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Bartels L, Skar AMS, Birkeland MS, Ormhaug SM, Berliner L, Jensen TK. The differential impact of the DSM-5 post-traumatic stress symptoms on functional impairment in traumatized children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1573-1581. [PMID: 37530860 PMCID: PMC11098905 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to provide a better understanding of the individual impact of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on functional impairment in trauma-exposed children and adolescents. Identifying PTSS that have the most impact on functional impairment can broaden our understanding of post-trauma reactions and guide the selection of treatment components and techniques required to help patients to restore functioning following trauma exposure. METHOD Utilizing relative importance analyses, unique shared variance of each DSM-5 PTSS with functional impairment were estimated in clinical samples of 3400 Norwegian (Mage = 14.18, SDage = 2.49, rangeage = 7-17) and 747 US (Mage = 10.76, SDage = 3.10, rangeage = 7-17) children and adolescents from naturalistic settings. RESULTS Negative beliefs, detachment from others, inability to experience positive emotions, and diminished interest in activities within the symptom cluster negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and the hyperarousal symptom concentration problems accounted for the largest proportions of unique variance explained in functional impairment in both samples. Further, the hyperarousal symptom irritability showed a unique high association with functional impairment in the US sample. CONCLUSION As negative beliefs, emotional numbing symptoms, concentration problems and irritability may be especially related to functional impairment in traumatized children and adolescents, monitoring and targeting these symptoms throughout therapy might be of particular importance to restore functioning as early as possible and to facilitate overall recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bartels
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Silje Mørup Ormhaug
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy Berliner
- Harborview Abuse and Trauma Center, Patricia Steel Building, 401 Broadway, Suite 2075, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Tine K Jensen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway
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Lawler S, Barrett EL, Teesson M, Kelly E, Champion KE, Debenham J, Smout A, Chapman C, Slade T, Conrod PJ, Newton NC, Stapinski L. The long-term effectiveness of a personality-targeted substance use prevention program on aggression from adolescence to early adulthood. Psychol Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38680095 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing aggressive behavior in adolescence is a key step toward preventing violence and associated social and economic costs in adulthood. This study examined the secondary effects of the personality-targeted substance use preventive program Preventure on aggressive behavior from ages 13 to 20. METHODS In total, 339 young people from nine independent schools (M age = 13.03 years, s.d. = 0.47, range = 12-15) who rated highly on one of the four personality traits associated with increased substance use and other emotional/behavioral symptoms (i.e. impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking, and negative thinking) were included in the analyses (n = 145 in Preventure, n = 194 in control). Self-report assessments were administered at baseline and follow-up (6 months, 1, 2, 3, 5.5, and 7 years). Overall aggression and subtypes of aggressive behaviors (proactive, reactive) were examined using multilevel mixed-effects analysis accounting for school-level clustering. RESULTS Across the 7-year follow-up period, the average yearly reduction in the frequency of aggressive behaviors (b = -0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.64 to -0.20; p < 0.001), reactive aggression (b = -0.22; 95% CI 0.35 to -0.10; p = 0.001), and proactive aggression (b = -0.14; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.05; p = 0.002) was greater for the Preventure group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests a brief personality-targeted intervention may have long-term impacts on aggression among young people; however, this interpretation is limited by imbalance of sex ratios between study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Lawler
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma L Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kelly
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Smout
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang R, Chen J, Zhang C, Xu W. Longitudinal association of mindfulness with aggression and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The mediating role of shame-proneness. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22121. [PMID: 37909325 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the longitudinal association of facets of mindfulness with aggression and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents and to explore whether shame-proneness can mediate the longitudinal association. The present longitudinal study investigated the associations between mindfulness, aggression, and NSSI in a sample of 706 Chinese adolescents (M = 15.33; SD = 1.34; 50.20% girls). Five facet mindfulness questionnaire was completed at baseline and middle school students' shame scale was completed at 6-month follow-up. The Chinese version of Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire and adolescents' self-harm scale were completed at both baseline and 6-month follow-up. Shame-proneness significantly mediated the longitudinal association between (a) describing and aggression (-0.107, 95% CI: [-0.151 to -0.067]), and NSSI (-0.041, 95% CI: [-0.069 to -0.019]). (b) Acting with awareness and aggression (-0.094, 95% CI: [-0.139 to -0.061]), and NSSI (-0.036, 95% CI: [-0.062 to -0.016]). (c) Nonjudging and aggression (-0.062, 95% CI: [-0.107 to -0.024]) and NSSI (-0.024, 95% CI: [-0.047 to -0.008]). Describing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging were predictive factors of aggression and self-injury in adolescents, and shame-proneness played a crucial role in the negative longitudinal association between them. Findings from the current study may offer some implications in the domains of clinical practice and education to improve mental health and further ameliorate the misbehavior among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ganson KT, Testa A, Rodgers RF, Jackson DB, Nagata JM. Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:2566-2584. [PMID: 35546543 PMCID: PMC9850380 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting among adolescent boys. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (U.S.) were analyzed (N = 4120). Muscle-building exercise was assessed based on the number of days reported in the past 7 days, recategorized into four levels of engagement (no engagement [0 days], low engagement [1-2 days], moderate engagement [3-5 days], and high engagement [6-7 days]). Three forms of weapon carrying (general, on school grounds, gun carrying) and two forms of physical fighting (general, on school grounds) were assessed. Five logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting, while adjusting for relevant demographic and control variables. Over 75% of participants reported engaging in muscle-building exercise. One in five (19.8%) participants reported any general weapon carrying in the past 30 days, 3.3% reported any weapon carrying at school in the past 30 days, 6.5% reported any gun carrying in the past 12 months, 28.0% reported any general physical fighting in the past 12 months, and 10.7% reported any physical fighting at school in the past 12 months. Logistic regressions showed that, compared to no engagement, participants who reported high engagement of muscle-building exercise had higher odds of general weapon carrying (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.54-3.07), gun carrying (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.23-3.64), and general physical fighting (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.53-2.79). These are novel findings that add to a growing literature related to engagement in muscularity-oriented behaviors among males. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed to ensure that adolescent boys engage in muscle-building exercise in ways that are not harmful and to reduce weapon carrying and physical fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Testa
- University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel F. Rodgers
- Northeastern
University, Boston, MA, USA
- Lapeyronie
Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason M. Nagata
- University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco,
CA, USA
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Mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between leisure experience and aggression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9903. [PMID: 35701502 PMCID: PMC9197970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that both the daily experiences and personal traits of adolescents are linked to aggression. Our aim was to further investigate the relationship between leisure experience, self-esteem, and aggression according to the general aggression model. In addition, within frustration-aggression theory, we proposed that leisure experience and aggression have a negative correlation. Furthermore, based on broaden-and-build theory, we explored the mediating role of self-esteem between leisure experience and aggression. The participants included 660 Chinese teenagers with an average age of 14.3. Among them, male students accounted for 310 (49.4%) and female students accounted for 318 (50.6%). The results showed that leisure experience was positively correlated with self-esteem and negatively correlated with aggression, while self-esteem was also negatively correlated with aggression. Additionally, self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between leisure experience and aggression. Our study could enrich research on leisure and provide a basis for protective factors of aggression in adolescents.
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Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li C. Does adolescents’ Internet addiction trigger depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior, or vice versa? The moderating roles of peer relationships and gender. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meter DJ, Ehrenreich SE, Beron K, Underwood MK. Listening In: How Parent-Child Communication Relates to Social and Physical Aggression. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:1540-1553. [PMID: 38666246 PMCID: PMC11045039 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-01959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relations between features of parent-child conversations (neutral talk, positive and negative in-dyad and out-dyad talk) and children's social and physical aggression from ages 9-18. Participants were 297 youth (52% girls) of about 9 years old at Time 1 and their parent. Fifty-two percent of this United States sample identified as White, 20% Black, 20% Hispanic, 8% other races/ethnicities. One hundred eighty-seven parents participated in the parent-child observation task. Ninety four percent of parent participants were mothers. Parent-child conversations were observed in the laboratory during preadolescence, and teachers reported child's aggression. Using multinomial logit analyses, we found that coded observations of communication features predicted membership in linear trajectories of social and physical aggression across nine years of adolescence; trajectories were derived via mixture modeling. Parent and child communication characteristics were related to trajectories of aggression that spanned preadolescence and adolescence; however, not all predicted associations were significant. Children's talk about neutral topics predicted being on a lower social aggression trajectory. Positive out-dyad talk from children was related to being on a lower physical aggression trajectory, as was parent in-dyad positive talk. After controlling for other factors, neither parent nor child in- or out-dyad negative talk was associated with social or physical aggression. These findings highlight the importance of positive communication by youth and toward youth in association with long-term social adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Meter
- Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, 2905 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Samuel E. Ehrenreich
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St., MS 140, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kurt Beron
- School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800W. Campbell Road, GR 31, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Marion K. Underwood
- Dean of the College of Health and Human Services, Purdue University, Stone Hall, Room 110, 700W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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