kinetics of hydroxysafflor yellow A on α-glucosidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:830-840. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jimin Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Han N, Kim YJ, Park SM, Kim SM, Lee JS, Jung HS, Lee EJ, Kim TK, Kim TN, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Kim MK, Rhee BD, Park JH. Repeated Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Induced PC-12 Cell Death through the Involvement of FOXO Transcription Factor. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:396-405. [PMID: 27766247 PMCID: PMC5069396 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and brain damage in diabetes is suggested to be associated with hypoglycemia. The mechanisms of hypoglycemia-induced neural death and apoptosis are not clear and reperfusion injury may be involved. Recent studies show that glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced more neuronal cell death than glucose deprivation itself. The forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are implicated in the regulation of cell apoptosis and survival, but their role in neuronal cells remains unclear. We examined the role of FOXO transcription factors and the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and apoptosis-related signaling pathways in PC-12 cells exposed to repeated glucose deprivation/reperfusion. METHODS PC-12 cells were exposed to control (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM] containing 25 mM glucose) or glucose deprivation/reperfusion (DMEM with 0 mM glucose for 6 hours and then DMEM with 25 mM glucose for 18 hours) for 5 days. MTT assay and Western blot analysis were performed for cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression of survival signaling pathways. FOXO3/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was done to ascertain the involvement of FOXO transcription factors in glucose deprivation/reperfusion conditions. RESULTS Compared to PC-12 cells not exposed to hypoglycemia, cells exposed to glucose deprivation/reperfusion showed a reduction of cell viability, decreased expression of phosphorylated Akt and Bcl-2, and an increase of cleaved caspase-3 expression. Of note, FOXO3 protein was localized in the nuclei of glucose deprivation/reperfusion cells but not in the control cells. CONCLUSION Repeated glucose deprivation/reperfusion caused the neuronal cell death. Activated FOXO3 via the PI3K/Akt pathway in repeated glucose deprivation/reperfusion was involved in genes related to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Onhospital, Busan, Korea
| | - You Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Min Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Man Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Suk Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Jung
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Kyoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi-kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Peng W, Xia Z, Gan P, Huang W, Shi Y, Fan R. Hydroxysafflor yellow A exerts antioxidant effects in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3690-6. [PMID: 27599591 PMCID: PMC5042747 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radical-induced oxidative damage occurs rapidly and is of primary importance during the secondary pathophysiological cascades of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a constituent of the flower petals of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes following TBI. The present study aimed to identify HSYA in the brain tissues of rats exposed to TBI to determine its absorption and to investigate the underlying effects of HSYA on antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissues of TBI rats. To determine the absorption of HSYA for the investigation of the underlying antioxidant effects of HSYA in TBI, the presence of HSYA in the brain tissues of the TBI rats was identified using an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Subsequently, the state of oxidative stress in the TBI rat model following the administration of HSYA was investigated by determining the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT), and the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The data obtained demonstrated that HSYA was absorbed in the brain tissues of the TBI rats. HSYA increased the activities of SOD and CAT, the level of GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio. However, HSYA concomitantly decreased the levels of MDA and GSSG. These preliminary data suggest that HSYA has the potential to be utilized as a neuroprotective drug in cases of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zian Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Gan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Chang R, Zhou R, Qi X, Wang J, Wu F, Yang W, Zhang W, Sun T, Li Y, Yu J. Protective effects of aloin on oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced injury in PC12 cells. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:75-83. [PMID: 26772628 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine whether aloin could protect cells from ischemic and reperfusion injury in vitro and to elucidate the related mechanisms. Oxygen and glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells was used in the present study. 2-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining were used to evaluate the protective effects of aloin, at concentrations of 10, 20, or 40 μg/mL in PC12 cells. PCR was applied to detect fluorescence caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in PC12 cells. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated by biochemical method. The concentration of intracellular-free calcium [Ca(2+)]i, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined to estimate the degree of neuronal damage. It was shown that aloin (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) significantly attenuated PC12 cells damage with characteristics of an increased injured cells absorbance of MTT and releases of LDH, decreasing cell apoptosis, and antagonizing decreases in SOD activity and increase in MDA level induced by OGD-reoxygenation. Meanwhile pretreatment with aloin significantly reduced injury-induced intracellular ROS, increased MMP (P<0.01), but it inhibited [Ca(2+)]i (P<0.01) elevation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pre-treatment with aloin significantly up-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA expression, down-regulated Bax mRNA expression and consequently activated caspase-3 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that the protection of aloin on OGD-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is associated with its suppression on OGD-induced oxidative stress and protection on mitochondrial function and inhibition of caspase activity. Alion could be a promising candidate in the development of a novel class of anti-ischemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Lab of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Yang ST, Lin JW, Chiu BY, Hsu YC, Chang CP, Chang CK. Astragaloside Improves Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats by Reducing Microglia Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1357-70. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside (AST) is traditionally prescribed for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We directly tested the therapeutic effects of AST in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hour after the onset of TBI rats were given Saline (1 ml/kg) or AST (20–80 mg/kg) via i.p. injection. AST causes the attenuation of TBI-induced cerebral contusion, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological motor dysfunction. TBI-induced microglial activation evidenced by the morphological transformation of microglia (or ameboid microglia) and the microglial overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced by AST. Our results indicate that AST may protect against brain contusion and neuronal apoptosis after TBI by attenuating microglia activation in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Tai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ying Chiu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
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Zhao S, Lu X, Xiao C, Ning Z, Zeng H, Ding X, Zhang Y, Lu C, Liu Y. Diversified bioactivities of four types of naturally occurring quinochalcones. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guo H, Kong S, Chen W, Dai Z, Lin T, Su J, Li S, Xie Q, Su Z, Xu Y, Lai X. Apigenin Mediated Protection of OGD-Evoked Neuron-Like Injury in Differentiated PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2197-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Beneficial Effect of Astragalosides on Stroke Condition Using PC12 Cells under Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:825-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang ZH, Yu LJ, Hui XC, Wu ZZ, Yin KL, Yang H, Xu Y. Hydroxy-safflor yellow A attenuates Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced inflammation by modulating the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Brain Res 2014; 1563:72-80. [PMID: 24690200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). Anti-inflammatory treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. In this study, the effect of hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) on Aβ1-42-induced inflammation in AD mice was investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Aβ1-42 was injected into bilateral hippocampi of mice to induce AD models in vivo. Spatial learning and memory of mice were investigated by the Morris water maze test. Activated microglia and astrocytes were examined by immunofluorescence staining for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The mRNA of inflammatory cytokines were measured using real-time PCR. NF-κB p65 translocation was analyzed by western blotting and immunostaining. IκB and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 were tested by western blotting. The results showed that HSYA ameliorated the memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced AD mice. HSYA suppressed Aβ1-42-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes and reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. HSYA up-regulated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 by AG490 reversed the inactivation of p65 and anti-inflammatory effects of HSYA. In conclusion, these results suggest that HSYA protects Aβ1-42-induced AD model through inhibiting inflammatory response, which may involve the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China
| | - Lin-Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Xin-Chen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, South East University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Kai-Lin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, South East University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China.
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Safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:354-61. [PMID: 24731908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Safflower yellow is widely used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China. Several trials comparing safflower yellow and placebo or no intervention were unavailable for prior meta-analysis. Here, we present an updated and expanded systematic review, including four new trials, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of safflower yellow for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biological Medicine Database (CBM), CQVIP Information and Wanfang Database until January 2013. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke were included. Two researchers (Fan, S.Y. and Lin, N.) independently extracted data, assessed the study quality, and selected trials for inclusion. RESULTS 7 RCTs with 762 participants were included. None of the included studies were of high methodological quality. The meta-analysis showed that safflower yellow was more effective assessed by neurological improvement rate [odds ratio (OR), 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06-4.68, P<0.05] compared with control group. No death was reported in any of the included studies during the follow up period. Only four trials reported adverse events, and skin rash was observed in the treatment group of one trial. CONCLUSIONS Safflower yellow seems to be effective and safe in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, RCTs of high methodological quality are warranted before drawing any conclusion on the efficacy or safety of safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke.
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Chemical and biological properties of quinochalcone C-glycosides from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Molecules 2013; 18:15220-54. [PMID: 24335575 PMCID: PMC6270621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinochalcone C-glycosides are regarded as characteristic components that have only been isolated from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Recently, quinochalcone C-glycosides were found to have multiple pharmacological activities, which has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore these compounds. This review aims to summarize quinochalcone C-glycosides’ physicochemical properties, chromatographic behavior, spectroscopic characteristics, as well as their biological activities, which will be helpful for further study and development of quinochalcone C-glycosides.
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Hydroxysafflor yellow A suppresses oleic acid-induced acute lung injury via protein kinase A. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:895-904. [PMID: 23933165 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation response and oxidative stress play important roles in acute lung injury (ALI). Activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway may attenuate ALI by suppressing immune responses and inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a natural flavonoid compound that reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine-mediated damage. In this study, we examined whether HSYA could protect the lungs from oleic acid (OA)-induced injury, which was used to mimic ALI, and determined the role of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in this process. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), carbon dioxide tension, pH, and the PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in the blood were detected using a blood gas analyzer. We measured wet/dry lung weight ratio and evaluated tissue morphology. The protein and inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassay. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, PKA, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and the concentrations of cAMP and malondialdehyde in the lung tissue were detected using assay kits. Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, and p22(phox) levels in the lung tissue were analyzed using Western blotting. OA increased the inflammatory cytokine and ROS levels and caused lung dysfunction by decreasing cAMP synthesis, inhibiting PKA activity, stimulating caspase 3, and reducing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. H-89 increased these effects. HSYA significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibited the inflammatory response via cAMP/PKA pathway activation, and attenuated OA-induced lung injury. Our results show that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is required for the protective effect of HSYA against ALI.
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Change of Beclin-1 dependent on ATP, [Ca(2+)](i) and MMP in PC12 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation injury. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1043-8. [PMID: 22917477 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is usually up-regulated to provide more ATP in response to starvation or OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation), but the relationship between autophagy and ATP, [Ca2+]i (intracellular free Ca2+ concentration) or MMP (mitochondrial membrane potential) during reoxygenation is not yet fully clear. The role of autophagy is unknown in PC12 cells subjected to 2 h OGD with different time points of reoxygenation. In the present study, we showed that Beclin-1 was up-regulated beginning at 0 h reoxygenation peaking at 24 h and lasting for 48 h. Cell viability was decreased from 0 to 48 h reoxygenation, reaching its minimum at 10 h reoxygenation. ATP was decreased from 0 to 10 h reoxygenation, reaching its minimum at 4 h reoxygenation. A significant negative correlation was observed between ATP and Beclin-1 (r = -0.61, P<0.05) at 0 h reoxygenation, but ATP was not significant related (r = 0.24, P>0.05) to Beclin-1 at 24 h reoxygenation. Besides, Nimodipine, a calcium antagonist, significantly reduced [Ca2+]i and Beclin-1, but increased MMP in OGD/R-treated cells. At 24 h reoxygenation, Beclin-1 expression reached its maximum, cell viability continued to increase, and ATP was higher than that before OGD. These results suggest that energy metabolism dysfunction can induce autophagy during OGD in PC12 cells. Increased [Ca2+]i and decreased MMP may induce autophagy during reoxygenation in PC12 cells. Autophagy may be a protective effect on PC12 cells treated with different time points of reoxygenation after 2 h OGD.
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Protective Effects of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:951-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ni Z, Zhuge Z, Li W, Xu H, Zhang Z, Dai H. Inhibitory effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on the formation of advanced glycation end products in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2050-3. [PMID: 22971594 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the inhibitory effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the protein glycation in vitro. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose assay, BSA-methylglyoxal (MGO) assay, and N-acetylglycyl-lysine methyl ester (G.K.) peptide-ribose assay, inhibitory effects of HSYA were investigated. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) production was assessed by AGEs-specific fluorescence and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In BSA-glucose assay, HSYA concentration dependently decreased AGEs formation, with maximum inhibitory effects at 1 mM by 95%. Further more, HSYA also showed significant inhibitory effects on MGO-medicated protein modification and subsequent cross-linking of proteins. Finally, when co-incubated with G.K. peptide and ribose, HSYA exhibited its antiglycation effects, and the maximum inhibitory effects of HSYA at 1 mM were 84%. Overall, our present study provides the first evidence of the antiglycation effects of HSYA on AGEs formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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