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Abdoli A, Olfatifar M, Eslahi AV, Moghadamizad Z, Samimi R, Habibi MA, Kianimoghadam AS, Badri M, Karanis P. A systematic review and meta-analysis of protozoan parasite infections among patients with mental health disorders: an overlooked phenomenon. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:7. [PMID: 38282036 PMCID: PMC10822187 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mental disorders have a high risk of intestinal parasitic infection due to poor hygiene practices. Hence, to better clarify this overlooked phenomenon, the current study is conducted to determine the global prevalence of protozoan parasite infections in patients with mental disorders and investigate the associated risk factors. METHODS Several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were searched for papers published until December 2022. The fixed effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the overall odds ratio (OR) and pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Totally, 131 articles (91 case-control and 40 cross-sectional studies) met the eligibility criteria. Patients with mental disorders were significantly at higher risk for protozoan parasites than healthy controls (OR: 2.059, 1.830-2.317). The highest pooled OR (2.485, 1.413-4.368) was related to patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, and the highest pooled prevalence was detected in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (0.341, 0.244-0.446), followed by bipolar and related disorders (0.321, 0.000-0.995). Toxoplasma gondii was the most prevalent protozoan parasite (0.343, 0.228-0.467) in cross-sectional studies and the highest pooled OR was related to Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.719, 1.352-16.474) followed by Cryptosporidium parvum (4.618, 2.877-7.412). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that individuals afflicted with mental disorders are significantly more susceptible to acquiring protozoan parasites in comparison to healthy individuals. Preventive interventions, regular screening, and treatment approaches for parasitic diseases should be considered for patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Aida Vafae Eslahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zeinab Moghadamizad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Samimi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Amir Sam Kianimoghadam
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.
- Medical School, Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Anatomy Centre, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Hajat S, Proestos Y, Araya-Lopez JL, Economou T, Lelieveld J. Current and future trends in heat-related mortality in the MENA region: a health impact assessment with bias-adjusted statistically downscaled CMIP6 (SSP-based) data and Bayesian inference. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e282-e290. [PMID: 37019569 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is one of the regions that is most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change, yet the potential public health impacts have been underexplored compared to other regions. We aimed to examine one aspect of these impacts, heat-related mortality, by quantifying the current and future burden in the MENA region and identifying the most vulnerable countries. METHODS We did a health impact assessment using an ensemble of bias-adjusted statistically downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) data based on four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2·6 [consistent with a 2°C global warming scenario], SSP2-4·5 [medium pathway scenario], SSP3-7·0 [pessimistic scenario], and SSP5-8·5 [high emissions scenario]) and Bayesian inference methods. Assessments were based on apparent temperature-mortality relationships specific to each climate subregion of MENA based on Koppen-Geiger climate type classification, and unique thresholds were characterised for each 50 km grid cell in the region. Future annual heat-related mortality was estimated for the period 2021-2100. Estimates were also presented with population held constant to quantify the contribution of projected demographic changes to the future heat-mortality burden. FINDINGS The average annual heat-related death rate across all MENA countries is currently 2·1 per 100 000 people. Under the two high emissions scenarios (SSP3-7·0 and SSP5-8·5), most of the MENA region will have experienced substantial warming by the 2060s. Annual heat-related deaths of 123·4 per 100 000 people are projected for MENA by 2100 under a high emissions scenario (SSP5-8·5), although this rate would be reduced by more than 80% (to 20·3 heat-related deaths per 100 000 people per year) if global warming could be limited to 2°C (ie, under the SSP1-2·6 scenario). Large increases are also expected by 2100 under the SSP3-7·0 scenario (89·8 heat-related deaths per 100 000 people per year) due to the high population growth projected under this pathway. Projections in MENA are far higher than previously observed in other regions, with Iran expected to be the most vulnerable country. INTERPRETATION Stronger climate change mitigation and adaptation policies are needed to avoid these heat-related mortality impacts. Since much of this increase will be driven by population changes, demographic policies and healthy ageing will also be key to successful adaptation. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research, EU Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakoor Hajat
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Yiannis Proestos
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jose-Luis Araya-Lopez
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theo Economou
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Environmental Predictions Department, Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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Arikan A, Cakir N. Climate change and future infectious diseases: A growing threat. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101088. [PMID: 36793894 PMCID: PMC9922958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Arikan
- Corresponding author. Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Marí-Dell’Olmo M, Oliveras L, Barón-Miras LE, Borrell C, Montalvo T, Ariza C, Ventayol I, Mercuriali L, Sheehan M, Gómez-Gutiérrez A, Villalbí JR. Climate Change and Health in Urban Areas with a Mediterranean Climate: A Conceptual Framework with a Social and Climate Justice Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12764. [PMID: 36232063 PMCID: PMC9566374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident and highlight the important interdependence between the well-being of people and ecosystems. Although climate change is a global phenomenon, its causes and consequences vary dramatically across territories and population groups. Among settings particularly susceptible to health impacts from climate change are cities with a Mediterranean climate. Here, impacts will put additional pressure on already-stressed ecosystems and vulnerable economies and societies, increasing health inequalities. Therefore, this article presents and discusses a conceptual framework for understanding the complex relationship between climate change and health in the context of cities with Mediterranean climate from a social and climate justice approach. The different elements that integrate the conceptual framework are: (1) the determinants of climate change; (2) its environmental and social consequences; (3) its direct and indirect impacts on health; and (4) the role of mitigation and adaptation policies. The model places special emphasis on the associated social and health inequalities through (1) the recognition of the role of systems of privilege and oppression; (2) the distinction between structural and intermediate determinants of climate change at the root of health inequalities; (3) the role of individual and collective vulnerability in mediating the effects of climate change on health; and (4) the need to act from a climate justice perspective to reverse health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Oliveras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Estefanía Barón-Miras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Montalvo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Ventayol
- Oficina de Canvi Climàtic i Sostenibilitat, Ajuntament de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 240, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilas Mercuriali
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Sheehan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Joint Johns Hopkins University-Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
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