1
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Heishima K, Aketa N, Heishima M, Kawachi A. Hemangiosarcoma in dogs as a potential non-rodent animal model for drug discovery research of angiosarcoma in humans. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1250766. [PMID: 38130992 PMCID: PMC10733437 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1250766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the domestication of dogs 10,000 years ago, they have shared their living environment with humans and have co-evolved. The breeding process that dogs have undergone in only a few centuries has led to a significant accumulation of specific genetic alterations that could induce particular diseases in certain breeds. These canine diseases are similar to what is found in humans with several differences; therefore, comparing such diseases occurring in humans and dogs can help discover novel disease mechanisms, pathways, and causal genetic factors. Human angiosarcoma (AS) and canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which are sarcomas originating from endothelium, are examples of diseases shared between humans and dogs. They exhibit similar characteristics and clinical behaviors, although with some critical differences resulting from evolution. In this review, we will describe the similarities and differences in terms of clinical and molecular characteristics between human AS and canine HSA, and discuss how these similarities and differences can be applied to advance the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Heishima
- Institute for Advanced Study (GUiAS), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naohiko Aketa
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Asuka Kawachi
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Pimentel PAB, Giuliano A, Bęczkowski PM, Horta RDS. Molecular Profile of Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets. Vet Sci 2023; 10:387. [PMID: 37368773 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a relatively common neoplasia, occurring mainly in the skin, spleen, liver and right atrium. Despite the numerous studies investigating the treatment of canine HSA, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved in the last 20 years. Advancements in genetic and molecular profiling presented molecular similarities between canine HSA and human angiosarcoma. It could therefore serve as a valuable model for investigating new and more effective treatments in people and dogs. The most common genetic abnormalities in canine HSA have been found in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) pathways. Mutations are also found in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Known abnormal protein expression could be exploited to trial new target treatments that could be beneficial for both canine and human patients. Despite the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), no correlation with overall survival time has ever been found. In this review, we explore the most recent developments in molecular profiling in canine HSA and discuss their possible applications in the prognosis and treatment of this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paweł Marek Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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3
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Lewis AM, Thomas R, Breen M, Peden K, Teferedegne B, Foseh G, Motsinger-Reif A, Rotroff D, Lewis G. The AGMK1-9T7 cell model of neoplasia: Evolution of DNA copy-number aberrations and miRNA expression during transition from normal to metastatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275394. [PMID: 36279283 PMCID: PMC9591059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To study neoplasia in tissue culture, cell lines representing the evolution of normal cells to tumor cells are needed. To produce such cells, we developed the AGMK1-9T7 cell line, established cell banks at 10-passage intervals, and characterized their biological properties. Here we examine the evolution of chromosomal DNA copy-number aberrations and miRNA expression in this cell line from passage 1 to the acquisition of a tumorigenic phenotype at passage 40. We demonstrated the use of a human microarray platform for DNA copy-number profiling of AGMK1-9T7 cells using knowledge of synteny to 'recode' data from human chromosome coordinates to those of the African green monkey. This approach revealed the accumulation of DNA copy-number gains and losses in AGMK1-9T7 cells from passage 3 to passage 40, which spans the period in which neoplastic transformation occurred. These alterations occurred in the sequences of genes regulating DNA copy-number imbalance of several genes that regulate endothelial cell angiogenesis, survival, migration, and proliferation. Regarding miRNA expression, 195 miRNAs were up- or down-regulated at passage 1 at levels that appear to be biologically relevant (i.e., log2 fold change >2.0 (q<0.05)). At passage 10, the number of up/down-regulated miRNAs fell to 63; this number increased to 93 at passage 40. Principal-component analysis grouped these miRNAs into 3 clusters; miRNAs in sub-clusters of these groups could be correlated with initiation, promotion, and progression, stages that have been described for neoplastic development. Thirty-four of the AGMK1-9T7 miRNAs have been associated with these stages in human cancer. Based on these data, we propose that the evolution of AGMK1-9T7 cells represents a detailed model of neoplasia in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Lewis
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Keith Peden
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Belete Teferedegne
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Gideon Foseh
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, United States of America
| | - Daniel Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, United States of America
| | - Gladys Lewis
- TCL and M Associates, Leesburg, VA, United States of America
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4
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Wong S, Ehrhart EJ, Stewart S, Zismann V, Cawley J, Halperin R, Briones N, Richter K, Sivaprakasam K, Perdigones N, Contente-Cuomo T, Facista S, Trent JM, Murtaza M, Khanna C, Hendricks WPD. Genomic landscapes of canine splenic angiosarcoma (hemangiosarcoma) contain extensive heterogeneity within and between patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264986. [PMID: 35867969 PMCID: PMC9307279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomic heterogeneity presents significant challenges for understanding oncogenic processes and for cancer’s clinical management. Variation in driver mutation frequency between patients with the same tumor type as well as within an individual patients’ cancer can shape the use of mutations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. We have characterized genomic heterogeneity between and within canine splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA), a common naturally occurring cancer in pet dogs that is similar to human angiosarcoma (AS). HSA is a clinically, physiologically, and genomically complex canine cancer that may serve as a valuable model for understanding the origin and clinical impact of cancer heterogeneity. We conducted a prospective collection of 52 splenic masses from 43 dogs (27 HSA, 15 benign masses, and 1 stromal sarcoma) presenting for emergency care with hemoperitoneum secondary to a ruptured splenic mass. Multi-platform genomic analysis included matched tumor/normal targeted sequencing panel and exome sequencing. We found candidate somatic cancer driver mutations in 14/27 (52%) HSAs. Among recurrent candidate driver mutations, TP53 was most commonly mutated (30%) followed by PIK3CA (15%), AKT1 (11%), and CDKN2AIP (11%). We also identified significant intratumoral genomic heterogeneity, consistent with a branched evolution model, through multi-region exome sequencing of three distinct tumor regions from selected primary splenic tumors. These data provide new perspectives on the genomic landscape of this veterinary cancer and suggest a cross-species value for using HSA in pet dogs as a naturally occurring model of intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukmei Wong
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - E. J. Ehrhart
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, United States of America
| | - Samuel Stewart
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Zismann
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jacob Cawley
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, United States of America
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Halperin
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Natalia Briones
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Keith Richter
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Nieves Perdigones
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tania Contente-Cuomo
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Salvatore Facista
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chand Khanna
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA, United States of America
| | - William P. D. Hendricks
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Nance RL, Sajib AM, Smith BF. Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:67-99. [PMID: 35595353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Nance
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
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6
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Shaffer LG, Hopp B, Switonski M, Zahand A, Ballif BC. Identification of aneuploidy in dogs screened by a SNP microarray. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1619-1624. [PMID: 34287710 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microarray analysis is an efficient approach for screening and identifying cytogenetic imbalances in humans. SNP arrays, in particular, are a powerful way to identify copy-number gains and losses representing aneuploidy and aneusomy, but moreover, allow for the direct assessment of individual genotypes in known disease loci. Using these approaches, trisomies, monosomies, and mosaicism of whole chromosomes have been identified in human microarray studies. For canines, this approach is not widely used in clinical laboratory diagnostic practice. In our laboratory, we have implemented the use of a proprietary SNP array that represents approximately 650,000 loci across the domestic dog genome. During the validation of this microarray prior to clinical use, we identified three cases of aneuploidy after screening 2053 dogs of various breeds including monosomy X, trisomy X, and an apparent mosaic trisomy of canine chromosome 38 (CFA38). This study represents the first use of microarrays for copy-number evaluation to identify cytogenetic anomalies in canines. As microarray analysis becomes more routine in canine genetic testing, more cases of chromosome aneuploidy are likely to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Shaffer
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc, 220 E Rowan, Suite 220, Spokane, WA, 99207, USA. .,Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Bradley Hopp
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc, 220 E Rowan, Suite 220, Spokane, WA, 99207, USA
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Zahand
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc, 220 E Rowan, Suite 220, Spokane, WA, 99207, USA
| | - Blake C Ballif
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc, 220 E Rowan, Suite 220, Spokane, WA, 99207, USA
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7
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Gulay KCM, Aoshima K, Shibata Y, Yasui H, Yan Q, Kobayashi A, Kimura T. KDM2B promotes cell viability by enhancing DNA damage response in canine hemangiosarcoma. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:618-630. [PMID: 34023294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators have been implicated in tumorigenesis of many types of cancer; however, their roles in endothelial cell cancers such as canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) have not been studied. In this study, we find that lysine-specific demethylase 2b (KDM2B) is highly expressed in HSA cell lines compared with normal canine endothelial cells. Silencing of KDM2B in HSA cells results in increased cell death in vitro compared with the scramble control by inducing apoptosis through the inactivation of the DNA repair pathways and accumulation of DNA damage. Similarly, doxycycline-induced KDM2B silencing in tumor xenografts results in decreased tumor sizes compared with the control. Furthermore, KDM2B is also highly expressed in clinical cases of HSA. We hypothesize that pharmacological KDM2B inhibition can also induce HSA cell death and can be used as an alternative treatment for HSA. We treat HSA cells with GSK-J4, a histone demethylase inhibitor, and find that GSK-J4 treatment also induces apoptosis and cell death. In addition, GSK-J4 treatment decreases tumor size. Therefore, we demonstrate that KDM2B acts as an oncogene in HSA by enhancing the DNA damage response. Moreover, we show that histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 can be used as a therapeutic alternative to doxorubicin for HSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Christian Montecillo Gulay
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan.
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
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8
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Wong K, Ludwig L, Krijgsman O, Adams DJ, Wood GA, van der Weyden L. Comparison of the oncogenomic landscape of canine and feline hemangiosarcoma shows novel parallels with human angiosarcoma. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049044. [PMID: 34296746 PMCID: PMC8319545 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a highly aggressive tumor of blood and lymphatic vessels in humans that shares many similarities with spontaneously occurring hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in dogs and cats. To investigate the genetic suitability of HSA as a model for AS, we sequenced ∼1000 cancer genes in 41 cases of HSA and matched germline tissue: 15 canine visceral HSAs, 13 canine skin HSAs and 13 feline skin HSAs. Analysis of visceral HSAs from dogs presenting with concurrent splenic and cardiac neoplasms showed that the tumors were not independent primaries, consistent with the highly metastatic nature of HSA. Comparison of HSA to AS revealed that several driver genes were recurrently mutated in both species, such as TP53, PIK3CA, ATRX, GRIN2A and LRP1B. Similar to AS, a UV mutational signature was found in a subset of canine cutaneous HSAs and both species show differing mutational profiles between tissue sites. Our characterization of canine and feline HSA demonstrates many important parallels to AS and provides hope that future studies on these cancers will benefit of all three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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9
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Kim JH, Megquier K, Thomas R, Sarver AL, Song JM, Kim YT, Cheng N, Schulte AJ, Linden MA, Murugan P, Oseth L, Forster CL, Elvers I, Swofford R, Turner-Maier J, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Lindblad-Toh K, Modiano JF. Genomically Complex Human Angiosarcoma and Canine Hemangiosarcoma Establish Convergent Angiogenic Transcriptional Programs Driven by Novel Gene Fusions. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:847-861. [PMID: 33649193 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic angiosarcomas are aggressive vascular sarcomas whose rarity and genomic complexity present significant obstacles in deciphering the pathogenic significance of individual genetic alterations. Numerous fusion genes have been identified across multiple types of cancers, but their existence and significance remain unclear in sporadic angiosarcomas. In this study, we leveraged RNA-sequencing data from 13 human angiosarcomas and 76 spontaneous canine hemangiosarcomas to identify fusion genes associated with spontaneous vascular malignancies. Ten novel protein-coding fusion genes, including TEX2-PECAM1 and ATP8A2-FLT1, were identified in seven of the 13 human tumors, with two tumors showing mutations of TP53. HRAS and NRAS mutations were found in angiosarcomas without fusions or TP53 mutations. We found 15 novel protein-coding fusion genes including MYO16-PTK2, GABRA3-FLT1, and AKT3-XPNPEP1 in 11 of the 76 canine hemangiosarcomas; these fusion genes were seen exclusively in tumors of the angiogenic molecular subtype that contained recurrent mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and NRAS. In particular, fusion genes and mutations of TP53 cooccurred in tumors with higher frequency than expected by random chance, and they enriched gene signatures predicting activation of angiogenic pathways. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of human angiosarcomas and canine hemangiosarcomas identified shared molecular signatures associated with activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Our data suggest that genome instability induced by TP53 mutations might create a predisposition for fusion events that may contribute to tumor progression by promoting selection and/or enhancing fitness through activation of convergent angiogenic pathways in this vascular malignancy. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that, while drive events of malignant vasoformative tumors of humans and dogs include diverse mutations and stochastic rearrangements that create novel fusion genes, convergent transcriptional programs govern the highly conserved morphologic organization and biological behavior of these tumors in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota. .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yoon Tae Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuojin Cheng
- School of Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael A Linden
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paari Murugan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - LeAnn Oseth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Colleen L Forster
- The University of Minnesota Biological Materials Procurement Network (BioNet), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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10
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Thomas R, Pontius JU, Borst LB, Breen M. Development of a Genome-Wide Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform for Detection of DNA Copy Number Aberrations in Feline Cancers. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030088. [PMID: 32645884 PMCID: PMC7560183 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of the domestic cat as a model system for biomedical studies was constrained for many years by the absence of a comprehensive feline reference genome sequence assembly. While such a resource now exists, the cat continues to lag behind the domestic dog in terms of integration into the ‘One Health’ era of molecular medicine. Stimulated by the advances being made within the evolving field of comparative cancer genomics, we developed a microarray platform that allows rapid and sensitive detection of DNA copy number aberrations in feline tumors using comparative genomic hybridization analysis. The microarray comprises 110,456 unique oligonucleotide probes anchored at mean intervals of 22.6 kb throughout the feline reference genome sequence assembly, providing ~350-fold higher resolution than was previously possible using this technique. We demonstrate the utility of this resource through genomic profiling of a feline injection-site sarcoma case, revealing a highly disrupted profile of DNA copy number imbalance involving several key cancer-associated genes including KIT,TP53, PTEN, FAS and RB1. These findings were supported by targeted fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis, which identified major alterations in chromosome structure, including complex intrachromosomal reorganization events typical of those seen in aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas of other species. We then characterized a second mass that was identified at a nearby site in the same patient almost 12 months later. This mass demonstrated a remarkably conserved genomic profile consistent with a recurrence of the original tumor; however the detection of subtle differences reflected evolution of the tumor over time. These findings exemplify the diverse potential of this microarray platform to incorporate domestic cat cancers into comparative and translational research efforts in molecular oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joan U Pontius
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
- Present address: JP Solutions, Ellicott City MD 21042, USA
| | - Luke B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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11
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Mukai C, Choi E, Sams KL, Klampen EZ, Anguish L, Marks BA, Rice EJ, Wang Z, Choate LA, Chou SP, Kato Y, Miller AD, Danko CG, Coonrod SA. Chromatin run-on sequencing analysis finds that ECM remodeling plays an important role in canine hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:206. [PMID: 32571313 PMCID: PMC7310061 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive cancer of endothelial origin that closely resembles visceral angiosarcoma in humans, both clinically and histopathologically. Currently there is an unmet need for new diagnostics and therapies for both forms of this disease. The goal of this study was to utilize Chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify gene and protein expression signatures that may be important drivers of HSA progression. Results ChRO-seq was performed on tissue isolated from 17 HSA samples and 4 normal splenic samples. Computational analysis was then used to identify differentially expressed genes and these factors were subjected to gene ontology analysis. ChRO-seq analysis revealed over a thousand differentially expressed genes in HSA tissue compared with normal splenic tissue (FDR < 0.005). Interestingly, the majority of genes overexpressed in HSA tumor tissue were associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This observation correlated well with our histological analysis, which found that HSA tumors contain a rich and complex collagen network. Additionally, we characterized the protein expression patterns of two highly overexpressed molecules identified in ChRO-seq analysis, podoplanin (PDPN) and laminin alpha 4 (LAMA4). We found that the expression of these two ECM-associated factors appeared to be largely limited to transformed endothelial cells within the HSA lesions. Conclusion Outcomes from this study suggest that ECM remodeling plays an important role in HSA progression. Additionally, our study identified two potential novel biomarkers of HSA, PDPN and LAMA4. Interestingly, given that function-blocking anti-PDPN antibodies have shown anti-tumor effects in mouse models of canine melanoma, our studies raise the possibility that these types of therapeutic strategies could potentially be developed for treating canine HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Eunju Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kelly L Sams
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena Zu Klampen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lynne Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brooke A Marks
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lauren A Choate
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shao-Pei Chou
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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12
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Atherton MJ, Lenz JA, Mason NJ. Sarcomas-A barren immunological wasteland or field of opportunity for immunotherapy? Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:447-470. [PMID: 32246517 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Key advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre-existing tumour-specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint inhibition to eliminate tumours. Furthermore, durable remissions have been achieved in haematological malignancies following adoptive transfer of T cells that specifically target cell surface proteins where expression is restricted to the malignancy's cell of origin. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas have a paucity of non-synonymous somatic mutations and do not commonly express known, targetable, tumour-specific antigens. Historically, soft tissue sarcomas have been considered immunologically 'cold' and as such, unlikely candidates for immune therapy. Here, we review the immune landscape of canine and feline sarcomas and the immunotherapeutic strategies that have been employed in veterinary clinical trials to improve patient outcome. We also provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches being used to treat human sarcomas. Together, current data indicates that, rather than a barren immunological wasteland, sarcomas represent a field of opportunities for immunotherapies. Furthermore, we and others would suggest that strategic combinations of immunotherapeutic approaches may hold promise for more effective treatments for high grade soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lenz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Fontenot RL, Lack AC, Maslin WR, Bowser JE. Haemangiosarcoma in two full sibling American Quarter Horse geldings. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Fontenot
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - A. C. Lack
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - W. R. Maslin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - J. E. Bowser
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State Mississippi USA
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14
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Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Swofford R, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Wang C, Sakthikumar S, Johnson J, Koltookian M, Lewellen M, Scott MC, Schulte AJ, Borst L, Tonomura N, Alfoldi J, Painter C, Thomas R, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Modiano JF, Elvers I, Lindblad-Toh K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Shared Mutational Landscape in Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Human Angiosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2410-2421. [PMID: 31570656 PMCID: PMC7067513 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with few effective treatment options and high patient mortality. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well-powered genomic studies nearly impossible. Dogs commonly suffer from a similar cancer, called hemangiosarcoma, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma via whole-exome sequencing (47 golden retriever hemangiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 hemangiosarcomas from multiple breeds). Somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine. As reported in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found many of the same genes and pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, particularly in breast and visceral angiosarcomas. Canine hemangiosarcoma closely models the genomic landscape of human angiosarcoma of the breast and viscera, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. IMPLICATIONS: We characterize the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma and demonstrate its similarity to human angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Alfoldi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Corrie Painter
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Canine Melanomas as Models for Human Melanomas: Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Comparison. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070501. [PMID: 31262050 PMCID: PMC6678806 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent genetic advances and numerous ongoing therapeutic trials, malignant melanoma remains fatal, and prognostic factors as well as more efficient treatments are needed. The development of such research strongly depends on the availability of appropriate models recapitulating all the features of human melanoma. The concept of comparative oncology, with the use of spontaneous canine models has recently acquired a unique value as a translational model. Canine malignant melanomas are naturally occurring cancers presenting striking homologies with human melanomas. As for many other cancers, dogs present surprising breed predispositions and higher frequency of certain subtypes per breed. Oral melanomas, which are much more frequent and highly severe in dogs and cutaneous melanomas with severe digital forms or uveal subtypes are subtypes presenting relevant homologies with their human counterparts, thus constituting close models for these human melanoma subtypes. This review addresses how canine and human melanoma subtypes compare based on their epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics, and how comparative oncology approaches can provide insights into rare and poorly characterized melanoma subtypes in humans that are frequent and breed-specific in dogs. We propose canine malignant melanomas as models for rare non-UV-induced human melanomas, especially mucosal melanomas. Naturally affected dogs offer the opportunity to decipher the genetics at both germline and somatic levels and to explore therapeutic options, with the dog entering preclinical trials as human patients, benefiting both dogs and humans.
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16
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Pulz LH, Barra CN, Alexandre PA, Huete GC, Cadrobbi KG, Nishiya AT, de Freitas SH, Fukumasu H, Strefezzi RF. Identification of two molecular subtypes in canine mast cell tumours through gene expression profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217343. [PMID: 31216299 PMCID: PMC6583995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are common neoplasms in dogs and are usually regarded as potentially malignant. Several studies have attempted to identify biomarkers to better predict biological behaviours for this tumour. The aim of this study was to identify pathways connected to clinical and histopathological malignancies, shorter survival times, and poor prognoses associated with MCTs. We performed genome-wide gene expression analyses on tissues obtained from 15 dogs with single MCTs, and identified two distinct tumour subtypes—high-risk and low-risk—associated with differences in histological grades, survival times, Ki67 indices, and occurrence of death due the disease. Comparative analyses of RNA sequence profiles revealed 71 genes that were differentially expressed between high- and low-risk MCTs. In addition to these analyses, we also examined gene co-expression networks to explore the biological functions of the identified genes. The network construction revealed 63 gene modules, of which 4 were significantly associated with the more aggressive tumour group. Two of the gene modules positively correlated with high-risk MCTs were also associated with cell proliferation and extracellular matrix-related terms. At the top of the extracellular matrix module category, genes with functions directly related to those of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were identified. Immunohistochemical analyses also revealed a greater number of CAFs in high-risk MCTs. This study provides a method for the molecular characterisation of canine MCTs into two distinct subtypes. Our data indicate that proliferation pathways are significantly involved in malignant tumour behaviours, which are known to be relevant for the induction and maintenance of MCTs. Finally, animals presenting high-risk MCTs overexpress genes associated with the extracellular matrix that can be robustly linked to CAF functions. We suggest that CAFs in the MCT stroma contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia H. Pulz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science- FMVZ, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Camila N. Barra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science- FMVZ, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela A. Alexandre
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Greice C. Huete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Karine G. Cadrobbi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana T. Nishiya
- Veterinary Hospital Anhembi Morumbi, R. Conselheiro Lafaiete, São Paulo—SP, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvio Henrique de Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Strefezzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are uncommon and aggressive neoplasms that develop much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Breed-specific predispositions have been identified for both cancers. The development of novel diagnostics is underway and may aid in earlier diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to HS and HSA depend on the stage of disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Such interventions improve outcome; however, aside from a small number of clinical circumstances, both diseases are considered largely incurable. Continued efforts toward the identification of driver mutations and subsequent druggable targets may lead to improvements in long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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18
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Kennedy K, Thomas R, Durrant J, Jiang T, Motsinger-Reif A, Breen M. Genome-wide DNA copy number analysis and targeted transcriptional analysis of canine histiocytic malignancies identifies diagnostic signatures and highlights disruption of spindle assembly complex. Chromosome Res 2019; 27:179-202. [PMID: 31011867 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are rare across the general dog population, but overrepresented in certain breeds, such as Bernese mountain dog and flat-coated retriever. Accurate diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical staining to rule out histologically similar cancers with different prognoses and treatment strategies (e.g., lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma). HM are generally treatment refractory with overall survival of less than 6 months. A lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms of disease development and progression hinders development of novel therapeutics. While the study of human tumors can benefit veterinary medicine, the rarity of the suggested orthologous disease (dendritic cell sarcoma) precludes this. This study aims to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms using genome-wide DNA copy number and gene expression analysis of spontaneous HM across several dog breeds. Extensive DNA copy number disruption was evident, with losses of segments of chromosomes 16 and 31 detected in 93% and 72% of tumors, respectively. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) evaluation of these regions in numerous cancer specimens effectively discriminated HM from other common round cell tumors, including lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma, resulting in a novel, rapid diagnostic aid for veterinary medicine. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly complex, which is linked to genomic instability and reduced therapeutic impact in humans. A key signature detected was up-regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), supported by an immunohistochemistry-based assessment of MMP9 protein levels. Since MMP9 has been linked with rapid metastasis and tumor aggression in humans, the data in this study offer a possible mechanism of aggression in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Sentinel Biomedical Incorporated, Centennial Biomedical Campus, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jessica Durrant
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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19
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Hedgespeth BA, Gal A. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1545-1548. [PMID: 30668259 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.12.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Reckelhoff CR, Lejeune A, Thompson PM, Shiomitsu K. In vitro effects of the chemotherapy agent water-soluble micellar paclitaxel (Paccal Vet) on canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:32-41. [PMID: 30267450 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paccal Vet (Osamia Pharmaceuticals) is a water-soluble nanoparticle micellar formulation of the drug paclitaxel that is well tolerated in dogs. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of Paccal Vet on two canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cell lines and their expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Paccal Vet caused HSA cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) for the two HSA cell lines were 7 to 610 ng/mL, which are clinically achievable. Cell cycle analysis through flow cytometry showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Annexin-V and caspase 3/7 activity assays showed significant increases in apoptosis in correlation with the IC50 in each cell line. Reverse transcriptase-PCR was performed on the cell lines to validate the gene expression of VEGF and bFGF. Results obtained from this study support future studies involving the use of paclitaxel (micellar) for treatment of canine HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Reckelhoff
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Patrick M Thompson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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21
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Hendricks WPD, Zismann V, Sivaprakasam K, Legendre C, Poorman K, Tembe W, Perdigones N, Kiefer J, Liang W, DeLuca V, Stark M, Ruhe A, Froman R, Duesbery NS, Washington M, Aldrich J, Neff MW, Huentelman MJ, Hayward N, Brown K, Thamm D, Post G, Khanna C, Davis B, Breen M, Sekulic A, Trent JM. Somatic inactivating PTPRJ mutations and dysregulated pathways identified in canine malignant melanoma by integrated comparative genomic analysis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007589. [PMID: 30188888 PMCID: PMC6126841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma, a significant cause of mortality in domestic dogs, is a powerful comparative model for human melanoma, but little is known about its genetic etiology. We mapped the genomic landscape of canine melanoma through multi-platform analysis of 37 tumors (31 mucosal, 3 acral, 2 cutaneous, and 1 uveal) and 17 matching constitutional samples including long- and short-insert whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, single nucleotide polymorphism array, and targeted Sanger sequencing analyses. We identified novel predominantly truncating mutations in the putative tumor suppressor gene PTPRJ in 19% of cases. No BRAF mutations were detected, but activating RAS mutations (24% of cases) occurred in conserved hotspots in all cutaneous and acral and 13% of mucosal subtypes. MDM2 amplifications (24%) and TP53 mutations (19%) were mutually exclusive. Additional low-frequency recurrent alterations were observed amidst low point mutation rates, an absence of ultraviolet light mutational signatures, and an abundance of copy number and structural alterations. Mutations that modulate cell proliferation and cell cycle control were common and highlight therapeutic axes such as MEK and MDM2 inhibition. This mutational landscape resembles that seen in BRAF wild-type and sun-shielded human melanoma subtypes. Overall, these data inform biological comparisons between canine and human melanoma while suggesting actionable targets in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. D. Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Victoria Zismann
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karthigayini Sivaprakasam
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Poorman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Waibhav Tembe
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nieves Perdigones
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Kiefer
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Winnie Liang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Valerie DeLuca
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison Ruhe
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Roe Froman
- Laboratory of Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute (VARI), Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Megan Washington
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica Aldrich
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Neff
- Program in Canine Genetics and Genomics, Van Andel Research Institute (VARI), Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Hayward
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gerald Post
- The Veterinary Cancer Center, Norwalk, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chand Khanna
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Barbara Davis
- Innogenics Inc., Harvard, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Alexander Sekulic
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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Abstract
Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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23
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Wang G, Wu M, Maloneyhuss MA, Wojcik J, Durham AC, Mason NJ, Roth DB. Actionable mutations in canine hemangiosarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188667. [PMID: 29190660 PMCID: PMC5708669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiosarcomas (AS) are rare in humans, but they are a deadly subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. Discovery sequencing in AS, especially the visceral form, is hampered by the rarity of cases. Most diagnostic material exists as archival formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue which serves as a poor source of high quality DNA for genome-wide sequencing. We approached this problem through comparative genomics. We hypothesized that exome sequencing a histologically similar tumor, hemangiosarcoma (HSA), that occurs in approximately 50,000 dogs per year, may lead to the identification of potential oncogenic drivers and druggable targets that could also occur in angiosarcoma. METHODS Splenic hemangiosarcomas are common in dogs, which allowed us to collect a cohort of archived matched tumor and normal tissue samples suitable for whole exome sequencing. Mapping of the reads to the latest canine reference genome (Canfam3) demonstrated that >99% of the targeted exomal regions were covered, with >80% at 20X coverage and >90% at 10X coverage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Sequence analysis of 20 samples identified somatic mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, PTEN, and PLCG1, all of which correspond to well-known tumor drivers in human cancer, in more than half of the cases. In one case, we identified a mutation in PLCG1 identical to a mutation observed previously in this gene in human visceral AS. Activating PIK3CA mutations present novel therapeutic targets, and clinical trials of targeted inhibitors are underway in human cancers. Our results lay a foundation for similar clinical trials in canine HSA, enabling a precision medicine approach to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ming Wu
- Illumina, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Maloneyhuss
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John Wojcik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Durham
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Nicola J. Mason
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - David B. Roth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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24
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Séguin B. Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Can Being a Dog's Best Friend Help a Child? Front Oncol 2017; 7:285. [PMID: 29218302 PMCID: PMC5704538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) remain a therapeutic challenge for pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. Still today, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Obstacles in developing new treatment approaches to improve the outcome are: few patients to enroll in clinical trials, and the diversity of tumor biology between histologic subtypes. Pet dogs may offer an additional strategy to discover and test new therapeutic avenues. The number of dogs diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States is estimated to be around 27,000 to 95,000. In comparison, approximately 900 children less than 20 years old and 1,500 AYAs between 15 and 29 years old are diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States. The mainstay for treatment of STSs in dogs is also surgery, with radiation therapy and chemotherapy when necessary. Similar to what is seen in humans, grade and stage are prognostic in dogs. In one comparative study of the histology and immunohistochemistry of canine STSs, most tumors were diagnosed as the human equivalent of undifferentiated sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, or unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. But much work remains to be done to fully assess the validity of canine STSs as a model. Gene expression analysis has been done in a limited number of canine STSs. Tissue banking, development of cell lines, and the ability to mobilize large-scale clinical trials will become essential in veterinary medicine to benefit both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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25
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Genomic profiling of canine mast cell tumors identifies DNA copy number aberrations associated with KIT mutations and high histological grade. Chromosome Res 2017; 25:129-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-016-9543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Roode SC, Rotroff D, Richards KL, Moore P, Motsinger-Reif A, Okamura Y, Mizuno T, Tsujimoto H, Suter SE, Breen M. Comprehensive genomic characterization of five canine lymphoid tumor cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:207. [PMID: 27639374 PMCID: PMC5027081 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia/lymphoma cell lines have been critical in the investigation of the pathogenesis and therapy of hematological malignancies. While human LL cell lines have generally been found to recapitulate the primary tumors from which they were derived, appropriate characterization including cytogenetic and transcriptional assessment is crucial for assessing their clinical predictive value. RESULTS In the following study, five canine LL cell lines, CLBL-1, Ema, TL-1 (Nody-1), UL-1, and 3132, were characterized using extensive immunophenotyping, karyotypic analysis, oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH), and gene expression profiling. Genome-wide DNA copy number data from the cell lines were also directly compared with 299 primary canine round cell tumors to determine whether the cell lines represent primary tumors, and, if so, what subtype each most closely resembled. CONCLUSIONS Based on integrated analyses, CLBL-1 was classified as B-cell lymphoma, Ema and TL-1 as T-cell lymphoma, and UL-1 as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 3132, originally classified as a B-cell lymphoma, was reclassified as a histiocytic sarcoma based on characteristic cytogenomic properties. In combination, these data begin to elucidate the clinical predictive value of these cell lines which will enhance the appropriate selection of in vitro models for future studies of canine hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Roode
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, CVM Research Building - Room 348, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kristy L Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- KLR current address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Peter Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Okamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Steven E Suter
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Cancer Genetics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, CVM Research Building - Room 308, 1051 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, CVM Research Building - Room 348, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, 27607, NC, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Cancer Genetics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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27
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Thomas R, Demeter Z, Kennedy KA, Borst L, Singh K, Valli VE, Le Boedec K, Breen M. Integrated immunohistochemical and DNA copy number profiling analysis provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of canine follicular lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:852-867. [PMID: 27135201 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas (FLs) typically exhibit a chromosome translocation that induces constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl2 protein and accumulation of additional molecular defects. This rearrangement offers a promising therapeutic target, but its nature as a fundamental driver of FL pathogenesis remains unclear as 15% of cases lack the translocation. We performed an integrated immunohistochemical and genomic investigation of 10 naturally occurring FL cases from domestic dogs, showing that, as with human tumours, they exhibit marked heterogeneity in the frequency and intensity of bcl2 protein expression. Genomic copy number aberrations were infrequent and broadly consistent with those of other canine B-cell lymphoma subtypes. None of the canine FL specimens exhibited a rearrangement consistent with the hallmark translocation of human FL, despite their remarkable histomorphologic similarity. Parallel exploration of canine and human cases may reveal alternative tumour-initiating mechanisms other than BCL2 disruption, yielding a more complete definition of the molecular pathogenesis of FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Z Demeter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,IDEXX Reference Laboratories Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K A Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - L Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - V E Valli
- Visalia Pathology Medical Group, Visalia, CA, USA
| | - K Le Boedec
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Schiffman JD, Breen M. Comparative oncology: what dogs and other species can teach us about humans with cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0231. [PMID: 26056372 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 1.66 million humans (approx. 500/100,000 population rate) and over 4.2 million dogs (approx. 5300/100,000 population rate) are diagnosed with cancer annually in the USA. The interdisciplinary field of comparative oncology offers a unique and strong opportunity to learn more about universal cancer risk and development through epidemiology, genetic and genomic investigations. Working across species, researchers from human and veterinary medicine can combine scientific findings to understand more quickly the origins of cancer and translate these findings to novel therapies to benefit both human and animals. This review begins with the genetic origins of canines and their advantage in cancer research. We next focus on recent findings in comparative oncology related to inherited, or genetic, risk for tumour development. We then detail the somatic, or genomic, changes within tumours and the similarities between species. The shared cancers between humans and dogs that we discuss include sarcoma (osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma), haematological malignancies (lymphoma, leukaemia), bladder cancer, intracranial neoplasms (meningioma, glioma) and melanoma. Tumour risk in other animal species is also briefly discussed. As the field of genomics advances, we predict that comparative oncology will continue to benefit both humans and the animals that live among us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics and Oncological Sciences, Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Cancer Genetics, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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29
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Børresen B, Nielsen LN, Jessen LR, Kristensen AT, Fredholm M, Cirera S. Circulating let-7g is down-regulated in Bernese Mountain dogs with disseminated histiocytic sarcoma and carcinomas - a prospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:525-533. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. N. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. R. Jessen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. T. Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Cirera
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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30
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Kennedy K, Thomas R, Breen M. Canine Histiocytic Malignancies-Challenges and Opportunities. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3010002. [PMID: 29056712 PMCID: PMC5644619 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are aggressive tumors that occur with particularly high frequency in certain breeds including Bernese mountain dogs and flat-coated retrievers. Robust diagnosis of HM commonly utilizes immunohistochemical stains that are broadly ineffective on formalin-fixed tissues; thus the diagnosis is often one of exclusion. Clinical outcomes are generally poor, with frequent metastasis and therapeutic failure lowering overall survival at time of diagnosis to an average of less than two months in the majority of published work. The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HM has hindered the development of more effective diagnostic modalities and the identification of therapeutic targets. A potential avenue exists for advancing clinical management of canine cancers through extrapolation from a close counterpart in human medicine. Historically, HM have been compared to the rare and understudied subset of human cancers involving the dendritic lineage, such as dendritic cell sarcoma or Langerhans cell sarcoma. Recent data have now thrown into question the cellular origin of HM, suggesting that the disease may originate from the macrophage lineage. This review summarizes existing knowledge of HM from the clinical, histologic and molecular perspectives, and highlights avenues for future research that may aid the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In turn, a more advanced appreciation of the mechanisms underlying HM should clarify their cellular origin and identify appropriate opportunities for synergistic extrapolation between related canine and human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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31
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Kim JH, Graef AJ, Dickerson EB, Modiano JF. Pathobiology of Hemangiosarcoma in Dogs: Research Advances and Future Perspectives. Vet Sci 2015; 2:388-405. [PMID: 29061949 PMCID: PMC5644642 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive and common cancer in dogs. While cutaneous masses are often treatable by tumor excision, visceral tumors are almost always incurable. Treatment advances for this disease have been limited due to a poor understanding of the overall tumor biology. Based upon its histological appearance, HSA has been presumed to originate from transformed endothelial cells; however, accumulating data now suggest a pluripotent bone marrow progenitor as the cell of origin for this disease. More recently, the identification of a novel subclassification of HSAs has provided a foundation to further our understanding of the cellular characteristics of HSA tumor cells, along with those of the cells comprising the tumor microenvironment. These discoveries hold promise for the development of new approaches to improve treatments for canine HSA, as well as to establish the utility of this disease as a spontaneous model to understand the pathogenesis and develop new treatments for vascular tumors of humans. In this review, we will provide a brief historical perspective and pathobiology of canine HSA, along with a focus on the recent advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of these tumors. In addition, future directions that should continue to improve our understanding of HSA pathogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ashley J Graef
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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32
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Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The evolving cancer stem cell paradigm: Implications in veterinary oncology. Vet J 2015; 205:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Mazcko C, Thomas R. The Establishment of the Pfizer-Canine Comparative Oncology and Genomics Consortium Biospecimen Repository. Vet Sci 2015; 2:127-130. [PMID: 29061936 PMCID: PMC5644634 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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34
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Roode SC, Rotroff D, Avery AC, Suter SE, Bienzle D, Schiffman JD, Motsinger-Reif A, Breen M. Genome-wide assessment of recurrent genomic imbalances in canine leukemia identifies evolutionarily conserved regions for subtype differentiation. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:681-708. [PMID: 26037708 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia in dogs is a heterogeneous disease with survival ranging from days to years, depending on the subtype. Strides have been made in both human and canine leukemia to improve classification and understanding of pathogenesis through immunophenotyping, yet classification and choosing appropriate therapy remains challenging. In this study, we assessed 123 cases of canine leukemia (28 ALLs, 24 AMLs, 25 B-CLLs, and 46 T-CLLs) using high-resolution oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH) to detect DNA copy number alterations (CNAs). For the first time, such data were used to identify recurrent CNAs and inclusive genes that may be potential drivers of subtype-specific pathogenesis. We performed predictive modeling to identify CNAs that could reliably differentiate acute subtypes (ALL vs. AML) and chronic subtypes (B-CLL vs. T-CLL) and used this model to differentiate cases with up to 83.3 and 95.8 % precision, respectively, based on CNAs at only one to three genomic regions. In addition, CGH datasets for canine and human leukemia were compared to reveal evolutionarily conserved copy number changes between species, including the shared gain of HSA 21q in ALL and ∼25 Mb of shared gain of HSA 12 and loss of HSA 13q14 in CLL. These findings support the use of canine leukemia as a relevant in vivo model for human leukemia and justify the need to further explore the conserved genomic regions of interest for their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Roode
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Daniel Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Cancer Genetics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Cancer Genetics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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35
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Poorman K, Borst L, Moroff S, Roy S, Labelle P, Motsinger-Reif A, Breen M. Comparative cytogenetic characterization of primary canine melanocytic lesions using array CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:171-86. [PMID: 25511566 PMCID: PMC5462112 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytic lesions originating from the oral mucosa or cutaneous epithelium are common in the general dog population, with up to 100,000 diagnoses each year in the USA. Oral melanoma is the most frequent canine neoplasm of the oral cavity, exhibiting a highly aggressive course. Cutaneous melanocytomas occur frequently, but rarely develop into a malignant form. Despite the differential prognosis, it has been assumed that subtypes of melanocytic lesions represent the same disease. To address the relative paucity of information about their genomic status, molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed on the three recognized subtypes of canine melanocytic lesions. Using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis, highly aberrant distinct copy number status across the tumor genome for both of the malignant melanoma subtypes was revealed. The most frequent aberrations included gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 17 and loss of CFA 22. Melanocytomas possessed fewer genome wide aberrations, yet showed a recurrent gain of CFA 20q15.3-17. A distinctive copy number profile, evident only in oral melanomas, displayed a sigmoidal pattern of copy number loss followed immediately by a gain, around CFA 30q14. Moreover, when assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), copy number aberrations of targeted genes, such as gain of c-MYC (80 % of cases) and loss of CDKN2A (68 % of cases), were observed. This study suggests that in concordance with what is known for human melanomas, canine melanomas of the oral mucosa and cutaneous epithelium are discrete and initiated by different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Poorman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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36
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Omeir R, Thomas R, Teferedegne B, Williams C, Foseh G, Macauley J, Brinster L, Beren J, Peden K, Breen M, Lewis AM. A novel canine kidney cell line model for the evaluation of neoplastic development: karyotype evolution associated with spontaneous immortalization and tumorigenicity. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:663-80. [PMID: 25957863 PMCID: PMC4666904 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying spontaneous neoplastic transformation in cultured mammalian cells remain poorly understood, confounding recognition of parallels with the biology of naturally occurring cancer. The broad use of tumorigenic canine cell lines as research tools, coupled with the accumulation of cytogenomic data from naturally occurring canine cancers, makes the domestic dog an ideal system in which to investigate these relationships. We developed a canine kidney cell line, CKB1-3T7, which allows prospective examination of the onset of spontaneous immortalization and tumorigenicity. We documented the accumulation of cytogenomic aberrations in CKB1-3T7 over 24 months in continuous culture. The majority of aberrations emerged in parallel with key phenotypic changes in cell morphology, growth kinetics, and tumor incidence and latency. Focal deletion of CDKN2A/B emerged first, preceding the onset and progression of tumorigenic potential, and progressed to a homozygous deletion across the cell population during extended culture. Interestingly, CKB1-3T7 demonstrated a tumorigenic phenotype in vivo prior to exhibiting loss of contact inhibition in vitro. We also performed the first genome-wide characterization of the canine tumorigenic cell line MDCK, which also exhibited CDKN2A/B deletion. MDCK and CKB1-3T7 cells shared several additional aberrations that we have reported previously as being highly recurrent in spontaneous canine cancers, many of which, as with CDKN2A/B deletion, are evolutionarily conserved in their human counterparts. The conservation of these molecular events across multiple species, in vitro and in vivo, despite their contrasting karyotypic architecture, is a powerful indicator of a common mechanism underlying emerging neoplastic activity. Through integrated cytogenomic and phenotypic characterization of serial passages of CKB1-3T7 from initiation to development of a tumorigenic phenotype, we present a robust and readily accessible model (to be made available through the American Type Culture Collection) of spontaneous neoplastic transformation that overcomes many of the limitations of earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Omeir
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - B Teferedegne
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - C Williams
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - G Foseh
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - J Macauley
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - L Brinster
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - J Beren
- Office of Counter-Terrorism and Emergency Coordination, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - K Peden
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - M Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. .,Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - A M Lewis
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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37
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Shapiro SG, Raghunath S, Williams C, Motsinger-Reif AA, Cullen JM, Liu T, Albertson D, Ruvolo M, Bergstrom Lucas A, Jin J, Knapp DW, Schiffman JD, Breen M. Canine urothelial carcinoma: genomically aberrant and comparatively relevant. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:311-31. [PMID: 25783786 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also referred to as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common bladder malignancy in both human and canine populations. In human UC, numerous studies have demonstrated the prevalence of chromosomal imbalances. Although the histopathology of the disease is similar in both species, studies evaluating the genomic profile of canine UC are lacking, limiting the discovery of key comparative molecular markers associated with driving UC pathogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated 31 primary canine UC biopsies by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH). Results highlighted the presence of three highly recurrent numerical aberrations: gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 36 and loss of CFA 19. Regional gains of CFA 13 and 36 were present in 97 % and 84 % of cases, respectively, and losses on CFA 19 were present in 77 % of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using targeted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and custom Agilent SureFISH probes, was performed to detect and quantify these regions in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections and urine-derived urothelial cells. The data indicate that these three aberrations are potentially diagnostic of UC. Comparison of our canine oaCGH data with that of 285 human cases identified a series of shared copy number aberrations. Using an informatics approach to interrogate the frequency of copy number aberrations across both species, we identified those that had the highest joint probability of association with UC. The most significant joint region contained the gene PABPC1, which should be considered further for its role in UC progression. In addition, cross-species filtering of genome-wide copy number data highlighted several genes as high-profile candidates for further analysis, including CDKN2A, S100A8/9, and LRP1B. We propose that these common aberrations are indicative of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of pathogenesis and harbor genes key to urothelial neoplasia, warranting investigation for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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38
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Sanderson ND, Norman PJ, Guethlein LA, Ellis SA, Williams C, Breen M, Park SDE, Magee DA, Babrzadeh F, Warry A, Watson M, Bradley DG, MacHugh DE, Parham P, Hammond JA. Definition of the cattle killer cell Ig-like receptor gene family: comparison with aurochs and human counterparts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:6016-30. [PMID: 25398326 PMCID: PMC4258407 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Under selection pressure from pathogens, variable NK cell receptors that recognize polymorphic MHC class I evolved convergently in different species of placental mammal. Unexpectedly, diversified killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are shared by simian primates, including humans, and cattle, but not by other species. Whereas much is known of human KIR genetics and genomics, knowledge of cattle KIR is limited to nine cDNA sequences. To facilitate comparison of the cattle and human KIR gene families, we determined the genomic location, structure, and sequence of two cattle KIR haplotypes and defined KIR sequences of aurochs, the extinct wild ancestor of domestic cattle. Larger than its human counterpart, the cattle KIR locus evolved through successive duplications of a block containing ancestral KIR3DL and KIR3DX genes that existed before placental mammals. Comparison of two cattle KIR haplotypes and aurochs KIR show the KIR are polymorphic and the gene organization and content appear conserved. Of 18 genes, 8 are functional and 10 were inactivated by point mutation. Selective inactivation of KIR3DL and activating receptor genes leaves a functional cohort of one inhibitory KIR3DL, one activating KIR3DX, and six inhibitory KIR3DX. Functional KIR diversity evolved from KIR3DX in cattle and from KIR3DL in simian primates. Although independently evolved, cattle and human KIR gene families share important function-related properties, indicating that cattle KIR are NK cell receptors for cattle MHC class I. Combinations of KIR and MHC class I are the major genetic factors associated with human disease and merit investigation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035
| | - Shirley A Ellis
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Williams
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, Raleigh, NC 27539; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Steven D E Park
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Warry
- Bioscience Information Technology Services, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Swindon SN2 1UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035
| | - John A Hammond
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
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