1
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Fan S, Zhou L, Zhang W, Wang D, Tang D. Role of imbalanced gut microbiota in promoting CRC metastasis: from theory to clinical application. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:232. [PMID: 38637851 PMCID: PMC11025274 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis poses a major challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and remains a primary cause of mortality among patients with CRC. Recent investigations have elucidated the involvement of disrupted gut microbiota homeostasis in various facets of CRC metastasis, exerting a pivotal influence in shaping the metastatic microenvironment, triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and so on. Moreover, therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota demonstrate promise in enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments for metastatic CRC (mCRC), presenting novel avenues for mCRC clinical management. Grounded in the "seed and soil" hypothesis, this review consolidates insights into the mechanisms by which imbalanced gut microbiota promotes mCRC and highlights recent strides in leveraging gut microbiota modulation for the clinical prevention and treatment of mCRC. Emphasis is placed on the considerable potential of manipulating gut microbiota within clinical settings for managing mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, 400030, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225000, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
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2
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Sayed ZS, Khattap MG, Madkour MA, Yasen NS, Elbary HA, Elsayed RA, Abdelkawy DA, Wadan AHS, Omar I, Nafady MH. Circulating tumor cells clusters and their role in Breast cancer metastasis; a review of literature. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:94. [PMID: 38557916 PMCID: PMC10984915 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant and deadly threat to women globally. Moreover, Breast cancer metastasis is a complicated process involving multiple biological stages, which is considered a substantial cause of death, where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other organs in the body-representing the primary mortality factor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells detached from the primary or metastatic tumor and enter the bloodstream, allowing them to establish new metastatic sites. CTCs can travel alone or in groups called CTC clusters. Studies have shown that CTC clusters have more potential for metastasis and a poorer prognosis than individual CTCs in breast cancer patients. However, our understanding of CTC clusters' formation, structure, function, and detection is still limited. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CTC clusters' biological properties, isolation, and prognostic significance in breast cancer. It also highlights the challenges and future directions for research and clinical application of CTC clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab S Sayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Khattap
- Technology of Radiology and Medical Imaging Program, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Galala University, Suez, 435611, Egypt
| | | | - Noha S Yasen
- Radiology and Imaging Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Al Mansurah, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Elbary
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elsayed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abdelkawy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 26Th of July Corridor, 6Th of October, Giza Governorate, Postal Code: 77, Egypt
| | | | - Islam Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of october, Egypt.
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3
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Ma Y, Yu Y, Yin Y, Wang L, Yang H, Luo S, Zheng Q, Pan Y, Zhang D. Potential role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by periodontal pathogens in oral cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18064. [PMID: 38031653 PMCID: PMC10805513 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of oral cancer in the world, it has become a hotspot to explore the pathogenesis and prevention of oral cancer. It has been proved there is a strong link between periodontal pathogens and oral cancer. However, the specific molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontal pathogens-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to the progression of oral cancer. Cells undergoing EMT showed increased motility, aggressiveness and stemness, which provide a pro-tumour environment and promote malignant metastasis of oral cancer. Plenty of studies proposed periodontal pathogens promote carcinogenesis via EMT. In the current review, we discussed the association between the development of oral cancer and periodontal pathogens, and summarized various mechanisms of EMT caused by periodontal pathogens, which are supposed to play an important role in oral cancer, to provide targets for future research in the fight against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yingyi Yu
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Huishun Yang
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shiyin Luo
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qifan Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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4
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Sevcikova A, Mladosievicova B, Mego M, Ciernikova S. Exploring the Role of the Gut and Intratumoral Microbiomes in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17199. [PMID: 38139030 PMCID: PMC10742837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dissemination involves invasion, migration, resistance to stressors in the circulation, extravasation, colonization, and other functions responsible for macroscopic metastases. By enhancing invasiveness, motility, and intravasation, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process promotes the generation of circulating tumor cells and their collective migration. Preclinical and clinical studies have documented intensive crosstalk between the gut microbiome, host organism, and immune system. According to the findings, polymorphic microbes might play diverse roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and therapy response. Microbial imbalances and changes in the levels of bacterial metabolites and toxins promote cancer progression via EMT and angiogenesis. In contrast, a favorable microbial composition, together with microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can attenuate the processes of tumor initiation, disease progression, and the formation of distant metastases. In this review, we highlight the role of the intratumoral and gut microbiomes in cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastatic ability and outline the potential options for microbiota modulation. As shown in murine models, probiotics inhibited tumor development, reduced tumor volume, and suppressed angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, modulation of an unfavorable microbiome might improve efficacy and reduce treatment-related toxicities, bringing clinical benefit to patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Beata Mladosievicova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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5
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Li Q. Bacterial infection and microbiota in carcinogenesis and tumor development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1294082. [PMID: 38035341 PMCID: PMC10684967 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1294082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota colonize exposed body tissues (e.g., gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, female genital tract, and urogenital tracts) and unexposed sites (e.g., breast). Persistent bacterial infection in the host lead to the development of multiple disease. They are implicated in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and malignant diseases. Amounting studies have demonstrated the role of bacterial infection in carcinogenesis. The study of microbiota in tumorigenesis is primarily focused on lung cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer, gastric cancer, and gynecologic tumors, and so on. Infection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer carcinogenesis is recognized as class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) decades ago. The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the development of colorectal cancer is extensively investigated. Variable bacteria have been cultured from the tumor tissues. The identification of microbiota in multiple tumor tissues reveal that bacterial infection and microbiota are associated with tumor development. The microbiota affects multiple aspects of carcinogenesis and tumor development, including favoring epithelial cells proliferation, establishing inflammatory microenvironment, promoting metastasis, and causing resistance to therapy. On the other hand, microbiota can shape a tumor surveillance environment by enhancing cell activity, and sensitize the tumor cells to immune therapy. In the present review, the roles of microbiota in multiple malignancies are summarized, and unraveling the mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions can contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between microbiota and host cells, also the development of potential anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Liu L, Chen B. Influence factors of the survival in colorectal cancer patients with second primary malignancy after surgery: A SEER database analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35286. [PMID: 37800769 PMCID: PMC10553115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival rate is significantly reduced in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who developing a second primary malignancy (SPM), and however, little has known about the factors that contribute to the mortality of SPMs among CRC survivors. This study aims to explore the influence factors in both the all-cause and cancer-specific mortality of patients with SPMs after CRC surgery. Data of adult CRC patients with SPMs were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in this retrospective cohort study. The associations between potential influence factors and all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were explored using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. The evaluation indexes were hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also drew pie charts to respectively reflect the distributions of SPMs sites and time interval in study population. A total of 1202 (56.14%) patients died for all-cause, and 464 (21.67%) died due to CRC. The results showed that after adjusting for covariates, age, sex, marital status, T stage of CRC, second primary cancer site, stage of SPMs, grade of SPMs, TNM stage of SPMs, and time interval were associated with all-cause mortality, while marital status, stage of CRC, T stage of CRC, chemotherapy, second primary cancer site, stage of SPMs, grade of SPMs, TNM stage of SPMs, and time interval were associated with cancer-specific mortality in patients with CRC. In addition, colon (23.5%) was the most common site of SPMs, followed by digestive system (19.0%), and the time interval between CRC and SPMs in most patients was over 5 years (28.4%). Our findings may assist clinicians to identify high-risk patients for SPMs after CRC surgery. Also, the postoperative long-term follow-up and close attention on the key systems where the SPMs may occur are of great necessary in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Liu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Chen
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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7
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Laupland KB, Keynan Y. Are blood cultures the infectious diseases faecal immunochemical test? JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2023; 8:111-115. [PMID: 38250288 PMCID: PMC10795695 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-01-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Laupland
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Inland Hospital, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- The Manitoba HIV Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Tang BF, Yan RC, Wang SW, Zeng ZC, Du SS. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase in tumor cell and tumor microenvironment: Emerging player and promising therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216126. [PMID: 36933780 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a member of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) protein family, which is widely and highly expressed in multiple cancer types. Through direct and indirect interactions with other proteins, it mediates various cascades of signal transduction processes and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell survival, growth, invasion and migration and other biological functions. Interestingly, MELK also plays an important role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, which can not only predict the responsiveness of immunotherapy, but also affect the function of immune cells to regulate tumor progression. In addition, more and more small molecule inhibitors have been developed for the target of MELK, which exert important anti-tumor effects and have achieved excellent results in a number of clinical trials. In this review, we outline the structural features, molecular biological functions, potential regulatory mechanisms and important roles of MELK in tumors and tumor microenvironment, as well as substances targeting MELK. Although many molecular mechanisms of MELK in the process of tumor regulation are still unknown, it is worth affirming that MELK is a potential tumor molecular therapeutic target, and its unique superiority and important role provide clues and confidence for subsequent basic research and scientific transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Fu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Fenglin Road 188, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Liu H, Yan C, Hao C, Wang D, Liu Y, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Wang JX, Li D, Zhu J, Chang SY, Yang LH, Lin X, Yan C, Kang JD, Quan LH. Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolite composition of pre-weaned beef calves. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105991. [PMID: 36649780 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are essential for maintaining host health and production. The intestinal microflora of pre-weaned calves gradually tends to mature with growth and development and has high plasticity, but few studies have explored the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaned beef calves. In this study, we tracked the dynamics of faecal microbiota in 13 new-born calves by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysed changes in faecal amino acid levels using metabolomics. Calves were divided into the relatively high average daily gain group (HA) and the relatively low average daily gain group (LA) for comparison. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity of the faecal microbiota increased with calf growth and development. The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae bacterium DJF B175 increased in the HA group, while that of Lactobacillus reuteri decreased. The results of the LEfSe analysis showed that the microbiota of faeces of HA calves at eight weeks of age was enriched with P. bacterium DJF B175, while Escherichia coli and L. reuteri were enriched in the microbiota of faeces of LA calves. Besides, the total amino acid concentration decreased significantly in the eighth week compared with that in the first week (P < 0.05). Overall, even under the same management conditions, microorganisms and their metabolites interact to play different dynamic regulatory roles. Our results provide new insights into changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites of pre-weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunyun Hao
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yize Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Changguo Yan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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10
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Spiliopoulou P, Vornicova O, Genta S, Spreafico A. Shaping the Future of Immunotherapy Targets and Biomarkers in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Cutaneous Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021294. [PMID: 36674809 PMCID: PMC9862040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in treating cutaneous melanoma have resulted in impressive patient survival gains. Refinement of disease staging and accurate patient risk classification have significantly improved our prognostic knowledge and ability to accurately stratify treatment. Undoubtedly, the most important step towards optimizing patient outcomes has been the advent of cancer immunotherapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Immunotherapy has established its cardinal role in the management of both early and late-stage melanoma. Through leveraging outcomes in melanoma, immunotherapy has also extended its benefit to other types of skin cancers. In this review, we endeavor to summarize the current role of immunotherapy in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, highlight the most pertinent immunotherapy-related molecular biomarkers, and lastly, shed light on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Spiliopoulou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Olga Vornicova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-946-4501 (ext. 5083)
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11
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Tang W, Zhang L, Ai T, Xia W, Xie C, Fan Y, Chen S, Chen Z, Yao J, Peng Y. A pilot study exploring the association of bronchial bacterial microbiota and recurrent wheezing in infants with atopy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1013809. [PMID: 36875523 PMCID: PMC9975506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1013809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in bronchial microbiota composition have been found to be associated with asthma; however, it is still unclear whether these findings can be applied to recurrent wheezing in infants especially with aeroallergen sensitization. Objectives To determine the pathogenesis of atopic wheezing in infants and to identify diagnostic biomarkers, we analyzed the bronchial bacterial microbiota of infants with recurrent wheezing and with or without atopic diseases using a systems biology approach. Methods Bacterial communities in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 15 atopic wheezing infants, 15 non-atopic wheezing infants, and 18 foreign body aspiration control infants were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial composition and community-level functions inferred from between-group differences from sequence profiles were analyzed. Results Both α- and β-diversity differed significantly between the groups. Compared to non-atopic wheezing infants, atopic wheezing infants showed a significantly higher abundance in two phyla (Deinococcota and unidentified bacteria) and one genus (Haemophilus) and a significantly lower abundance in one phylum (Actinobacteria). The random forest predictive model of 10 genera based on OTU-based features suggested that airway microbiota has diagnostic value for distinguishing atopic wheezing infants from non-atopic wheezing infants. PICRUSt2 based on KEGG hierarchy (level 3) revealed that atopic wheezing-associated differences in predicted bacterial functions included cytoskeleton proteins, glutamatergic synapses, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways. Conclusion The differential candidate biomarkers identified by microbiome analysis in our work may have reference value for the diagnosis of wheezing in infants with atopy. To confirm that, airway microbiome combined with metabolomics analysis should be further investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
| | - Tao Ai
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanmin Xia
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijin Chen
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Yao
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Li S, Li Q, Lu W. Intratumoral microbiome and gastrointestinal cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1047015. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1047015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have revealed the role of microbiota in regulating tumorigenesis, development, and response to antitumor treatment. However, most studies have focused on gut microbiota, and little is known about the intratumoral microbiome. To date, the latest research has indicated that the intratumoral microbiome is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and can promote a heterogeneous immune microenvironment, reprogram tumor metabolism to affect tumor invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize existing studies on the intratumoral microbiome of gastrointestinal cancers and reveal their crosstalk. This will provide a better understanding of this emerging field and help to explore new therapeutic approaches for cancer patients by targeting the intratumoral microbiome.
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Jin X, Liu Y, Yan W, Shi S, Liu L, Lin B, Guo X, Cai T, Wei Y. Gut microbiota from nCAL patients promotes colon anastomotic healing by inducing collagen synthesis in epithelial cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1756-1767. [PMID: 35849493 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colon anastomotic leak (CAL) is considered one of the most feared and serious postoperative complications in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, with no effective prevention strategies to date. Based on previous studies, gut microbiota is associated with anastomotic healing, but its ability to effectively promote anastomotic healing remains largely unknown. METHODS We performed a clinical study to analyze the gut microbiota profiling in CRC patients who developed CAL and those who did not (nCAL) using 16S-rRNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). To investigate these changes in an in vivo model, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation in a colon anastomosis rat experimental model to elucidate the causal effect between gut microbiota and anastomotic healing. Notably, RNA-seq in the anastomotic tissue of the latter experimental model was utilized to discover the potential molecular mechanism. RESULTS Our analysis implicated that gut microbiota profiling was profoundly different between CAL and nCAL patients. Strikingly, the rat experimental model transplanted with fecal microbiota derived from nCAL patients demonstrated enhanced anastomotic healing properties. Moreover, collagen synthesis, EMT, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways were upregulated in the same rats. Concordantly, we discovered that the better anastomotic healing profiling displayed in gut microbiota derived from nCAL patients is dependent on the TGF-β/Smad-induced EMT in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our clinical study identified the postoperative gut microbiota profile is associated with CAL in CRC patients. On the contrary, fecal microbiota from nCAL patients promotes anastomotic healing via TGF-β/Smad-induced EMT, with subsequent collagen synthesis and enhanced anastomosis healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangren Jin
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shang Shi
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lujia Liu
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baiqiang Lin
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
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Du X, Li Q, Tang Z, Yan L, Zhang L, Zheng Q, Zeng X, Chen G, Yue H, Li J, Zhao M, Han YP, Fu X. Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome in Colorectal Cancer: Implication of Intestinal Metabolism for Tumorigenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:854545. [PMID: 35600308 PMCID: PMC9116530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.854545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The gut microbiota and its metabolites are important for host physiological homeostasis, while dysbiosis is related to diseases including the development of cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we characterized the relationship of an altered gut microbiome with the fecal metabolome in CRC patients in comparison with volunteers having a normal colorectal mucous membrane (NC).Methods: The richness and composition of the microbiota in fecal samples of 30 CRC patients and 36 NC controls were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metabolome was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation analysis was to determine the correlation between the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in CRC patients.Results: There were significant alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in CRC patients compared with NC controls. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria dominated the gut microbial communities at the phylum level in both groups. Compared with NC controls, CRC patients had a lower frequency of Blautia and Lachnospiracaea but a higher abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella. Regarding the fecal metabolome, twenty-nine metabolites were identified as having significantly changed, showing increased levels of adrenic acid, decanoic acid, arachidonic acid, and tryptophan but a reduction in various monosaccharides in the fecal samples of CRC patients. Moreover, increased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was strongly associated with decreased levels of monosaccharides, while Blautia was positively associated with the production of monosaccharides in the fecal samples.Conclusion: These results highlight alterations of gut microbiota in association with certain metabolites in CRC progression, implying potential diagnostic and intervention potential for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianghao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Huawen Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangsheng Fu,
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