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Li X, Wang H, Qi X, Ji Y, Li F, Chen X, Li K, Li L. PCR Independent Strategy-Based Biosensors for RNA Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:200. [PMID: 38667193 PMCID: PMC11048163 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
RNA is an important information and functional molecule. It can respond to the regulation of life processes and is also a key molecule in gene expression and regulation. Therefore, RNA detection technology has been widely used in many fields, especially in disease diagnosis, medical research, genetic engineering and other fields. However, the current RT-qPCR for RNA detection is complex, costly and requires the support of professional technicians, resulting in it not having great potential for rapid application in the field. PCR-free techniques are the most attractive alternative. They are a low-cost, simple operation method and do not require the support of large instruments, providing a new concept for the development of new RNA detection methods. This article reviews current PCR-free methods, overviews reported RNA biosensors based on electrochemistry, SPR, microfluidics, nanomaterials and CRISPR, and discusses their challenges and future research prospects in RNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Yi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Fukai Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (F.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (X.Q.); (F.L.)
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Kong W, Li X, Guo X, Sun Y, Chai W, Chang Y, Huang Q, Wang P, Wang X. Ultrasound-Assisted CRISPRi-Exosome for Epigenetic Modification of α-Synuclein Gene in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7837-7851. [PMID: 38437635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD patients, aberrant methylation of SNCA (α-synuclein gene) has been reported and may be a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we established an epigenetic regulation platform based on an exosomal CRISPR intervention system. With the assist of focused ultrasound (FUS) opening the blood-brain barrier, engineered exosomes carrying RVG (rabies viral glycoprotein) targeting peptide, sgRNA (single guide RNA), and dCas9-DNMT3A (named RVG-CRISPRi-Exo) were efficiently delivered into the brain lesions and induced specific methylation of SNCA. In vivo, FUS combined with RVG-CRISPRi-Exo significantly improved motor performance, balance coordination, and neurosensitivity in PD mice, greatly down-regulated the elevation of α-synuclein (α-syn) caused by modeling, rescued cell apoptosis, and alleviated the progression of PD in mice. [18F]-FP-DTBZ imaging suggested that the synaptic function of the nigrostriatal pathway could be restored, which was conducive to the control of motor behavior in PD mice. Pyrosequencing results showed that RVG-CRISPRi-Exo could methylate CpG at specific sites of SNCA, and this fine-tuned editing achieved good therapeutic effects in PD model mice. In vitro, RVG-CRISPRi-Exo down-regulated SNCA transcripts and α-syn expression and relieved neuronal cell damage. Collectively, our findings provide a proof-of-principle for the development of targeted brain nanodelivery based on engineered exosomes and provide insights into epigenetic regulation of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenyu Chai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yawei Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qichao Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, #620 West Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710119, China
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3
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Jiang H, Tang M, Xu Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zheng S, Zhu J, Lin Z, Zhang M. CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications in nervous system diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:675-686. [PMID: 37692518 PMCID: PMC10491921 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is an acquired immune system of many bacteria and archaea, comprising CRISPR loci, Cas genes, and its associated proteins. This system can recognize exogenous DNA and utilize the Cas9 protein's nuclease activity to break DNA double-strand and to achieve base insertion or deletion by subsequent DNA repair. In recent years, multiple laboratory and clinical studies have revealed the therapeutic role of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in neurological diseases. This article reviews the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology and its potential for clinical application against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengyan Tang
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shuyin Zheng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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Yao MF, Dang T, Wang HJ, Zhu XZ, Qiao C. Mitochondrial homeostasis regulation: A promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114811. [PMID: 38103871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs) which consist of α-synuclein (α-syn) and a complex mix of other biomolecules. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely believed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. But mitochondrial dysfunction is subject to complex genetic regulation. There is increasing evidence that PD-related genes directly or indirectly affect mitochondrial integrity. Therefore, targeted regulation of mitochondrial function has great clinical application prospects in the treatment of PD. However, lots of PD drugs targeting mitochondria have been developed but their clinical therapeutic effects are not ideal. This review aims to reveal the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases based on the mitochondrial structure and function, which may highlight potential interventions and therapeutic targets for the development of PD drugs to recover mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmabcy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Morshedzadeh F, Ghanei M, Lotfi M, Ghasemi M, Ahmadi M, Najari-Hanjani P, Sharif S, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Peymani M, Abbaszadegan MR. An Update on the Application of CRISPR Technology in Clinical Practice. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:179-197. [PMID: 37269466 PMCID: PMC10239226 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system, an innovative gene-editing tool, is emerging as a promising technique for genome modifications. This straightforward technique was created based on the prokaryotic adaptive immune defense mechanism and employed in the studies on human diseases that proved enormous therapeutic potential. A genetically unique patient mutation in the process of gene therapy can be corrected by the CRISPR method to treat diseases that traditional methods were unable to cure. However, introduction of CRISPR/Cas9 into the clinic will be challenging because we still need to improve the technology's effectiveness, precision, and applications. In this review, we first describe the function and applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We next delineate how this technology could be utilized for gene therapy of various human disorders, including cancer and infectious diseases and highlight the promising examples in the field. Finally, we document current challenges and the potential solutions to overcome these obstacles for the effective use of CRISPR-Cas9 in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Morshedzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Najari-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sharif
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tripathi RK, Goyal L, Singh S. Potential Therapeutic Approach using Aromatic l-amino Acid Decarboxylase and Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor Therapy Targeting Putamen in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:278-291. [PMID: 38310455 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232283842240102073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by specific loss of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in impaired motor movement. Its prevalence is twice as compared to the previous 25 years and affects more than 10 million individuals. Lack of treatment still uses levodopa and other options as disease management measures. Treatment shifts to gene therapy (GT), which utilizes direct delivery of specific genes at the targeted area. Therefore, the use of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy achieves an effective control to treat PD. Patients diagnosed with PD may experience improved therapeutic outcomes by reducing the frequency of drug administration while utilizing provasin and AADC as dopaminergic protective therapy. Enhancing the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glucocorticoid hormone (GCH), and AADC in the striatum would be useful for external L-DOPA to restore the dopamine (DA) level. Increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also be beneficial in PD. Targeting GDNF therapy specifically to the putaminal region is clinically sound and beneficial in protecting the dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies supported the role of GDNF in exhibiting its neuroprotective effect in neurological disorders. Another Ret receptor, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase family, is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and sounds to play a vital role in inhibiting the advancement of PD. GDNF binding on those receptors results in the formation of a receptor-ligand complex. On the other hand, venous delivery of recombinant GDNF by liposome-based and encapsulated cellular approaches enables the secure and effective distribution of neurotrophic factors into the putamen and parenchyma. The current review emphasized the rate of GT target GDNF and AADC therapy, along with the corresponding empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Lav Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Sorourian S, Behzad Behbahani A, Forouzanfar M, Jafarinia M, Safari F. Time and Cost-Effective Genome Editing Protocol for Simultaneous Caspase 8 Associated Protein 2 Gene Knock in/out in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9 System. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3714. [PMID: 38827341 PMCID: PMC11139449 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.398567.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background CHO cells are preferred for producing biopharmaceuticals, and genome editing technologies offer opportunities to enhance recombinant protein production. Targeting apoptosis-related genes, such as Caspases 8-Associated Protein 2 (CASP8AP2), improves CHO cell viability and productivity. Integrating robust strategies with the CRISPR-Cas9 system enables its application in CHO cell engineering. Objectives This study was performed to develop a cost-effective protocol using the CRISPR-Cas9 system combined with the HITI strategy for simultaneous CASP8AP2 gene deletion/insertion in CHO cells and to assess its impact on cell viability and protein expression. Materials and Methods We developed an efficient protocol for CHO cell engineering by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with the HITI strategy. Two distinct sgRNA sequences were designed to target the 3' UTR region of the CASP8AP2 gene using CHOPCHOP software. The gRNAs were cloned into PX459 and PX460-1 vectors and transfected into CHO cells using the cost-effective PEI reagent. A manual selection system was employed to streamline the process of single-cell cloning. MTT assays assessed gene silencing and cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Flow cytometry evaluated protein expression in CASP8AP2-silenced CHO cells. Results The study confirmed the robustness of combining CRISPR-Cas9 with the HITI strategy, achieving a high 60% efficiency in generating knockout clones. PEI transfection successfully delivered the constructs to nearly 65% of the clones, with the majority being homozygous. The protocol proved feasible for resource-limited labs, requiring only an inverted fluorescent microscope. CASP8AP2 knockout (CHO-KO) cells exhibited significantly extended cell viability compared to CHO-K1 cells when treated with NaBu, with IC50 values of 7.28 mM and 14.25 mM at 48 hours, respectively (P-value 24 hours ≤ 0.0001, 48 hours ≤ 0.0001, P-value 72 hours = 0.0007). CHO CASP8AP2-silenced cells showed a 1.3-fold increase in JRed expression compared to native cells. Conclusions CRISPR-Cas9 and HITI strategy was used to efficiently engineer CHO cells for simultaneous CASP8AP2 gene deletion/insertion, which improved cell viability and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Sorourian
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Jafarinia
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khananshvili D. Neuronal and astrocyte NCX isoform/splice variants: How do they participate in Na + and Ca 2+ signalling? Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102818. [PMID: 37918135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 gene isoforms and their splice variants are characteristically expressed in different regions of the brain. The tissue-specific splice variants of NCX1-3 isoforms show specific expression profiles in neurons and astrocytes, whereas the relevant NCX isoform/splice variants exhibit diverse allosteric modes of Na+- and Ca2+-dependent regulation. In general, overexpression of NCX1-3 genes leads to neuroprotective effects, whereas their ablation gains the opposite results. At this end, the partial contributions of NCX isoform/splice variants to neuroprotective effects remain unresolved. The glutamate-dependent Na+ entry generates Na+ transients (in response to neuronal cell activities), whereas the Na+-driven Ca2+ entry (through the reverse NCX mode) raises Ca2+ transients. This special mode of signal coupling translates Na+ transients into the Ca2+ signals while being a part of synaptic neurotransmission. This mechanism is of general interest since disease-related conditions (ischemia, metabolic stress, and stroke among many others) trigger Na+ and Ca2+ overload with deadly outcomes of downstream apoptosis and excitotoxicity. The recently discovered mechanisms of NCX allosteric regulation indicate that some NCX variants might play a critical role in the dynamic coupling of Na+-driven Ca2+ entry. In contrast, the others are less important or even could be dangerous under altered conditions (e.g., metabolic stress). This working hypothesis can be tested by applying advanced experimental approaches and highly focused computational simulations. This may allow the development of structure-based blockers/activators that can selectively modulate predefined NCX variants to lessen the life-threatening outcomes of excitotoxicity, ischemia, apoptosis, metabolic deprivation, brain injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Wu DD, Salah YA, Ngowi EE, Zhang YX, Khattak S, Khan NH, Wang Y, Li T, Guo ZH, Wang YM, Ji XY. Nanotechnology prospects in brain therapeutics concerning gene-targeting and nose-to-brain administration. iScience 2023; 26:107321. [PMID: 37554468 PMCID: PMC10405259 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are one of the most pressing issues in modern times worldwide. It thus possesses explicit attention from researchers and medical health providers to guard public health against such an expanding threat. Various treatment modalities have been developed in a remarkably short time but, unfortunately, have yet to lead to the wished-for efficacy or the sought-after clinical improvement. The main hurdle in delivering therapeutics to the brain has always been the blood-brain barrier which still represents an elusive area with lots of mysteries yet to be solved. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has emerged as an optimistic platform that is potentially holding the answer to many of our questions on how to deliver drugs and treat CNS disorders using novel technologies rather than the unsatisfying conventional old methods. Nanocarriers can be engineered in a way that is capable of delivering a certain therapeutic cargo to a specific target tissue. Adding to this mind-blowing nanotechnology, the revolutionizing gene-altering biologics can have the best of both worlds, and pave the way for the long-awaited cure to many diseases, among those diseases thus far are Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain tumors (glioma and glioblastoma), Down syndrome, stroke, and even cases with HIV. The review herein collects the studies that tested the mixture of both sciences, nanotechnology, and epigenetics, in the context of brain therapeutics using three main categories of gene-altering molecules (siRNA, miRNA, and CRISPR) with a special focus on the advancements regarding the new favorite, intranasal route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yasmine Ahmed Salah
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zi-Hua Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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11
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Lyra P, Machado V, Rota S, Chaudhuri KR, Botelho J, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Alpha-Synuclein Pathways to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087137. [PMID: 37108299 PMCID: PMC10138587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a short presynaptic protein with an active role on synaptic vesicle traffic and the neurotransmitter release and reuptake cycle. The α-Syn pathology intertwines with the formation of Lewy Bodies (multiprotein intraneuronal aggregations), which, combined with inflammatory events, define various α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on α-Syn mechanistic pathways to inflammation, as well as the eventual role of microbial dysbiosis on α-Syn. Furthermore, we explore the possible influence of inflammatory mitigation on α-Syn. In conclusion, and given the rising burden of neurodegenerative disorders, it is pressing to clarify the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies, in order to consider the mitigation of existing low-grade chronic inflammatory states as a potential pathway toward the management and prevention of such conditions, with the aim of starting to search for concrete clinical recommendations in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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12
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Kumaran A, Jude Serpes N, Gupta T, James A, Sharma A, Kumar D, Nagraik R, Kumar V, Pandey S. Advancements in CRISPR-Based Biosensing for Next-Gen Point of Care Diagnostic Application. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:202. [PMID: 36831968 PMCID: PMC9953454 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the move of molecular tests from diagnostic labs to on-site testing becoming more common, there is a sudden rise in demand for nucleic acid-based diagnostic tools that are selective, sensitive, flexible to terrain changes, and cost-effective to assist in point-of-care systems for large-scale screening and to be used in remote locations in cases of outbreaks and pandemics. CRISPR-based biosensors comprise a promising new approach to nucleic acid detection, which uses Cas effector proteins (Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13) as extremely specialized identification components that may be used in conjunction with a variety of readout approaches (such as fluorescence, colorimetry, potentiometry, lateral flow assay, etc.) for onsite analysis. In this review, we cover some technical aspects of integrating the CRISPR Cas system with traditional biosensing readout methods and amplification technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and continue to elaborate on the prospects of the developed biosensor in the detection of some major viral and bacterial diseases. Within the scope of this article, we also discuss the recent COVID pandemic and the numerous CRISPR biosensors that have undergone development since its advent. Finally, we discuss some challenges and future prospects of CRISPR Cas systems in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumaran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nathan Jude Serpes
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tisha Gupta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abija James
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vaneet Kumar
- Department of Natural Science, CT University, Ludhiana 142024, Punjab, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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13
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Xue J, Wu Y, Bao Y, Zhao M, Li F, Sun J, Sun Y, Wang J, Chen L, Mao Y, Schweitzer JS, Song B. Clinical considerations in Parkinson's disease cell therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101792. [PMID: 36402405 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is an area of increasing interest for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). However, to become a clinically practical option for PD patients, it must first overcome significant barriers, including establishment of safe and standardized surgical procedures, determination of appropriate perioperative medication regimens, demonstration of long-term graft survival and incorporation, and standardized, clinically meaningful follow-up measures. In this review, we will describe the current status of cell therapy for PD with special attention to these critical requirements, to define guideposts on the road to bring the benefit of this therapy to the Parkinson's clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuting Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Minglai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jeffrey S Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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14
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Chopade P, Chopade N, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S, Liao R, Chandran Suja V. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10367. [PMID: 36684083 PMCID: PMC9842041 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions and costing billions each year in the United States alone. Despite tremendous progress in developing therapeutics that manage the symptoms of these two diseases, the scientific community has yet to develop a treatment that effectively slows down, inhibits, or cures neurodegeneration. To gain a better understanding of the current therapeutic frontier for the treatment of AD and PD, we provide a review on past and present therapeutic strategies for these two major neurodegenerative disorders in the clinical trial process. We briefly recap currently US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, and then explore trends in clinical trials across the variables of therapy mechanism of disease intervention, administration route, use of delivery vehicle, and outcome measures, across the clinical phases over time for "Drug" and "Biologic" therapeutics. We then present the success rate of past clinical trials and analyze the intersections in therapeutic approaches for AD and PD, revealing the shift in clinical trials away from therapies targeting neurotransmitter systems that provide symptomatic relief, and towards anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regeneration strategies that aim to inhibit the root causes of disease progression. We also highlight the evolving distribution of the types of "Biologic" therapies investigated, and the slowly increasing yet still severe under-utilization of delivery vehicles for AD and PD therapeutics. We then briefly discuss novel preclinical strategies for treating AD and PD. Overall, this review aims to provide a succinct overview of the clinical landscape of AD and PD therapies to better understand the field's therapeutic strategy in the past and the field's evolution in approach to the present, to better inform how to effectively treat AD and PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rick Liao
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vineeth Chandran Suja
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Zheng X, Li Y, Yuan M, Shen Y, Chen S, Duan G. Rapid detection of HPV16/18 based on a CRISPR-Cas13a/Cas12a dual-channel system. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:5065-5075. [PMID: 36449008 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the developing world, with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Early detection of HPV, especially high-risk HPV types, is essential to prevent disease progression. METHODS in this study, we established a highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid assay based on a CRISPR-Cas13a/Cas12a dual-channel system combined with multiplex RAA for rapid detection and typing of HPV16/18, which provides a new idea for cervical cancer screening. To meet the application of field testing, we designed a portable fluorescence imaging assay that can judge the test results directly with the naked eye or through cell phone imaging. RESULTS the lower limit of detection for both HPV16 and HPV18 based on the CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a dual-channel assay was 100 copies per μL. The dual-channel assay was validated with 55 clinical samples, showing 97.06% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 96.55% negative predictive value. The results of the portable fluorescence imaging assay were fully comparable to those of the real-time fluorescent RAA-based CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a dual-channel assay. CONCLUSIONS this developed portable dual gene assay platform may provide new technical support for cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yuankun Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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16
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CRISPR/Cas9 system: a reliable and facile genome editing tool in modern biology. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12133-12150. [PMID: 36030476 PMCID: PMC9420241 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genome engineering has always been a versatile technique in biological research and medicine, with several applications. In the last several years, the discovery of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology has swept the scientific community and revolutionised the speed of modern biology, heralding a new era of disease detection and rapid biotechnology discoveries. It enables successful gene editing by producing targeted double-strand breaks in virtually any organism or cell type. So, this review presents a comprehensive knowledge about the mechanism and structure of Cas9-mediated RNA-guided DNA targeting and cleavage. In addition, genome editing via CRISPR-Cas9 technology in various animals which are being used as models in scientific research including Non-Human Primates Pigs, Dogs, Zebra, fish and Drosophila has been discussed in this review. This review also aims to understand the applications, serious concerns and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing.
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17
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Zhu J, Li C, Fang Z, Chen K, Zhang Y. An updated review of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods in the context of a novel coronavirus pandemic. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10356. [PMID: 35942232 PMCID: PMC9349698 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has reported approximately 430 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), worldwide, including nearly 6 million deaths, since its initial appearance in China in 2019. While the number of diagnosed cases continues to increase, the need for technologies that can accurately and rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 virus infection at early phases continues to grow, and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for virtually hundreds of diagnostic tests based on nucleic acid molecules and antigen-antibody serology assays. Among them, the quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay is considered the gold standard for early phase virus detection. Unfortunately, qRT-PCR still suffers from disadvantages such as the complex test process and the occurrence of false negatives; therefore, new nucleic acid detection devices and serological testing technologies are being developed. However, because of the emergence of strongly infectious mutants of the new coronavirus, such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), the need for the specific detection of mutant strains is also increasing. Therefore, this article reviews nucleic acid- and antigen-antibody-based serological assays, and compares the performance of some of the most recent FDA-approved and literature-reported assays and associated kits for the specific testing of new coronavirus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chaonan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhongbiao Fang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
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18
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Stanciu GD, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Bild V, Tamba BI. Exploring the Involvement of the Amyloid Precursor Protein A673T Mutation against Amyloid Pathology and Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Therapeutic Editing Tools. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1270. [PMID: 35745842 PMCID: PMC9228826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is biologically defined as a complex neurodegenerative condition with a multilayered nature that leads to a progressive decline in cognitive function and irreversible neuronal loss. It is one of the primary diseases among elderly individuals. With an increasing incidence and a high failure rate for pharmaceutical options that are merely symptom-targeting and supportive with many side effects, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies. Despite extensive knowledge on the molecular basis of AD, progress concerning effective disease-modifying therapies has proven to be a challenge. The ability of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to help identify target molecules or to generate new preclinical disease models could shed light on the pathogenesis of AD and provide promising therapeutic possibilities. Here, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the involvement of the A673T mutation in amyloid pathology, focusing on its roles in protective mechanisms against AD, in relation to the recent status of available therapeutic editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Razvan Nicolae Rusu
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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19
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Yoon HH, Ye S, Lim S, Jo A, Lee H, Hong F, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Kim NR, Kim K, Kim BJ, Kim H, Lee CJ, Nam MH, Hur JW, Jeon SR. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Protects from the A53T-SNCA Overexpression-Induced Pathology of Parkinson's Disease In Vivo. CRISPR J 2022; 5:95-108. [PMID: 35191750 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in specific genes, including synuclein alpha (SNCA) that encodes the α-synuclein protein, are known to be risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as critical factors for familial PD. In particular, A53T-mutated SNCA (A53T-SNCA) is a well-studied familial pathologic mutation in PD. However, techniques for deletion of the mutated SNCA gene in vivo have not been developed. Here, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to delete A53T-SNCA in vitro as well as in vivo. Adeno-associated virus carrying SaCas9-KKH with a single-guide RNA targeting A53T-SNCA significantly reduced A53T-SNCA expression levels in vitro. Furthermore, we tested its therapeutic potential in vivo in a viral A53T-SNCA-overexpressing rat model of PD. Gene deletion of A53T-SNCA significantly rescued the overexpression of α-synuclein, reactive microgliosis, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and parkinsonian motor symptoms. Our findings propose CRISPR-Cas9 system as a potential prevention strategy for A53T-SNCA-specific PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ho Yoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghyeok Ye
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhwa Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hawon Lee
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Felix Hong
- RnD center, GeneCker, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea; and Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junseok W Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Jeon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Durell SR, Guy HR. The amyloid concentric β-barrel hypothesis: Models of synuclein oligomers, annular protofibrils, lipoproteins, and transmembrane channels. Proteins 2022; 90:512-542. [PMID: 34570382 PMCID: PMC8988847 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ of Alzheimer's disease) and α-synuclein (α-Syn of Parkinson's disease) form large fibrils. Evidence is increasing however that much smaller oligomers are more toxic and that these oligomers can form transmembrane ion channels. We have proposed previously that Aβ42 oligomers, annular protofibrils, and ion channels adopt concentric β-barrel molecular structures. Here we extend that hypothesis to the superfamily of α, β, and γ-synucleins. Our models of numerous synuclein oligomers, annular protofibrils, tubular protofibrils, lipoproteins, and ion channels were developed to be consistent with sizes, shapes, molecular weights, and secondary structures of assemblies as determined by electron microscopy and other studies. The models have the following features: (1) all subunits have identical structures and interactions; (2) they are consistent with conventional β-barrel theory; (3) the distance between walls of adjacent β-barrels is between 0.6 and 1.2 nm; (4) hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, interactions among aromatic side-chains, burial and tight packing of hydrophobic side-chains, and aqueous solvent exposure of hydrophilic side-chains are relatively optimal; and (5) residues that are identical among distantly related homologous proteins cluster in the interior of most oligomers whereas residues that are hypervariable are exposed on protein surfaces. Atomic scale models of some assemblies were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - H Robert Guy
- Amyloid Research Consultants (ARC), Cochiti Lake, New Mexico, USA
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21
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Wei Hou ZZ, Chen S. Updates on CRISPR-based gene editing in HIV-1/AIDS therapy. Virol Sin 2022; 37:1-10. [PMID: 35234622 PMCID: PMC8922418 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), although able to suppress HIV-1 replication, cannot eliminate the proviral DNA integrated into the human genome and thus requires lifelong treatment that may lead to various side effects. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) related gene-editing systems have been developed and designed as effective ways to treat HIV-1 infection. However, new gene-targeting tools derived from or functioning like CRISPR/Cas9, including base editor, prime editing, SHERLOCK, DETECTR, PAC-MAN, ABACAS, pfAGO, have been developed and optimized for pathogens detection and diseases correction. Here, we summarize recent studies on HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy and provide more gene-editing targets based on studies relating to the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 infection. We also identify the strategies and potential applications of these new gene-editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment in the future. Moreover, we discuss the caveats and problems that should be addressed before the clinical use of these versatile CRISPR-based gene targeting tools. Finally, we offer alternative solutions to improve the practice of gene targeting in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy. New gene-targeting tools derived from CRISPR/Cas9 have been introduced. Recent researches in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy have been summarized. The strategies and potential applications of new gene editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment have been provided. The caveats and challenges in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy have been discussed.
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22
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CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Therapy in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:968-982. [PMID: 34813019 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are primarily diseases with sophisticated etiology that are always refractory and recrudescent. The major obstruction to effective therapies for neurological disorders is the poor understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms. CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which allows precise and effective gene editing in almost any cell type and organism, is accelerating the pace of basic biological research. An increasing number of groups are focusing on uncovering the molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders and developing novel therapies using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. This review highlights the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dravet syndrome, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Hopefully, it will improve our understanding of neurological disorders and give insights into future treatments for neurological disorders.
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23
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Prasuhn J, Brüggemann N. Gene Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111840. [PMID: 34828446 PMCID: PMC8623067 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a pathophysiological hallmark of disease onset and progression in patients with Parkinsonian disorders. Besides the overall emergence of gene therapies in treating these patients, this highly relevant molecular concept has not yet been defined as a target for gene therapeutic approaches. Methods: This narrative review will discuss the experimental evidence suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a viable treatment target in patients with monogenic and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. In addition, we will focus on general treatment strategies and crucial challenges which need to be overcome. Results: Our current understanding of mitochondrial biology in parkinsonian disorders opens up the avenue for viable treatment strategies in Parkinsonian disorders. Insights can be obtained from primary mitochondrial diseases. However, substantial knowledge gaps and unique challenges of mitochondria-targeted gene therapies need to be addressed to provide innovative treatments in the future. Conclusions: Mitochondria-targeted gene therapies are a potential strategy to improve an important primary disease mechanism in Parkinsonian disorders. However, further studies are needed to address the unique design challenges for mitochondria-targeted gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Arango D, Bittar A, Esmeral NP, Ocasión C, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Bloch NI. Understanding the Potential of Genome Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9241. [PMID: 34502143 PMCID: PMC8430539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is a simple and cost-efficient gene-editing technique that has become increasingly popular over the last decades. Various CRISPR/Cas-based applications have been developed to introduce changes in the genome and alter gene expression in diverse systems and tissues. These novel gene-editing techniques are particularly promising for investigating and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, for which we currently lack efficient disease-modifying treatment options. Gene therapy could thus provide treatment alternatives, revolutionizing our ability to treat this disease. Here, we review our current knowledge on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease to highlight the main biological pathways that become disrupted in Parkinson's disease and their potential as gene therapy targets. Next, we perform a comprehensive review of novel delivery vehicles available for gene-editing applications, critical for their successful application in both innovative research and potential therapies. Finally, we review the latest developments in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies to understand and treat Parkinson's disease. We carefully examine their advantages and shortcomings for diverse gene-editing applications in the brain, highlighting promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arango
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Amaury Bittar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Natalia P. Esmeral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Camila Ocasión
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
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25
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α-synuclein pathogenesis in hiPSC models of Parkinson's disease. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210021. [PMID: 34239711 PMCID: PMC8222967 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein is an increasingly prominent player in the pathology of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Typical of PD pathology is the finding of protein aggregations termed ‘Lewy bodies’ in the brain regions affected. α-synuclein is implicated in many disease states including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease. However, PD is the most common synucleinopathy and continues to be a significant focus of PD research in terms of the α-synuclein Lewy body pathology. Mutations in several genes are associated with PD development including SNCA, which encodes α-synuclein. A variety of model systems have been employed to study α-synuclein physiology and pathophysiology in an attempt to relate more closely to PD pathology. These models include cellular and animal system exploring transgenic technologies, viral vector expression and knockdown approaches, and models to study the potential prion protein-like effects of α-synuclein. The current review focuses on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models with a specific focus on mutations or multiplications of the SNCA gene. iPSCs are a rapidly evolving technology with huge promise in the study of normal physiology and disease modeling in vitro. The ability to maintain a patient’s genetic background and replicate similar cell phenotypes make iPSCs a powerful tool in the study of neurological diseases. This review focuses on the current knowledge about α-synuclein physiological function as well as its role in PD pathogenesis based on human iPSC models.
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26
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Zhang T, Li W, Qiu X, Liu B, Li G, Feng C, Liao J, Lin K. [CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TEAD1 knockout induces phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in diabetic rats with erectile dysfunction]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:567-573. [PMID: 33963717 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a corpus cavemosum smooth muscle cell (CCSMCs) line with TEAD1 knockout from diabetic rats with erectile dysfunction (ED) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and explore the role of TEAD1 in phenotypic modulation of CCSMCs in diabetic rats with ED. OBJECTIVE Models of diabetic ED were established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. CCSMCs from the rat models were primarily cultured and identified with immunofluorescence assay. Three sgRNAs (sgRNA-1, sgRNA-2 and sgRNA-3) were transfected via lentiviral vectors into 293T cells to prepare the sgRNA-Cas9 lentivirus. CCSMCs from diabetic rats with ED were infected by the lentivirus, and the cellular expression of TEAD1 protein was detected using Western blotting. In CCSMCs infected with the sgRNA-Cas9 lentivirus (CCSMCs-sgRNA-2), or the empty lentiviral vector (CCSMCs-sgRNA-NC) and the blank control cells (CCSMCs-CK), the expressions of cellular phenotypic markers SMMHC, calponin and PCNA at the mRNA and protein levels were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. OBJECTIVE The primarily cultured CCSMCs from diabetic rats with ED showed a high α-SMA-positive rate of over 95%. The recombinant lentivirus of TEAD1-sgRNA was successfully packaged, and stable TEAD1-deficient CCSMC lines derived from diabetic rat with ED were obtained. Western blotting confirmed that the protein expression of TEAD1 in TEAD1-sgRNA-2 group was the lowest (P < 0.05), and this cell line was used in subsequent experiment. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed significantly up-regulated expressions of SMMHC and calponin (all P < 0.05) and down-regulated expression of PCNA (all P < 0.05) at both the mRNA and protein levels in TEAD1-deficient CCSMCs from diabetic rats with ED. OBJECTIVE We successfully constructed a stable CCSMCs line with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TEAD1 knockout from diabetic rats with ED. TEAD1 gene knockout can induce phenotype transformation of the CCSMCs from diabetic rats with ED from the synthetic to the contractile type.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - C Feng
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - J Liao
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - K Lin
- Department of Urology, Second Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
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27
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Coccia E, Ahfeldt T. Towards physiologically relevant human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) models of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:253. [PMID: 33926571 PMCID: PMC8082939 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem cells followed by the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells and leaps in genome editing approaches have continuously fueled enthusiasm for the development of new models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is characterized by the relative selective loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in specific areas of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). While degeneration in late stages can be widespread, there is stereotypic early degeneration of these uniquely vulnerable neurons. Various causes of selective vulnerability have been investigated but much remains unclear. Most studies have sought to identify cell autonomous properties of the most vulnerable neurons. However, recent findings from genetic studies and model systems have added to our understanding of non-cell autonomous contributions including regional-specific neuro-immune interactions with astrocytes, resident or damage-activated microglia, neuro-glia cell metabolic interactions, involvement of endothelial cells, and damage to the vascular system. All of these contribute to specific vulnerability and, along with aging and environmental factors, might be integrated in a complex stressor-threshold model of neurodegeneration. In this forward-looking review, we synthesize recent advances in the field of PD modeling using human pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on organoid and complex co-culture models of the nigrostriatal niche, with emerging CRISPR applications to edit or perturb expression of causal PD genes and associated risk factors, such as GBA, to understand the impact of these genes on relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, US.
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28
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Piergentili R, Del Rio A, Signore F, Umani Ronchi F, Marinelli E, Zaami S. CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050969. [PMID: 33919194 PMCID: PMC8143109 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system is a powerful tool for in vivo editing the genome of most organisms, including man. During the years this technique has been applied in several fields, such as agriculture for crop upgrade and breeding including the creation of allergy-free foods, for eradicating pests, for the improvement of animal breeds, in the industry of bio-fuels and it can even be used as a basis for a cell-based recording apparatus. Possible applications in human health include the making of new medicines through the creation of genetically modified organisms, the treatment of viral infections, the control of pathogens, applications in clinical diagnostics and the cure of human genetic diseases, either caused by somatic (e.g., cancer) or inherited (mendelian disorders) mutations. One of the most divisive, possible uses of this system is the modification of human embryos, for the purpose of preventing or curing a human being before birth. However, the technology in this field is evolving faster than regulations and several concerns are raised by its enormous yet controversial potential. In this scenario, appropriate laws need to be issued and ethical guidelines must be developed, in order to properly assess advantages as well as risks of this approach. In this review, we summarize the potential of these genome editing techniques and their applications in human embryo treatment. We will analyze CRISPR-Cas limitations and the possible genome damage caused in the treated embryo. Finally, we will discuss how all this impacts the law, ethics and common sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBPM), 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Del Rio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.U.R.); (E.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma2, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Umani Ronchi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.U.R.); (E.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.U.R.); (E.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.U.R.); (E.M.); (S.Z.)
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29
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Safari F, Afarid M, Rastegari B, Borhani-Haghighi A, Barekati-Mowahed M, Behzad-Behbahani A. CRISPR systems: Novel approaches for detection and combating COVID-19. Virus Res 2021; 294:198282. [PMID: 33428981 PMCID: PMC7832022 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-guided, DNA and RNA-targeting effectors that allow specific gene knockdown. Cas12 and Cas13 are CRISPR proteins that are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. The programmability of these proteins paves the way for the detection and degradation of RNA viruses by targeting RNAs complementary to its CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Approximately two-thirds of viruses causing diseases contain ssRNA genomes. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has infected more than 88 million people worldwide with near 2 million deaths since December 2019. Thus, accurate and rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of this widespread infectious disease. For us, the CRISPR based platforms seem to be a plausible new approach for an accurate detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we talk about Cas12 and Cas13 CRISPR systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment of RNA virus mediated diseases. In continue, the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, and its conventional diagnostics and antivirals will be discussed. Moreover, we highlight novel CRISPR based diagnostic platforms and therapies for COVID-19. We also discuss the challenges of diagnostic CRISPR based platforms as well as clarifying the proposed solution for high efficient selective in vivo delivery of CRISPR components into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afarid
- Shooshtari Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mazyar Barekati-Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Karapurkar JK, Antao AM, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing for defective gene correction in humans and other mammals. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:185-229. [PMID: 34127194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), derived from bacterial and archean immune systems, has received much attention from the scientific community as a powerful, targeted gene editing tool. The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables a simple, relatively effortless and highly specific gene targeting strategy through temporary or permanent genome regulation or editing. This endonuclease has enabled gene correction by taking advantage of the endogenous homology directed repair (HDR) pathway to successfully target and correct disease-causing gene mutations. Numerous studies using CRISPR support the promise of efficient and simple genome manipulation, and the technique has been validated in in vivo and in vitro experiments, indicating its potential for efficient gene correction at any genomic loci. In this chapter, we detailed various strategies related to gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also outlined strategies to improve the efficiency of gene correction via the HDR pathway and to improve viral and non-viral mediated gene delivery methods, with an emphasis on their therapeutic potential for correcting genetic disorder in humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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31
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Frederiksen HR, Doehn U, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude KK. Non-immunogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Promising Way Forward for Allogenic Transplantations for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:623717. [PMID: 34713244 PMCID: PMC8525385 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.623717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorder is a general term used for diseases affecting the function of the brain and nervous system. Those include a broad range of diseases from developmental disorders (e.g., Autism) over injury related disorders (e.g., stroke and brain tumors) to age related neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), affecting up to 1 billion people worldwide. For most of those disorders, no curative treatment exists leaving symptomatic treatment as the primary mean of alleviation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in combination with animal models have been instrumental to foster our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms in the brain. Of specific interest are patient derived hiPSC which allow for targeted gene editing in the cases of known mutations. Such personalized treatment would include (1) acquisition of primary cells from the patient, (2) reprogramming of those into hiPSC via non-integrative methods, (3) corrective intervention via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of mutations, (4) quality control to ensure successful correction and absence of off-target effects, and (5) subsequent transplantation of hiPSC or pre-differentiated precursor cells for cell replacement therapies. This would be the ideal scenario but it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it would be of great benefit if transplanted hiPSC could be modulated to become invisible to the recipient's immune system, avoiding graft rejection and allowing for allogenic transplantations. This review will focus on the current status of gene editing to generate non-immunogenic hiPSC and how these cells can be used to treat neurological disorders by using cell replacement therapy. By providing an overview of current limitations and challenges in stem cell replacement therapies and the treatment of neurological disorders, this review outlines how gene editing and non-immunogenic hiPSC can contribute and pave the road for new therapeutic advances. Finally, the combination of using non-immunogenic hiPSC and in vivo animal modeling will highlight the importance of models with translational value for safety efficacy testing; before embarking on human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kristine K. Freude
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Okechukwu C. Deciphering and manipulating the epigenome for the treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Safari F, Farajnia S, Behzad Behbahani A, Zarredar H, Barekati-Mowahed M, Dehghani H. Caspase-7 deficiency in Chinese hamster ovary cells reduces cell proliferation and viability. Biol Res 2020; 53:52. [PMID: 33187557 PMCID: PMC7666471 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used mammalian host cell in the commercial-scale production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Modification of genes involved in apoptosis may improve the productivity of CHO cells. Executive caspases, including caspases 3 and 7, play critical roles in apoptosis. The effects of the ablation of the caspase 7 gene on proliferation and viability of CHO cells remains unknown. In this study, we applied clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9) to target caspase 7 gene of CHO K1 cell via all in one and homology targeted integration strategies. Consequently, the effect of caspase 7 deficiency on cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis was studied by MTT assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS Findings of gel electrophoresis, western blotting, and sequencing confirmed the caspase 7 gene silencing in CHO cells (CHO-KO). Proliferation assay revealed that caspase 7 deficiency in CHO cells resulted in the reduction of proliferation in various CHO-KO clones. Besides, the disruption of caspase 7 had negative effects on cell viability in exposure with NaBu which confirmed by MTT assay. Results of flow cytometry using Anexin V/PI demonstrated that Nabu treatment (11 mM) declined the percentage of live CHO-K1 and CHO-KO cells to 70.3% and 5.79%. These results verified that the CHO-K1 cells were more resistant to apoptosis than CHO-KO, however most of CHO-KO cells undergone early apoptosis (91.9%) which seems to be a fascinating finding. CONCLUSION These results reveal that caspase 7 may be involved in the cell cycle progression of CHO cells. Furthermore, it seems that targeting caspase 7 is not the ideal route as it had previously been imagined within the prevention of apoptosis but the relation between caspase 7 deficiency, cell cycle arrest, and the occurrence of early apoptosis will require more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mazyar Barekati-Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Duarte F, Déglon N. Genome Editing for CNS Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579062. [PMID: 33192264 PMCID: PMC7642486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders have a social and economic burden on modern societies, and the development of effective therapies is urgently required. Gene editing may prevent or cure a disease by inducing genetic changes at endogenous loci. Genome editing includes not only the insertion, deletion or replacement of nucleotides, but also the modulation of gene expression and epigenetic editing. Emerging technologies based on ZFs, TALEs, and CRISPR/Cas systems have extended the boundaries of genome manipulation and promoted genome editing approaches to the level of promising strategies for counteracting genetic diseases. The parallel development of efficient delivery systems has also increased our access to the CNS. In this review, we describe the various tools available for genome editing and summarize in vivo preclinical studies of CNS genome editing, whilst considering current limitations and alternative approaches to overcome some bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Duarte
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Safari F, Farajnia S, Ghasemi Y, Zarghami N, Barekati Mowahed M. Multiplex Genome Editing in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Using All-in-One and HITI CRISPR Technology. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:343-350. [PMID: 33880357 PMCID: PMC8046387 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has revolutionized gene manipulation by providing the opportunity of gene knock out/in, transcriptional modification and base editing. The application of this system extended into different eras of biology, from cell development to animal modeling. Various generations of CRISPR technology have been developed to make genome editing easy which resulted in rapid protocols for amelioration of a large genome. Methods: We established a simple protocol for gene manipulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to achieve a Caspase 7 deficient cell line by using combination of all-in-one CRISPR technology and CRISPR/Cas9 homology-independent targeted integration (CRISPR HITI). Results: the findings of this study indicated that using CRISPR knocking in/out technology facilitates genomic manipulation in CHO cells. Integration of EGFP in target locus of caspase 7 gene made the selection of knockout CHO cell line easy which achieved by cell sorting and single-cell cloning. Conclusion: this system introduces an effective targeting strategy for multiplex genome engineering, coinciding gene integration which simplified the selection of desired genomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mazyar Barekati Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
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Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:4. [PMID: 32076403 PMCID: PMC7006457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra alongside the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein-positive inclusions. Therapies to date have been directed to the restoration of the dopaminergic system, and the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the midbrain. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in PD as well as new and prospective therapies for the disease. The current data suggest that prevention or early treatment of PD may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. New advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD predict the development of more personalized and integral therapies in the years to come. Thus, the development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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Han F, Hu B. Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1266:21-38. [PMID: 33105493 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases caused by specific degeneration and loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra of the midbrain. PD is clinically characterized by motor dysfunctions and non-motor symptoms. Even though the dopamine replacement can improve the motor symptoms of PD, it cannot stop the neural degeneration and disease progression. Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the specific brain areas can improve the symptoms, but it eventually loses the effectiveness. Stem cell transplantation provides an exciting potential for the treatment of PD. Current available cell sources include neural stem cells (NSCs) from fetal brain tissues, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) isolated from blastocyst, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from the somatic cells such as the fibroblasts and blood cells. Here, we summarize the research advance in experimental and clinical studies to transplant these cells into animal models and clinical patients, and specifically highlight the studies to use hESCs /iPSCs-derived dopaminergic precursor cells and dopamine neurons for the treatment of PD, at last propose future challenges for developing clinical-grade dopaminergic cells for treating the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Han
- The Institute for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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