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Martínez IR, Catalá-Pizarro M, Moreno JR. Association between perfectionism, personality traits and probable sleep bruxism in Spanish schoolchildren: A case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:516-523. [PMID: 38200627 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of Sleep bruxism includes specific personality traits, related to perfectionism. AIM To investigate the relationship between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and personality traits in children and their parents, determining whether children with PSB and their parents are more perfectionists. DESIGN This case-control study included 104 children aged 8-9 years, 52 cases and 52 controls. A clinical examination was performed on the children who completed the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and the Child Perfectionism Inventory. Parents completed a bruxism diagnostic questionnaire according to the AASM criteria, BFQ and Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale questionnaires. t-Tests for independent samples and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A significant relationship between PSB and a self-demanding personality (OR = 1.11, p = .01), restless sleep (OR = 4.41, p = .004), and a family history of clenching and grinding teeth (OR = 3.07, p = .0006) was found in a binary logistic regression model. When adjusted, only restless sleep showed a significant relationship with PSB (p = .03, OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.13-9.81). CONCLUSION Children whose parents reported as clenching or grinding their teeth while asleep in the previous 6 months, and who were found to have abnormal dental wear, had significantly more nightmares, sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness, family history of bruxism, and tended to be more perfectionist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Catalá-Pizarro
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Rojo Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Lunn J, Greene D, Callaghan T, Egan SJ. Associations between perfectionism and symptoms of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression in young people: a meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:460-487. [PMID: 37194469 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2211736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process contributing to the onset and maintenance of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between perfectionism, and symptoms of anxiety, OCD and depression among young people aged 6-24 years. A systematic literature search retrieved a total of 4,927 articles, with 121 studies included (Mpooled age = ~17.70 years). Perfectionistic concerns demonstrated significant moderate pooled correlations with symptoms of anxiety (r = .37-.41), OCD (r = .42), and depression (r = .40). Perfectionistic strivings demonstrated significant, small correlations with symptoms of anxiety (r = .05) and OCD (r = .19). The findings highlight the substantial link between perfectionistic concerns and psychopathology in young people, and to a smaller extent perfectionistic strivings, anxiety, and OCD. The results indicate the importance of further research on early intervention for perfectionism to improve youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lunn
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Danyelle Greene
- Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Callaghan
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah J Egan
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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3
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Paulich KN, Freis SM, Dokuru DR, Alexander JD, Vrieze SI, Corley RP, McGue M, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC. Exploring Relationships Between Internalizing Problems and Risky Sexual Behavior: A Twin Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:331-347. [PMID: 37165251 PMCID: PMC11138211 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous research links risky sexual behavior (RSB) to externalizing problems and to substance use, but little research has been conducted on relationships between internalizing problems (INT) and RSB. The current study addresses that literature gap, using both a twin sample from Colorado (N = 2567) and a second twin sample from Minnesota (N = 1131) in attempt to replicate initial results. We explored the hypothesis that the latent variable INT would be more strongly associated with the latent variable RSB for females than for males, examining relationships between INT and RSB via phenotypic confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate twin analyses. We found a small but significant phenotypic association between the latent variables. However, despite using two large twin samples, limited power restricted our ability to identify the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying this association. Our sex differences hypothesis was not fully supported in either sample and requires further investigation. Our findings illustrate the complexity of the relationship between internalizing problems and risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie N Paulich
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Samantha M Freis
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Deepika R Dokuru
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th St, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Wang Y, Tao Y, Zhu L, Li Y, Huang D. Preschool children’s negative affect and social skills in China: The moderating effect of the teacher–child relationship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:991039. [PMID: 36211844 PMCID: PMC9533076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative affect is an important temperament in children, influencing their social skills. However, the evidence for this association in preschool children is limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms that explain the relationship between preschool children’s negative affect and social skills remain less understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to examine the moderating role of the teacher–child relationship in the associations between negative affect and social skills of Chinese preschoolers. A sample of 198 preschool children (Mage = 58.64 ± 3.83 months, 53% boys), recruited from 13 classes in two public kindergartens in Shanghai, China, participated in this 1-year longitudinal study. The mothers reported children’s negative affect, while the teachers reported children’s social skills and the teacher–child relationship. Results of a series of moderating effect analyses showed that (1) T1 negative affect could significantly negatively predict T2 social skills (cooperation, self-control, and assertion), and (2) the associations between negative affect and social skills were moderated by the teacher–child relationship (including teacher–child closeness and conflict). Specifically, a high level of teacher–child closeness buffered the prediction of negative affect on social skills, while a high level of teacher–child conflict aggravated the said prediction. The findings highlight the importance of the teacher–child relationship in the development of children’s social skills during preschool age when they have a high level of negative affect. This has important implications for the development of interventions to improve teacher–child relationships and children’s social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Shanghai Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwen Huang
- Shanghai Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dingwen Huang,
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Endleman S, Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. The longitudinal associations between perfectionism and academic achievement across adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254211037400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The directionality and longitudinal course between perfectionism and academic achievement throughout adolescence remains unclear as most studies rely on cross-sectional or short-term data and many examine these associations in university students who do not represent the full spectrum of learners. Moreover, most studies are hampered by their reliance on student-reported grades. We rectified these issues by examining the longitudinal relation between self-reported perfectionism and teacher-rated academic achievement (grade point average) in a sample of 604 Canadian adolescents followed prospectively from Grade 7 to Grade 12. Using path analysis, results demonstrated a positive relation between academic achievement and perfectionism. In particular, academic achievement positively predicted self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) at every time point. Academic achievement also positively predicted socially prescribed perfectionism across every time point. At no time point did either form of perfectionism predict academic achievement, highlighting that perfectionism is more likely an outcome of academic achievement, rather than an antecedent. Results also demonstrated that the cross-lagged effect from academic achievement to SOP was stronger at the transition from middle school to high school compared to pathways in all subsequent years. Overall, such findings imply that adolescents who experience academic success are more likely to experience increases in levels of perfectionism, which may increase their vulnerability to stress.
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Vecchione M, Vacca M. An Italian adaptation of the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Testing measurement invariance across grade levels and exploring associations with academic achievement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255814. [PMID: 34358282 PMCID: PMC8345875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the properties of an Italian version of the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS), one of the most widely used instrument for the assessment of self-oriented (SOP) and socially-prescribed (SPP) perfectionism in young people. The study was conducted on two large samples of middle (n = 379, Mage = 11.31) and high school (n = 451, Mage = 15.21) students. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the expected three-factor structure, comprising SOP-Striving, SOP-Critical, and SPP. Multigroup analyses provided evidence of configural, metric, and (partial) scalar measurement invariance across grade levels. Structural invariance (i.e., the invariance of factor variances and covariances) was also established. The scale scores exhibited a differentiated pattern of relations with personality traits and academic achievement, as measured by school grades: SOP-Critical and SPP were positively related to neuroticism and have adverse effects on grades of middle and high school students, respectively. SOP-Striving, by contrast, was positively related to conscientiousness and predicted higher grades. The SOP-Striving-achievement relation was consistent across grade levels and held even after controlling for individual differences in conscientiousness and neuroticism. In sum, results from this study establish sound psychometric properties for an Italian version of the CAPS, providing support for the dual nature of self-oriented perfectionism among adolescents of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vecchione
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Vicent M, Rubio-Aparicio M, Sánchez-Meca J, Gonzálvez C. A reliability generalization meta-analysis of the child and adolescent perfectionism scale. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:533-544. [PMID: 30445380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfectionism is a prevalent disposition of personality involved in the development and maintenance of a wide range of psychological disorders. The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) is the most usually applied test to assess perfectionism in children and adolescents. This study aimed: (a) to conduct a reliability generalization meta-analysis to estimate the average reliability of the CAPS scores and to search for characteristics of the studies that may explain the variability among reliability estimates, and (b) to estimate the reliability induction rate of the CAPS. METHOD An exhaustive search allowed to select 56 studies that reported alpha coefficients with the data at hand for the CAPS. RESULTS The average alpha coefficients were 0.87, 0.84 and 0.83, respectively for the CAPS total score and its two subscales, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP). Regarding O'Connor's version, the average reliability coefficients were 0.82, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively, for SPP, SOP-Critical and SOP-Strivings. Some study characteristics (ethnicity, language, mean age and standard deviation of the scores, psychometric vs applied) showed a statistical association with the reliability coefficients of SPP and SOP. The reliability induction rate was 29.8%. LIMITATIONS Due to the scarcity of studies, we could not examine the reliability scores of other versions of the CAPS and test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS In terms of reliability, the original version of the CAPS present better results than O'Connor's version. The original version of the CAPS is a reliable instrument to be employed with general research purposes, but not for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching. University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Rubio-Aparicio
- Department of Applied Psychology for Health and Human Behavior. University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching. University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Rubin DH, Crehan ET, Althoff RR, Rettew DC, Krist E, Harder V, Walkup JT, Hudziak JJ. Temperamental Characteristics of Withdrawn Behavior Problems in Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:478-484. [PMID: 27456111 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Withdrawn/depressed behavior (WD) as defined by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) relates to various outcomes in developmental psychopathology such as depression, pervasive developmental disorders, and suicide. We sought to examine the temperamental characteristics of children who concurrently endorse symptoms of WD. Junior Temperament and Characteristic Inventory (JTCI) and CBCL data were collected from 397 children's parents in a family study in the northeastern United States. Linear mixed models were used to test the relations between WD and temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence) on the JTCI, while controlling for age, sex, item overlap, and co-occurring aggression and attention problems. When controlling for definitional artifact and CBCL aggressive behavior and attention scores, high harm avoidance and low reward dependence were both significant predictors of childhood withdrawn behavior. This study marks the first characterization of a temperamental profile associated with WD in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Eileen T Crehan
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David C Rettew
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Erica Krist
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Valerie Harder
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - James J Hudziak
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Emotional Control Mediates the Association Between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Worry in Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:73-81. [PMID: 27250731 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that perfectionism predicts for increased worry in children. Theoretically, children with high levels of perfectionism may show a decreased ability to control their emotions during times of perceived failure. Children may then worry as a maladaptive attempt to cope with intense emotions. The current study sought to test the mediating role of emotional control on the relation between perfectionism dimensions and worry in children. Participants were 66 parent-child dyads. Children were 7-13 years (50 % male; 77.3 % Caucasian, 9.1 % African American). Overall the model fit the data well. Results indicated that perfectionism domains predicted for emotional control deficits and increased worry. Emotional control also partially mediated the relation between perfectionism dimensions and worry. These results suggest that emotional control may be one mechanism through which perfectionism exerts its effect on worry and perfectionistic children may worry due to difficulty controlling their emotional responses.
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