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Yenigül M, Gencer
Akçok EB. Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Autophagy Modulation Induces a Synergistic Antiproliferative Effect and Cell Death in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21755-21768. [PMID: 37360445 PMCID: PMC10285991 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as biliary tract cancer, is an aggressive adenocarcinoma arising from epithelial cells lining the intra- and extrahepatic biliary system. The effects of autophagy modulators and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma are not fully known. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms and the effects of HDAC inhibitors in the context of cholangiocarcinoma. The antiproliferative effect of different HDAC inhibitors and autophagy modulation was investigated by the MTT cell viability assay in TFK-1 and EGI-1 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Combination indexes were calculated using CompuSyn software. Consequently, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. The effect of the drugs on the cell cycle was measured by the propidium iodide staining. The HDAC inhibition was confirmed via acetylated histone protein levels by western blotting. HDAC inhibitors, MS-275 and romidepsin, showed a better synergistic effect with the nocodazole combination. The combination treatment exerted its growth inhibitory effect by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis of the combination treatment showed that the S phase and G2/M phase were achieved. Moreover, the necrotic and apoptotic cell population increased after single HDAC inhibitors and combination treatment. The anti-cancer effect of HDAC inhibitors is revealed by acetylation levels of histones. While acetylation levels were increased in response to HDAC inhibitors and autophagy modulator combinations, the HDAC expression decreased. This study highlights the importance of the combination of HDAC inhibition and autophagy modulators and demonstrates a synergistic effect, which could be a promising therapy and novel treatment approach for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münevver Yenigül
- Graduate
School of Engineering and Science, Bioengineering Department, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Emel Başak Gencer
Akçok
- Faculty
of Life and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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Nakamura K, Asanuma K, Okamoto T, Iino T, Hagi T, Nakamura T, Sudo A. Combination of Everolimus and Bortezomib Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas via JNK/p38/ERK MAPK and AKT Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092468. [PMID: 37173935 PMCID: PMC10177427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin and proteasome inhibitors is a new treatment strategy for various tumors. Herein, we investigated the synergistic effect of everolimus and bortezomib on tumor growth and metastasis in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The antitumor effects of everolimus and bortezomib were assessed in a human fibrosarcoma (FS) cell line (HT1080) and mouse osteosarcoma (OS) cell line (LM8) by MTS assays and Western blotting. The effects of everolimus and bortezomib on HT1080 and LM8 tumor growth in xenograft mouse models were evaluated using tumor volume and the number of metastatic nodes of the resected lungs. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate cleaved PARP expression. The combination therapy decreased FS and OS cell proliferation compared with either drug alone. This combination induced more intense p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK and activated apoptosis signals, such as caspase-3, compared with single-agent treatment. The combination treatment reduced p-AKT and MYC expression, decreased FS and OS tumor volumes, and suppressed lung metastases of OS. The combination therapy inhibited tumor growth in FS and OS and metastatic progression of OS via the JNK/p38/ERK MAPK and AKT pathways. These results could aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan
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Pellegrino M, Ricci E, Ceraldi R, Nigro A, Bonofiglio D, Lanzino M, Morelli C. From HDAC to Voltage-Gated Ion Channels: What's Next? The Long Road of Antiepileptic Drugs Repositioning in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184401. [PMID: 36139561 PMCID: PMC9497059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although in the last decades the clinical outcome of cancer patients considerably improved, the major drawbacks still associated with chemotherapy are the unwanted side effects and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, a continuous effort in trying to discover new tumor markers, possibly of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value, is being made. This review is aimed at highlighting the anti-tumor activity that several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) exert in breast, prostate and other types of cancers, mainly focusing on their ability to block the voltage-gated Na+ and Ca++ channels, as well as to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), all well-documented tumor markers and/or molecular targets. The existence of additional AEDs molecular targets is highly suspected. Therefore, the repurposing of already available drugs as adjuvants in cancer treatment would have several advantages, such as reductions in dose-related toxicity CVs will be sent in a separate mail to the indicated address of combined treatments, lower production costs, and faster approval for clinical use. Abstract Cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Although the plethora of molecular targets identified in the last decades and the deriving developed treatments, which significantly improved patients’ outcome, the occurrence of resistance to therapies remains the major cause of relapse and mortality. Thus, efforts in identifying new markers to be exploited as molecular targets in cancer therapy are needed. This review will first give a glance on the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) in cancer. Nevertheless, HDAC and VGICs have also been reported as molecular targets through which antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) seem to exert their anticancer activity. This should be claimed as a great advantage. Indeed, due to the slowness of drug approval procedures, the attempt to turn to off-label use of already approved medicines would be highly preferable. Therefore, an updated and accurate overview of both preclinical and clinical data of commonly prescribed AEDs (mainly valproic acid, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin) in breast, prostate, brain and other cancers will follow. Finally, a glance at the emerging attempt to administer AEDs by means of opportunely designed drug delivery systems (DDSs), so to limit toxicity and improve bioavailability, is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marilena Lanzino
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-0984-496206 (M.L.); +39-0984-496211 (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-0984-496206 (M.L.); +39-0984-496211 (C.M.)
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Singh T, Kaur P, Singh P, Singh S, Munshi A. Differential molecular mechanistic behavior of HDACs in cancer progression. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:171. [PMID: 35972597 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic aberration including mutation in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes transforms normal cells into tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications work concertedly with genetic factors in controlling cancer development. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and chromatin structure modifier are prospective epigenetic regulators. Specifically, HDACs are histone modifiers regulating the expression of genes implicated in cell survival, growth, apoptosis, and metabolism. The majority of HDACs are highly upregulated in cancer, whereas some have a varied function and expression in cancer progression. Distinct HDACs have a positive and negative role in controlling cancer progression. HDACs are also significantly involved in tumor cells acquiring metastatic and angiogenic potential in order to withstand the anti-tumor microenvironment. HDACs' role in modulating metabolic genes has also been associated with tumor development and survival. This review highlights and discusses the molecular mechanisms of HDACs by which they regulate cell survival, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, stemness potential, angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in tumor cells. HDACs are the potential target for anti-cancer drug development and various inhibitors have been developed and FDA approved for a variety of cancers. The primary HDAC inhibitors with proven anti-cancer efficacy have also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Prabhsimran Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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A novel HDAC1/2 inhibitor suppresses colorectal cancer through apoptosis induction and cell cycle regulation. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109778. [PMID: 34929181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death around the world, and synthetic chemicals targeting specific proteins or various molecular pathways for tumor suppression, such as histone deacetylases (HADC) inhibitors, are under intensively studied. The target of HDAC involves in regulating critical cellular mechanisms and underpins the progression of anticancer therapy. However, little is known about the antitumor mechanisms of class I specific HDAC inhibitors in CRC. We structurally designed and synthesized benzamide-based compounds, examined their anticancer activity in several solid tumors, and identified compound 9 with high potential. Results from the in vitro enzyme and cell-based studies demonstrated that compound 9 as a selective HDAC1/2 inhibitor that possessed short-term and long-term suppression capacities against colorectal cancer cells. Investigation of molecular regulatory mechanisms of 9 in colorectal cancer cells by biological functional assays evidenced that treatment of compound 9 could activate apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, facilitate DNA damage process, and suppress cancer migration. A non-cancerous cell line and the in vivo zebrafish model were applied for safety evaluation. In summary, our results demonstrate that compound 9 is a promising lead drug worth further investigation for development of future cancer therapeutic agents.
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Jenke R, Reßing N, Hansen FK, Aigner A, Büch T. Anticancer Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors: Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:634. [PMID: 33562653 PMCID: PMC7915831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis has fueled targeted cancer therapies based on specific inhibitors. Beyond "classic" oncogene inhibitors, epigenetic therapy is an emerging field. Epigenetic alterations can occur at any time during cancer progression, altering the structure of the chromatin, the accessibility for transcription factors and thus the transcription of genes. They rely on post-translational histone modifications, particularly the acetylation of histone lysine residues, and are determined by the inverse action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, HDACs are often aberrantly overexpressed, predominantly leading to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are powerful drugs, with some already approved for certain hematological cancers. Albeit HDACis show activity in solid tumors as well, further refinement and the development of novel drugs are needed. This review describes the capability of HDACis to influence various pathways and, based on this knowledge, gives a comprehensive overview of various preclinical and clinical studies on solid tumors. A particular focus is placed on strategies for achieving higher efficacy by combination therapies, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-EGFR inhibitors and hormone- or immunotherapy. This also includes new bifunctional inhibitors as well as novel approaches for HDAC degradation via PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jenke
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nina Reßing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Thomas Büch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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Dowling CM, Hollinshead KER, Di Grande A, Pritchard J, Zhang H, Dillon ET, Haley K, Papadopoulos E, Mehta AK, Bleach R, Lindner AU, Mooney B, Düssmann H, O'Connor D, Prehn JHM, Wynne K, Hemann M, Bradner JE, Kimmelman AC, Guerriero JL, Cagney G, Wong KK, Letai AG, Chonghaile TN. Multiple screening approaches reveal HDAC6 as a novel regulator of glycolytic metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabc4897. [PMID: 33523897 PMCID: PMC7810372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer without a targeted form of therapy. Unfortunately, up to 70% of patients with TNBC develop resistance to treatment. A known contributor to chemoresistance is dysfunctional mitochondrial apoptosis signaling. We set up a phenotypic small-molecule screen to reveal vulnerabilities in TNBC cells that were independent of mitochondrial apoptosis. Using a functional genetic approach, we identified that a "hit" compound, BAS-2, had a potentially similar mechanism of action to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC). An in vitro HDAC inhibitor assay confirmed that the compound selectively inhibited HDAC6. Using state-of-the-art acetylome mass spectrometry, we identified glycolytic substrates of HDAC6 in TNBC cells. We confirmed that inhibition or knockout of HDAC6 reduced glycolytic metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Through a series of unbiased screening approaches, we have identified a previously unidentified role for HDAC6 in regulating glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catríona M Dowling
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate E R Hollinshead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Di Grande
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene T Dillon
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Haley
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleni Papadopoulos
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita K Mehta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Bleach
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas U Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Mooney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran O'Connor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard Cagney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony G Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tríona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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Rutz J, Thaler S, Maxeiner S, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228724. [PMID: 33218199 PMCID: PMC7699211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients whose tumors develop resistance to conventional treatment often turn to natural, plant-derived products, one of which is sulforaphane (SFN). This study was designed to determine whether anti-tumor properties of SFN, identified in other tumor entities, are also evident in cultivated DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. The cells were incubated with SFN (1–20 µM) and tumor cell growth and proliferative activity were evaluated. Having found a considerable anti-growth, anti-proliferative, and anti-clonogenic influence of SFN on both prostate cancer cell lines, further investigation into possible mechanisms of action were performed by evaluating the cell cycle phases and cell-cycle-regulating proteins. SFN induced a cell cycle arrest at the S- and G2/M-phase in both DU145 and PC3 cells. Elevation of histone H3 and H4 acetylation was also evident in both cell lines following SFN exposure. However, alterations occurring in the Cdk-cyclin axis, modification of the p19 and p27 proteins and changes in CD44v4, v5, and v7 expression because of SFN exposure differed in the two cell lines. SFN, therefore, does exert anti-tumor properties on these two prostate cancer cell lines by histone acetylation and altering the intracellular signaling cascade, but not through the same molecular mechanisms.
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Gerlitz G. The Emerging Roles of Heterochromatin in Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:394. [PMID: 32528959 PMCID: PMC7266953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a key process in health and disease. In the last decade an increasing attention is given to chromatin organization in migrating cells. In various types of cells induction of migration leads to a global increase in heterochromatin levels. Heterochromatin is required for optimal cell migration capabilities, since various interventions with heterochromatin formation impeded the migration rate of numerous cell types. Heterochromatin supports the migration process by affecting both the mechanical properties of the nucleus as well as the genetic processes taking place within it. Increased heterochromatin levels elevate nuclear rigidity in a manner that allows faster cell migration in 3D environments. Condensed chromatin and a more rigid nucleus may increase nuclear durability to shear stress and prevent DNA damage during the migration process. In addition, heterochromatin reorganization in migrating cells is important for induction of migration-specific transcriptional plan together with inhibition of many other unnecessary transcriptional changes. Thus, chromatin organization appears to have a key role in the cellular migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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10
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Qi G, Lu G, Yu J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Xia Q. Up-regulation of TIF1γ by valproic acid inhibits the epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate carcinoma through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172551. [PMID: 31323225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors, can suppress prostate cancer (PCa) cells epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) which is a vital protein molecule that possesses ubiquitination enzyme activity, can mediate TGF-β induced EMT. We aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism between VPA and EMT occurrence in PCa cells to clarify the potential mechanism of TIF1γ involved. In our vitro experiments, we first investigated the effect of VPA on the expression TIF1γ. After TIF1γ was knockdown or overexpressed by related lentivirus, EMT of PCa cells were assessed. When TIF1γ knockdown or overexpress stable cell line were established, cells were treated with additional VPA, EMT index were detected and functional experiments were also conducted to confirm whether VPA inhibited EMT of PCa cells via TIF1γ. The mono-ubiquitination of Smad4 was analyzed simultaneously. In vivo, mice were facilitated with PC3 cells or TIF1γ related knockdown or overexpress virus transfected PC3 cells with or without VPA administration. Results showed that in vitro VPA can increase the expression of TIF1γ and also induce the increase expression of E-cadherin, and the decrease of N-cadherin and vimentin. Knocking down of TIF1γ can effectively block the effect of VPA on EMT and metastasis while overexpression of TIF1γ can strengthen its role. In vivo VPA also showed its anti-growth effect including tumor growth and EMT mediated by TIF1γ coincide with in vitro experiments. In conclusion, VPA inhibits the EMT in PCa cells via up-regulating the expression of TIF1γ and the mono-ubiquitination Smad4. VPA could serve as a promising agent in PCa treatment, with new strategies based on its diverse effects on posttranscriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Qi
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, China
| | - Hongge Zhang
- Third Department of Surgery, Tengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tengzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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11
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Mani J, Neuschäfer J, Resch C, Rutz J, Maxeiner S, Roos F, Chun FKH, Juengel E, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin Modulates Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion and Migration In Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:528-537. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Neuschäfer
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Resch
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Roos
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Juengel E, Natsheh I, Najafi R, Rutz J, Tsaur I, Haferkamp A, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. Mechanisms behind Temsirolimus Resistance Causing Reactivated Growth and Invasive Behavior of Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060777. [PMID: 31167517 PMCID: PMC6627393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as temsirolimus, show promise in treating bladder cancer, acquired resistance often hampers efficacy. This study evaluates mechanisms leading to resistance. Methods: Cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle phases, and cell cycle regulating proteins were compared in temsirolimus resistant (res) and sensitive (parental—par) RT112 and UMUC3 bladder cancer cells. To evaluate invasive behavior, adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins and chemotactic activity were examined. Integrin α and β subtypes were analyzed and blocking was done to evaluate physiologic integrin relevance. Results: Growth of RT112res could no longer be restrained by temsirolimus and was even enhanced in UMUC3res, accompanied by accumulation in the S- and G2/M-phase. Proteins of the cdk-cyclin and Akt-mTOR axis increased, whereas p19, p27, p53, and p73 decreased in resistant cells treated with low-dosed temsirolimus. Chemotactic activity of RT112res/UMUC3res was elevated following temsirolimus re-exposure, along with significant integrin α2, α3, and β1 alterations. Blocking revealed a functional switch of the integrins, driving the resistant cells from being adhesive to being highly motile. Conclusion: Temsirolimus resistance is associated with reactivation of bladder cancer growth and invasive behavior. The α2, α3, and β1 integrins could be attractive treatment targets to hinder temsirolimus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Iyad Natsheh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 13110, Jordan.
| | - Ramin Najafi
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Felix K-H Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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13
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Chen Y, Yuan X, Zhang W, Tang M, Zheng L, Wang F, Yan W, Yang S, Wei Y, He J, Chen L. Discovery of Novel Dual Histone Deacetylase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Target Inhibitors as a Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1577-1592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Manca S, Frisbie CP, LaGrange CA, Casey CA, Riethoven JJM, Petrosyan A. The Role of Alcohol-Induced Golgi Fragmentation for Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:225-237. [PMID: 30224543 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic observations and meta-analysis clearly indicate the link between alcohol abuse and the incidence and progression of prostate cancer; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic. Recently, it was found that ethanol (EtOH) induces disorganization of the Golgi complex caused by impaired function of the largest Golgi matrix protein, giantin (GOLGB1), which, in turn, alters the Golgi docking of resident Golgi proteins. Here, it is determined that in normal prostate cells, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), the known regulator of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, localizes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, while its kinase, glycogen synthase kinase β (GSK3β), primarily resides in the Golgi. Progression of prostate cancer is accompanied by Golgi scattering, translocation of GSK3β from the Golgi to the cytoplasm, and the cytoplasmic shift in HDAC6 localization. Alcohol dehydrogenase-generated metabolites induces Golgi disorganization in androgen-responsive LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, facilitates tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model and activates anchorage-independent proliferation, migration, and cell adhesion. EtOH-treated cells demonstrate reduced giantin and subsequent cytoplasmic GSK3β; this phenomenon was validated in giantin-depleted cells. Redistribution of GSK3β to the cytoplasm results in phosphorylation of HDAC6 and its retention in the cytoplasm, which, in turn, stimulates deacetylation of HSP90, AR import into the nucleus, and secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Finally, the relationship between Golgi morphology, HDAC6 cytoplasmic content, and clinicopathologic features was assessed in human prostate cancer patient specimens with and without a history of alcohol dependence. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of alcohol-induced Golgi fragmentation in the activation of AR-mediated proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Manca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cole P Frisbie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chad A LaGrange
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jean-Jack M Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.,The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, Nebraska.,The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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15
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HDAC Inhibition Counteracts Metastatic Re-Activation of Prostate Cancer Cells Induced by Chronic mTOR Suppression. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090129. [PMID: 30200497 PMCID: PMC6162415 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition might circumvent resistance towards the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus in a prostate cancer cell model. Parental (par) and temsirolimus-resistant (res) PC3 prostate cancer cells were exposed to the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), and tumor cell adhesion, chemotaxis, migration, and invasion were evaluated. Temsirolimus resistance was characterized by reduced binding of PC3res cells to endothelium, immobilized collagen, and fibronectin, but increased adhesion to laminin, as compared to the parental cells. Chemotaxis, migration, and invasion of PC3res cells were enhanced following temsirolimus re-treatment. Integrin α and β receptors were significantly altered in PC3res compared to PC3par cells. VPA significantly counteracted temsirolimus resistance by down-regulating tumor cell–matrix interaction, chemotaxis, and migration. Evaluation of integrin expression in the presence of VPA revealed a significant down-regulation of integrin α5 in PC3res cells. Blocking studies demonstrated a close association between α5 expression on PC3res and chemotaxis. In this in vitro model, temsirolimus resistance drove prostate cancer cells to become highly motile, while HDAC inhibition reversed the metastatic activity. The VPA-induced inhibition of metastatic activity was accompanied by a lowered integrin α5 surface level on the tumor cells.
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16
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Tran LNK, Kichenadasse G, Sykes PJ. Combination Therapies Using Metformin and/or Valproic Acid in Prostate Cancer: Possible Mechanistic Interactions. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:368-381. [PMID: 30039761 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180724111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer in men. The evolution from local PCa to castration-resistant PCa, an end-stage of disease, is often associated with changes in genes such as p53, androgen receptor, PTEN, and ETS gene fusion products. Evidence is accumulating that repurposing of metformin (MET) and valproic acid (VPA) either when used alone, or in combination, with another therapy, could potentially play a role in slowing down PCa progression. This review provides an overview of the application of MET and VPA, both alone and in combination with other drugs for PCa treatment, correlates the responses to these drugs with common molecular changes in PCa, and then describes the potential for combined MET and VPA as a systemic therapy for prostate cancer, based on potential interacting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh N K Tran
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pamela J Sykes
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Wang XQ, Bai HM, Li ST, Sun H, Min LZ, Tao BB, Zhong J, Li B. Knockdown of HDAC1 expression suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28624794 PMCID: PMC5564623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with a low survival rate of five years worldwide. Although high expression and prognostic value of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) have been recently reported in various types of human tumors, the molecular mechanism underlying the biological function of HDAC1 in glioma is still unclear. We found that HDAC1 was elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines. HDAC1 expression was closely related with pathological grade and overall survival of patients with gliomas. Downregulation of HDAC1 inhibited cell proliferation, prevented invasion of glioma cell lines, and induced cell apoptosis. The expression of apoptosis and metastasis related molecules were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, in U251 and T98G cells with HDAC1 knockdown. We found that HDAC1 knockdown upregulated expression of BIM, BAX, cleaved CASPASE3 and E-CADHERIN, and decreased expression of TWIST1, SNAIL and MMP9 in U251 and T98G cells with HDAC1 knockdown. In vivo data showed that knockdown of HDAC1 inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. In summary, HDAC1 may therefore be considered an unfavorable progression indicator for glioma patients, and may also serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Min Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling-Zhao Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bang-Bao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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18
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Guo H, Zhong Y, Jackson AL, Clark LH, Kilgore J, Zhang L, Han J, Sheng X, Gilliam TP, Gehrig PA, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Everolimus exhibits anti-tumorigenic activity in obesity-induced ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20338-56. [PMID: 26959121 PMCID: PMC4991459 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Everolimus inhibits mTOR kinase activity and its downstream targets by acting on mTORC1 and has anti-tumorigenic activity in ovarian cancer. Clinical and epidemiologic data find that obesity is associated with worse outcomes in ovarian cancer. In addition, obesity leads to hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway in epithelial tissues, suggesting that mTOR inhibitors may be a logical choice for treatment in obesity-driven cancers. However, it remains unclear if obesity impacts the effect of everolimus on tumor growth in ovarian cancer. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of everolimus on cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell stress and invasion in human ovarian cancer cells. A genetically engineered mouse model of serous ovarian cancer fed a high fat diet or low fat diet allowed further investigation into the inter-relationship between everolimus and obesity in vivo. Everolimus significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis, reduced invasion and caused cellular stress via inhibition of mTOR pathways in vitro. Hypoglycemic conditions enhanced the sensitivity of cells to everolimus through the disruption of glycolysis. Moreover, everolimus was found to inhibit ovarian tumor growth in both obese and lean mice. This reduction coincided with a decrease in expression of Ki-67 and phosphorylated-S6, as well as an increase in cleaved caspase 3 and phosphorylated-AKT. Metabolite profiling revealed that everolimus was able to alter tumor metabolism through different metabolic pathways in the obese and lean mice. Our findings support that everolimus may be a promising therapeutic agent for obesity-driven ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - Amanda L Jackson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leslie H Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josh Kilgore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Timothy P Gilliam
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paola A Gehrig
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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HDAC inhibition as a treatment concept to combat temsirolimus-resistant bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110016-110028. [PMID: 29299126 PMCID: PMC5746361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) might be a promising molecular target to treat advanced bladder cancer, resistance develops under chronic exposure to an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus, temsirolimus). Based on earlier studies, we proposed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) blockade might circumvent resistance and investigated whether HDAC inhibition has an impact on growth of bladder cancer cells with acquired resistance towards temsirolimus. Results The HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) significantly inhibited growth, proliferation and caused G0/G1 phase arrest in RT112res and UMUC-3res. cdk1, cyclin B, cdk2, cyclin A and Skp1 p19 were down-regulated, p27 was elevated. Akt-mTOR signaling was deactivated, whereas acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in RT112res and UMUC-3res increased in the presence of VPA. Knocking down cdk2 or cyclin A resulted in a significant growth blockade of RT112res and UMUC-3res. Materials And Methods Parental (par) and resistant (res) RT112 and UMUC-3 cells were exposed to the HDAC inhibitor VPA. Tumor cell growth, proliferation, cell cycling and expression of cell cycle regulating proteins were then evaluated. siRNA blockade was used to investigate the functional impact of the proteins. Conclusions HDAC inhibition induced a strong response of temsirolimus-resistant bladder cancer cells. Therefore, the temsirolimus-VPA-combination might be an innovative strategy for bladder cancer treatment.
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20
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Sang Z, Sun Y, Ruan H, Cheng Y, Ding X, Yu Y. Anticancer effects of valproic acid on oral squamous cell carcinoma via SUMOylation in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3979-3987. [PMID: 28101176 PMCID: PMC5228083 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) has a key role in the neoplastic process associated with the epigenetic patterns of tumor-related genes. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and determine the mechanism of action of the HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on the CAL27 cell line derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The effects of VPA on the viability of CAL27 cells were investigated using MTT assays. Alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis were also examined using propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-PI assays, and were subequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-related genes were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, the effects of VPA were assessed using a xenograft model in vivo. The present results demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability following VPA treatment. Treatment with VPA increased the distribution of CAL27 cells in the G1 phase and reduced cells in the S phase, and significantly increased the expression levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2 (P<0.01). Using a xenograft model, the mean tumor volume in VPA-treated animals was demonstrated to be significantly reduced, and the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased, as compared with the control animals. These results suggested that VPA may regulate SUMOylation, producing an anticancer effect in vivo. Further investigation into the role of VPA in tumorigenesis may identify novel therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ruan
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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21
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Fairhurst C, Martin F, Watt I, Doran T, Bland M, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the CPRD primary care database. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011661. [PMID: 27601493 PMCID: PMC5020752 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)-inhibiting drugs are commonly used to treat epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia. VGSCs are also widely expressed in various cancers, including those of the breast, bowel and prostate. A number of VGSC-inhibiting drugs have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models, suggesting that VGSCs may be novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. Surprisingly, we previously found that prior exposure to VGSC-inhibiting drugs may be associated with reduced overall survival in patients with cancer, but we were unable to control for the cause of death or indication for prescription. The purpose of the present study is to interrogate a different database to further investigate the relationship between VGSC-inhibiting drugs and cancer-specific survival. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database will include patients with diagnosis of breast, bowel and prostate cancer (13 000). The primary outcome will be cancer-specific survival from the date of cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression will be used to compare survival of patients taking VGSC-inhibiting drugs (including antiepileptic drugs and class I antiarrhythmic agents) with patients with cancer not taking these drugs, adjusting for cancer type, age and sex. Drug exposure will be treated as a time-varying covariate to account for potential immortal time bias. Various sensitivity and secondary analyses will be performed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The project has been reviewed and approved by the University of York Ethical Review Process. Results will be presented at an international conference and published in open access peer-reviewed journals according to the STROBE and RECORD guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Martin
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Watt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Tim Doran
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Martin Bland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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22
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Morales CR, Li DL, Pedrozo Z, May HI, Jiang N, Kyrychenko V, Cho GW, Kim SY, Wang ZV, Rotter D, Rothermel BA, Schneider JW, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Inhibition of class I histone deacetylases blunts cardiac hypertrophy through TSC2-dependent mTOR repression. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra34. [PMID: 27048565 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Altering chromatin structure through histone posttranslational modifications has emerged as a key driver of transcriptional responses in cells. Modulation of these transcriptional responses by pharmacological inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), a group of chromatin remodeling enzymes, has been successful in blocking the growth of some cancer cell types. These inhibitors also attenuate the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac remodeling by blunting and even reversing pathological hypertrophy. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical sensor and regulator of cell growth that, as part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), drives changes in protein synthesis and metabolism in both pathological and physiological hypertrophy. We demonstrated through pharmacological and genetic methods that inhibition of class I HDACs suppressed pathological cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of mTOR activity. Mice genetically silenced for HDAC1 and HDAC2 had a reduced hypertrophic response to thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) and showed reduced mTOR activity. We determined that the abundance of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), an mTOR inhibitor, was increased through a transcriptional mechanism in cardiomyocytes when class I HDACs were inhibited. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, loss of TSC2 abolished HDAC-dependent inhibition of mTOR activity, and increased expression of TSC2 was sufficient to reduce hypertrophy in response to phenylephrine. These findings point to mTOR and TSC2-dependent control of mTOR as critical components of the mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors blunt pathological cardiac growth. These results also suggest a strategy to modulate mTOR activity and facilitate the translational exploitation of HDAC inhibitors in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi R Morales
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Dan L Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Herman I May
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Viktoriia Kyrychenko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - David Rotter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Jay W Schneider
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
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23
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Martin F, Ufodiama C, Watt I, Bland M, Brackenbury WJ. Therapeutic Value of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitors in Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:273. [PMID: 26834632 PMCID: PMC4714608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although survival rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancers are improving, deaths from these tumors frequently occur due to metastasis. Voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSCs) are membrane proteins, which regulate membrane current and cellular migration during nervous system organogenesis. VGSCs are also expressed in fibroblasts, immune cells, glia, and metastatic cancer cells. VGSCs regulate migration and invasion of breast, bowel, and prostate cancer cells, suggesting that they may be novel anti-metastatic targets. We conducted a systematic review of clinical and preclinical studies testing the effects of VGSC-inhibiting drugs in cancer. Two-hundred and four publications were identified, of which two human, two mouse, and 20 in vitro publications were included. In the clinical studies, the effect of these drugs on survival and metastatic relapse is not clear. The 22 preclinical studies collectively suggest that several VGSC-inhibiting drugs inhibit cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. None of the human and only six of the preclinical studies directly investigated the effect of the drugs on VGSC activity. Studies were difficult to compare due to lack of standardized methodology and outcome measures. We conclude that the benefits of VGSC inhibitors require further investigation. Standardization of future studies and outcome measures should enable meaningful study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Martin
- Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK; Hull York Medical School, University of YorkYork, UK
| | | | - Ian Watt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York York, UK
| | - Martin Bland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York York, UK
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Tip60 regulates MT1-MMP transcription and invasion of glioblastoma cells through NF-κB pathway. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:45-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Abstract
mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) functions as the central regulator for cell proliferation, growth and survival. Up-regulation of proteins regulating mTOR, as well as its downstream targets, has been reported in various cancers. This has promoted the development of anti-cancer therapies targeting mTOR, namely fungal macrolide rapamycin, a naturally occurring mTOR inhibitor, and its analogues (rapalogues). One such rapalogue, everolimus, has been approved in the clinical treatment of renal and breast cancers. Although results have demonstrated that these mTOR inhibitors are effective in attenuating cell growth of cancer cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions, subsequent sporadic response to rapalogues therapy in clinical trials has promoted researchers to look further into the complex understanding of the dynamics of mTOR regulation in the tumour environment. Limitations of these rapalogues include the sensitivity of tumour subsets to mTOR inhibition. Additionally, it is well known that rapamycin and its rapalogues mediate their effects by inhibiting mTORC (mTOR complex) 1, with limited or no effect on mTORC2 activity. The present review summarizes the pre-clinical, clinical and recent discoveries, with emphasis on the cellular and molecular effects of everolimus in cancer therapy.
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Lan X, Lu G, Yuan C, Mao S, Jiang W, Chen Y, Jin X, Xia Q. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate carcinoma via the dual suppression of SMAD4. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26206483 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer metastasis. Previous studies have reported that valproic acid (VPA) suppresses prostate carcinoma (PCa) cell metastasis and down-regulates SMAD4 protein levels, which is the key molecule in TGF-β-induced EMT. However, the correlation between VPA and the EMT in PCa remains uncertain. METHODS Markers of the EMT in PCa cells and xenografts were molecularly assessed after VPA treatment. The expression and mono-ubiquitination of SMAD4 were also analyzed. After transfection with plasmids that express SMAD4 or short hairpin RNA for SMAD4 down-regulation, markers of EMT were examined to confirm whether VPA inhibits the EMT of PCa cells through the suppression of SMAD4. RESULTS VPA induced the increase in E-cadherin (p < 0.05), and the decrease in N-cadherin (p < 0.05) and Vimentin (p < 0.05), in PCa cells and xenografts. SMAD4 mRNA and protein levels were repressed by VPA (p < 0.05), whereas the level of mono-ubiquitinated SMAD4 was increased (p < 0.05). SMAD4 knockdown significantly increased E-cadherin expression in PC3 cells, but SMAD4 over-expression abolished the VPA-mediated EMT-inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS VPA inhibits the EMT in PCa cells via the inhibition of SMAD4 expression and the mono-ubiquitination of SMAD4. VPA could serve as a promising agent in PCa treatment, with new strategies based on its diverse effects on posttranscriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Lan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanwei Yuan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shaowei Mao
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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27
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes involved in cell growth is a hallmark of human pathologies, in particular cancer. Histone acetylation balance obtained through opposing actions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases is one epigenetic mechanism controlling gene expression and is, thus, associated with disease etiology and progression. Interfering pharmacologically with HDAC activity can correct abnormalities in cell proliferation, migration, vascularization, and death. RECENT ADVANCES Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new class of cytostatic agents that interfere with the function of HDACs and are able to increase gene expression by indirectly inducing histone acetylation. Several HDACi, alone or in combination with DNA-demethylating agents, chemopreventive, or classical chemotherapeutic drugs, are currently being used in clinical trials for solid and hematological malignancies, and are, thus, promising candidates for cancer therapy. CRITICAL ISSUES (i) Non-specific (off-target) HDACi effects due to activities unassociated with HDAC inhibition. (ii) Advantages/disadvantages of non-selective or isoform-directed HDACi. (iii) Limited number of response-predictive biomarkers. (iv) Toxicity leading to dysfunction of critical biological processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Selective HDACi could achieve enhanced clinical utility by reducing or eliminating the serious side effects associated with current first-generation non-selective HDACi. Isoform-selective and pan-HDACi candidates might benefit from the identification of biomarkers, enabling better patient stratification and prediction of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Benedetti
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy .,2 Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Napoli, Italy
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Axelrod MJ, Mendez RE, Khalil A, Leimgruber SS, Sharlow ER, Capaldo B, Conaway M, Gioeli DG, Weber MJ, Jameson MJ. Synergistic apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by co-inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling and compensatory signaling pathways. Head Neck 2015; 37:1722-32. [PMID: 24986420 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), resistance to single-agent targeted therapy may be overcome by co-targeting of compensatory signaling pathways. METHODS A targeted drug screen with 120 combinations was used on 9 HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Multiple novel drug combinations demonstrated synergistic growth inhibition. Combining the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, BMS754807, with either the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-family inhibitor, BMS599626, or the Src-family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, resulted in substantial synergy and growth inhibition. Depending on the cell line, these combinations induced synergistic or additive apoptosis; when synergistic apoptosis was observed, AKT phosphorylation was inhibited to a greater extent than either drug alone. Conversely, when additive apoptosis occurred, AKT phosphorylation was not reduced by the drug combination. CONCLUSION Combined IGF-1R/HER family and IGF-1R/Src family inhibition may have therapeutic potential in HNSCC. AKT may be a node of convergence between IGF-1R signaling and pathways that compensate for IGF-1R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Axelrod
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Rolando E Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Stephanie S Leimgruber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brian Capaldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark Conaway
- Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel G Gioeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael J Weber
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark J Jameson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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29
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Tsaur I, Hudak L, Makarević J, Juengel E, Mani J, Borgmann H, Gust KM, Schilling D, Bartsch G, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Intensified antineoplastic effect by combining an HDAC-inhibitor, an mTOR-inhibitor and low dosed interferon alpha in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1795-804. [PMID: 25808196 PMCID: PMC4549030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) eventually develop metastatic disease, which progresses to castration resistance, despite initial response to androgen deprivation. As anticancer therapy has become increasingly effective, acquired drug resistance has emerged, limiting efficacy. Combination treatment, utilizing different drug classes, exemplifies a possible strategy to foil resistance development. The effects of the triple application of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus and low dosed interferon alpha (IFNα) on PCa cell growth and dissemination capacity were investigated. For that purpose, the human PCa cell lines, PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP were treated with the combined regimen or separate single agents. Cell growth was investigated by the MTT dye reduction assay. Flow cytometry served to analyse cell cycle progression. Adhesion to vascular endothelium or immobilized collagen, fibronectin and laminin was quantified. Migration and invasion characteristics were determined by the modified Boyden chamber assay. Integrin α and β subtypes were investigated by flow cytometry, western blotting and RT-PCR. Integrin related signalling, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFr), Akt, p70S6kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 activation were also assessed. The triple application of VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα blocked tumour cell growth and dissemination significantly better than any agent alone. Antitumour effects were associated with pronounced alteration in the cell cycle machinery, intracellular signalling and integrin expression profile. Combining VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα might be a promising option to counteract resistance development and improve outcome in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukasz Hudak
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kilian M Gust
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Schilling
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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30
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Huang HL, Peng CY, Lai MJ, Chen CH, Lee HY, Wang JC, Liou JP, Pan SL, Teng CM. Novel oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, MPT0E028, displays potent growth-inhibitory activity against human B-cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4976-91. [PMID: 25669976 PMCID: PMC4467128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has been a promising therapeutic option in cancer therapy due to its ability to induce growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that MPT0E028, a novel HDAC inhibitor, reduces the viability of B-cell lymphomas by inducing apoptosis and shows a more potent HDAC inhibitory effect compared to SAHA, the first HDAC inhibitor approved by the FDA. In addition to HDACs inhibition, MPT0E028 also possesses potent direct Akt targeting ability as measured by the kinome diversity screening assay. Also, MPT0E028 reduces Akt phosphorylation in B-cell lymphoma with an IC50 value lower than SAHA. Transient transfection assay revealed that both targeting HDACs and Akt contribute to the apoptosis induced by MPT0E028, with both mechanisms functioning independently. Microarray analysis also shows that MPT0E028 may regulate many oncogenes expression (e.g., TP53, MYC, STAT family). Furthermore, in vivo animal model experiments demonstrated that MPT0E028 (50-200 mg/kg, po, qd) prolongs the survival rate of mice bearing human B-cell lymphoma Ramos cells and inhibits tumor growth in BJAB xenograft model. In summary, MPT0E028 possesses strong in vitro and in vivo activity against malignant cells, representing a potential therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Li Huang
- 1 Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Peng
- 2 Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3 School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- 4 Center for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- 1 Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- 5 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Wang
- 6 The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- 5 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- 6 The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- 1 Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Makarević J, Rutz J, Juengel E, Kaulfuss S, Tsaur I, Nelson K, Pfitzenmaier J, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin influences bladder cancer cell adhesion and invasion in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110244. [PMID: 25333694 PMCID: PMC4198254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanogenic diglucoside amygdalin, derived from Rosaceae kernels, is employed by many patients as an alternative anti-cancer treatment. However, whether amygdalin indeed acts as an anti-tumor agent is not clear. Metastasis blocking properties of amygdalin on bladder cancer cell lines was, therefore, investigated. Amygdalin (10 mg/ml) was applied to UMUC-3, TCCSUP or RT112 bladder cancer cells for 24 h or for 2 weeks. Tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized collagen as well as tumor cell migration was examined. Effects of drug treatment on integrin α and β subtypes, on integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and total and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were also determined. Integrin knock-down was carried out to evaluate integrin influence on migration and adhesion. A 24 h or 2 week amygdalin application distinctly reduced tumor cell adhesion and migration of UMUC-3 and RT112 cells. TCCSUP adhesion was also reduced, but migration was elevated under amygdalin. Integrin subtype expression was significantly and specifically altered by amygdalin depending on the cell line. ILK was moderately, and activated FAK strongly, lost in all tumor cell lines in the presence of amygdalin. Knock down of β1 integrin caused a significant decrease in both adhesion and migration of UMUC-3 cells, but a significant increase in TCCSUP adhesion. Knock down of β4 integrin caused a significant decrease in migration of RT112 cells. Since the different actions of amygdalin on the different cell lines was mirrored by β1 or β4 knock down, it is postulated that amygdalin influences adhesion and migratory properties of bladder cancer cells by modulating β1 or β4 integrin expression. The amygdalin induced increase in TCCSUP migratory behavior indicates that any anti-tumor benefits from amygdalin (seen with the other two cell lines) may depend upon the cancer cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jesco Pfitzenmaier
- Department of Urology, Evangelical Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zhang X, Ding Z, Mo J, Sang B, Shi Q, Hu J, Xie S, Zhan W, Lu D, Yang M, Bian W, Zhou X, Yu R. GOLPH3 promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion via the mTOR-YB1 pathway in vitro. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1252-63. [PMID: 25156912 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhijun Ding
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jianbing Mo
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ben Sang
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shao Xie
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenjian Zhan
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Lu
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Minglin Yang
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenbin Bian
- The Graduate School; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Brain Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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Makarević J, Tawanaie N, Juengel E, Reiter M, Mani J, Tsaur I, Bartsch G, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Cross-communication between histone H3 and H4 acetylation and Akt-mTOR signalling in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1460-6. [PMID: 24779401 PMCID: PMC4124028 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tumour targeting has significantly improved anti-cancer protocols. Still, the addition of molecular targeting to the treatment regime has not led to a curative breakthrough. Combined mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been shown not only to enhance anti-tumour potential, but also to prevent resistance development seen under mono-drug therapy. This investigation was designed to evaluate whether cross-communication exists between mTOR signalling and epigenetic events regulated by HDAC. DU-145 prostate cancer cells were treated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to activate the Akt-mTOR cascade or with the HDAC-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) to induce histone H3 and H4 acetylation (aH3, aH4). Subsequently, mTOR, Rictor, Raptor, p70s6k, Akt (all: total and phosphorylated), H3 and H4 (total and acetylated) were analysed by western blotting. Both techniques revealed a link between mTOR and the epigenetic machinery. IGF activated mTOR, Rictor, Raptor, p70s6k and Akt, but also enhanced aH3 and aH4. Inversely, IGFr blockade and knock-down blocked the Akt-mTOR axis, but simultaneously diminished aH3 and aH4. VPA treatment up-regulated histone acetylation, but also activated mTOR-Akt signalling. HDAC1 and 2 knock-down revealed that the interaction with the mTOR system is initiated by histone H3 acetylation. HDAC-mTOR communication, therefore, is apparent whereby tumour-promoting (Akt/mTORhigh, aH3/aH4low) and tumour-suppressing signals (Akt/mTORlow, aH3/aH4high) are activated in parallel. Combined use of an HDAC- and mTOR inhibitor might then diminish pro-tumour effects triggered by the HDAC- (Akt/mTORhigh) or mTOR inhibitor (aH3/aH4low) alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Han T, Kang D, Ji D, Wang X, Zhan W, Fu M, Xin HB, Wang JB. How does cancer cell metabolism affect tumor migration and invasion? Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:395-403. [PMID: 24131935 DOI: 10.4161/cam.26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-associated death. Accordingly, identification of the regulatory mechanisms that control whether or not tumor cells become "directed walkers" is a crucial issue of cancer research. The deregulation of cell migration during cancer progression determines the capacity of tumor cells to escape from the primary tumors and invade adjacent tissues to finally form metastases. The ability to switch from a predominantly oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and the production of lactate even when oxygen is plentiful is a key characteristic of cancer cells. This metabolic switch, known as the Warburg effect, was first described in 1920s, and affected not only tumor cell growth but also tumor cell migration. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies on how cancer cell metabolism affects tumor cell migration and invasion. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell migration is critical for development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - De Kang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Daokun Ji
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhan
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Minggui Fu
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- The Institute of Translational Medicine; Nanchang University; Jiangxi, PR China
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Juengel E, Meyer dos Santos S, Schneider T, Makarevic J, Hudak L, Bartsch G, Haferkamp A, Wiesner C, Blaheta RA. HDAC inhibition suppresses bladder cancer cell adhesion to collagen under flow conditions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1297-304. [PMID: 24006305 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213498975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on bladder cancer cell adhesion in vitro was investigated in this paper. TCCSUP and RT-112 bladder cancer cells were treated with VPA (0.5 or 1 mM) twice or thrice weekly for 14 days. Controls remained untreated. Tumour cell interaction with immobilized collagen was evaluated by a flow-based adhesion assay using a shear force of 2 or 4 dyne/cm(2). The effects of VPA on the integrin adhesion receptors α3, α5, β1, β3 and β4 were assessed by flow cytometry to determine integrin surface expression and by western blotting to determine the cytoplasmic integrin level. VPA of 0.5 mM and 1 mM significantly prevented binding of both RT-112 and TCCSUP cells to collagen, compared with the untreated controls. Adhesion was reduced to a higher extent when RT-112 (subjected to 2 dyne/cm(2)) or TCCSUP (subjected to 2 or 4 dyne/cm(2)) tumour cells were treated with VPA three times a week, compared to the two times a week protocol. VPA caused a significant up-regulation of the integrin α3, α5, β1, β3 and β4 subtypes on the TCCSUP cell surface membrane. In RT-112 cells, only integrin α5 was elevated on the cell surface following VPA exposure. Western blotting revealed an up-regulation of α3, α5, β3 and β4 integrins and down-regulation of the integrin β1 protein by VPA in TCCSUP. VPA also up-regulated α5 and down-regulated β1 integrin in RT-112 cells, but also reduced α3 and β3 in TCCSUP. VPA exerted adhesion-blocking properties on bladder cancer cells under physiologic flow conditions. The effects were accompanied by distinct modifications of the integrin expression profile, which differ depending on the cell lines used. Application of VPA might be an innovative option to prevent bladder cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Valproic acid reduces the tolerability of temsirolimus in children and adolescents with solid tumors. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:415-21. [PMID: 23328074 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835dc7c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A pediatric study has established a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for temsirolimus (Tem) of more than 150 mg/m intravenously/week. A phase I trial was conducted to establish the MTD for Tem in combination with valproic acid (VPA) in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors. The secondary aims included expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) markers on archival tumor tissue; Tem pharmacokinetics; assessment of histone acetylation (HA); and tumor response. Patients were treated with VPA (5 mg/kg orally three times daily) with a target serum level of 75-100 mcg/ml. Tem was started at an initial dose of 60 mg/m/week. Pharmacokinetics and HA measurements were performed during weeks 1 and 5. Two of the first three patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 mucositis). Tem at 35 mg/m/week was found to be tolerable. Peak Tem concentrations were higher in all patients compared with those in previously published reports of single agent Tem. Increases in HA are correlated with VPA levels. All tumor samples expressed mTORC1 and mTORC2. An objective response was observed in one patient (melanoma), whereas transient stable disease was observed in four other patients (spinal cord ependymoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma). The MTD of Tem when administered with VPA is considerably lower than when used as a single agent, with mucositis the major dose-limiting toxicity. The combination merits further study and may have activity in melanoma. Attention to drug-drug interactions will be important in future multiagent trials including Tem.
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Evidence from clinical trials for the use of valproic acid in solid tumors: focus on prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Witt D, Burfeind P, von Hardenberg S, Opitz L, Salinas-Riester G, Bremmer F, Schweyer S, Thelen P, Neesen J, Kaulfuss S. Valproic acid inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by re-expressing cyclin D2. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1115-24. [PMID: 23349020 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, primary murine prostate cancer (PCa) cells were derived using the well-established TRAMP model. These PCa cells were treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), and we demonstrated that VPA treatment has an antimigrative, antiinvasive and antiproliferative effect on PCa cells. Using microarray analyses, we discovered several candidate genes that could contribute to the cellular effects we observed. In this study, we could demonstrate that VPA treatment of PCa cells causes the re-expression of cyclin D2, a known regulator that is frequently lost in PCa as we could show using immunohistochemical analyses on PCa specimens. We demonstrate that VPA specifically induces the re-expression of cyclin D2, one of the highly conserved D-type cyclin family members, in several cancer cell lines with weak or no cyclin D2 expression. Interestingly, VPA treatment had no effect in fibroblasts, which typically have high basal levels of cyclin D2 expression. The re-expression of cyclin D2 observed in PCa cells is activated by increased histone acetylation in the promoter region of the Ccnd2 gene and represents one underlying molecular mechanism of VPA treatment that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. Altogether, our results confirm that VPA is an anticancer therapeutic drug for the treatment of tumors with epigenetically repressed cyclin D2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Hudak L, Tezeeh P, Wedel S, Makarević J, Juengel E, Tsaur I, Bartsch G, Wiesner C, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Low dosed interferon alpha augments the anti-tumor potential of histone deacetylase inhibition on prostate cancer cell growth and invasion. Prostate 2012; 72:1719-35. [PMID: 22473339 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether low-dosed interferon alpha (IFNa) may augment the anti-tumor potential of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PC-3, DU-145, or LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with VPA (1 mM), IFNa (200 U/ml), or with the VPA-IFNa combination. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle regulating proteins were then investigated by the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Tumor cell adhesion to endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins, as well as migratory properties of the cells, were evaluated. Integrin α and β adhesion molecules and alterations of cell signaling pathways were analyzed. Finally, effects of the drug treatment on prostate cancer growth in vivo were determined in the NOD/SCID mouse model. VPA reduced tumor cell adhesion, migration, and growth in vitro. A much stronger anti-cancer potential was evoked by the VPA-IFNa combination, although IFNa in itself did not block growth or adhesion. The same effect was seen when tumor growth was evaluated in vivo. Molecular analysis revealed distinct elevation of histone H3 acetylation caused by VPA which was further up-regulated by VPA-IFNa, whereas IFNa alone did not alter H3 acetylation. The combinatorial benefit became obvious in Akt phosphorylation, p21 and p27 and integrin α1, α3, and β1 expression. Application of low-dosed IFNa to a VPA based regimen profoundly boosts the anti-tumor properties of VPA. The combined use of VPA and low-dosed IFNa may therefore be an innovative option in treating advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Hudak
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor attenuates epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma growth by dampening mTOR signaling pathway in a human xenograft murine model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:233-44. [PMID: 23147569 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are potent anticancer agents and show efficacy against various human neoplasms. Vorinostat is a potent HDAC inhibitor and has shown potential to inhibit growth of human xenograft tumors. However, its effect on the growth of skin neoplasm remains undefined. In this study, we show that vorinostat (2 μM) reduced expression of HDAC1, 2, 3, and 7 in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Consistently, it increased acetylation of histone H3 and p53. Vorinostat (100mg/kg body weight, IP) treatment reduced human xenograft tumor growth in highly immunosuppressed nu/nu mice. Histologically, the vorinostat-treated tumor showed features of well-differentiation with large necrotic areas. Based on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and expression of cyclins D1, D2, E, and A, vorinostat seems to impair proliferation by down-regulating the expression of these proteins. However, it also induced apoptosis. The mechanism by which vorinostat blocks proliferation and makes tumor cells prone to apoptosis, involved inhibition of mTOR signaling which was accompanied by reduction in cell survival AKT and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Our data provide a novel mechanism-based therapeutic intervention for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Vorinostat may be utilized to cure skin neoplasms in organ transplant recipient (OTR). These patients have high morbidity and surgical removal of these lesions which frequently develop in these patients, is difficult.
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RGD-Binding Integrins in Prostate Cancer: Expression Patterns and Therapeutic Prospects against Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:1106-45. [PMID: 24213501 PMCID: PMC3712721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of male cancer deaths in the developed world. The current lack of highly specific detection methods and efficient therapeutic agents for advanced disease have been identified as problems requiring further research. The integrins play a vital role in the cross-talk between the cell and extracellular matrix, enhancing the growth, migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Progression and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with changes in integrin expression, notably abnormal expression and activation of the β3 integrins in tumour cells, which promotes haematogenous spread and tumour growth in bone. As such, influencing integrin cell expression and function using targeted therapeutics represents a potential treatment for bone metastasis, the most common and debilitating complication of advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the multiple ways in which RGD-binding integrins contribute to prostate cancer progression and metastasis, and identify the rationale for development of multi-integrin antagonists targeting the RGD-binding subfamily as molecularly targeted agents for its treatment.
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Vallo S, Mani J, Stastny M, Makarević J, Juengel E, Tsaur I, Bartsch G, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. The prostate cancer blocking potential of the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 is not enhanced by the multi receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor TKI258. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:265-72. [PMID: 22801803 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer are limited. It has been suggested that targeting intracellular molecules, which have been altered during neoplastic development, may slow tumor growth. Therefore, the growth-blocking potential of the histone deacetylase-inhibitor LBH589 and the multiple tyrosine kinase-inhibitor TKI258, applied alone or in combination, was investigated in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines. PC-3, DU-145 or LNCaP cells were treated with various concentrations of LBH589 and/or TKI258. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle regulating proteins, HDAC3- and HDAC4-expression and histone H3 and H4 acetylation were then evaluated by MTT assay and Western blotting. LBH589 dose-dependently blocked prostate cancer cell growth. In contrast, TKI258 did not down-regulate tumor cell growth up to a 1,000 nM dosage. LBH589 elevated histone H3 and H4 acetylation. The cell cycle regulators cyclin B, cyclin D1, cdk1 and cdk4 were down-regulated in PC-3, whereas the suppressor proteins p21 and p27 were up-regulated in LNCaP by LBH589. TKI258 up-regulated p27 in PC-3 or p21 in LNCaP and additionally elevated cyclin B, cyclin D1, cdk1 and cdk4 in both cell lines. Presumably, the increase in cyclin and cdk caused by TKI258 counteracts the benefit of p21 or p27 up-regulation, resulting in TKI258 non-responsiveness. The LBH589/TKI258-combination was not superior to the LBH589 single-drug use in terms of growth reduction. Obviously, TKI258 did not enhance the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells towards an HDAC based regimen. Therefore, the LBH589/TKI258-combination probably does not provide an optimum strategy in fighting advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vallo
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Interdisciplinary Science Building, Building 25, Room 204, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Al-Khazraji BK, Medeiros PJ, Novielli NM, Jackson DN. An automated cell-counting algorithm for fluorescently-stained cells in migration assays. Biol Proced Online 2011; 13:9. [PMID: 22011343 PMCID: PMC3214125 DOI: 10.1186/1480-9222-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell-counting algorithm, developed in Matlab®, was created to efficiently count migrated fluorescently-stained cells on membranes from migration assays. At each concentration of cells used (10,000, and 100,000 cells), images were acquired at 2.5 ×, 5 ×, and 10 × objective magnifications. Automated cell counts strongly correlated to manual counts (r2 = 0.99, P < 0.0001 for a total of 47 images), with no difference in the measurements between methods under all conditions. We conclude that our automated method is accurate, more efficient, and void of variability and potential observer bias normally associated with manual counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraa K Al-Khazraji
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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