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Vogt AJ, Bartels L, Bertschi IC, Mahler F, Grotzer M, Konrad D, Leibundgut K, Rössler J, Bodenmann G, Landolt MA. Assessing We-Disease Appraisals of Health Problems: Development and Validation of the We-Disease Questionnaire. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:941-953. [PMID: 38667816 PMCID: PMC11049654 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In couples dealing with health problems, we-disease appraisals can influence dyadic coping strategies to alleviate distress. This study describes the development and validation of a self-report scale to assess we-disease appraisals of health problems. The newly developed We-Disease Questionnaire (WDQ) was administered in three samples: parents of children with type 1 diabetes (n = 240) or cancer (n = 125) and individuals with visual impairment and their partners (n = 216). Reliability was measured by coefficient omega. To assess construct validity, correlations with other measures of individual and dyadic adjustment were examined. Descriptive statistics across all samples were compared. A 4-item version of the WDQ demonstrated good reliability and validity and showed meaningful associations with established scales. We-disease appraisals were highest among parents of children with cancer and lowest among couples with visual impairment. The WDQ is a reliable and valid measure that can be used across different health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Vogt
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
| | - Lasse Bartels
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
| | - Isabella C. Bertschi
- Division of Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland (G.B.)
| | - Fiona Mahler
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
| | - Michael Grotzer
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Leibundgut
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland; (K.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Jochen Rössler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland; (K.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Division of Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland (G.B.)
| | - Markus A. Landolt
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.G.)
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Bartels L, Skar AMS, Birkeland MS, Ormhaug SM, Berliner L, Jensen TK. The differential impact of the DSM-5 post-traumatic stress symptoms on functional impairment in traumatized children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02266-w. [PMID: 37530860 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to provide a better understanding of the individual impact of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) on functional impairment in trauma-exposed children and adolescents. Identifying PTSS that have the most impact on functional impairment can broaden our understanding of post-trauma reactions and guide the selection of treatment components and techniques required to help patients to restore functioning following trauma exposure. METHOD Utilizing relative importance analyses, unique shared variance of each DSM-5 PTSS with functional impairment were estimated in clinical samples of 3400 Norwegian (Mage = 14.18, SDage = 2.49, rangeage = 7-17) and 747 US (Mage = 10.76, SDage = 3.10, rangeage = 7-17) children and adolescents from naturalistic settings. RESULTS Negative beliefs, detachment from others, inability to experience positive emotions, and diminished interest in activities within the symptom cluster negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and the hyperarousal symptom concentration problems accounted for the largest proportions of unique variance explained in functional impairment in both samples. Further, the hyperarousal symptom irritability showed a unique high association with functional impairment in the US sample. CONCLUSION As negative beliefs, emotional numbing symptoms, concentration problems and irritability may be especially related to functional impairment in traumatized children and adolescents, monitoring and targeting these symptoms throughout therapy might be of particular importance to restore functioning as early as possible and to facilitate overall recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bartels
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Silje Mørup Ormhaug
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy Berliner
- Harborview Abuse and Trauma Center, Patricia Steel Building, 401 Broadway, Suite 2075, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Tine K Jensen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway
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Bartels L, Sachser C, Landolt MA. Age-related similarities and differences in networks of acute trauma-related stress symptoms in younger and older preschool children. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1948788. [PMID: 34367529 PMCID: PMC8317923 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1948788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research on trauma-exposed preschool children has found various levels of trauma-related stress symptoms depending on age, which might be explained by developmental factors. OBJECTIVE This study uses network analysis to extend prior research and compare symptom presentation in younger and older preschoolers in the acute phase (first 4 weeks) following a potentially traumatic event. METHOD Parent-reported trauma-related acute stress symptoms were assessed using the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale - Early Screener via www.kidtrauma.com. First, the overall symptom severity and symptom levels were compared between younger (1-3 years) and older (4-6 years) preschoolers. Further, two Gaussian graphical models of stress symptoms in younger (n = 242; Mage = 2.3 years; SDage = 0.6 years) and older preschoolers (n = 299; Mage = 4.8 years; SDage = 0.7 years) were modelled and compared. RESULTS Overall symptom severity did not differ between the groups. Symptom levels for developmental regression and avoidance of talking about the event were higher in older preschoolers. The network structures of the younger and the older preschoolers were largely similar. Highly central symptoms in both networks were trauma-unrelated fear and anger. The connections between fear of reminders and clinginess and trauma-unrelated fear and clinginess were stronger in the older preschoolers' network. The connections between worry and sadness and withdrawal; fear of reminders and creation of games, stories, and pictures; and whininess and clinginess were all stronger in the younger preschoolers' network. CONCLUSIONS Trauma-related stress symptomatology of younger and older preschoolers may not differ greatly in the acute phase. Trauma-unrelated fear and anger seem to be central symptoms in both groups. However, examining symptom-level associations across age groups revealed differential connections that might arise from developmental differences. If replicated in longitudinal and within-subject studies, these findings could help tailor interventions for trauma-exposed preschoolers in the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bartels
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Sachser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus A Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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de Jong G, Bartels L, Kedde M, Verdegaal EME, Gillissen MA, Levie SE, Cercel MG, van Hal-van Veen SE, Fatmawati C, van de Berg D, Yasuda E, Claassen YB, Bakker AQ, van der Burg SH, Schotte R, Villaudy J, Spits H, Hazenberg MD, van Helden PM, Wagner K. Melanoma cells can be eliminated by sialylated CD43 × CD3 bispecific T cell engager formats in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1569-1581. [PMID: 33225419 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy with monoclonal antibodies has proven successful for different cancer types but is limited by the availability of suitable antibody targets. CD43s, a unique sialylated form of CD43 expressed by hematologic malignancies, is a recently identified target and antibodies interacting with CD43s may have therapeutic potential against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. CD43s is recognized by the human antibody AT1413, that was derived from a high-risk AML patient who successfully cleared leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Here we observed that AT1413 binds also to certain non-hematopoietic tumor cells, particularly melanoma and breast cancer. AT1413 immune precipitated CD43s from melanoma cells confirming that it recognizes the same target on melanoma as on AML. AT1413 induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against short-term cultured patient-derived melanoma samples. However, AT1413 was unable to affect the growth of melanoma cells in vivo. To increase the efficacy of AT1413 as a therapeutic antibody, we generated two different formats of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies (TCEs): one binding bivalently (bTCE) and the other monovalently (knob-in-hole; KiH) to both CD43s and CD3ε. In vitro, these TCEs redirected T-cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cells with differences in potencies. To investigate their effects in vivo, we grafted mice that harbor a human immune system with the melanoma cell line A375. Treatment with both AT1413 bTCE and AT1413 KiH significantly reduced tumor outgrowth in these mice. These data indicate a broad therapeutic potential of AT1413 that includes AML and CD43s-expressing solid tumors that originate from CD43-negative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Jong
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Bartels
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kedde
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M E Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M A Gillissen
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Levie
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Cercel
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Fatmawati
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D van de Berg
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Yasuda
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y B Claassen
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Q Bakker
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Schotte
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Villaudy
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Helden
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - K Wagner
- AIMM Therapeutics, Meibergdreef 59, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Bartels L, Berliner L, Holt T, Jensen T, Jungbluth N, Plener P, Risch E, Rojas R, Rosner R, Sachser C. The importance of the DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of cognitions and mood in traumatized children and adolescents: two network approaches. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:545-554. [PMID: 30648742 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the central symptoms of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents from the perspective of the child and its caregiver. Identifying core symptoms of PTSD can help clinicians to understand what may be relevant targets for treatment. PTSD may present itself differently in children and adolescents compared to adults, and no study so far has investigated the DSM-5 PTSD conceptualization using network analysis. METHODS The network structure of DSM-5 PTSD was investigated in a clinical sample of n = 475 self-reports of children and adolescents and n = 424 caregiver-reports using (a) regularized partial correlation models and (b) a Bayesian approach computing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). RESULTS (a) The 20 DSM-5 PTSD symptoms were positively connected within the self-report and the caregiver-report sample. The most central symptoms were negative trauma-related cognitions and persistent negative emotional state for the self-report and negative trauma-related cognitions, intrusive thoughts or memories and exaggerated startle response for the caregiver-report. (b) Similarly, symptoms in the negative alterations in cognitions and mood cluster (NACM) have emerged as key drivers of other symptoms in traumatized children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS As the symptoms in the DSM-5 NACM cluster were central in our regularized partial correlation networks and also appeared to be the driving forces in the DAGs, these might represent important symptoms within PTSD symptomatology and may offer key targets in PTSD treatment for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bartels
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucy Berliner
- Harborview Center for Sexual Assault and Traumatic Stress, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tonje Holt
- Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo.,Mental & Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | - Tine Jensen
- Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paul Plener
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Risch
- Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roberto Rojas
- Institute for Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Cedric Sachser
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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De Jong G, Bartels L, Kedde M, Verdegaal E, Yasuda E, Helden PV, Wagner K, Schotte R, Spits H, Hazenberg M. PO-434 AT1413 antibody derived from a cured AML patient recognisesa unique sialylated CD43 epitope shared by AML, MDS and melanoma cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bartels L, Jong GD, Yasuda E, Kattler V, Bakker A, Villaudy J, Helden PV, Hazenberg M, Spits H, Wagner K. PO-436 Retargeting T-cell cytotoxicity to a unique sialylated epitope on CD43 expressed by acute myeloid leukaemia. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
We found that anthraquinone diffuses along a straight line across a flat, highly symmetric Cu111 surface. It can also reversibly attach one or two CO2 molecules as "cargo" and act as a "molecule carrier," thereby transforming the diffusive behavior of the CO2 molecules from isotropic to linear. Density functional theory calculations indicated a substrate-mediated attraction of approximately 0.12 electron volt (eV). Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed individual steps of the molecular complex on its diffusion pathway, with increases of approximately 0.03 and approximately 0.02 eV in the diffusion barrier upon attachment of the first and second CO2 molecule, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wong
- Pierce Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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9
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Abstract
A systematic study of the dehydrogenation of substituted thiophenols by controlled charge injection from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) reveals a pronounced dependence of the reaction yield on the position and the chemical nature of the substituent. We evaluate the dehydrogenation rate of para-halo-substituted species within a linear free energy relationship, namely the Hammett equation. The resultant rho value of 1.4 can faithfully predict the reaction rates of molecules that are meta-halo-substituted or para-methyl-substituted. The positive sign of rho suggests a negatively charged transition state at the core of the STM-induced process, and the magnitude of the rho value indicates that the presence of the substrate does not preclude substantial substituent effects. The applicability of the Hammett equation to single-molecule chemistry offers facile prediction of the rate of STM-based single-molecule chemistry in a field, which so far has been addressed by focusing on involved quantum-mechanical modeling of its underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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10
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Wong KL, Lin X, Kwon KY, Pawin G, Rao BV, Liu A, Bartels L, Stolbov S, Rahman TS. Halogen-substituted thiophenol molecules on Cu(111). Langmuir 2004; 20:10928-10934. [PMID: 15568842 DOI: 10.1021/la048208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Para-halosubstituted thiophenols (X-TPs, where X is Br, Cl, or F) form ordered islands and monolayers on Cu(111) at temperatures as low as 81 K. At incomplete coverages, all X-TPs adsorb with the dehydrogenated thiol group attached to the substrate and the substituted ring inclined toward the surface, as verified experimentally and theoretically. The structure of ordered islands has a pronounced dependence on the nature of the halogen substituent: while unsubstituted TP and pentafluoro-TP molecules do not self-assemble into extended ordered patterns at 81 K, X-TP molecules form a range of different structures which depend both on the size and electronegativity of the substituent, as well as on the coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wong
- Pierce Hall, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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11
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Rao BV, Kwon KY, Zhang J, Liu A, Bartels L. Low-temperature mobility and structure formation of a prochiral aromatic thiol (2,5-dichlorothiophenol) on Cu(111). Langmuir 2004; 20:4406-12. [PMID: 15969146 DOI: 10.1021/la030364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy study of increasing coverages of 2,5-dichlorothiophenol, an asymmetrically halo-substituted aromatic thiol, on Cu(111). At low coverage, deprotonation of the thiol occurs spontaneously upon adsorption at 80 K. Albeit the low deposition temperature, we find the formation of adsorbate islands at low coverage, which coalesce into a well-ordered film of horizontally adsorbed molecules at increasing coverage. This behavior indicates (i) significant mobility of the thiols on Cu(111) even at low temperatures and (ii) attractive adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. At higher coverages intermolecular interactions prevent long-range diffusion of adsorbates and thermal activation of the S-H bond becomes necessary. A close analysis of the molecular films reveals chiral recognition between neighboring molecules, which leads to the formation of enantiopure areas on the surface. Upright orientation of individual molecules starts at the boundaries between such phases and can be induced by scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Rao
- Pierce Hall, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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12
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Hla SW, Bartels L, Meyer G, Rieder KH. Inducing all steps of a chemical reaction with the scanning tunneling microscope tip: towards single molecule engineering. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:2777-2780. [PMID: 10991231 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
All elementary steps of a chemical reaction have been successfully induced on individual molecules with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in a controlled step-by-step manner utilizing a variety of manipulation techniques. The reaction steps involve the separation of iodine from iodobenzene by using tunneling electrons, bringing together two resultant phenyls mechanically by lateral manipulation and, finally, their chemical association to form a biphenyl molecule mediated by excitation with tunneling electrons. The procedures presented here constitute an important step towards the assembly of individual molecules out of simple building blocks in situ on the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- SW Hla
- Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany and Paul-Drude-Institut fur Festkorperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Shan J, Weling AS, Knoesel E, Bartels L, Bonn M, Nahata A, Reider GA, Heinz TF. Single-shot measurement of terahertz electromagnetic pulses by use of electro-optic sampling. Opt Lett 2000; 25:426-8. [PMID: 18059901 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple scheme for capturing the temporal waveforms of a freely propagating terahertz electromagnetic transient in a single shot. The method relies on electro-optic sampling in a noncollinear geometry for the terahertz radiation and the visible probe beam, coupled with multichannel detection. The approach provides time resolution that is comparable to that of conventional electro-optic sampling measurements.
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14
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Bartels L, Wolf M, Klamroth T, Saalfrank P, Kühnle A, Meyer G, Rieder KH. Atomic-scale chemistry: Desorption of ammonia from Cu(111) induced by tunneling electrons. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bartels L, Meyer G, Rieder KH. High-resolution spectroscopy of weakly chemisorbed species using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM): CO/Cu(111). Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Bartels L, Wolf M, Meyer G, Rieder KH. On the diffusion of `hot' adsorbates: a non-monotonic distribution of single particle diffusion lengths for CO/Cu(111). Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Siegers CP, Bartels L, Riemann D. Effects of fasting and glutathione depletors on the GSH-dependent enzyme system in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat. Pharmacology 1989; 38:121-8. [PMID: 2727048 DOI: 10.1159/000138529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In rats, the glutathione content of the gastrointestinal mucosa amounted to 50-60% of that of the liver. The GSH-S-transferase activity towards an aryl substrate (CDNB) was low in the stomach, colon and rectum, i.e. 5% of hepatic activity. In the small intestine there was a typical decline of activity from proximal to distal segments. GSH-Peroxidase was much lower in the intestinal mucosa as compared to the stomach and liver, whereas the GSSG-reductase was 2-3 times higher in the gastrointestinal tract in comparison to the liver. Fasting for 24 h significantly decreased the GSH content, GSH-aryltransferase and GSSG-reductase activities in the liver but not in the intestine, where even higher GSH concentrations were found in the proximal segments. L-Buthionine-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of the GSH-synthesis, caused a marked decrease of the GSH levels in the liver, stomach, proximal small intestine, colon and rectum and a concomitant decline in GSSG-reductase activity. Among the GSH-depleting agents, paracetamol exerted the strongest effect, whereas 1,1-dichloroethylene and phorone only decreased the GSH content in the liver and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Siegers
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University of Lübeck, FRG
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Bartels L, Luk LJ, Balis G, Bald C. Endaural brain hernia: repair using mastoid cortical bone. Am J Otol 1985; Suppl:121-5. [PMID: 4073237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We present three cases of endaural brain hernia and a method of repair using sculptured mastoid cortical bone. The literature is reviewed to illustrate etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and management options of this uncommon clinical entity. We classify the hernias as pedunculated or sessile, with associated factors such as viability of herniated brain, infection, CSF leak, and neurologic complications. A management scheme is proposed encompassing surgical options now available and their attendant risks and complications.
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