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Liu W, Ren Y, Wang T, Wang M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Bi J, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. MFG-E8 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance to promote the metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176462. [PMID: 38431242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely malignant tumor, and only a few clinical treatment options exist. MFG-E8 and kindlin-2 all play an important role in cancer progression. However, the specific mechanism occurring between MFG-E8, kindlin-2 and the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells remains unelucidated. To unravel the specific mechanism, this study assessed the potential association between MFG-E8 and kindlin-2 as well as the involvement of MFG-E8 in pancreatic cancer using two pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1). Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with 0, 250, and 500 ng/ml MFG-E8, and the effects of MFG-E8 on the migration, invasion, and anoikis of pancreatic cancer cells were observed. To investigate the role of kindlin-2 in pancreatic cancer, kindlin-2-shRNAi was transfected to knock down its expression level in the two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, cilengitide, a receptor blocker of MFG-E8, was used to explore the relationship between MFG-E8, kindlin-2, and pancreatic cancer progression. Our findings demonstrated that MFG-E8 promotes the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and induces cell anoikis resistance in a dose-dependent manner, which was effectively counteracted by cilengitide, a receptor blocker. Additionally, the knockdown of kindlin-2 expression nullified the effect of MFG-E8 on the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Consequently, this study provides insights into the specific mechanism underlying the interplay between MFG-E8 and kindlin-2 in the progression of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujia Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Chowdhury D, Mistry A, Maity D, Bhatia R, Priyadarshi S, Wadan S, Chakraborty S, Haldar S. Pan-cancer analyses suggest kindlin-associated global mechanochemical alterations. Commun Biol 2024; 7:372. [PMID: 38548811 PMCID: PMC10978987 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Kindlins serve as mechanosensitive adapters, transducing extracellular mechanical cues to intracellular biochemical signals and thus, their perturbations potentially lead to cancer progressions. Despite the kindlin involvement in tumor development, understanding their genetic and mechanochemical characteristics across different cancers remains elusive. Here, we thoroughly examined genetic alterations in kindlins across more than 10,000 patients with 33 cancer types. Our findings reveal cancer-specific alterations, particularly prevalent in advanced tumor stage and during metastatic onset. We observed a significant co-alteration between kindlins and mechanochemical proteome in various tumors through the activation of cancer-related pathways and adverse survival outcomes. Leveraging normal mode analysis, we predicted structural consequences of cancer-specific kindlin mutations, highlighting potential impacts on stability and downstream signaling pathways. Our study unraveled alterations in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers associated with kindlin activity. This comprehensive analysis provides a resource for guiding future mechanistic investigations and therapeutic strategies targeting the roles of kindlins in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India.
| | - Ayush Mistry
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Debashruti Maity
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Riti Bhatia
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Shreyansh Priyadarshi
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Simran Wadan
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Shubhasis Haldar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India.
- Department of Biology, Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Technical Research Centre, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India.
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3
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Caggia S, Johnston A, Walunj DT, Moore AR, Peer BH, Everett RW, Oyelere AK, Khan SA. Gα i2 Protein Inhibition Blocks Chemotherapy- and Anti-Androgen-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:296. [PMID: 38254786 PMCID: PMC10813862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that heterotrimeric G-protein subunit alphai2 (Gαi2) is essential for cell migration and invasion in prostate, ovarian and breast cancer cells, and novel small molecule inhibitors targeting Gαi2 block its effects on migratory and invasive behavior. In this study, we have identified potent, metabolically stable, second generation Gαi2 inhibitors which inhibit cell migration in prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that chemotherapy can induce the cancer cells to migrate to distant sites to form metastases. In the present study, we determined the effects of taxanes (docetaxel), anti-androgens (enzalutamide and bicalutamide) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (SAHA and SBI-I-19) on cell migration in prostate cancer cells. All treatments induced cell migration, and simultaneous treatments with new Gαi2 inhibitors blocked their effects on cell migration. We concluded that a combination treatment of Gαi2 inhibitors and chemotherapy could blunt the capability of cancer cells to migrate and form metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caggia
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (A.R.M.); (R.W.E.)
| | - Alexis Johnston
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (A.J.); (D.T.W.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Dipak T. Walunj
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (A.J.); (D.T.W.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Aanya R. Moore
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (A.R.M.); (R.W.E.)
| | - Benjamin H. Peer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (A.J.); (D.T.W.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Ravyn W. Everett
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (A.R.M.); (R.W.E.)
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (A.J.); (D.T.W.); (B.H.P.)
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shafiq A. Khan
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (A.R.M.); (R.W.E.)
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Dai Y, Zhang X, Ou Y, Zou L, Zhang D, Yang Q, Qin Y, Du X, Li W, Yuan Z, Xiao Z, Wen Q. Anoikis resistance--protagonists of breast cancer cells survive and metastasize after ECM detachment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:190. [PMID: 37537585 PMCID: PMC10399053 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer exhibits the highest global incidence among all tumor types. Regardless of the type of breast cancer, metastasis is a crucial cause of poor prognosis. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis initiated by cell detachment from the native environment, is an outside-in process commencing with the disruption of cytosolic connectors such as integrin-ECM and cadherin-cell. This disruption subsequently leads to intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling pathway alterations, ultimately activating caspases and initiating programmed cell death. Development of an anoikis-resistant phenotype is a critical initial step in tumor metastasis. Breast cancer employs a series of stromal alterations to suppress anoikis in cancer cells. Comprehensive investigation of anoikis resistance mechanisms can inform strategies for preventing and regressing metastatic breast cancer. The present review first outlines the physiological mechanisms of anoikis, elucidating the alterations in signaling pathways, cytoskeleton, and protein targets that transpire from the outside in upon adhesion loss in normal breast cells. The specific anoikis resistance mechanisms induced by pathological changes in various spatial structures during breast cancer development are also discussed. Additionally, the genetic loci of targets altered in the development of anoikis resistance in breast cancer, are summarized. Finally, the micro-RNAs and targeted drugs reported in the literature concerning anoikis are compiled, with keratocin being the most functionally comprehensive. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjun Ou
- Clinical Medicine School, Southwest Medicial Univercity, Luzhou, China
- Orthopaedics, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingfan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuju Du
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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5
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cyy-287, a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, inhibits tumor growth of EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer via the ERK pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1540-1551. [PMID: 36239356 PMCID: PMC9828441 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been proven to be an effective therapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs limits their clinical application. In the present study, we investigate the antitumor effect and underlying mechanism of a novel pyrimidine-2,4-diamine derivative, cyy-287, in NSCLC. We find that cyy-287 has a high affinity for lung tissue and inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, the significant suppression of migration and induction of apoptosis by cyy-287 are only observed in EGFR-driven but not in EGFR-wild-type (wt) cells. According to the RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis results, cyy-287 markedly inhibits the MAPK pathway in EGFR-driven PC9 cells, and western blot analysis results further indicate that cyy-287 selectively blocks the ERK pathway in EGFR-driven cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis induced by cyy-287 could be partially reversed by ERK pathway inhibition. Further experiment indicates that cyy-287 inhibits the EGFR pathway in both EGFR-driven and EGFR-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, it only induces apoptosis in EGFR-driven cells, not in EGFR-overexpressing cells. The growth of EGFR-driven cells is suppressed by cyy-287 in vivo, with fewer side effects. Our results suggest that cyy-287 may be a potential therapeutic drug with promising antitumor effects against NSCLC.
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6
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Bar-Hai N, Ishay-Ronen D. Engaging plasticity: Differentiation therapy in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944773. [PMID: 36034865 PMCID: PMC9410762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease that can undergo several rounds of latency and activation. Tumor progression evolves by increasing diversity, adaptation to signals from the microenvironment and escape mechanisms from therapy. These dynamic processes indicate necessity for cell plasticity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in facilitating cell plasticity in solid tumors by inducing dedifferentiation and cell type transitions. These two practices, plasticity and dedifferentiation enhance tumor heterogeneity creating a key challenge in cancer treatment. In this review we will explore cancer cell plasticity and elaborate treatment modalities that aspire to overcome such dynamic processes in solid tumors. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of utilizing enhanced cell plasticity for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Bar-Hai
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dana Ishay-Ronen,
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7
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He S, Wu Z. Biomarkers in the Occurrence and Development of Pterygium. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:481-492. [PMID: 35405677 DOI: 10.1159/000523878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Pterygium is a kind of common conjunctival degeneration. The pathogenesis of pterygium is complex, and various biomarkers provide new targets for treatment and prognosis. Currently, the most common treatment for pterygium is surgical excision, but it is invasive risk and has a high recurrence rate. Since the development of sequencing, gene chip technology, and proteomics technologies has been rapid, research on the internal mechanism of disease has been facilitated. This review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of biomarkers from the fields of genetics, proteomics, and epigenetics and their likely functional mechanisms and clinical applications in pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying He
- Clinical Lab, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- Clinical Lab, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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8
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Lemster AL, Sievers E, Pasternack H, Lazar-Karsten P, Klümper N, Sailer V, Offermann A, Brägelmann J, Perner S, Kirfel J. Histone Demethylase KDM5C Drives Prostate Cancer Progression by Promoting EMT. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081894. [PMID: 35454801 PMCID: PMC9032772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. During prostate cancer progression and metastasis, the epithelial cells can undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we show that the histone demethylase KDM5C is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. We establish that stable clones silence KDM5C in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of KDM5C leads to a reduced migratory and invasion capacity. This is associated with changes by multiple molecular mechanisms. This signaling subsequently modifies the expression of various transcription factors like Snail, Twist, and Zeb1/2, which are also known as master regulators of EMT. Taken together, our results indicate the potential to therapeutically target KDM5C either alone or in combination with Akt/mTOR-inhibitor in prostate cancer patients by targeting the EMT signaling pathways. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a major public health problem in men. Metastatic PCa is incurable, and ultimately threatens the life of many patients. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are important for PCa progression, whereas the role of epigenetic factors in prostate carcinogenesis is insufficiently examined. The histone demethylase KDM5C exerts important roles in tumorigenesis. KDM5C has been reported to be highly expressed in various cancer cell types, particularly in primary PCa. Here, we could show that KDM5C is highly upregulated in metastatic PCa. Functionally, in KDM5C knockdown cells migratory and invasion capacity was reduced. Interestingly, modulation of KDM5C expression influences several EMT signaling pathways (e.g., Akt/mTOR), expression of EMT transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and miR-205, resulting in increased expression of E-cadherin and reduced expression of N-cadherin. Mouse xenografts of KDM5C knockdown cells showed reduced tumor growth. In addition, the Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the classic signaling pathways to mediate tumor metabolic homeostasis, which is beneficial for tumor growth and metastasis. Taken together, our findings indicate that a combination of a selective KDM5C- and Akt/mTOR-inhibitor might be a new promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic burden in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Lemster
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Sievers
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Helen Pasternack
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Pamela Lazar-Karsten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Verena Sailer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Luebeck, Germany; (A.-L.L.); (H.P.); (P.L.-K.); (V.S.); (A.O.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Almotiri A, Alzahrani H, Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Abdelfattah A, Alotaibi B, Saleh L, Greene A, Georgiou M, Gibbs A, Alsayari A, Taha S, Thomas LA, Shah D, Edkins S, Giles P, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Boyd AS, Siebzehnrubl FA, Rodrigues NP. Zeb1 modulates hematopoietic stem cell fates required for suppressing acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:129115. [PMID: 33108352 PMCID: PMC7773410 DOI: 10.1172/jci129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeb1, a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, confers properties of "stemness," such as self-renewal, in cancer. Yet little is known about the function of Zeb1 in adult stem cells. Here, we used the hematopoietic system as a well-established paradigm of stem cell biology to evaluate Zeb1-mediated regulation of adult stem cells. We employed a conditional genetic approach using the Mx1-Cre system to specifically knock out (KO) Zeb1 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their downstream progeny. Acute genetic deletion of Zeb1 led to rapid-onset thymic atrophy and apoptosis-driven loss of thymocytes and T cells. A profound cell-autonomous self-renewal defect and multilineage differentiation block were observed in Zeb1-KO HSCs. Loss of Zeb1 in HSCs activated transcriptional programs of deregulated HSC maintenance and multilineage differentiation genes and of cell polarity consisting of cytoskeleton-, lipid metabolism/lipid membrane-, and cell adhesion-related genes. Notably, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression was prodigiously upregulated in Zeb1-KO HSCs, which correlated with enhanced cell survival, diminished mitochondrial metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and differentiation capacity and an activated transcriptomic signature associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) signaling. ZEB1 expression was downregulated in AML patients, and Zeb1 KO in the malignant counterparts of HSCs - leukemic stem cells (LSCs) - accelerated MLL-AF9- and Meis1a/Hoxa9-driven AML progression, implicating Zeb1 as a tumor suppressor in AML LSCs. Thus, Zeb1 acts as a transcriptional regulator in hematopoiesis, critically coordinating HSC self-renewal, apoptotic, and multilineage differentiation fates required to suppress leukemic potential in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,College of Applied Medical Sciences-Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Alzahrani
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Badi Alotaibi
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lubaid Saleh
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adelle Greene
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mia Georgiou
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amani Alsayari
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarab Taha
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Shah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Giles
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashleigh S Boyd
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Liu Z, Huang L, Sun L, Nie H, Liang Y, Huang J, Wu F, Hu X. Ecust004 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth, Invasion, and Migration via EMT Regulation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3451-3461. [PMID: 34408399 PMCID: PMC8364433 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s309132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Erianin is a small chemical compound extracted from Dendrobium chrysotoxum and has excellent antineoplastic effects against a variety of cancers. Combretastatin A-4 (CA4) is the most effective member of natural phenolic stilbene compounds isolated from the African willow tree Combretum caffrum. Ecust004 (Chemical Formula: C18H21NO7S) is a drug candidate optimized from structure–activity relationship studies of the sulfamate derivatives of Erianin and CA4, which has better bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles than Erianin and CA4. Methods To investigate the antitumor activity of Ecust004 in different types of breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells were treated with Ecust004. MTT and CCK8 were used to determine the effects of Ecust004 on cell proliferation. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion level of cells treated with Ecust004. The expression of genes and proteins associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In vivo studies further clarified the functional effects of Ecust004. Results Ecust004 treatment decreased the growth and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells at a lower dosage than Erianin. In addition, compared to Erianin and CA4, Ecust004 can better inhibit the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. Accordingly, the expression of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, such as E-cadherin and vinculin, was increased. Finally, compared with Erianin and CA4, Ecust004 exhibited a better anti-tumor activity in vivo. Conclusion Ecust004 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells, and therefore represents a potential agent for development as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Sun
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Nie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Liang
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mosier JA, Schwager SC, Boyajian DA, Reinhart-King CA. Cancer cell metabolic plasticity in migration and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:343-359. [PMID: 34076787 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer metastasis in which cancer cells manipulate their metabolic profile to meet the dynamic energetic requirements of the tumor microenvironment. Though cancer cell proliferation and migration through the extracellular matrix are key steps of cancer progression, they are not necessarily fueled by the same metabolites and energy production pathways. The two main metabolic pathways cancer cells use to derive energy from glucose, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, are preferentially and plastically utilized by cancer cells depending on both their intrinsic metabolic properties and their surrounding environment. Mechanical factors in the microenvironment, such as collagen density, pore size, and alignment, and biochemical factors, such as oxygen and glucose availability, have been shown to influence both cell migration and glucose metabolism. As cancer cells have been identified as preferentially utilizing glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation based on heterogeneous intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the relationship between cancer cell metabolism and metastatic potential is of recent interest. Here, we review current in vitro and in vivo findings in the context of cancer cell metabolism during migration and metastasis and extrapolate potential clinical applications of this work that could aid in diagnosing and tracking cancer progression in vivo by monitoring metabolism. We also review current progress in the development of a variety of metabolically targeted anti-metastatic drugs, both in clinical trials and approved for distribution, and highlight potential routes for incorporating our recent understanding of metabolic plasticity into therapeutic directions. By further understanding cancer cell energy production pathways and metabolic plasticity, more effective and successful clinical imaging and therapeutics can be developed to diagnose, target, and inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Boyajian
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Zheng C, Shi CJ, Du LJ, Jiang YH, Su JM. [Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor like 1 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its influence on tumor cell proliferation and migration]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:558-565. [PMID: 33085242 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor like 1 (FGFRL1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and reveals its association with tumor cell proliferation and migration. METHODS Western blot was performed to detect the expression of FGFRL1 protein in OSCC tissues, adjacent normal tissues, OSCC cell lines and normal epithelial cells. After knocking down of FGFRL1 in HN4 cells, CCK-8 and Ki67 assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, wounding healing assay and transwell were performed to detect cell-migration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of protein related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS The expression of FGFRL1 in OSCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent nontumor tissues, respectively (t=2.820, P=0.047 8). Moreover, the expression of FGFRL1 in OSCC cells was higher than that in HOK cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that FGFRL1 expression of FGFRL1 RNA in HOK cells was lower than that in OSCC cells. HN4 cells transfected with FGFRL1 siRNA were included in the experimental group, whereas HN4 cells treated with NC siRNA were included in the control group. CCK-8 experiment showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups with regard to proliferation ability at 48 h (P=0.478 1) and 72 h (P=0.334 2). Migration experiment showed that the wound healing areas in the experimental group after 12 h (P=0.022 8), 24 h (P=0.005 1), and 36 h (P=0.009 5)were smaller than that in the control group. Transwell invasion assay showed that the number of invaded cells in the experimental group after 16 h (P=0.008 7) and 24 h (P=0.008 6) were lower than that in the control group. Knocking-down FGFRL1 up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin in HN4 cells. CONCLUSIONS FGFRL1 expression in the OSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent nontumor tissues. FGFRL1 expression in the OSCC cells was significantly higher than that in the HOK cells, and FGFRL1 had no effect on cell proliferation but promoted tumor cell migration and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chao-Ji Shi
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yin-Hua Jiang
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Ji-Mei Su
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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13
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Ardalan Khales S, Abbaszadegan MR, Majd A, Forghanifard MM. TWIST1 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes family in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 37:119127. [PMID: 32711119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1), a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the functional correlation between TWIST1 and MMP genes in human ESCC cell lines, KYSE-30 and YM-1. To generate recombinant retroviral particles, the Pruf-IRES-GFP-hTWIST1 was co-transfected into HEK293T along with pGP and pMD2. G as well as Pruf-IRES-GFP control plasmid. Stably transduced high-expressing GFP-hTWIST1 and GFP-control KYSE-30 cells were generated. The produced retroviral particles were transduced into the KYSE-30 and YM-1 ESCC cells. Ectopic expression of TWIST1 mRNA and expression of the MMP genes (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-10) were examined by relative comparative real-time PCR. In silico analysis of the MMP markers and their promoter elements was explored. Moreover, the scratch wound assay was used to evaluate the migration of TWIST1-induced cells. TWIST1 level was up-regulated by nearly 5-fold and 7.4-fold in GFP-hTWIST1 KYSE-30 and YM-1 cells compared to GFP control cells, respectively. Interestingly, this enforced expression of TWIST1 subsequently caused significant overexpression of transcripts for selected MMP genes in GFP-hTWIST1 in comparison with GFP control cells in both ESCC cell lines. Also, the scratch assay indicated that TWIST1 expression effectively increased the migration of GFP-TWIST1 KYSE-30 cells against GFP KYSE-30 control cells in vitro. The present findings illuminate that TWIST1 may contribute broadly to ESCC development in concert with up-regulation of MMPs expression and further suggest the potential advantage of exerting TWIST1/MMPs signaling axis as a framework from which to expand our understanding about the mechanisms of ESCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ardalan Khales
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Wang W, Kansakar U, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. Role of Kindlin-2 in cancer progression and metastasis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:901. [PMID: 32793745 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a complex and multistep process whereby cancer cells escape the confines of the primary site to establish a new residency at distant sites. This multistep process is also known as the invasion-metastasis cascade. The biological and molecular mechanisms that control the invasion-metastasis cascade, which ultimately leads to the spread of cancer cells into distant sites, remain poorly understood. Kindlin-2 (K2) belongs to the 4.1-ezrin-ridixin-moesin (FERM) domain family of proteins, which interact with the cytoplasmic tails of β-integrin subunits, leading to the activation of extensive biological functions. These biological functions include cell migration, differentiation, cancer initiation, development, and invasion. In this review, we will discuss the various molecular signaling pathways that are regulated by K2 during the invasion-metastasis cascade of cancer tumors. These signaling pathways include TGFβ, Wnt/β-Catenin, Hedgehog, p53 and senescence, and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. We will also discuss the molecular signaling pathways that regulate K2 function both at the transcriptional and the posttranslational levels. Finally, we will consider molecular mechanisms to specifically target K2 as novel therapeutic options for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Cai Q, Chen Y, Zhang D, Pan J, Xie Z, Ma S, Liu C, Zuo J, Zhou X, Quan C, Xin Z, Niu Y. Loss of epithelial AR increase castration resistant stem-like prostate cancer cells and promotes cancer metastasis via TGF-β1/EMT pathway. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1013-1027. [PMID: 32676386 PMCID: PMC7354287 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has reported that loss of epithelial androgen receptor (AR) may promote tumor progression and cause TRAMP mouse model die earlier. The detail mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry assay, Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. RNA extraction, RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, BrdU incorporation assays, flow cytometry and other experimental technics were also used in present work. Results Decreased expression of epithelial markers (Cytokeratin 8, NKX3.1 and E-cadherin) and increased expression of mesenchymal markers (α-SMA, Vimentin, and N-cadherin) in were found in AR knockout TRAMP tumors. Further investigation indicated that AR signal deprivation is associated with cell morphology transition, high cell mobility, high cell invasion rate and resistance to anoikis in TRAMP prostate tumor cells. Together, these findings implied knockout AR in TRAMP prostate tumor may lead to EMT, which may result in earlier metastasis, and then cause TRAMP mice die earlier. TGF-β1 is responsible for EMT in AR knockout TRAMP tumor cells. Conclusions In conclusion, ADT therapy induced hormone refractory prostate cancer may gain the ability of metastasis through cell’s EMT which is a phase of poor differentiation. Anti-EMT drugs should be developed to battle the tumor metastasis induced by ADT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yegang Chen
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dingnrong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Jiancheng Pan
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zunke Xie
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Shenze Ma
- Department of Urology, ZiBo Central Hospital, ZiBo 255000, China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jiquan Zuo
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Changyi Quan
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.,Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
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16
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Dongol S, Zhang Q, Qiu C, Sun C, Zhang Z, Wu H, Kong B. IQGAP3 promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1179-1192. [PMID: 32724358 PMCID: PMC7377165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a type of gynecological cancer with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Due to a lack of effective screening methods, most cases are diagnosed at later stages where the survival rates are poor. Thus, it is termed a ‘silent killer’ and is the most lethal of all the malignancies in women. IQ motif containing GTPase Activating Protein 3 (IQGAP3) is a member of the Rho family of GTPases, and plays a crucial role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oncogenic functions and mechanisms of IQGAP3 on the proliferation and metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Therefore, the expression levels of IQGAP3 in HGSOC and normal tissue samples were compared, and IQGAP3 knockdown was performed to examine its functional role using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. It was demonstrated that the expression of IQGAP3 was upregulated in HGSOC tissues compared with the healthy tissues; this differential expression was also observed in the ovarian cancer cell lines. Functional experimental results suggested that IQGAP3 silencing significantly reduced proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, in vivo experimental findings validated the in vitro results, where the tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of IQGAP3-silenced cells were significantly lower in the nude mice compared with the mice implanted with the control cells. Furthermore, knockdown of IQGAP3 resulted in increased apoptosis, and the effects of IQGAP3 expression on various epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were identified, suggesting a possible mechanism associated with the role of IQGAP3 in metastasis. The effect of IQGAP3 silencing on chemosensitivity towards olaparib was also assessed. Collectively, the present results indicated that IQGAP3 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a putative therapeutic target of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Dongol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology of Shandong, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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17
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β-Carotene exerts anti-colon cancer effects by regulating M2 macrophages and activated fibroblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 82:108402. [PMID: 32450500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, cancer cells and other cell types, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. M2 macrophages and activated fibroblasts (AFs) modulate behavior of cancer cells in the TME. Since nutritional effects on cancer progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC), may be mediated by alterations in the TME, we determined the ability of β-carotene (BC) to mediate anti-cancer effects through regulation of macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation in CRC. The M2 macrophage phenotype was induced by treating U937 cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and interleukin (IL)-4. Treatment of these M2 macrophages with BC led to suppression of M2-type macrophage-associated markers and of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. In separate experiments, AFs were induced by treating CCD-18Co cells with transforming growth factor-β1. BC treatment suppressed expression of fibroblast activation markers. In addition, conditioned media from BC-treated M2 macrophages and AF inhibited cancer stem cell markers, colon cancer cell invasiveness and migration, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, BC supplementation inhibited tumor formation and the expression of M2 macrophage markers in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis-associated CRC mouse model. To our knowledge, the present findings provide the first evidence suggesting that the potential therapeutic effects of BC on CRC are mediated by the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation.
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18
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Haley JA, Ruiz CF, Montal ED, Wang D, Haley JD, Girnun GD. Decoupling of Nrf2 Expression Promotes Mesenchymal State Maintenance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101488. [PMID: 31581742 PMCID: PMC6826656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition is a common mechanism leading to metastatic dissemination and cancer progression. In an effort to better understand this process we found an intersection of Nrf2/NLE2F2 (Nrf2), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metabolic alterations using multiple in vitro and in vivo approaches. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor controlling the expression of redox regulators to establish cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 has been shown to exert both cancer inhibitory and stimulatory activities. Using multiple isogenic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, we observed a reduction of Nrf2 protein and activity in a prometastatic mesenchymal cell state and increased reactive oxygen species. Knockdown of Nrf2 promoted a mesenchymal phenotype and reduced glycolytic, TCA cycle and lipogenic output from both glucose and glutamine in the isogenic cell models; while overexpression of Nrf2 promoted a more epithelial phenotype and metabolic reactivation. In both Nrf2 knockout mice and in NSCLC patient samples, Nrf2low was co-correlated with markedly decreased expression of glycolytic, lipogenic, and mesenchymal RNAs. Conversely, Nrf2high was associated with partial mesenchymal epithelial transition and increased expression of metabolic RNAs. The impact of Nrf2 on epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell states and metabolic output provide an additional context to Nrf2 function in cancer initiation and progression, with implications for therapeutic inhibition of Nrf2 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Christian F Ruiz
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Emily D Montal
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Bioinformatics and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - John D Haley
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Moradi K, Barneh F, Irian S, Amini M, Moradpoor R, Amanzadeh A, Choopani S, Rahimi H, Ghodselahi T, Boujar MM, Salimi M. Two Novel Tri-Aryl Derivatives Attenuate the Invasion-Promoting Effects of Stromal Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1002-1011. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190212123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:The concept of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to promote carcinoma progression has been recognized as a venue for research on novel anticancer drugs. Triaryl template-based structures are one of the pivotal structural features found in a number of compounds with a wide variety of biological properties including anti-breast cancer. Among the various factors triggering EMT program, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB as well as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) have been widely investigated.Objective:Here, we aim to investigate the effect of two novel compounds A and B possessing triaryl structures, which interact with both COX-2 and TGF-β active sites and suppress NF-κB activation, on EMT in a co-culture system with breast cancer and stromal cells.Methods:MDA-MB-231 and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem (BM-MS) cells were co-cultured in a trans-well plate. Migration, matrigel-based invasion and colony formation in soft agar assays along with Real- time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the effect of compounds A and B on the invasive properties of MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hours of co-culturing with BM-MSCs. In addition, TGF-beta interaction was investigated by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR).Results:BM-MSCs enhanced migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of the co-cultured MDAMB- 231 cells. A reduction in E-cadherin level concomitant with an increase in vimentin and N-cadherin levels following the co-culture implied EMT as the underlying process. Compounds A and B inhibited invasion and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs at 10µM. The observed inhibitory effects along with an increase in E-cadherin and a reduction in vimentin and ZEB2 levels suggest that the anti-invasive properties of compounds A and B might proceed through the blockade of stromal cell-induced EMT, mediated by their interaction with TGF-beta.Conclusion:These findings introduce compounds A and B as novel promising agents, which prevent EMT in invasive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moradi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Moradpoor
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Choopani
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Massoud M. Boujar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Dai Y, Wu Z, Lang C, Zhang X, He S, Yang Q, Guo W, Lai Y, Du H, Peng X, Ren D. Copy number gain of ZEB1 mediates a double-negative feedback loop with miR-33a-5p that regulates EMT and bone metastasis of prostate cancer dependent on TGF-β signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6063-6079. [PMID: 31534537 PMCID: PMC6735523 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The reciprocal repressive loop between ZEB1 and miRNAs has been extensively reported to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis of various human tumor types. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role and the underlying mechanism of the double-negative feedback loop between ZEB1and miR-33a-5p in bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: miR-33a-5p expression was examined in 40 bone metastatic and 165 non-bone metastatic PCa tissues by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical correlation between miR-33a-5p expression and clinicopathological characteristics, and overall and bone metastasis-free survival in PCa patients. The biological roles of miR-33a-5p in bone metastasis of PCa were investigated both by EMT and the Transwell assay in vitro, and by a mouse model of left cardiac ventricle inoculation in vivo. siRNA library, real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to identify the underlying mechanism responsible for the decreased expression of miR-33a-5p in PCa. Bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting and luciferase reporter analysis were employed to examine the relationship between miR-33a-5p and its potential targets. Clinical correlation of miR-33a-5p with its targets was examined in human PCa tissues and primary PCa cells. Results: miR-33a-5p expression was downregulated in PCa tissues with bone metastasis and bone-derived cells, and low expression of miR-33a-5p strongly and positively correlated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics, and shorter overall and bone metastasis-free survival in PCa patients. Upregulating miR-33a-5p inhibited, while silencing miR-33a-5p promoted EMT, invasion and migration of PCa cells. Importantly, upregulating miR-33a-5p significantly repressed bone metastasis of PC-3 cells in vivo. Our results further revealed that recurrent ZEB1 upregulation induced by copy number gains transcriptionally inhibited miR-33a-5p expression, contributing to the reduced expression of miR-33a-5p in bone metastatic PCa tissues. In turn, miR-33a-5p formed a double negative feedback loop with ZEB1 in target-independent manner, which was dependent on TGF-β signaling. Finally, the clinical negative correlations of miR-33a-5p with ZEB1 expression and TGF-β signaling activity were demonstrated in PCa tissues and primary PCa cells. Conclusion: Our findings elucidated that copy number gains of ZEB1-triggered a TGF-β signaling-dependent miR-33a-5p-mediated negative feedback loop was highly relevant to the bone metastasis of PCa.
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Grill JI, Neumann J, Ofner A, Marschall MK, Zierahn H, Herbst A, Wolf E, Kolligs FT. Dro1/Ccdc80 inactivation promotes AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis and aggravates colitis by DSS in mice. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1176-1184. [PMID: 29901779 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis is a progressive multistep process involving the sequential accumulation of genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Downregulated by oncogenes 1 (Dro1/Ccdc80) has been shown to be a potent tumor suppressor of colorectal carcinogenesis in the genetic ApcMin/+ mouse model. In ApcMin/+ mice, loss of DRO1 strongly increases colonic tumor multiplicity and leads to the regular formation of adenocarcinoma in the colon. To investigate DRO1's role in chemically induced as well as inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, the effect of Dro1 inactivation was studied in mice subjected to the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and upon combined treatment with AOM and the proinflammatory agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), respectively. Loss of DRO1 increases multiplicity of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci and colonic tumors upon administration of AOM. Combined treatment with AOM and DSS leads to increased colonic tumor number and promotes formation of adenocarcinoma in the colon. Moreover, Dro1 inactivation aggravates histological signs of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis, strongly enlarges the size of ulcerative lesions in the intestinal lining, and exacerbates clinical signs and morbidity by DSS. Our results demonstrate DRO1 to be a strong tumor suppressor in the chemically induced colon carcinogenic mouse model. Additionally, we demonstrate DRO1 to inhibit colitis-associated colon cancer formation and uncover a novel putative role for DRO1 in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Grill
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Heike Zierahn
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Herbst
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Wahab R, Kaushik N, Khan F, Kaushik NK, Lee SJ, Choi EH, Al-Khedhairy AA. Gold quantum dots impair the tumorigenic potential of glioma stem-like cells via β-catenin downregulation in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1131-1148. [PMID: 30863050 PMCID: PMC6391154 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s195333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past several decades, the incidence of solid cancers has rapidly increased worldwide. Successful removal of tumor-initiating cells within tumors is essential in the field of cancer therapeutics to improve patient disease-free survival rates. The biocompatible multivarient-sized gold nanoparticles (MVS-GNPs) from quantum dots (QDs, <10 nm) to nanosized (up to 50 nm) particles have vast applications in various biomedical areas including cancer treatment. The role of MVS-GNPs for inhibition of tumorigenic potential and stemness of glioma was investigated in this study. METHODS Herein, MVS-GNPs synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Afterwards, interaction of these GNPs with glioma stem-cell like cells along with cancer cells were evaluated by MTT, cell motility, self-renewal assays and biostatistics was also applied. RESULTS Among these GNPs, G-QDs contributed to reduce metastatic events and spheroid cell growth, potentially blocking the self-renewal ability of these cells. This study also uncovers the previously unknown role of the inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling as a novel candidate to decrease the tumorigenesis of glioma spheroids and subsequent spheroid growth. The accurate and precise biostatistics results were obtained at quantify level. CONCLUSION In summary, G-QDs may exhibit possible contribution on suppressing the growth of tumor-initiating cells. These data reveal a unique therapeutic approach for the elimination of residual resistant stem-like cells during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Wahab
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,
- Al-Jeraisy, Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Farheen Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea,
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea,
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Liu W, Wu Y, Yu F, Hu W, Fang X, Hao W. The implication of Numb-induced Notch signaling in endothelial-mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:889-899. [PMID: 30097225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was purposed to figure out the contribution of Numb-induced Notch signaling to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Two hundred and twenty six DN patients were included, and human glomerular endothelial cells (RGEC) were cultured. MSCV-Numb-IRES-GFP, MSCV-Notch1-IRES-GFP and MSCV-Hes1-IRES-GFP were transfected to construct the recombinant retroviral vectors. RESULT The over-expressed Numb and Notch1, as well as the under-expressed Hes-1 were correlated with the undesirable prognosis of DN patients (P < 0.05). Within the cell lines transfection with si-Numb would cut down E-cadherin and CD31 expressions (P < 0.05), yet elevated α-SMA and vimentin expressions (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of si-Numb cell lines underperformed ones categorized into the hyperglucose group (P < 0.05), whereas the lowly-expressed Notch1 and Hes1 were observably associated with inhibited proliferation of myofibroblasts (P < 0.05). Addition of ADPT caused under-expressed α-SMA and vimentin, along with the over-expressed E-cadherin and CD31 (P < 0.05). Silencing of Notch1 and Hes1 reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that was triggered by high glucose (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Numb negatively regulated Notch signaling pathway in EMT of DN, implying that they had great potentials to serve as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenxue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaowu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenke Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Liu J, Shen JX, He D, Zhang GJ. Bioluminescence Imaging for Monitoring miR-200c Expression in Breast Cancer Cells and its Effects on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Progress in Living Animals. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:761-770. [PMID: 29532351 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) are not only involved in the formation of malignant tumors but also in the processes of differentiation and aggressiveness. However, current methods for detecting miRNA expression have major disadvantages, such as being invasive and non-reproducible. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated as a pivotal event in the metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance of malignant tumors. PROCEDURES In our study, we constructed a new reporter gene, Luc2/tdT_miR200c_3TS, to examine the in vitro and in vivo expression of miR-200c, an EMT-associated miRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of miR-200c and EMT-related mRNA, and luciferase assay and bioluminescence imaging were used to measure the luciferase activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. RESULTS We found that the expression level of miR-200c was negatively associated with cell migration and invasion. Luciferase activities were regulated by the differential expression levels of miR-200c and EMT process. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Luc2/tdT_miR200c_3TS may be a useful tool for monitoring the expression level of miR-200c at both the cellular level and in living animals, thereby providing a potential high-throughput approach for anticancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - De He
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Chang Jiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515031, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Sun Y, Jiang X, Lu Y, Zhu J, Yu L, Ma B, Zhang Q. Oridonin prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 in osteosarcoma. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:57-64. [PMID: 30243739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor with highly invasive characteristic and low long-term survival. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is reported as a key event in cancer invasion and metastasis. Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid, has been proved to possess anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of oridonin on EMT and metastasis of osteosarcoma is unclear. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of oridonin on EMT and metastasis of osteosarcoma. We found that oridonin inhibited migration and invasion of MG-63 and 143B cells. Moreover, oridonin increased the protein expression of E-cadherin and decreased that of N-cadherin and Vimentin. Oridonin upregulated the transcription of E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin and Vimentin. Oridonin inhibited the protein and mRNA levels of Snail and Slug. Furthermore, oridonin inhibited TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad 2/3, prevented Smad dimer translocation into the nucleus. Finally, we established metastatic models of osteosarcoma 143B cells, and found that oridonin inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. Oridonin increased the protein expression of E-cadherin and reduced N-cadherin and Vimentin. Oridonin inhibited the protein expression of Snail and Slug as well as Smad 2/3 activation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that oridonin inhibited EMT and TGF-β1-induced EMT by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Lisha Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
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26
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Caggia S, Chunduri H, Millena AC, Perkins JN, Venugopal SV, Vo BT, Li C, Tu Y, Khan SA. Novel role of Giα2 in cell migration: Downstream of PI3-kinase-AKT and Rac1 in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:802-815. [PMID: 30078221 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell motility is the essential step in cancer metastasis. Previously, we showed that oxytocin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) effects on cell migration in prostate cancer cells require Giα2 protein. In the current study, we investigated the interactions among G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), Giα2, PI3-kinase, and Rac1 activation in the induction of migratory and invasive behavior by diverse stimuli. Knockdown and knockout of endogenous Giα2 in PC3 cells resulted in attenuation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), oxytocin, SDF-1α, and EGF effects on cell migration and invasion. In addition, knockdown of Giα2 in E006AA cells attenuated cell migration and overexpression of Giα2 in LNCaP cells caused significant increase in basal and EGF-stimulated cell migration. Pretreatment of PC3 cells with Pertussis toxin resulted in attenuation of TGFβ1- and oxytocin-induced migratory behavior and PI3-kinase activation without affecting EGF-induced PI3-kinase activation and cell migration. Basal- and EGF-induced activation of Rac1 in PC3 and DU145 cells were not affected in cells after Giα2 knockdown. On the other hand, Giα2 knockdown abolished the migratory capability of PC3 cells overexpressing constitutively active Rac1. The knockdown or knockout of Giα2 resulted in impaired formation of lamellipodia at the leading edge of the migrating cells. We conclude that Giα2 protein acts at two different levels which are both dependent and independent of GPCR signaling to induce cell migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells and its action is downstream of PI3-kinase-AKT-Rac1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caggia
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - HimaBindu Chunduri
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ana C Millena
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan N Perkins
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Smrruthi V Venugopal
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - BaoHan T Vo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shafiq A Khan
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Hu L. The regulatory effects of metformin on the [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] system in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) for colorectal cancer(CRC). Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:45-53. [PMID: 30017802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer progression, metastasis and drug resistance. The transcription factor(TF) and microRNA (miR) chimeric [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] unit is the core regulatory system for the EMT process. Here, we proposed to assess the anti-EMT abilities and explore the inherent pharmacological mechanisms of the classic hypoglycaemic agent metformin for colorectal cancer(CRC). For the EMT model, the TGF-β-induced CRC cell lines SW480 and HCT116 were treated with metformin. The viability, migration and invasion abilities of the cells were evaluated with the Cell Counting Kit-8, wound-healing and trans-well assay. The alterations of the [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] system and the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescent staining. Metformin exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the CRC SW480 cells. The up-regulation of E-cadherin and the down-regulation of vimentin for both SW480 and HCT116 cells revealed the anti-EMT abilities of metformin. For the [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] system, metformin increased miR-200a, miR-200c and miR-429 levels and decreased miR-34a, SNAIL1 and ZEB1 levels in the TGF-β-induced EMT. From immunofluorescence, we observed increased E-cadherin and ZEB1 co-expression in metformin-treated cells. Metformin may perform bidirectional regulations of the [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] system in the EMT process for colorectal cancer. Such regulation is expressed as the inhibition of EMT in general as well as an increased higher proportion of E/M hybrid cells in the total population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodu Wang
- Cancer Center, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, West Wenhua Road 107, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong University Qilu Hospital(Qingdao), Hefei Road 758, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Cancer Center, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, West Wenhua Road 107, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Sreepadmanabh M, Toley BJ. Investigations into the cancer stem cell niche using in-vitro 3-D tumor models and microfluidics. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1094-1110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Siriwardena SBSM, Tsunematsu T, Qi G, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Invasion-Related Factors as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051462. [PMID: 29758011 PMCID: PMC5983574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid epithelial cancer, the first step during the process of metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into the underlying stroma, breaching the basement membrane (BM)—the natural barrier between epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability to invade and metastasize is a key hallmark of cancer progression, and the most complicated and least understood. These topics continue to be very active fields of cancer research. A number of processes, factors, and signaling pathways are involved in regulating invasion and metastasis. However, appropriate clinical trials for anti-cancer drugs targeting the invasion of OSCC are incomplete. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on invasion-related factors and emerging molecular determinants which can be used as potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadarani B S M Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Szpak D, Schiemann WP, Plow EF. The Kindlin-2 regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer metastasis is mediated through miR-200b. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7360. [PMID: 29743493 PMCID: PMC5943603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients, including breast cancer (BC). Despite recent progress in understanding the biological and molecular determinants of BC metastasis, effective therapeutic treatments are yet to be developed. Among the multitude of molecular mechanisms that regulate cancer metastasis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program plays a key role in the activation of the biological steps leading to the metastatic phenotype. Kindlin-2 has been associated with the pathogenesis of several types of cancers, including BC. The role of Kindlin-2 in the regulation of BC metastasis, and to a lesser extent in EMT is not well understood. In this study, we show that Kindlin-2 is closely associated with the development of the metastatic phenotype in BC. We report that knockout of Kindlin-2 in either human or mouse BC cells, significantly inhibits metastasis in both human and mouse models of BC metastasis. We also report that the Kindlin-2-mediated inhibition of metastasis is the result of inhibition of expression of key molecular markers of the EMT program. Mechanistically, we show that miR-200b, a master regulator of EMT, directly targets and inhibits the expression of Kindlin-2, leading to the subsequent inhibition of EMT and metastasis. Together, our data support the targeting of Kindlin-2 as a therapeutic strategy against BC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dorota Szpak
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Chiu YJ, Hour MJ, Jin YA, Lu CC, Tsai FJ, Chen TL, Ma H, Juan YN, Yang JS. Disruption of IGF‑1R signaling by a novel quinazoline derivative, HMJ‑30, inhibits invasiveness and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma U‑2 OS cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1465-1478. [PMID: 29568964 PMCID: PMC5873869 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone and is characterized by local invasion and distant metastasis. Over the past 20 years, long-term outcomes have reached a plateau even with aggressive therapy. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‑1R) is associated with tumor proliferation, invasion and migration in osteosarcoma. In the present study, our group developed a novel quinazoline derivative, 6-fluoro‑2-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(cyanoanilino)quinazoline (HMJ‑30), in order to disrupt IGF‑1R signaling and tumor invasiveness in osteosarcoma U‑2 OS cells. Molecular modeling, immune-precipitation, western blotting and phosphorylated protein kinase sandwich ELISA assays were used to confirm this hypothesis. The results demonstrated that HMJ‑30 selectively targeted the ATP-binding site of IGF‑1R and inhibited its downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and IκK/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in U‑2 OS cells. HMJ‑30 inhibited U‑2 OS cell invasion and migration and downregulated protein levels and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP-9. An increase in protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‑1 and TIMP‑2 was also observed. Furthermore, HMJ‑30 caused U‑2 OS cells to aggregate and form tight clusters, and these cells were flattened, less elongated and displayed cobblestone-like shapes. There was an increase in epithelial markers and a decrease in mesenchymal markers, indicating that the cells underwent the reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Overall, these results demonstrated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HMJ‑30 on invasiveness and EMT in U‑2 OS cells, suggesting that this compound deserves further investigation as a potential anti-osteosarcoma drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mann-Jen Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-An Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu Ma
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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DaSilva-Arnold SC, Zamudio S, Al-Khan A, Alvarez-Perez J, Mannion C, Koenig C, Luke D, Perez AM, Petroff M, Alvarez M, Illsley NP. Human trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition in abnormally invasive placenta†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:409-421. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C DaSilva-Arnold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Abdulla Al-Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jesus Alvarez-Perez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Koenig
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Davlyn Luke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anisha M Perez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Margaret Petroff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Manuel Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas P Illsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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33
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Campbell K, Lebreton G, Franch-Marro X, Casanova J. Differential roles of the Drosophila EMT-inducing transcription factors Snail and Serpent in driving primary tumour growth. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007167. [PMID: 29420531 PMCID: PMC5821384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several transcription factors have been identified that activate an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which endows cells with the capacity to break through basement membranes and migrate away from their site of origin. A key program in development, in recent years it has been shown to be a crucial driver of tumour invasion and metastasis. However, several of these EMT-inducing transcription factors are often expressed long before the initiation of the invasion-metastasis cascade as well as in non-invasive tumours. Increasing evidence suggests that they may promote primary tumour growth, but their precise role in this process remains to be elucidated. To investigate this issue we have focused our studies on two Drosophila transcription factors, the classic EMT inducer Snail and the Drosophila orthologue of hGATAs4/6, Serpent, which drives an alternative mechanism of EMT; both Snail and GATA are specifically expressed in a number of human cancers, particularly at the invasive front and in metastasis. Thus, we recreated conditions of Snail and of Serpent high expression in the fly imaginal wing disc and analysed their effect. While either Snail or Serpent induced a profound loss of epithelial polarity and tissue organisation, Serpent but not Snail also induced an increase in the size of wing discs. Furthermore, the Serpent-induced tumour-like tissues were able to grow extensively when transplanted into the abdomen of adult hosts. We found the differences between Snail and Serpent to correlate with the genetic program they elicit; while activation of either results in an increase in the expression of Yorki target genes, Serpent additionally activates the Ras signalling pathway. These results provide insight into how transcription factors that induce EMT can also promote primary tumour growth, and how in some cases such as GATA factors a ‘multi hit’ effect may be achieved through the aberrant activation of just a single gene. Many cancer cells acquire abnormal motility behaviour leading to metastasis, the main cause of cancer related deaths. In many cancers, transcription factors capable of inducing motile migratory cell behaviours, so-called EMT transcription factors, are found highly expressed. However, the expression of these genes is not restricted to metastatic invasive cancers; they are often found in benign tumours, or in tumours long before they show any sign of metastasis. This observation motivated us to ask if they may play a role in driving primary tumour growth. Our results show that the Drosophila EMT-inducers Snail and Serpent are both capable of driving overproliferation. However, Snail overproliferation is accompanied by a decrease in cell size as well as cell death, and consequently the tissue does not increase in size. Serpent also drives cell proliferation but this occurs together with an increase in cell size, but not cell death, thus having a profound effect on the overall size of the tissue. We show that both Snail and Serpent trigger activation of the Yorki pathway and in addition Serpent, but not Snail, also triggers activation of the Ras pathway. These results provide insight into how activation of some EMT-inducing genes can also promote primary tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Campbell
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (KC); (JC)
| | - Gaëlle Lebreton
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Franch-Marro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Functional Genomics and Evolution, Department Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (KC); (JC)
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Fan D, Lin X, Zhang F, Zhong W, Hu J, Chen Y, Cai Z, Zou Y, He X, Chen X, Lan P, Wu X. MicroRNA 26b promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by downregulating phosphatase and tensin homolog and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5A. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:354-362. [PMID: 29160937 PMCID: PMC5797816 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are crucially important factors in the survival of malignant tumors. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early step in metastatic progression and the presence of cancer stem cells is closely related to tumor survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Herein we report that ectopic overexpression of microRNA 26b (miR-26b) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines promoted EMT and stem cell-like phenotypes in vitro. Furthermore, miR-26b directly targeted and suppressed multiple tumor suppressors, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5A (WNT5A). Notably, miR-26b is markedly upregulated in tumor samples from patients with lymphatic metastases. These results indicate that miR-26b promotes CRC metastasis by downregulating PTEN and WNT5A, and may represent a therapeutic target for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xutao Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Gopal SK, Greening DW, Hanssen EG, Zhu HJ, Simpson RJ, Mathias RA. Oncogenic epithelial cell-derived exosomes containing Rac1 and PAK2 induce angiogenesis in recipient endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19709-22. [PMID: 26919098 PMCID: PMC4991413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade describes the escape of primary tumour cells to distant secondary sites. Cells at the leading tumour edge are thought to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to enhance their motility and invasion for spreading. Whether EMT cells directly promote tumour angiogenesis, and the role of exosomes (30-150 nm extracellular vesicles) remains largely unknown. We examined the functional effects of exosomes from MDCK cells, MDCK cells stably expressing YBX1 (MDCKYBX1, intermediate EMT), and Ras-transformed MDCK cells (21D1 cells, complete EMT). 2F-2B cell motility and tube formation (length and branching) was significantly increased following supplementation with MDCKYBX1 or 21D1 exosomes, but not MDCK exosomes. Next, Matrigel™ plugs containing exosome-supplemented 2F-2B cells were subcutaneously injected into mice. Systemic perfusion was only observed for plugs supplemented with MDCKYBX1 or 21D1 exosomes. Comparative proteomics revealed that 21D1 exosomes contained VEGF-associated proteins, while MDCKYBX1 exosomes were enriched with activated Rac1 and PAK2. To validate, 2F-2B cells and HUVECs were pre-treated with PAK inhibitors prior to exosome supplementation. PAK inhibition nullified the effects of MDCKYBX1 exosomes by reducing the tube length and branching to baseline levels. By contrast, the effects of 21D1 exosomes were not significantly decreased. Our results demonstrate for the first time that oncogenic cells undergoing EMT can communicate with endothelial cells via exosomes, and establish exosomal Rac1/PAK2 as angiogenic promoters that may function from early stages of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric G Hanssen
- Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rommel A Mathias
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Wang D, Song Z, Wang Z. Common mechanism of pathogenesis in various types of metastatic osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6307-6313. [PMID: 29113282 PMCID: PMC5661405 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the common metastatic mechanism in various types of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS). Gene expression profiles generated from the metastatic OS KHOS and KRIB cell lines and the non-metastatic OS HOS cell line were compared. Two groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KHOS or KRIB and HOS were screened (P<0.01 and |fold change| ≥2) and then underwent Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the subnetwork was mined. Furthermore, overlapping DEGs of these two groups were identified and pathway enrichment and regulatory network analyses were performed. A total of 1,552 and 1,330 DEGs from KHOS vs. HOS and KRIB vs. HOS were obtained, respectively. GO and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs between KRIB and HOS, including anatomical structure morphogenesis and focal adhesion, were similar to those between KHOS and HOS. Vascular endothelial growth factor A and epidermal growth factor receptor were hub nodes in the PPI network for KHOS and KRIB. Subnetworks of these two groups were similar. In addition, 421 upregulated and 595 downregulated overlapping genes were enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways. Furthermore, seven vital transcription factors, including hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (HEY1), were obtained. Overall, different types of metastatic OS were shown to exhibit a similar mechanism of pathogenesis. With the exception of cell adhesion and angiogenesis, recapitulation of the morphogenetic processes facilitates OS tumor formation and metastasis. Genes such as HEY1 are important for metastatic OS. Further studies are required in order to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Zongrang Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Medical College Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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37
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Hu B, Wang B, Zhao B, Guo Q, Li ZH, Zhang XH, Liu GY, Liu Y, Tang Y, Luo F, Du Y, Chen YX, Ma LY, Liu HM. Thiosemicarbazone-based selective proliferation inactivators inhibit gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2173-2180. [PMID: 30108734 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against several selected tumor cell lines of different origins using the MTT assay. The preliminary results indicated that the MGC-803 cell line was remarkably sensitive to all the synthesized compounds. Among this series, compound 5n showed the best inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.93 μM (about 10-fold more potent than 3-AP) against MGC-803. Further mechanism studies revealed that compound 5n could obviously inhibit the proliferation of MGC-803 cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the S phase. Compound 5n also showed marked inhibition of cell migration and invasion, without significant cytotoxicity against gastric epithelial immortalized GES-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Bo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Bing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Qian Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Zhong-Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Xin-Hui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Guang-Yao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Ying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Ying Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Fan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Ya Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Ya-Xin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation , Ministry of Education of China , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , PR China . ;
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38
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Huo X, Han S, Wu G, Latchoumanin O, Zhou G, Hebbard L, George J, Qiao L. Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis, disease progression, and liver cancer stem cells. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:165. [PMID: 29061150 PMCID: PMC5651571 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours with a poor prognosis worldwide. While early stage tumours can be treated with curative approaches such as liver transplantation or surgical resection, these are only suitable for a minority of patients. Those with advanced stage disease are only suitable for supportive approaches and most are resistant to the conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells with unlimited differentiation ability and tumour forming potential. In order to develop novel therapeutic approaches for HCC, we need to understand how the cancer develops and why treatment resistance occurs. Using high-throughput sequencing techniques, a large number of dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified, and some of which are closely linked to key aspects of liver cancer pathology, progression, outcomes and for the maintenance of cancer stem cell-like properties. In addition, some lncRNAs are potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and may serve as the therapeutic targets. This review summarizes data recently reported lncRNAs that might be critical for the maintenance of the biological properties of LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Huo
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Shuanglin Han
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116027, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Olivier Latchoumanin
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Gang Zhou
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Comparative Genomics, The Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, QLD, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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39
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Septin remodeling is essential for the formation of cell membrane protrusions (microtentacles) in detached tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76686-76698. [PMID: 29100341 PMCID: PMC5652735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtentacles are mostly microtubule-based cell protrusions that are formed by detached tumor cells. Here, we report that the formation of tumor cell microtentacles depends on the presence and dynamics of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the septin family, which are part of the cytoskeleton. In matrix-attached breast, lung, prostate and pancreas cancer cells, septins are associated with the cytosolic actin cytoskeleton. Detachment of cells causes redistribution of septins to the membrane, where microtentacle formation occurs. Forchlorfenuron, which inhibits septin functions, blocks microtentacle formation. The small GTPase Cdc42 and its effector proteins Borgs regulate septins and are essential for microtentacle formation. Dominant active and inactive Cdc42 inhibit microtentacle formation indicating that the free cycling of Cdc42 between its active and inactive state is essential for septin regulation and microtentacle formation. Cell attachment and aggregation models suggest that septins play an essential role in the metastatic behavior of tumor cells.
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40
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Shi Y, Qin N, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Huang S, Chen B, Shen G, Jia H. Role of IQGAP3 in metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2017; 15:176. [PMID: 28810875 PMCID: PMC5558666 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide owing to its high rates of metastasis and recurrence. The oncogene IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) is ubiquitously overexpressed in several human cancers, including liver, ovary, lung, large intestine, gastric, bone marrow, and breast malignancies and is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, we aimed to determine the biological role and molecular mechanism of IQGAP3 in HCC. Methods We used 120 archived clinical HCC samples, 9 snap-frozen HCC tumor tissues, and 4 normal liver tissues. Expression of IQGAP3 mRNA and protein in HCC cell lines (Hep3B, SMMC-7721, HCCC-9810, HepG2, BEL-7404, HCCLM3, QGY-7701, Huh7, and MHCC97H) and normal liver epithelial cells LO2 was examined by western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, wound-healing and transwell matrix penetration assays were used to assess the migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells, respectively. Results Expression of the IQGAP3 was robustly upregulated in HCC cells and tissues. High expression of IQGAP3 in HCC correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, ectopic expression of IQGAP3 markedly enhanced HCC cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and promoted metastasis of orthotopic hepatic tumors in nude mice. Conversely, silencing endogenous IQGAP3 showed an opposite effect. Mechanistically, IQGAP3 promoted EMT and metastasis by activating TGF-β signaling. Conclusions IQGAP3 functions as an important regulator of metastasis and EMT by constitutively activating the TGF-β signaling pathway in HCC. Our findings present new evidence of the role of IQGAP3 in EMT and metastasis, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker candidate and a therapeutic target against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Shi
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Department of ENT, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9th Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicong Huang
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9th Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyun Jia
- Department of Clinical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Lee D, Ham IH, Son SY, Han SU, Kim YB, Hur H. Intratumor stromal proportion predicts aggressive phenotype of gastric signet ring cell carcinomas. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:591-601. [PMID: 27858181 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the intratumor stromal proportion in gastric signet ring cell (SRC) carcinomas. BACKGROUND Cancer stroma, as exemplified by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays critical roles in cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. METHODS One hundred seventy-five SRC carcinoma cases were classified according to the intratumor desmoplastic stromal proportion to then analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of stroma-rich cases. We also investigated the impact of CAFs on the migration as well as on the phenotypic changes of gastric SRC carcinomas in vitro. Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing of a pair of CAFs and normal-tissue-associated fibroblasts. RESULTS Stroma-rich SRC carcinomas (64 of 175 cases, 36.5%) were associated with female patients (P = 0.045), large tumor size (P = 0.007), higher T category (P < 0.001), and the presence of perineural invasion (P = 0.018). Patients with stroma-rich SRC carcinomas had a significantly shorter disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P < 0.001). However, in a subgroup analysis, the prognostic significance of the stromal proportion correlated only with patients with T3/4 disease. From multivariate analysis, the high stromal proportion is an independent prognostic factor to predict worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio 2.288; P = 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio 2.503; P = 0.001). We found that CAFs enhanced the migratory abilities of cancer cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and RNA sequencing results confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS The intratumor stromal proportion could be a useful prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in gastric SRC carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Son
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Tan M, Zhang D, Zhang E, Xu D, Liu Z, Qiu J, Fan Y, Shen B. SENP2 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through deSUMOylation of TGF-βRI. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2332-2341. [PMID: 28574613 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is a deSUMOylation protease that plays an important role in the regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Aberrant TGF-β signaling is common in human cancers and contributes to tumor metastasis by inducing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In previous studies, we demonstrated that SENP2 suppresses bladder cancer cell migration and invasion. However, little is known about whether SENP2 inhibits EMT by regulating TGF-β signaling in bladder cancer progression. Here, we investigated the role of SENP2 in regulating TGF-β signaling and bladder cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We found that SENP2 is frequently downregulated in bladder cancer, especially in metastatic bladder cancer. SENP2 downregulation is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcomes. SENP2 knockdown results in a decrease of E-cadherin and an increase of N-cadherin and fibronectin at both transcript and protein levels, indicating that SENP2 negatively regulates EMT. On the contrary, SENP2 overexpression suppresses TGF-β signaling and TGF-β-induced EMT. We further demonstrated that SENP2 regulates TGF-β signaling partly through deSUMOylation of TGFβ receptor I (TGF-βRI). Functionally, SENP2 suppresses bladder cancer cell invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, acts as a tumor suppressor gene in bladder cancer. Our results establish a function of SENP2 in metastatic progression and suggest its candidacy as a new prognostic biomarker and target for clinical management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Tan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area people's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Encheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Marwarha G, Raza S, Hammer K, Ghribi O. 27-hydroxycholesterol: A novel player in molecular carcinogenesis of breast and prostate cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:108-126. [PMID: 28583434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an etiological role for hypercholesterolemia in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and prostate cancer (PCa). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie and mediate the hypercholesterolemia-fostered increased risk for breast cancer and PCa are yet to be determined. The discovery that the most abundant cholesterol oxidized metabolite in the plasma, 27 hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and an agonist of Liver X receptors (LXR) partially fills the void in our understanding and knowledge of the mechanisms that may link hypercholesterolemia to development and progression of breast cancer and PCa. The wide spectrum and repertoire of SERM and LXR-dependent effects of 27-OHC in the context of all facets and aspects of breast cancer and prostate cancer biology are reviewed in this manuscript in a very comprehensive manner. This review highlights recent findings pertaining to the role of 27-OHC in breast cancer and PCa and delineates the signaling mechanisms involved in the governing of different facets of tumor biology, that include tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. We also discuss the limitations of contemporary studies and lack of our comprehension of the entire gamut of effects exerted by 27-OHC that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of breast cancer and PCa. We unveil and propose potential future directions of research that may further our understanding of the role of 27-OHC in breast cancer and PCa and help design therapeutic interventions against endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Shaneabbas Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Kimberly Hammer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA; Department of Veteran Affairs, Fargo VA Health Care System, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
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Yan L, Li Y, Shi Z, Lu X, Ma J, Hu B, Jiao J, Wang H. The zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 ( Zeb1) promotes the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into functional neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12959-12970. [PMID: 28500132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger E-box-binding transcription factor Zeb1 plays a pivotal role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms by which Zeb1 contributes to this process. However, the functions of Zeb1 beyond the epithelial-mesenchymal transition remain largely elusive. Using a transdifferentiation system to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into functional neurons via the neuronal transcription factors achaete-scute family bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor1 (Ascl1), POU class 3 homeobox 2 (POU3F2/Brn2), and neurogenin 2 (Neurog2, Ngn2) (ABN), we found that Zeb1 was up-regulated during the early stages of transdifferentiation. Knocking down Zeb1 dramatically attenuated the transdifferentiation efficiency, whereas Zeb1 overexpression obviously increased the efficiency of transdifferentiation from MEFs to neurons. Interestingly, Zeb1 improved the transdifferentiation efficiency induced by even a single transcription factor (e.g. Asc1 or Ngn2). Zeb1 also rapidly promoted the maturation of induced neuron cells to functional neurons and improved the formation of neuronal patterns and electrophysiological characteristics. Induced neuron cells could form functional synapse in vivo after transplantation. Genome-wide RNA arrays showed that Zeb1 overexpression up-regulated the expression of neuron-specific genes and down-regulated the expression of epithelial-specific genes during conversion. Taken together, our results reveal a new role for Zeb1 in the transdifferentiation of MEFs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang S, Lin Y, Miao Y, Zeng Y, Nie Y, Guo P, Jiang G, Wu J. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Role of the IL-8/IL-8R axis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4577-4584. [PMID: 28599458 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that is associated with cancer metastasis and invasion. In cancer, EMT promotes cell motility, invasion and distant metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 is highly expressed in tumors and may induce EMT. The IL-8/IL-8R axis has a vital role in EMT in carcinoma, which is regulated by several signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor β-spleen associated tyrosine kinase/Src-AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38/Jun N-terminal kinase-activating transcription factor-2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, nuclear factor-κB and Wnt signaling pathways. Blocking the IL-8/IL-8R signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to reduce metastasis and improve patient survival rates. This review will cover IL-8-IL-8R signaling pathway in tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Wang
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Cancer Centre Karolinska, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yali Miao
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zeng
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Outpatient Building, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Obayashi M, Yoshida M, Tsunematsu T, Ogawa I, Sasahira T, Kuniyasu H, Imoto I, Abiko Y, Xu D, Fukunaga S, Tahara H, Kudo Y, Nagao T, Takata T. microRNA-203 suppresses invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction via targeting NUAK1 in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8223-39. [PMID: 26882562 PMCID: PMC4884988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high capacity for invasion. To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate HNSCC invasion, we compared miRNA expression profiles between a parent HNSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. The miR-200 family and miR-203 were downregulated in the clone. Here we focused on the role of miR-203 in invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction in HNSCC. miR-203 was downregulated during EMT induction. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of miR-203 suppressed the invasion and induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in HNSCC cells. Interestingly, we identified NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a novel target gene of miR-203 by cyclopedic analysis using anti-Ago2 antibody. Increased expression of NUAK1 was observed during EMT induction, and ectopic expression of miR-203 delayed EMT induction by suppressing NUAK1 expression. Moreover, NUAK1 overexpression promoted the invasion of HNSCC cells. Importantly, NUAK1 expression was well correlated with poor differentiation, invasiveness, and lymph node metastasis in HNSCC cases. Overall, miR-203 has a tumor-suppressing role in invasion and EMT induction by targeting NUAK1 in HNSCC, suggesting miR-203 as a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Obayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Saori Fukunaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Pan Y, Guo X, Yang Z, Chen S, Lei Y, Lin M, Wang L, Feng C, Ke Z. AEG-1 activates Wnt/PCP signaling to promote metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2093-104. [PMID: 26689985 PMCID: PMC4811518 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy, survival among patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) and cervical lymph node metastasis remains dismal. Here, we estimated the functional effect of AEG-1 on TSCC metastasis and explored the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We initially found that AEG-1 mRNA levels were much higher in metastatic TSCC than in non-metastatic TSCC and that AEG-1 expression strongly correlates with EMT status. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the combined AEG-1 and EMT statuses are predictive of the survival rate among TSCC patients. In addition, AEG-1 knockdown inhibited EMT in cultured TSCC cell lines and in a xenograft-mouse model. Recombinant AEG-1 activated Wnt/PCP-Rho signaling, and its stimulatory effects on TSCC cell invasiveness and EMT were reversed by an anti-Wnt5a neutralizing antibody or by inhibition of Rac1 or ROCK. These results highlight the critical stimulatory effect of AEG-1 on cancer cell invasiveness and EMT and indicate that AEG-1 may be a useful prognostic biomarker for TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Yiyan Lei
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Chongjin Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R.China
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Ovol2 gene inhibits the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in lung adenocarcinoma by transcriptionally repressing Twist1. Gene 2016; 600:1-8. [PMID: 27884772 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associated with recent achievements in therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma, there will still be an unmet medical need for effective treatment of stage IIIb/IV, and the prognosis of lung cancer is not optimistic till now. OBJECTIVE In order to obtain some essential evidences for a potential targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma, the effects of Ovol2 gene on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was observed and the probable mechanisms were analyzed. METHODS Ovol2 expression was previously evaluated by immunochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, and Ovol2 was overexpressed by lentivirus infection in A549 cells. Subsequently, the migration and invasion ability of A549 cells was tested by Transwell and Wound healing experiments. The mRNA level of genes correlated to EMT was detected by Real-time PCR, and the expression of reasonable makers was probed by Western Blot. Finally, rescue experiment, Luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed to explore the probable mechanisms. RESULTS After treated with Ovol2 overexpression, the expression level of E-cadherin was increased, while the expression level of Vimentin and Twist1 was declined not only in the mRNA level but also in the protein level. Moreover, we found that Ovol2 represses transcription of Twist1 by binding to its promoter directly. Wound healing and Transwell assays indicate that the migration and invasion ability were downregulated by Ovol2 in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Ovol2 can suppress migration and invasion ability of A549 cells, and prevent EMT by inhibition of Twist1 transcription directly.
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Han Q, Zhang HY, Zhong BL, Wang XJ, Zhang B, Chen H. MicroRNA-145 Inhibits Cell Migration and Invasion and Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) by Targeting Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3925-3934. [PMID: 27771733 PMCID: PMC5081241 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the mechanism of miR-145 in targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which affects the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC cells. Material/Methods A total of 50 ESCC tissues and their corresponding normal adjacent esophageal tissue samples were collected. Then, miR-145 expression in both ESCC clinical specimens and cell lines was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. CTGF protein was detected using immunohistochemistry. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to assess the effect of miR-145 on the 3′UTR luciferase activity of CTGF. Eca109 cells were transfected with miR-145 mimics and CTGF siRNA, respectively, and changes in cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected via MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of marker genes related to EMT. Results MiR-145 was significantly down-regulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines compared with normal tissues and cell lines (P<0.05). We found significantly more positively expressed CTGF protein in ESCC tissues was than in normal adjacent esophageal tissues (P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-145 can specifically bind with the 3′UTR of CTGF and significantly inhibit the luciferase activity by 55% (P<0.01). Up-regulation of miR-145 or down-regulation of CTGF can suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process of ESCC cells. Conclusions MiR-145 was significantly down-regulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines, while the protein expression of CTGF exhibited the opposite trend. MiR-145 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and the EMT process of ESCC cells through targeted regulation of CTGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Han
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Yong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bei-Long Zhong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Wang L, Yu P. miR-300 promotes proliferation and EMT-mediated colorectal cancer migration and invasion by targeting p53. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3225-3232. [PMID: 27779716 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 mutations in tumors can induce the loss of wild-type tumor-suppressing p53 function, which results in the increase in proliferation, migration and invasion ability in cancer cells. Studies have shown that the expression of p53 is regulated by several microRNAs (miRNAs). In the present study, we found that miR-300 and p53 were significantly increased in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues when compared with levels noted in adjacent colorectal tissues. Both miR-300 and p53 were significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. Both miR-300 and p53 promoted CRC cell (SW480 and HT29) proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively, in vitro. In addition, we found that miR-300 is a direct positive regulator of p53 through binding to the binding site in the 3'UTR of the p53 gene in human CRC cells. Moreover, both miR-300 and p53 induced CRC cell epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-300 promoted proliferation and EMT-mediated CRC migration and invasion by targeting p53. These findings provide a new theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets, and thus lays the foundation for exploring the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Peiwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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