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Mola JM, Pearse IS, Boone ML, Evans E, Hepner MJ, Jean RP, Kochanski JM, Nordmeyer C, Runquist E, Smith TA, Strange JP, Watson J, Koch JBU. Range-wide genetic analysis of an endangered bumble bee (Bombus affinis, Hymenoptera: Apidae) reveals population structure, isolation by distance, and low colony abundance. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38569059 PMCID: PMC10990054 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Declines in bumble bee species range and abundances are documented across multiple continents and have prompted the need for research to aid species recovery and conservation. The rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) is the first federally listed bumble bee species in North America. We conducted a range-wide population genetics study of B. affinis from across all extant conservation units to inform conservation efforts. To understand the species' vulnerability and help establish recovery targets, we examined population structure, patterns of genetic diversity, and population differentiation. Additionally, we conducted a site-level analysis of colony abundance to inform prioritizing areas for conservation, translocation, and other recovery actions. We find substantial evidence of population structuring along an east-to-west gradient. Putative populations show evidence of isolation by distance, high inbreeding coefficients, and a range-wide male diploidy rate of ~15%. Our results suggest the Appalachians represent a genetically distinct cluster with high levels of private alleles and substantial differentiation from the rest of the extant range. Site-level analyses suggest low colony abundance estimates for B. affinis compared to similar datasets of stable, co-occurring species. These results lend genetic support to trends from observational studies, suggesting that B. affinis has undergone a recent decline and exhibit substantial spatial structure. The low colony abundances observed here suggest caution in overinterpreting the stability of populations even where B. affinis is reliably detected interannually. These results help delineate informed management units, provide context for the potential risks of translocation programs, and help set clear recovery targets for this and other threatened bumble bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Mola
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michelle L Boone
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elaine Evans
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Mark J Hepner
- Metamorphic Ecological Research and Consulting, LLC, Alonzaville, VA, USA
| | - Robert P Jean
- Environmental Solutions and Innovations, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jade M Kochanski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cale Nordmeyer
- Conservation Department, Minnesota Zoo, Apple Valley, MN, USA
| | - Erik Runquist
- Conservation Department, Minnesota Zoo, Apple Valley, MN, USA
| | - Tamara A Smith
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Minnesota–Wisconsin Ecological Services Field Office, Bloomington, MN, USA
| | - James P Strange
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay Watson
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan B U Koch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Logan, UT, USA
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2
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Koch JBU, Branstetter MG, Cox-Foster DL, Knoblett J, Lindsay TTT, Pitts-Singer TL, Rohde AT, Strange JP, Tobin KB. Novel Microsatellite Markers for Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): A North American Pollinator of Agricultural Crops and Wildland Plants. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36611021 PMCID: PMC9825315 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive decisions on the management of commercially produced bees, depend largely on associated knowledge of genetic diversity. In this study, we present novel microsatellite markers to support the breeding, management, and conservation of the blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Native to North America, O. lignaria has been trapped from wildlands and propagated on-crop and used to pollinate certain fruit, nut, and berry crops. Harnessing the O. lignaria genome assembly, we identified 59,632 candidate microsatellite loci in silico, of which 22 were tested using molecular techniques. Of the 22 loci, 12 loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), demonstrated no linkage disequilibrium (LD), and achieved low genotyping error in two Intermountain North American wild populations in Idaho and Utah, USA. We found no difference in population genetic diversity between the two populations, but there was evidence for low but significant population differentiation. Also, to determine if these markers amplify in other Osmia, we assessed 23 species across the clades apicata, bicornis, emarginata, and ribifloris. Nine loci amplified in three species/subspecies of apicata, 22 loci amplified in 11 species/subspecies of bicornis, 11 loci amplified in seven species/subspecies of emarginata, and 22 loci amplified in two species/subspecies of ribifloris. Further testing is necessary to determine the capacity of these microsatellite loci to characterize genetic diversity and structure under the assumption of HWE and LD for species beyond O. lignaria. These markers will inform the conservation and commercial use of trapped and managed O. lignaria and other Osmia species for both agricultural and nonagricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G Branstetter
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Diana L Cox-Foster
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Joyce Knoblett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Thuy-Tien Thai Lindsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Theresa L Pitts-Singer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Ashley T Rohde
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - James P Strange
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kerrigan B Tobin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service – Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Garlin J, Theodorou P, Kathe E, Quezada-Euán JJG, Paxton RJ, Soro A. Anthropogenic effects on the body size of two neotropical orchid bees. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:94. [PMID: 35918637 PMCID: PMC9347145 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To accommodate an ever-increasing human population, agriculture is rapidly intensifying at the expense of natural habitat, with negative and widely reported effects on biodiversity in general and on wild bee abundance and diversity in particular. Cities are similarly increasing in area, though the impact of urbanisation on wild bees is more equivocal and potentially positive in northern temperate regions. Yet agriculture and urbanisation both lead to the loss and alteration of natural habitat, its fragmentation, a potential reduction in floral availability, and warmer temperatures, factors thought to be drivers of wild bee decline. They have also been shown to be factors to which wild bee populations respond through morphological change. Body size is one such trait that, because of its relation to individual fitness, has received growing attention as a morphological feature that responds to human induced modification in land use. Here, we investigated the change in body size of two sympatric orchid bee species on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico in response to urbanization and agricultural intensification. By measuring 540 male individuals sampled from overall 24 sites, we found that Euglossa dilemma and Euglossa viridissima were on average smaller in urban and agricultural habitats than in natural ones. We discuss the potential role of reduced availability of resources in driving the observed body size shifts. Agricultural and urban land management in tropical regions might benefit wild bees if it encompassed the planting of flowering herbs and trees to enhance their conservation.
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4
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Hunt DAGA, DiBattista JD, Hendry AP. Effects of insularity on genetic diversity within and among natural populations. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8887. [PMID: 35571757 PMCID: PMC9077629 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative literature review of genetic diversity (GD) within and among populations in relation to categorical population size and isolation (together referred to as “insularity”). Using populations from within the same studies, we were able to control for between‐study variation in methodology, as well as demographic and life histories of focal species. Contrary to typical expectations, insularity had relatively minor effects on GD within and among populations, which points to the more important role of other factors in shaping evolutionary processes. Such effects of insularity were sometimes seen—particularly in study systems where GD was already high overall. That is, insularity influenced GD in a study system when GD was high even in non‐insular populations of the same study system—suggesting an important role for the “scope” of influences on GD. These conclusions were more robust for within population GD versus among population GD, although several biases might underlie this difference. Overall, our findings indicate that population‐level genetic assumptions need to be tested rather than assumed in nature, particularly for topics underlying current conservation management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. G. A. Hunt
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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5
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Kelemen EP, Rehan SM. Conservation insights from wild bee genetic studies: Geographic differences, susceptibility to inbreeding, and signs of local adaptation. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1485-1496. [PMID: 34178099 PMCID: PMC8210791 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conserving bees are critical both ecologically and economically. Genetic tools are valuable for monitoring these vital pollinators since tracking these small, fast-flying insects by traditional means is difficult. By surveying the current state of the literature, this review discusses how recent advances in landscape genetic and genomic research are elucidating how wild bees respond to anthropogenic threats. Current literature suggests that there may be geographic differences in the vulnerability of bee species to landscape changes. Populations of temperate bee species are becoming more isolated and more genetically depauperate as their landscape becomes more fragmented, but tropical bee species appear unaffected. These differences may be an artifact of historical differences in land-use, or it suggests that different management plans are needed for temperate and tropical bee species. Encouragingly, genetic studies on invasive bee species indicate that low levels of genetic diversity may not lead to rapid extinction in bees as once predicted. Additionally, next-generation sequencing has given researchers the power to identify potential genes under selection, which are likely critical to species' survival in their rapidly changing environment. While genetic studies provide insights into wild bee biology, more studies focusing on a greater phylogenetic and life-history breadth of species are needed. Therefore, caution should be taken when making broad conservation decisions based on the currently few species examined.
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6
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Kaya C, Generalovic TN, Ståhls G, Hauser M, Samayoa AC, Nunes-Silva CG, Roxburgh H, Wohlfahrt J, Ewusie EA, Kenis M, Hanboonsong Y, Orozco J, Carrejo N, Nakamura S, Gasco L, Rojo S, Tanga CM, Meier R, Rhode C, Picard CJ, Jiggins CD, Leiber F, Tomberlin JK, Hasselmann M, Blanckenhorn WU, Kapun M, Sandrock C. Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. BMC Biol 2021; 19:94. [PMID: 33952283 PMCID: PMC8101212 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is the most promising insect candidate for nutrient-recycling through bioconversion of organic waste into biomass, thereby improving sustainability of protein supplies for animal feed and facilitating transition to a circular economy. Contrary to conventional livestock, genetic resources of farmed insects remain poorly characterised. We present the first comprehensive population genetic characterisation of H. illucens. Based on 15 novel microsatellite markers, we genotyped and analysed 2862 individuals from 150 wild and captive populations originating from 57 countries on seven subcontinents. Results We identified 16 well-distinguished genetic clusters indicating substantial global population structure. The data revealed genetic hotspots in central South America and successive northwards range expansions within the indigenous ranges of the Americas. Colonisations and naturalisations of largely unique genetic profiles occurred on all non-native continents, either preceded by demographically independent founder events from various single sources or involving admixture scenarios. A decisive primarily admixed Polynesian bridgehead population serially colonised the entire Australasian region and its secondarily admixed descendants successively mediated invasions into Africa and Europe. Conversely, captive populations from several continents traced back to a single North American origin and exhibit considerably reduced genetic diversity, although some farmed strains carry distinct genetic signatures. We highlight genetic footprints characteristic of progressing domestication due to increasing socio-economic importance of H. illucens, and ongoing introgression between domesticated strains globally traded for large-scale farming and wild populations in some regions. Conclusions We document the dynamic population genetic history of a cosmopolitan dipteran of South American origin shaped by striking geographic patterns. These reflect both ancient dispersal routes, and stochastic and heterogeneous anthropogenic introductions during the last century leading to pronounced diversification of worldwide structure of H. illucens. Upon the recent advent of its agronomic commercialisation, however, current human-mediated translocations of the black soldier fly largely involve genetically highly uniform domesticated strains, which meanwhile threaten the genetic integrity of differentiated unique local resources through introgression. Our in-depth reconstruction of the contemporary and historical demographic trajectories of H. illucens emphasises benchmarking potential for applied future research on this emerging model of the prospering insect-livestock sector. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Hauser
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, Sacramento, USA
| | - Ana C Samayoa
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Carlos G Nunes-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Heather Roxburgh
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jens Wohlfahrt
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Ebenezer A Ewusie
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yupa Hanboonsong
- Department of Entomology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jesus Orozco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Production, Zamorano University, Zamorano, Honduras
| | - Nancy Carrejo
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Crop, Livestock and Environmental Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Chrysantus M Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clint Rhode
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Christine J Picard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Leiber
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Hasselmann
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kapun
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sandrock
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland.
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7
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111681. [PMID: 33396013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of particulate matter originating from beef cattle feed yards on the High Plains of the United States has revealed occurrence of multiple pesticides believed to potentially impact non-Apis pollinators. Among these pesticides are those that are highly toxic to Apis mellifera (honey bees). However, little non-Apis bee species toxicity data exist; especially pertaining to beef cattle feed yard-derived pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a series of 96-h contact toxicity tests with blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) using three neonicotinoids, two pyrethroids, and two macrocyclic lactones. Neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin) were most toxic with LD50 values ranging from 2.88 to 26.35 ng/bee, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones (abamectin and ivermectin) were also highly toxic to O. lignaria with LD50 estimates of 5.51-32.86 ng/bee. Pyrethroids (permethrin and bifenthrin) were relatively less toxic with LD50 values greater than 33 ng/bee. Sensitivity ratios for each pesticide were calculated to relate O. lignaria LD50 values to existing honey bee toxicity data. All three neonicotinoids were more toxic to O. lignaria than A. mellifera, but pyrethroids and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Additionally, three of seven pesticides (43%) resulted in significantly different mass normalized LD50 values for male and female O. lignaria. These results indicate that non-Apis pollinators may be highly susceptible to pesticides originating from beef cattle feed yards, necessitating consideration of more stringent regulatory protections than those based on A. mellifera pesticide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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8
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Maia UM, Pinto CE, Miranda LS, Coelho BWT, Santos Junior JE, Raiol RL, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Giannini TC. Forest Matrix Fosters High Similarity in Bee Composition Occurring on Isolated Outcrops Within Amazon Biome. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1374-1382. [PMID: 33015710 PMCID: PMC7734964 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most studies analyze fragmentation due to habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities and few of them analyzed fragmentation on naturally fragmented areas. In the Eastern Amazon, it is possible to find areas naturally open and surrounded by pristine forest. Understanding how species respond to isolation in these areas is an important challenge for decision-making processes aiming conservation and restoration. Using standardized methods of bee collection (entomological nets, bait trap, pan trap, and nest trap), the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of bees occurring on six isolated outcrops located in two protected areas within Amazon biome. More specifically, we tested 1) if the dissimilarity in bee species composition is explained by the isolation of outcrops and 2) if bee richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity can be explained by the outcrop size. We found 118 species, with the Meliponini and Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) tribes representing the highest number of species. The similarity in species composition across all outcrops is high and is not explained by the isolation. In addition, the richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity are not explained by outcrop size. Forest does not seem to be a barrier to bee movement, and although most species probably nest in the forests, they use the highly diverse plants of the outcrops as a complementary food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysses M Maia
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo S Miranda
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - José E Santos Junior
- Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Raiol
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Tereza C Giannini
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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9
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Griffiths SM, Butler MJ, Behringer DC, Pérez T, Preziosi RF. Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 126:63-76. [PMID: 32699391 PMCID: PMC7852562 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Griffiths
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Mark J Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thierry Pérez
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Richard F Preziosi
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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10
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Pattern of population structuring between Belgian and Estonian bumblebees. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9651. [PMID: 31273269 PMCID: PMC6609714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several population genetic studies investigated the extent of gene flow and population connectivity in bumblebees. In general, no restriction in gene flow is considered for mainland populations of common bumblebee species. Whether this assumption holds true for all species is not known. An assessment of bumblebee genetic structure in the context of their geographic distribution is needed to prioritize conservation and management needs. Here, we conducted a genetic study on seven bumblebee species occurring in Belgium and Estonia. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we investigated genetic diversity and population structuring in each species. This is the first study investigating population structuring of both declining and stable bumblebee species on both small and large geographic scales. Our results showed no or only low population structuring between the populations of the restricted and declining bumblebee species on both scales, while significant structuring was found for populations of the common species on the larger scale. The latter result, which may be due to human or environmental changes in the landscape, implies the need for the conservation of also widespread bumblebee species. Conservation strategies to improve gene flow and connectivity of populations could avoid the isolation and future losses of populations of these important species.
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11
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Pelletier F, Turgeon G, Bourret A, Garant D, St-Laurent MH. Genetic structure and effective size of an endangered population of woodland caribou. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Nair A, Nonaka E, van Nouhuys S. Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0372. [PMID: 30135149 PMCID: PMC6125898 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can increase spatial synchrony of population dynamics, leading to large-scale fluctuation that destabilizes communities. High trophic level species such as parasitoids are disproportionally affected because they depend on unstable resources. Most parasitoid wasps have complementary sex determination, producing sterile males when inbred, which can theoretically lead to population extinction via the diploid male vortex (DMV). We examined this process empirically using a hyperparasitoid population inhabiting a spatially structured host population in a large fragmented landscape. Over four years of high host butterfly metapopulation fluctuation, diploid male production by the wasp increased, and effective population size declined precipitously. Our multitrophic spatially structured model shows that host population fluctuation can cause local extinctions of the hyperparasitoid because of the DMV. However, regionally it persists because spatial structure allows for efficient local genetic rescue via balancing selection for rare alleles carried by immigrants. This is, to our knowledge, the first empirically based study of the possibility of the DMV in a natural host–parasitoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Nair
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland .,Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Oppenheimer RL, Shell WA, Rehan SM. Phylogeography and population genetics of the Australian small carpenter bee, Ceratina australensis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wyatt A Shell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Sandra M Rehan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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Abstract
Our planet is an increasingly urbanized landscape, with over half of the human population residing in cities. Despite advances in urban ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects the evolution of organisms, nor how this evolution may affect ecosystems and human health. Here, we review evidence for the effects of urbanization on the evolution of microbes, plants, and animals that inhabit cities. Urbanization affects adaptive and nonadaptive evolutionary processes that shape the genetic diversity within and between populations. Rapid adaptation has facilitated the success of some native species in urban areas, but it has also allowed human pests and disease to spread more rapidly. The nascent field of urban evolution brings together efforts to understand evolution in response to environmental change while developing new hypotheses concerning adaptation to urban infrastructure and human socioeconomic activity. The next generation of research on urban evolution will provide critical insight into the importance of evolution for sustainable interactions between humans and our city environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology and Center for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.
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15
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The Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of the Facultatively Eusocial Orchid Bee Euglossa dilemma. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:2891-2898. [PMID: 28701376 PMCID: PMC5592917 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.043687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bees provide indispensable pollination services to both agricultural crops and wild plant populations, and several species of bees have become important models for the study of learning and memory, plant–insect interactions, and social behavior. Orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) are especially important to the fields of pollination ecology, evolution, and species conservation. Here we report the nuclear and mitochondrial genome sequences of the orchid bee Euglossa dilemma Bembé & Eltz. E. dilemma was selected because it is widely distributed, highly abundant, and it was recently naturalized in the southeastern United States. We provide a high-quality assembly of the 3.3 Gb genome, and an official gene set of 15,904 gene annotations. We find high conservation of gene synteny with the honey bee throughout 80 MY of divergence time. This genomic resource represents the first draft genome of the orchid bee genus Euglossa, and the first draft orchid bee mitochondrial genome, thus representing a valuable resource to the research community.
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16
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Conservation genetics of bees: advances in the application of molecular tools to guide bee pollinator conservation. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Fragmentation in the clouds? The population genetics of the native bee Partamona bilineata (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in the cloud forests of Guatemala. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Patterns of population genetic structure and diversity across bumble bee communities in the Pacific Northwest. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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