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de Azevedo ALK, Gomig THB, Ribeiro EMDSF. Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1: how does this co-chaperone influence the metastasis steps? Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10282-6. [PMID: 38581620 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In several cancer types, metastasis is associated with poor prognosis, survival, and quality of life, representing a life risk more significant than the primary tumor itself. Metastasis is a multi-step process that spreads tumor cells from primary sites to surrounding or distant organs, originating secondary tumors. The interconnected steps that drive metastasis depend of several capabilities that enable cells to detach from the primary tumor, acquire motility and migrate through the basal membrane; invade and spread through the vascular system, and finally settle and originate a new tumor. Recently, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) has emerged as a protein capable of driving tumor cells through these metastasis steps by mediating several biological processes and signaling pathways. This protein is mainly known for its function as a co-chaperone, acting as a scaffold for the interaction of its client heat-shock proteins Hsp70/90 chaperones; however, it is also known that STIP1 can act independently of chaperones to activate downstream phosphorylation pathways. The over-expression of STIP1 has been reported across various cancer types, identifying it as a potential biomarker for predicting patient prognosis and monitoring the progression of metastasis. Here, we present a discussion on how this co-chaperone mediates the initial steps of metastasis (cell adhesion loss, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis), highlighting the biological mechanisms in which STIP1 plays a vital role, also presenting an overview of the current knowledge regarding its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Genetics Post-Graduation Program, Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. box 19071, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Talita Helen Bombardelli Gomig
- Genetics Post-Graduation Program, Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. box 19071, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-990, Brazil
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2
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Bragg MA, Breaux WA, M’Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational and Transformational Risks Posed by Exogenous Free Hemoglobin Alpha Chain, A By-Product of Extravasated Erythrocyte Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1254. [PMID: 37476546 PMCID: PMC10358352 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's colitis (CC). Patients with IBD are at increased risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) compared to the general population. CACRC is preceded by IBD, characterized by highly heterogenous, pharmacologically incurable, pertinacious, worsening, and immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies of the colon and rectum. The molecular and immunological basis of CACRC is highly correlated with the duration and severity of inflammation, which is influenced by the exogenous free hemoglobin alpha chain (HbαC), a byproduct of infiltrating immune cells; extravasated erythrocytes; and macrophage erythrophagocytosis. The exogenous free HbαC prompts oxygen free radical-arbitrated DNA damage (DNAD) through increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is exacerbated by decreased tissue antioxidant defenses. Mitigation of the Fenton Reaction via pharmaceutical therapy would attenuate ROS, promote apoptosis and DNAD repair, and subsequently prevent the incidence of CACRC. Three pharmaceutical options that attenuate hemoglobin toxicity include haptoglobin, deferoxamine, and flavonoids (vitamins C/E). Haptoglobin's clearance rate from plasma is inversely correlated with its size; the smaller the size, the faster the clearance. Thus, the administration of Hp1-1 may prove to be beneficial. Further, deferoxamine's hydrophilic structure limits its ability to cross cell membranes. Finally, the effectiveness of flavonoids, natural herb antioxidants, is associated with the high reactivity of hydroxyl substituents. Multiple analyses are currently underway to assess the clinical context of CACRC and outline the molecular basis of HbαC-induced ROS pathogenesis by exposing colonocytes and/or colonoids to HbαC. The molecular immunopathogenesis pathways of CACRC herein reviewed are broadly still not well understood. Therefore, this timely review outlines the molecular and immunological basis of disease pathogenesis and pharmaceutical intervention as a protective measure for CACRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amosy E. M’Koma
- School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (M.A.B.); (W.A.B.)
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3
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Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Lazzeri G, Ferese R, Biagioni F, Salvetti A, Pompili E, De Franchis V, Puglisi-Allegra S, Frati A, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Autophagy Activation Associates with Suppression of Prion Protein and Improved Mitochondrial Status in Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020221. [PMID: 36672156 PMCID: PMC9857229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) feature up-regulation of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), which brings deleterious effects on malignancy and disease course. At the cellular level, up-regulation of mTOR affects a number of downstream pathways and suppresses autophagy, which is relevant for the neurobiology of GBM. In fact, autophagy acts on several targets, such as protein clearance and mitochondrial status, which are key in promoting the malignancy GBM. A defective protein clearance extends to cellular prion protein (PrPc). Recent evidence indicates that PrPc promotes stemness and alters mitochondrial turnover. Therefore, the present study measures whether in GBM cells abnormal amount of PrPc and mitochondrial alterations are concomitant in baseline conditions and whether they are reverted by mTOR inhibition. Proteins related to mitochondrial turnover were concomitantly assessed. High amounts of PrPc and altered mitochondria were both mitigated dose-dependently by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which produced a persistent activation of the autophagy flux and shifted proliferating cells from S to G1 cell cycle phase. Similarly, mTOR suppression produces a long-lasting increase of proteins promoting mitochondrial turnover, including Pink1/Parkin. These findings provide novel evidence about the role of autophagy in the neurobiology of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosangela Ferese
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Pompili
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio De Franchis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-050-2218667
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4
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Grimaldi I, Leser FS, Janeiro JM, da Rosa BG, Campanelli AC, Romão L, Lima FRS. The multiple functions of PrP C in physiological, cancer, and neurodegenerative contexts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1405-1425. [PMID: 36056255 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycoprotein, present both anchored in the cell membrane and soluble in the extracellular medium. It has a diversity of ligands and is variably expressed in numerous tissues and cell subtypes, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS). Its importance has been brought to light over the years both under physiological conditions, such as embryogenesis and immune system homeostasis, and in pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, PrPC plays an important role in CNS, participating in axonal growth and guidance and differentiation of glial cells, but also in other organs such as the heart, lung, and digestive system. In diseases, PrPC has been related to several types of tumors, modulating cancer stem cells, enhancing malignant properties, and inducing drug resistance. Also, in non-neoplastic diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, PrPC seems to alter the dynamics of neurotoxic aggregate formation and, consequently, the progression of the disease. In this review, we explore in detail the multiple functions of this protein, which proved to be relevant for understanding the dynamics of organism homeostasis, as well as a promising target in the treatment of both neoplastic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Grimaldi
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Marcos Janeiro
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Gomes da Rosa
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Campanelli
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Romão
- Cell Morphogenesis Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Kim MJ, Cho YA, Kim E, Choe JY, Park JW, Lee J, Lee JW, Moon SH, Kim YS, Kim SE, Choi EK. Cellular Prion Protein Is Closely Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071635. [PMID: 35885540 PMCID: PMC9316639 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is known to play a role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of PrPC expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. This study investigated whether overexpression of PrPC affects recurrence after surgical resection and survival in HCC. A total of 110 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were included. They were followed up for a median of 42 months (range 1–213 months) after hepatectomy. The relationships between PrPC expression and the HCC histologic features, recurrence of HCC following surgical resection, and survival of the patients were examined. Seventy-one cases (64.5%) of HCC demonstrated higher expression of PrPC. The expression of PrPC was only correlated with diabetes mellitus. There was no association between PrPC expression and age, sex, hypertension, hepatitis B virus positivity, alcohol consumption, Child–Pugh class, major portal vein invasion, serum alpha-fetoprotein, and HCC size or number. The 1-year recurrence rates in patients with higher PrPC expression were higher than those with lower PrPC expression. The cumulative survival rates of patients with higher PrPC expression were significantly shorter than those of patients with lower PrPC expression. In conclusion, PrPC expression is closely associated with early recurrence and poor survival of HCC patients following surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chunchoen 24252, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea; (E.K.); (J.-W.P.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Ji-Young Choe
- Anatomic Pathology Reference Lab, Seegene Medical Foundation, Suwon 16580, Korea;
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea; (E.K.); (J.-W.P.); (S.-H.M.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Junyong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 02053, Korea;
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea; (E.K.); (J.-W.P.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea; (E.K.); (J.-W.P.); (S.-H.M.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (E.-K.C.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chunchoen 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-E.K.); (E.-K.C.)
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6
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Choi M, Moon S, Eom HJ, Lim SM, Kim YH, Nam S. High Expression of PRNP Predicts Poor Prognosis in Korean Patients with Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133173. [PMID: 35804944 PMCID: PMC9264980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has the highest occurrence and fourth-highest mortality rate of all cancers in Korea. Although survival rates are improving with the development of diagnosis and treatment methods, the five-year survival rate for stage 4 GC in Korea remains <10%. Therefore, it is important to identify candidate prognostic factors for predicting poor prognosis. PRNP is a gene encoding the prion protein PrP, which has been noted for its role in the nervous system and is known to be upregulated in various cancers and associated with both cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the value of PRNP as a prognostic factor for Korean GC patients remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the relationship between PRNP expression and survival in three independent datasets for Korean patients with GC as well as the TCGA-STAD dataset. Survival analysis indicates that high levels of PRNP expression are associated with poor overall survival of patients with GC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that PRNP is associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and Hedgehog signaling. In addition, proliferation of GC cell lines was inhibited after siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRNP. In conclusion, our study suggests a potential role for PRNP as a candidate prognostic factor for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Choi
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - SeongRyeol Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Eom
- Research and Development Department, Corestem Inc., Seongnam 13486, Korea;
| | - Seung Mook Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13486, Korea;
| | | | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-458-2737; Fax: +82-32-458-2875
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Mohammadi B, Song F, Matamoros-Angles A, Shafiq M, Damme M, Puig B, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Anchorless risk or released benefit? An updated view on the ADAM10-mediated shedding of the prion protein. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:215-234. [PMID: 35084572 PMCID: PMC10113312 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is a broadly expressed glycoprotein linked with a multitude of (suggested) biological and pathological implications. Some of these roles seem to be due to constitutively generated proteolytic fragments of the protein. Among them is a soluble PrP form, which is released from the surface of neurons and other cell types by action of the metalloprotease ADAM10 in a process termed 'shedding'. The latter aspect is the focus of this review, which aims to provide a comprehensive overview on (i) the relevance of proteolytic processing in regulating cellular PrP functions, (ii) currently described involvement of shed PrP in neurodegenerative diseases (including prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease), (iii) shed PrP's expected roles in intercellular communication in many more (patho)physiological conditions (such as stroke, cancer or immune responses), (iv) and the need for improved research tools in respective (future) studies. Deeper mechanistic insight into roles played by PrP shedding and its resulting fragment may pave the way for improved diagnostics and future therapeutic approaches in diseases of the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Working Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology (INI Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Bianchini M, Giambelluca MA, Scavuzzo MC, Di Franco G, Guadagni S, Palmeri M, Furbetta N, Gianardi D, Funel N, Ricci C, Gaeta R, Pollina LE, Falcone A, Vivaldi C, Di Candio G, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Morelli L, Fornai F. Detailing the ultrastructure's increase of prion protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7324-7339. [PMID: 34876792 PMCID: PMC8611201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i42.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidences have shown a relationship between prion protein (PrPc) expression and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Indeed, PrPc could be one of the markers explaining the aggressiveness of this tumor. However, studies investigating the specific compartmentalization of increased PrPc expression within PDAC cells are lacking, as well as a correlation between ultrastructural evidence, ultrastructural morphometry of PrPc protein and clinical data. These data, as well as the quantitative stoichiometry of this protein detected by immuno-gold, provide a significant advancement in understanding the biology of disease and the outcome of surgical resection. AIM To analyze quantitative stoichiometry and compartmentalization of PrPc in PDAC cells and to correlate its presence with prognostic data. METHODS Between June 2018 and December 2020, samples from pancreatic tissues of 45 patients treated with pancreatic resection for a preoperative suspicion of PDAC at our Institution were collected. When the frozen section excluded a PDAC diagnosis, or the nodules were too small for adequate sampling, patients were ruled out from the present study. Western blotting was used to detect, quantify and compare the expression of PrPc in PDAC and control tissues, such as those of non-affected neighboring pancreatic tissue of the same patient. To quantify the increase of PrPc and to detect the subcellular compartmentalization of PrPc within PDAC cells, immuno-gold stoichiometry within specific cell compartments was analyzed with electron microscopy. Finally, an analysis of quantitative PrPc expression according to prognostic data, such as cancer stage, recurrence of the disease at 12 mo after surgery and recurrence during adjuvant chemotherapy was made. RESULTS The amount of PrPc within specimen from 38 out of 45 patients was determined by semi-quantitative analysis by using Western blotting, which indicates that PrPc increases almost three-fold in tumor pancreatic tissue compared with healthy pancreatic regions [242.41 ± 28.36 optical density (OD) vs 95 ± 17.40 OD, P < 0.0001]. Quantitative morphometry carried out by using immuno-gold detection at transmission electron microscopy confirms an increased PrPc expression in PDAC ductal cells of all patients and allows to detect a specific compartmentalization of PrPc within tumor cells. In particular, the number of immuno-gold particles of PrPc was significantly higher in PDAC cells respect to controls, when considering the whole cell (19.8 ± 0.79 particles vs 9.44 ± 0.45, P < 0.0001). Remarkably, considering PDAC cells, the increase of PrPc was higher in the nucleus than cytosol of tumor cells, which indicates a shift in PrPc compartmentalization within tumor cells. In fact, the increase of immuno-gold within nuclear compartment exceeds at large the augment of PrPc which was detected in the cytosol (nucleus: 12.88 ± 0.59 particles vs 5.12 ± 0.32, P < 0.0001; cytosol: 7.74. ± 0.44 particles vs 4.3 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001). In order to analyze the prognostic impact of PrPc, we found a correlation between PrPc expression and cancer stage according to pathology results, with a significantly higher expression of PrPc for advanced stages. Moreover, 24 patients with a mean follow-up of 16.8 mo were considered. Immuno-blot analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of PrPc in patients with disease recurrence at 12 mo after radical surgery (360.71 ± 69.01 OD vs 170.23 ± 23.06 OD, P = 0.023), also in the subgroup of patients treated with adjuvant CT (368.36 ± 79.26 OD in the recurrence group vs 162.86 ± 24.16 OD, P = 0.028), which indicates a correlation with a higher chemo-resistance. CONCLUSION Expression of PrPc is significantly higher in PDAC cells compared with control, with the protein mainly placed in the nucleus. Preliminary clinical data confirm the correlation with a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bianchini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Anita Giambelluca
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Scavuzzo
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Simone Guadagni
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Matteo Palmeri
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Niccolò Furbetta
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Desirée Gianardi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gaeta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Luca Emanuele Pollina
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | | | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
- EndoCAS (Center for Computer Assisted Surgery), University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
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9
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Mouillet-Richard S, Ghazi A, Laurent-Puig P. The Cellular Prion Protein and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195032. [PMID: 34638517 PMCID: PMC8508458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cellular prion protein PrPC is best known for its involvement, under its pathogenic isoform, in a group of neurodegenerative diseases. Notwithstanding, an emerging role for PrPC in various cancer-associated processes has attracted increasing attention over recent years. PrPC is overexpressed in diverse types of solid cancers and has been incriminated in various aspects of cancer biology, most notably proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as resistance to cytotoxic agents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of PrPC with respect to the hallmarks of cancer, a reference framework encompassing the major characteristics of cancer cells. Abstract Beyond its causal involvement in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, the cellular prion protein PrPC is now taking centre stage as an important contributor to cancer progression in various types of solid tumours. The prion cancer research field has progressively expanded in the last few years and has yielded consistent evidence for an involvement of PrPC in cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, therapeutic resistance and cancer stem cell properties. Most recent data have uncovered new facets of the biology of PrPC in cancer, ranging from its control on enzymes involved in immune tolerance to its radio-protective activity, by way of promoting angiogenesis. In the present review, we aim to summarise the body of literature dedicated to the study of PrPC in relation to cancer from the perspective of the hallmarks of cancer, the reference framework defined by Hanahan and Weinberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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10
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Nascimento A, Valadão de Souza DR, Pessôa R, Pietrobon AJ, Nukui Y, Pereira J, Casseb J, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Loureiro P, da Silva Duarte AJ, Clissa PB, Sanabani SS. Global expression of noncoding RNome reveals dysregulation of small RNAs in patients with HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia: a pilot study. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33422115 PMCID: PMC7797118 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of hematological malignancies and may represent potential therapeutic target molecules. However, little is known about how these molecules impact the pathogenesis of ATLL. In this study, we aimed to identify sRNA expression signatures associated with ATLL and to investigate their potential implication in the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods Small-RNAseq analysis was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HTLV-1- associated ATLL (n = 10) in comparison to asymptomatic carriers (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 5). Sequencing was carried out using the Illumina MiSeq platform, and the deregulation of selected miRNAs was validated by real-time PCR. Pathway analyses of most deregulated miRNA were performed and their global profiling was combined with transcriptome data in ATLL. Results The sequencing identified specific sRNAs signatures associated with ATLL patients that target pathways relevant in ATLL, such as the transforming growth factor-(βTGF-β), Wnt, p53, apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. Network analysis revealed several miRNAs regulating highly connected genes within the ATLL transcriptome. miR-451-3p was the most downregulated miRNA in active patients. Conclusions Our findings shed light on the expression of specific sRNAs in HTLV-1 associated ATLL, which may represent promising candidates as biomarkers that help monitor the disease activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13027-020-00343-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrezza Nascimento
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Raguer Valadão de Souza
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pessôa
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Youko Nukui
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Loureiro
- Pernambuco State Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 52011900, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency, Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 3° andar, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil
| | | | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 03, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403 000, Brazil.
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11
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The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Promoting Stemness and Differentiation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020170. [PMID: 33418999 PMCID: PMC7825291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aside from its well-established role in prion disorders, in the last decades the significance of cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression in human cancers has attracted great attention. An extensive body of work provided evidence that PrPC contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to conventional therapies. In particular, PrPC over-expression has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a variety of solid tumors, encompassing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers, and primary brain tumors as well. According to consensus, increased levels of PrPC endow CSCs with self-renewal, proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities, along with increased resistance to anti-cancer agents. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that PrPc also participates in multi-protein complexes to modulate the oncogenic properties of CSCs, thus sustaining tumorigenesis. Therefore, strategies aimed at targeting PrPC and/or PrPC-organized complexes could be a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is seminal to modulate a variety of baseline cell functions to grant homeostasis. The classic role of such a protein was defined as a chaperone-like molecule being able to rescue cell survival. Nonetheless, PrPC also represents the precursor of the deleterious misfolded variant known as scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). This variant is detrimental in a variety of prion disorders. This multi-faceted role of PrP is greatly increased by recent findings showing how PrPC in its folded conformation may foster tumor progression by acting at multiple levels. The present review focuses on such a cancer-promoting effect. The manuscript analyzes recent findings on the occurrence of PrPC in various cancers and discusses the multiple effects, which sustain cancer progression. Within this frame, the effects of PrPC on stemness and differentiation are discussed. A special emphasis is provided on the spreading of PrPC and the epigenetic effects, which are induced in neighboring cells to activate cancer-related genes. These detrimental effects are further discussed in relation to the aberrancy of its physiological and beneficial role on cell homeostasis. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the role of PrPC beyond its effects in the biology of cancer to represent a potential biomarker in the follow up of patients following surgical resection.
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The Cellular Prion Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239208. [PMID: 33276687 PMCID: PMC7730109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the cellular prion protein (PrPC) have been actively conducted because misfolded PrPC is known to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion disease. PrPC is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface glycoprotein that has been reported to affect several cellular functions such as stress protection, cellular differentiation, mitochondrial homeostasis, circadian rhythm, myelin homeostasis, and immune modulation. Recently, it has also been reported that PrPC mediates tumor progression by enhancing the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, PrPC regulates cancer stem cell properties by interacting with cancer stem cell marker proteins. In this review, we summarize how PrPC promotes tumor progression in terms of proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, we discuss strategies to treat tumors by modulating the function and expression of PrPC via the regulation of HSPA1L/HIF-1α expression and using an anti-prion antibody.
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Prado MB, Melo Escobar MI, Alves RN, Coelho BP, Fernandes CFDL, Boccacino JM, Iglesia RP, Lopes MH. Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6677. [PMID: 32932634 PMCID: PMC7555277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is a central process involved in fundamental biological phenomena during embryonic development, wound healing, immune surveillance, and cancer spreading. Cell movement is complex and dynamic and requires the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal, membrane, adhesion and extracellular proteins. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been implicated in distinct aspects of cell motility, including axonal growth, transendothelial migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, formation of lamellipodia, and tumor migration and invasion. The preferential location of PrPC on cell membrane favors its function as a pivotal molecule in cell motile phenotype, being able to serve as a scaffold protein for extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors, and cytoskeletal multiprotein complexes to modulate their activities in cellular movement. Evidence points to PrPC mediating interactions of multiple key elements of cell motility at the intra- and extracellular levels, such as integrins and matrix proteins, also regulating cell adhesion molecule stability and cell adhesion cytoskeleton dynamics. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern cell motility is critical for tissue homeostasis, since uncontrolled cell movement results in pathological conditions such as developmental diseases and tumor dissemination. In this review, we discuss the relevant contribution of PrPC in several aspects of cell motility, unveiling new insights into both PrPC function and mechanism in a multifaceted manner either in physiological or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.B.P.); (M.I.M.E.); (R.N.A.); (B.P.C.); (C.F.d.L.F.); (J.M.B.); (R.P.I.)
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14
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The cellular prion protein is a stress protein secreted by renal tubular cells and a urinary marker of kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:243. [PMID: 32303684 PMCID: PMC7165184 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress underlies the pathogenesis of numerous kidney diseases. A better care of patients with kidney disease involves the identification and validation of ER stress biomarkers in the early stages of kidney disease. For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate that the prion protein PrPC is secreted in a conventional manner by ER-stressed renal epithelial cell under the control of the transcription factor x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and can serve as a sensitive urinary biomarker for detecting tubular ER stress. Urinary PrPC elevation occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, detectable urine levels of PrPC significantly increase after cardiopulmonary bypass, a condition associated with activation of the IRE1-XBP1 pathway in the kidney. In conclusion, our study has identified PrPC as a novel urinary ER stress biomarker with potential utility in early diagnosis of ongoing acute or chronic kidney injury.
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Ryskalin L, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Limanaqi F, Familiari P, Frati A, Fornai F. Prion Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205107. [PMID: 31618844 PMCID: PMC6834196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is an evolutionarily conserved cell surface protein encoded by the PRNP gene. PrPc is ubiquitously expressed within nearly all mammalian cells, though most abundantly within the CNS. Besides being implicated in the pathogenesis and transmission of prion diseases, recent studies have demonstrated that PrPc contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to conventional therapies. In particular, PrPc over-expression has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a variety of solid tumors, encompassing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), osteosarcoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and primary brain tumors, mostly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Thus, PrPc is emerging as a key in maintaining glioblastoma cancer stem cells’ (GSCs) phenotype, thereby strongly affecting GBM infiltration and relapse. In fact, PrPc contributes to GSCs niche’s maintenance by modulating GSCs’ stem cell-like properties while restraining them from differentiation. This is the first review that discusses the role of PrPc in GBM. The manuscript focuses on how PrPc may act on GSCs to modify their expression and translational profile while making the micro-environment surrounding the GSCs niche more favorable to GBM growth and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carla L Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | | | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
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16
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Le Corre D, Ghazi A, Balogoun R, Pilati C, Aparicio T, Martin-Lannerée S, Marisa L, Djouadi F, Poindessous V, Crozet C, Emile JF, Mulot C, Le Malicot K, Boige V, Blons H, de Reynies A, Taieb J, Ghiringhelli F, Bennouna J, Launay JM, Laurent-Puig P, Mouillet-Richard S. The cellular prion protein controls the mesenchymal-like molecular subtype and predicts disease outcome in colorectal cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:94-104. [PMID: 31377347 PMCID: PMC6710984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive transcriptomic analyses have shown that colorectal cancer (CRC) is heterogeneous and have led to the definition of molecular subtypes among which the stem-cell, mesenchymal-like group is associated with poor prognosis. The molecular pathways orchestrating the emergence of this subtype are incompletely understood. In line with the contribution of the cellular prion protein PrPC to stemness, we hypothesize that deregulation of this protein could lead to a stem-cell, mesenchymal-like phenotype in CRC. Methods We assessed the distribution of the PrPC-encoding PRNP mRNA in two large CRC cohorts according to molecular classification and its association with patient survival. We developed cell-based assays to explore the impact of gain and loss of PrPC function on markers of the mesenchymal subtype and to delineate the signalling pathways recruited by PrPC. We measured soluble PrPC in the plasmas of 325 patients with metastatic CRC and probed associations with disease outcome. Findings We found that PRNP gene expression is enriched in tumours of the mesenchymal subtype and is associated with poor survival. Our in vitro analyses revealed that PrPC controls the expression of genes that specify the mesenchymal subtype through the recruitment of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and the TGFß pathway. We showed that plasma levels of PrPC are elevated in metastatic CRC and are associated with poor disease control. Interpretation Our findings define PrPC as a candidate driver of the poor-prognosis mesenchymal subtype of CRC. They suggest that PrPC may serve as a potential biomarker for patient stratification in CRC. Funding Grant support was provided by the following: Cancéropôle Ile de France (grant number 2016-1-EMERG-36-UP 5-1), Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (grant number PJA 20171206220), SATT Ile de France Innov (grant number 415) as well as INSERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Le Corre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ralyath Balogoun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Aparicio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs", Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Poindessous
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Carole Crozet
- Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et de Biothérapie (I.M.R.B.), Université de Montpellier UMR-1183, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Karine Le Malicot
- Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, EPICAD INSERM LNC-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne et and Franche Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Boige
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs", Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Gastroenterology and GI Oncology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, F-44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université Paris Descartes, F-75010 Paris, France; Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Biology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Wu S, Wu F, Jiang Z. Identification of hub genes, key miRNAs and potential molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2043-2050. [PMID: 28902367 PMCID: PMC5652954 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system. The aim of the present study was to identify the potential biomarkers and uncover the underlying mechanisms. The gene and miRNA expression profiles were obtained from GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified by GEO2R. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by KOBAS 3.0. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and miRNA-gene network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Then, the identified genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR in both CRC tissue samples and cell lines. A total of 600 upregulated DEGs, 283 downregulated DEGs, 13 upregulated DE miRNAs and 7 downregulated DE miRNAs were identified. GO analysis results showed that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in binding, organelle and cellular process. Downregulated DEGs were enriched in binding, extracellular region and chemical homeostasis. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were mostly enriched in cell cycle and pathways in cancer. A total of eight genes were identified as biomarkers, including CAD, ITGA2, E2F3, BCL2, PRKACB, IGF1, SGK1 and NR3C1. Experimental validation showed that seven of the eight identified genes had the same expression trend as predicted, except for ITGA2. Besides, hsa-miR-552 and hsa-miR-30a were identified as key miRNAs. The present study provides a series of biomarkers and mechanisms for the diagnosis and therapy of CRC. We also prove that although bioinformatics analysis is a wonderful approach, experiment validation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Miyakoshi LM, Marques-Coelho D, De Souza LER, Lima FRS, Martins VR, Zanata SM, Hedin-Pereira C. Evidence of a Cell Surface Role for Hsp90 Complex Proteins Mediating Neuroblast Migration in the Subventricular Zone. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:138. [PMID: 28567003 PMCID: PMC5434112 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian brains, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is a germinative layer that maintains neurogenic activity throughout adulthood. Neuronal precursors arising from this region migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and reach the olfactory bulbs where they differentiate and integrate into the local circuitry. Recently, studies have shown that heat shock proteins have an important role in cancer cell migration and blocking Hsp90 function was shown to hinder cell migration in the developing cerebellum. In this work, we hypothesize that chaperone complexes may have an important function regulating migration of neuronal precursors from the subventricular zone. Proteins from the Hsp90 complex are present in the postnatal SVZ as well as in the RMS. Using an in vitro SVZ explant model, we have demonstrated the expression of Hsp90 and Hop/STI1 by migrating neuroblasts. Treatment with antibodies against Hsp90 and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, as well as Hsp90 and Hsp70 inhibitors hinder neuroblast chain migration. Time-lapse videomicroscopy analysis revealed that cell motility and average migratory speed was decreased after exposure to both antibodies and inhibitors. Antibodies recognizing Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hop/STI1 were found bound to the membranes of cells from primary SVZ cultures and biotinylation assays demonstrated that Hsp70 and Hop/STI1 could be found on the external leaflet of neuroblast membranes. The latter could also be detected in conditioned medium samples obtained from cultivated SVZ cells. Our results suggest that chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70, and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, components of the Hsp90 complex, regulate SVZ neuroblast migration in a concerted manner through an extracellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Miyakoshi
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Marques-Coelho
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E R De Souza
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of ParanáParaná, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of ParanáParaná, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,VPPLR-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Iglesia RP, Prado MB, Cruz L, Martins VR, Santos TG, Lopes MH. Engagement of cellular prion protein with the co-chaperone Hsp70/90 organizing protein regulates the proliferation of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28412969 PMCID: PMC5392955 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor, contains a subpopulation of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that play roles in tumor maintenance, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. GSCs are therefore a promising target for GBM treatment. Our group identified the cellular prion protein (PrPC) and its partner, the co-chaperone Hsp70/90 organizing protein (HOP), as potential target candidates due to their role in GBM tumorigenesis and in neural stem cell maintenance. Methods GSCs expressing different levels of PrPC were cultured as neurospheres with growth factors, and characterized with stem cells markers and adhesion molecules markers through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We than evaluated GSC self-renewal and proliferation by clonal density assays and BrdU incorporation, respectively, in front of recombinant HOP treatment, combined or not with a HOP peptide which mimics the PrPC binding site. Stable silencing of HOP was also performed in parental and/or PrPC-depleted cell populations, and proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were evaluated. Migration assays were performed on laminin-1 pre-coated glass. Results We observed that, when GBM cells are cultured as neurospheres, they express specific stemness markers such as CD133, CD15, Oct4, and SOX2; PrPC is upregulated compared to monolayer culture and co-localizes with CD133. PrPC silencing downregulates the expression of molecules associated with cancer stem cells, upregulates markers of cell differentiation and affects GSC self-renewal, pointing to a pivotal role for PrPC in the maintenance of GSCs. Exogenous HOP treatment increases proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs in a PrPC-dependent manner while HOP knockdown disturbs the proliferation process. In vivo, PrPC and/or HOP knockdown potently inhibits the growth of subcutaneously implanted glioblastoma cells. In addition, disruption of the PrPC-HOP complex by a HOP peptide, which mimics the PrPC binding site, affects GSC self-renewal and proliferation indicating that the HOP-PrPC complex is required for GSC stemness. Furthermore, PrPC-depleted GSCs downregulate cell adhesion-related proteins and impair cell migration indicating a putative role for PrPC in the cell surface stability of cell adhesion molecules and GBM cell invasiveness, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, our results show that the modulation of HOP-PrPC engagement or the decrease of PrPC and HOP expression may represent a potential therapeutic intervention in GBM, regulating glioblastoma stem-like cell self-renewal, proliferation, and migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0518-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária "Armando Salles Oliveira", Butanta - Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária "Armando Salles Oliveira", Butanta - Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cruz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária "Armando Salles Oliveira", Butanta - Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vilma Regina Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, 02056-070, Brazil
| | - Tiago Góss Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, 02056-070, Brazil
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Cidade Universitária "Armando Salles Oliveira", Butanta - Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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20
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Domingues PH, Nanduri LSY, Seget K, Venkateswaran SV, Agorku D, Viganó C, von Schubert C, Nigg EA, Swanton C, Sotillo R, Bosio A, Storchová Z, Hardt O. Cellular Prion Protein PrP C and Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Are Markers of the Cellular Stress Response to Aneuploidy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2914-2926. [PMID: 28377454 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of most human tumors, but the molecular physiology of aneuploid cells is not well characterized. In this study, we screened cell surface biomarkers of approximately 300 proteins by multiparameter flow cytometry using multiple aneuploid model systems such as cell lines, patient samples, and mouse models. Several new biomarkers were identified with altered expression in aneuploid cells, including overexpression of the cellular prion protein CD230/PrPC and the immunosuppressive cell surface enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73. Functional analyses associated these alterations with increased cellular stress. An increased number of CD73+ cells was observed in confluent cultures in aneuploid cells relative to their diploid counterparts. An elevated expression in CD230/PrPC was observed in serum-deprived cells in association with increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our work identified biomarkers of aneuploid karyotypes, which suggest insights into the underlying molecular physiology of aneuploid cells. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2914-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalitha S Y Nanduri
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.,Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Katarzyna Seget
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sharavan V Venkateswaran
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Agorku
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío Sotillo
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Storchová
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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