1
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Han Y, Liu X, Xu L, Wei Z, Gu Y, Ren Y, Hua W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhuang R, Hong W, Wang T. RILP Induces Cholesterol Accumulation in Lysosomes by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum-Endolysosome Interactions. Cells 2024; 13:1313. [PMID: 39195203 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-endolysosome interactions regulate cholesterol exchange between the ER and the endolysosome. ER-endolysosome membrane contact sites mediate the ER-endolysosome interaction. VAP-ORP1L (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein- OSBP-related protein 1L) interaction forms the major contact site between the ER and the lysosome, which is regulated by Rab7. RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein) is the downstream effector of Rab7, but its role in the organelle interaction between the ER and the lysosome is not clear. In this study, we found RILP interacts with ORP1L to competitively inhibit the formation of the VAP-ORP1L contact site. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that RILP induces late endosome/lysosome clustering, which reduces the contact of endolysosomes with the ER, interfering with the ER-endolysosome interaction. Further examination demonstrated that over-expression of RILP results in the accumulation of cholesterol in the clustered endolysosomes, which triggers cellular autophagy depending on RILP. Our results suggest that RILP interferes with the ER-endolysosome interaction to inhibit cholesterol flow from the endolysosome to the ER, which feedbacks to trigger autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liju Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yueting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yandan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Fang J, Lou S, Zhou X, Lou D, Zhou L, Bian R. Dihydromyricetin reverses capecitabine-induced peripheral myelin dysfunction through modulation of oxidative stress. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13833. [PMID: 38302079 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous clinical reports have shown that capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), can induce peripheral neuropathy, resulting in numbness, paresthesia and hypoesthesia. However, the mechanism through which capecitabine causes peripheral nerve injury remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that systemic administration of capecitabine leads to myelin abnormalities in the peripheral nerves of mice, which are possibly attributed to the death of Schwann cells, the myelinating cells in the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, our results show that 5-Fu induces significant oxidative stress in Schwann cells by inhibiting the expression of the anti-oxidative protein DJ-1, leading to a decrease in Schwann cell markers. We found that the anti-oxidant dihydromyricetin (DMY) reverses 5-Fu-induced Schwann cell death and oxidative stress and alleviates capecitabine-induced myelin abnormalities. Taken together, our data indicate that capecitabine induces peripheral myelin dysfunction by regulating DJ-1-mediated oxidative stress in Schwann cells and reveal DMY as a potential therapeutic strategy for capecitabine-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Emergency Department, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shuyi Lou
- National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dayong Lou
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxin, China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxin, China
| | - Rong Bian
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxin, China
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3
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Watanabe S, Murata Y, Oka Y, Oiwa K, Horiuchi M, Iguchi Y, Komine O, Sobue A, Katsuno M, Ogi T, Yamanaka K. Mitochondria-associated membrane collapse impairs TBK1-mediated proteostatic stress response in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2315347120. [PMID: 37967220 PMCID: PMC10666035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315347120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The organelle contact site of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, known as the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), is a multifunctional microdomain in cellular homeostasis. We previously reported that MAM disruption is a common pathological feature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the precise role of MAM in ALS was uncovered. Here, we show that the MAM is essential for TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activation under proteostatic stress conditions. A MAM-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, autocrine motility factor receptor, ubiquitinated nascent proteins to activate TBK1 at the MAM, which results in ribosomal protein degradation. MAM or TBK1 deficiency under proteostatic stress conditions resulted in increased cellular vulnerability in vitro and motor impairment in vivo. Thus, MAM disruption exacerbates proteostatic stress via TBK1 inactivation in ALS. Our study has revealed a proteostatic mechanism mediated by the MAM-TBK1 axis, highlighting the physiological importance of the organelle contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Murata
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Oka
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oiwa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mai Horiuchi
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Okiru Komine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Interactive Research and Academia Industry Collaboration Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Vrijsen S, Vrancx C, Del Vecchio M, Swinnen JV, Agostinis P, Winderickx J, Vangheluwe P, Annaert W. Inter-organellar Communication in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: Looking Beyond Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:900338. [PMID: 35801175 PMCID: PMC9253489 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are generally considered proteinopathies but whereas this may initiate disease in familial cases, onset in sporadic diseases may originate from a gradually disrupted organellar homeostasis. Herein, endolysosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and altered lipid metabolism are commonly observed in early preclinical stages of major NDs, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the multitude of underlying defective molecular mechanisms that have been suggested in the past decades, dysregulation of inter-organellar communication through the so-called membrane contact sites (MCSs) is becoming increasingly apparent. Although MCSs exist between almost every other type of subcellular organelle, to date, most focus has been put on defective communication between the ER and mitochondria in NDs, given these compartments are critical in neuronal survival. Contributions of other MCSs, notably those with endolysosomes and lipid droplets are emerging, supported as well by genetic studies, identifying genes functionally involved in lysosomal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the molecular identity of the organelle interactome in yeast and mammalian cells, and critically evaluate the evidence supporting the contribution of disturbed MCSs to the general disrupted inter-organellar homeostasis in NDs, taking PD and AD as major examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vrijsen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research and Therapy, VIB-Center for Cancer Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Trushina E, Trushin S, Hasan MF. Mitochondrial complex I as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:483-495. [PMID: 35256930 PMCID: PMC8897152 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly, has no cure. Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials. Novel therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed. Emerging data suggest that in response to environmental stress, mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response (ISR) shown to be beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. Here, we review data that implicate mitochondrial electron transport complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as a hub for small molecule-targeted therapeutics that could induce beneficial mitochondrial ISR. Specifically, partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has been exploited as a novel strategy for multiple human conditions, including AD, with several small molecules being tested in clinical trials. We discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this counterintuitive approach. Since this strategy has also been shown to enhance health and life span, the development of safe and efficacious complex I inhibitors could promote healthy aging, delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APP/PS1, amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CP2, tricyclic pyrone compound two
- Complex I inhibitors
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- FDG-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HIF-1α, hypoxia induced factor 1 α
- Healthy aging
- ISR, integrated stress response
- Integrated stress response
- LTP, long term potentiation
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MPTP, 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondria signaling
- Mitochondria targeted therapeutics
- NAD+ and NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NRF2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
- Neuroprotection
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- PMF, proton-motive force
- RNAi, RNA interference
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- T2DM, type II diabetes mellitus
- TCA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- mtUPR, mitochondrial unfolded protein response
- pTau, hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein
- ΔpH, proton gradient
- Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Md Fayad Hasan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Goel Y, Fouda R, Gupta K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Emerging Role of Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020265. [PMID: 35204148 PMCID: PMC8868275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant dose-limiting long-term sequela in cancer patients undergoing treatment, often leading to discontinuation of treatment. No established therapy exists to prevent and/or ameliorate CIPN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysregulation have been proposed to underlie the pathobiology of CIPN. However, interventions to prevent and treat CIPN are largely ineffective. Additional factors and mechanism-based targets need to be identified to develop novel strategies to target CIPN. The role of oxidative stress appears to be central, but the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remains under-examined in the pathobiology of CIPN. This review describes the significance of ER stress and its contribution to CIPN, the protective role of herbal agents in countering ER stress in nervous system-associated disorders, and their possible repurposing for preventing CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Goel
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Raghda Fouda
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (Y.G.); (R.F.)
- VA Medical Center, Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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PACS-2 attenuates diabetic kidney disease via the enhancement of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane formation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1107. [PMID: 34836936 PMCID: PMC8626491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The altered homeostasis of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) was closely associated with the pathological process of nervous system diseases and insulin resistance. Here, the exact implication of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PCAS-2), an anchor protein in the MAM interface, in diabetic kidney disease was investigated. In the kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mice and HG-induced HK-2 cells, a notable disruption of ER-mitochondria interactions, accompanied by a decreased PACS-2 expression in all subcellular fractions. Furthermore, PACS-2 knockout mice with diabetes displayed accelerated development of proteinuria, deterioration of kidney function, and aggravated disruption of MAM area, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, renal apoptosis, and fibrosis. However, overexpression of PACS-2 effectively protected diabetic kidneys and HG-treated HK-2 cells from renal tubular impairments. Importantly, experimental uncoupling of ER-mitochondria contacts reversed the protective effects of PACS-2 restoration on HK-2 cells under HG conditions. In summary, our data indicate a pivotal role of PACS-2 in the development of diabetic renal tubular injury via the stabilization of MAM.
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Proulx J, Park IW, Borgmann K. Cal'MAM'ity at the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Interface: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurodegeneration and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715945. [PMID: 34744606 PMCID: PMC8566765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle and serves as the primary site for intracellular calcium storage, lipid biogenesis, protein synthesis, and quality control. Mitochondria are responsible for producing the majority of cellular energy required for cell survival and function and are integral for many metabolic and signaling processes. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are direct contact sites between the ER and mitochondria that serve as platforms to coordinate fundamental cellular processes such as mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, calcium and lipid homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and intracellular stress responses. Given the importance of MAM-mediated mechanisms in regulating cellular fate and function, MAMs are now known as key molecular and cellular hubs underlying disease pathology. Notably, neurons are uniquely susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular stress, which highlights the importance of MAMs as potential targets to manipulate MAM-associated mechanisms. However, whether altered MAM communication and connectivity are causative agents or compensatory mechanisms in disease development and progression remains elusive. Regardless, exploration is warranted to determine if MAMs are therapeutically targetable to combat neurodegeneration. Here, we review key MAM interactions and proteins both in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We further discuss implications of MAMs in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), as MAMs have not yet been explored in this neuropathology. These perspectives specifically focus on mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium dysregulation and ER stress as notable MAM-mediated mechanisms underlying HAND pathology. Finally, we discuss potential targets to manipulate MAM function as a therapeutic intervention against neurodegeneration. Future investigations are warranted to better understand the interplay and therapeutic application of MAMs in glial dysfunction and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center (HSC), Fort Worth, TX, United States
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10
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Sensing, signaling and surviving mitochondrial stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5925-5951. [PMID: 34228161 PMCID: PMC8316193 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fidelity is a key determinant of longevity and was found to be perturbed in a multitude of disease contexts ranging from neurodegeneration to heart failure. Tight homeostatic control of the mitochondrial proteome is a crucial aspect of mitochondrial function, which is severely complicated by the evolutionary origin and resulting peculiarities of the organelle. This is, on one hand, reflected by a range of basal quality control factors such as mitochondria-resident chaperones and proteases, that assist in import and folding of precursors as well as removal of aggregated proteins. On the other hand, stress causes the activation of several additional mechanisms that counteract any damage that may threaten mitochondrial function. Countermeasures depend on the location and intensity of the stress and on a range of factors that are equipped to sense and signal the nature of the encountered perturbation. Defective mitochondrial import activates mechanisms that combat the accumulation of precursors in the cytosol and the import pore. To resolve proteotoxic stress in the organelle interior, mitochondria depend on nuclear transcriptional programs, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and the integrated stress response. If organelle damage is too severe, mitochondria signal for their own destruction in a process termed mitophagy, thereby preventing further harm to the mitochondrial network and allowing the cell to salvage their biological building blocks. Here, we provide an overview of how different types and intensities of stress activate distinct pathways aimed at preserving mitochondrial fidelity.
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11
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Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050970. [PMID: 33919188 PMCID: PMC8143122 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
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