1
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Blondel L, Klemet-N'Guessan S, Hendry AP, Scott ME. Parasite load, rather than parasite presence, decreases upstream movement in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata. J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38684192 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Several factors influence whether an organism remains in its local habitat. Parasites can, for example, influence host movement by impacting their behavior, physiology, and morphology. In rivers, fish that swim efficiently against the current are able to maintain their position without being displaced downstream, a behavior referred to as positive rheotaxis. We hypothesized that both the presence and number of ectoparasites on a host would affect the ability of fish to avoid downstream displacement and thus prevent them from remaining in their habitat. We used the guppy-Gyrodactylus host-ectoparasite model to test whether parasite presence and parasite load had an effect on fish rheotaxis. We quantified rheotaxis of sham-infected and parasite-infected fish in a circular flow tank in the laboratory prior to infection and 5-6 days postinfection. Both parasite-infected and sham-infected individuals expressed similar levels of positive rheotaxis prior to infection and after infection. However, with increasing parasite numbers, guppies covered less distance in the upstream direction and spent more time in slower flow zones. These results suggest that higher numbers of Gyrodactylus ectoparasites negatively influence rheotactic movements. Further research is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of this ectoparasite on fish movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blondel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Skovmand L, O'Dea RE, Greig KA, Amato KR, Hendry AP. Effects of leaf herbivory and autumn seasonality on plant secondary metabolites: A meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10912. [PMID: 38357594 PMCID: PMC10864732 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are produced by plants to overcome environmental challenges, both biotic and abiotic. We were interested in characterizing how autumn seasonality in temperate and subtropical climates affects overall PSM production in comparison to herbivory. Herbivory is commonly measured between spring to summer when plants have high resource availability and prioritize growth and reproduction. However, autumn seasonality also challenges plants as they cope with limited resources and prepare survival for winter. This suggests a potential gap in our understanding of how herbivory affects PSM production in autumn compared to spring/summer. Using meta-analysis, we recorded overall production of 22 different PSM subgroups from 58 published papers to calculate effect sizes from herbivory studies (absence to presence) and temperate to subtropical seasonal studies (summer to autumn), while considering other variables (e.g., plant type, increase in time since herbivory, temperature, and precipitation). We also compared production of five phenolic PSM subgroups - hydroxybenzoic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins. We wanted to detect a shared response across all PSMs and found that herbivory increased overall PSM production in herbaceous plants. Herbivory was also found to have a positive effect on individual PSM subgroups, such as flavonol production, while autumn seasonality was found to have a positive effect on flavan-3-ol and condensed tannin production. We discuss how these responses might stem from plants producing some PSMs constitutively, whereas others are induced only after herbivory, and how plants produce metabolites with higher costs only during seasons when other resources for growth and reproduction are less available, while other phenolic PSM subgroups serve more than one function for plants and such functions can be season dependent. The outcome of our meta-analysis is that autumn seasonality changes some PSM production differently from herbivory, and we see value in further investigating seasonality-herbivory interactions with plant chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lota Skovmand
- Redpath Museum & Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Ecosystem SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Keri A. Greig
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum & Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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3
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Haines GE, Moisan L, Derry AM, Hendry AP. Corrigendum. Am Nat 2024; 203:147-159. [PMID: 38207146 DOI: 10.1086/728406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
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4
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Govaert L, Hendry AP, Fattahi F, Möst M. Quantifying interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning. Ecology 2024; 105:e4199. [PMID: 37901985 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Rapid environmental changes result in massive biodiversity loss, with detrimental consequences for the functioning of ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that intraspecific diversity can contribute to ecosystem functioning to an extent comparable to contributions of interspecific diversity. Knowledge on the relative importance of these two sources of biodiversity is essential for predicting ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss and will aid in the prioritization of conservation targets and implementation of management measures. However, our quantitative insights into how interspecific and intraspecific biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning and how the effects of these two sources of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning can be compared are still very limited. To facilitate such quantitative insights, we extend the interspecific Price partitioning method originally introduced by J. Fox in 2006, previously used to quantify species loss and gain effects on ecosystem functioning, to also account for the effects of intraspecific diversity loss and gain on ecosystem function. Using this extended version can yield the quantitative information required for answering research questions addressing correlations between interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning, identifying interspecific and intraspecific groups with large effects, and assessing whether intraspecific diversity can compensate for losses in interspecific diversity. Applying this method to carefully designed experiments will provide additional insights into how biodiversity loss at different ecological levels contributes to and changes ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Markus Möst
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Department of Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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5
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Beausoleil MO, Carrión PL, Podos J, Camacho C, Rabadán-González J, Richard R, Lalla K, Raeymaekers JAM, Knutie SA, De León LF, Chaves JA, Clayton DH, Koop JAH, Sharpe DMT, Gotanda KM, Huber SK, Barrett RDH, Hendry AP. The fitness landscape of a community of Darwin's finches. Evolution 2023; 77:2533-2546. [PMID: 37671423 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Divergent natural selection should lead to adaptive radiation-that is, the rapid evolution of phenotypic and ecological diversity originating from a single clade. The drivers of adaptive radiation have often been conceptualized through the concept of "adaptive landscapes," yet formal empirical estimates of adaptive landscapes for natural adaptive radiations have proven elusive. Here, we use a 17-year dataset of Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza spp.) at an intensively studied site on Santa Cruz (Galápagos) to estimate individual apparent lifespan in relation to beak traits. We use these estimates to model a multi-species fitness landscape, which we also convert to a formal adaptive landscape. We then assess the correspondence between estimated fitness peaks and observed phenotypes for each of five phenotypic modes (G. fuliginosa, G. fortis [small and large morphotypes], G. magnirostris, and G. scandens). The fitness and adaptive landscapes show 5 and 4 peaks, respectively, and, as expected, the adaptive landscape was smoother than the fitness landscape. Each of the five phenotypic modes appeared reasonably close to the corresponding fitness peak, yet interesting deviations were also documented and examined. By estimating adaptive landscapes in an ongoing adaptive radiation, our study demonstrates their utility as a quantitative tool for exploring and predicting adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Lorena Carrión
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Podos
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Roxanne Richard
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kristen Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jaime A Chaves
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah K Huber
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Sharpe DMT, Valverde MP, De León LF, Hendry AP, Torchin ME. Biological invasions alter the structure of a tropical freshwater food web. Ecology 2023; 104:e4173. [PMID: 37768609 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are expected to alter food web structure, but there are limited empirical data directly comparing invaded versus uninvaded food webs, particularly in species-rich, tropical systems. We characterize for the first time the food web of Lake Gatun-a diverse and highly invaded tropical freshwater lake within the Panama Canal. We used stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the trophic structure of the fish community of Lake Gatun and to compare it to that of a minimally invaded reference lake, Lake Bayano. We found significant differences between the trophic structures of these two Neotropical lakes, notably that Lake Gatun's fish community was characterized by a longer food chain, greater isotopic diversity, a broader range of trophic positions and body sizes, and shifts in the isotopic positions of several native taxa relative to Lake Bayano. The degree of isotopic overlap between native and non-native trophic guilds in Lake Gatun was variable, with herbivores exhibiting the lowest (20%-29%) overlap and carnivores the greatest (81%-100%). Overall, our results provide some of the first empirical evidence for the ways in which multiple introduced and native species may partition isotopic space in a species-rich tropical freshwater food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marisol P Valverde
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Luis F De León
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia, Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark E Torchin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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7
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Pérez-Ortega B, Hendry AP. A meta-analysis of human disturbance effects on glucocorticoid hormones in free-ranging wild vertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1459-1471. [PMID: 37095625 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Free-ranging wild vertebrates need to cope with natural and anthropogenic stressors that cause short and/or long-term behavioural and physiological responses. In areas of high human disturbance, the use of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones as biomarkers to measure stress responses is an increasingly common tool for understanding how animals cope with human disturbance. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate how human disturbances such as habitat conversion, habitat degradation, and ecotourism influence baseline GC hormones of free-ranging wild vertebrates, and we further test the role of protected areas in reducing the impact of such disturbances on these hormones. A total of 58 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 152 data points for comparing levels of GC hormones under disturbed and undisturbed conditions. The overall effect size suggests that human disturbance does not cause a consistent increase in levels of GC hormones (Hedges' g = 0.307, 95% CI = -0.062 to 0.677). However, when the data were analysed by disturbance type, living in unprotected areas or in areas with habitat conversion were found to increase GC hormone levels compared to living in protected or undisturbed areas. By contrast, we found no evidence that ecotourism or habitat degradation generates a consistent increase in baseline GC hormone levels. Among taxonomic groups, mammals appeared more sensitive to human disturbance than birds. We advocate the use of GC hormones for inferring major human-caused contributors to the stress levels of free-ranging wild vertebrates - although such information needs to be combined with other measures of stress and interpreted in the context of an organism's life history, behaviour, and history of interactions with human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betzi Pérez-Ortega
- McGill University, Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- McGill University, Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
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8
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Sanderson S, Bolnick DI, Kinnison MT, O'Dea RE, Gorné LD, Hendry AP, Gotanda KM. Contemporary changes in phenotypic variation, and the potential consequences for eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S127-S139. [PMID: 37840026 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Most studies assessing rates of phenotypic change focus on population mean trait values, whereas a largely overlooked additional component is changes in population trait variation. Theoretically, eco-evolutionary dynamics mediated by such changes in trait variation could be as important as those mediated by changes in trait means. To date, however, no study has comprehensively summarised how phenotypic variation is changing in contemporary populations. Here, we explore four questions using a large database: How do changes in trait variances compare to changes in trait means? Do different human disturbances have different effects on trait variance? Do different trait types have different effects on changes in trait variance? Do studies that established a genetic basis for trait change show different patterns from those that did not? We find that changes in variation are typically small; yet we also see some very large changes associated with particular disturbances or trait types. We close by interpreting and discussing the implications of our findings in the context of eco-evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | - Lucas D Gorné
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Hendry AP. Eco-evolutionary dynamics: An experimental demonstration in nature. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R814-R817. [PMID: 37552949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecological change drives rapid evolution, which then should feed back to influence ecological change. A new study uses experiments with Timema stick insects to demonstrate such feedbacks in nature, revealing that they can be very rapid, strong, and stabilizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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10
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Sanderson S, Astorg L, Haines GE, Beaumont-Courteau S, Langerhans RB, Derry AM, Hendry AP. FRESHWATER FISHES MAINTAIN MULTI-TRAIT PHENOTYPIC STABILITY ACROSS AN ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT IN AQUEOUS CALCIUM. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 37073097 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in a limiting nutrient might be expected to necessitate compromises in the functional traits that depend on that nutrient; yet populations existing in locations with low levels of such nutrients often do not show the expected degradation of functional traits. Indeed, we previously found that fish of three species, Logperch (Percina caprodes), Pumpkinseed Sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) residing in low-calcium water in the Upper St. Lawrence River nevertheless maintained levels of scale calcium comparable to those of conspecific populations in high-calcium water. However, it remains possible that the maintenance of one functional trait under nutrient-limited conditions could come at the expense of maintaining other functional traits that depend on that same nutrient. Hence, we here extend prior work by examining other calcium-dependent traits: skeletal element sizes and bone densities in the same fish species in the same area. Using radiographs of 101 fish from the three species across four locations (two in high-calcium water and two in low-calcium water), we document multi-trait "homeostasis" along the gradient of water calcium. That is, we did not detect any effect of calcium regime (low-calcium versus high-calcium) on any of the measured variables. Further, effect sizes for the skeletal traits were very low - lower even than effect sizes previously documented for scale calcium. Our results thus show that native fishes maintain phenotype stability across a suite of functional traits linked to calcium regulation, perhaps pointing to an "organismal-level homeostasis" scenario rather than a "trait-level homeostasis" scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Astorg
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Avenue Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Grant E Haines
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - R Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alison M Derry
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Avenue Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Reyes‐Corral WD, Carvajal‐Endara S, Hetherington‐Rauth M, Chaves JA, Grant PR, Grant BR, Hendry AP, Johnson MTJ. Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9766. [PMID: 36969922 PMCID: PMC10031297 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread nonendemic species living on islands. We used the widespread plant Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae) to study phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators, including how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field‐collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was less frequent on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. Our results show that Tribulus cistoides exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defense) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Furthermore, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions partially depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to study phenotypic divergence on island habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Carvajal‐Endara
- Department of Biology and Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio AmbienteUniversidad Tecnológica IndoaméricaQuitoEcuador
| | | | - Jaime A. Chaves
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de QuitoQuitoEcuador
- Department of BiologyHensill HallSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter R. Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - B. Rosemary Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Marc T. J. Johnson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
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12
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Garcia-Elfring A, Sabin CE, Iouchmanov AL, Roffey HL, Samudra SP, Alcala AJ, Osman RS, Lauderdale JD, Hendry AP, Menke DB, Barrett RDH. Piebaldism and chromatophore development in reptiles are linked to the tfec gene. Curr Biol 2023; 33:755-763.e3. [PMID: 36702128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reptiles display great diversity in color and pattern, yet much of what we know about vertebrate coloration comes from classic model species such as the mouse and zebrafish.1,2,3,4 Captive-bred ball pythons (Python regius) exhibit a remarkable degree of color and pattern variation. Despite the wide range of Mendelian color phenotypes available in the pet trade, ball pythons remain an overlooked species in pigmentation research. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of the recessive piebald phenotype, a pattern defect characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (leucoderma). We performed whole-genome sequencing and used a case-control approach to discover a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor tfec, implicating this gene in the leucodermic patches in ball pythons. We functionally validated tfec in a lizard model (Anolis sagrei) using the gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 system and TEM imaging of skin. Our findings show that reading frame mutations in tfec affect coloration and lead to a loss of iridophores in Anolis, indicating that tfec is required for chromatophore development. This study highlights the value of captive-bred ball pythons as a model species for accelerating discoveries on the genetic basis of vertebrate coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Garcia-Elfring
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Christina E Sabin
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anna L Iouchmanov
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Heather L Roffey
- Biology Department, Vanier College, Montreal, QC H4L 3X9, Canada
| | - Sukhada P Samudra
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Aaron J Alcala
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rida S Osman
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James D Lauderdale
- Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Douglas B Menke
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
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13
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Haines GE, Moisan L, Derry AM, Hendry AP. Dimensionality and Modularity of Adaptive Variation: Divergence in Threespine Stickleback from Diverse Environments. Am Nat 2023; 201:175-199. [PMID: 36724467 DOI: 10.1086/722483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPopulations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in phenotypic divergence. Some authors contend that such divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance even if that axis does not lead populations directly toward a fitness optimum. Other authors argue that divergence can occur readily along many phenotype axes at the same time. We use populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 14 lakes with contrasting ecological conditions to find some resolution along the continuum between these two extremes. Unlike many previous studies, we included several functional suites of traits (defensive, swimming, trophic) potentially subject to different sources of selection. We find that populations exhibit dimensionality of divergence that is high enough to preclude a history of constraint along a single axis-both for divergence in multivariate mean trait values and for the structure of trait covariances. Dimensionality varied among trait suites and were strongly influenced by the inclusion of specific traits, and integration of trait suites varied between populations. We leverage this variation into new insights about the process of divergence and suggest that similar analyses could increase understanding of other adaptive radiations.
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14
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Poore HA, Stuart YE, Rennison DJ, Roesti M, Hendry AP, Bolnick DI, Peichel CL. Repeated genetic divergence plays a minor role in repeated phenotypic divergence of lake-stream stickleback. Evolution 2023; 77:110-122. [PMID: 36622692 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in response to similar ecological conditions (here "parallel evolution") often occurs through mutations in the same genes. However, many previous studies have focused on known candidate genes in a limited number of systems. Thus, the question of how often parallel phenotypic evolution is due to parallel genetic changes remains open. Here, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in F2 intercrosses between lake and stream threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from four independent watersheds on Vancouver Island, Canada to determine whether the same QTL underlie divergence in the same phenotypes across, between, and within watersheds. We find few parallel QTL, even in independent crosses from the same watershed or for phenotypes that have diverged in parallel. These findings suggest that different mutations can lead to similar phenotypes. The low genetic repeatability observed in these lake-stream systems contrasts with the higher genetic repeatability observed in other stickleback systems. We speculate that differences in evolutionary history, gene flow, and/or the strength and direction of selection might explain these differences in genetic parallelism and emphasize that more work is needed to move beyond documenting genetic parallelism to identifying the underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Poore
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yoel E Stuart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Diana J Rennison
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marius Roesti
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Catherine L Peichel
- Division of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Divisions of Basic Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Thompson LM, Thurman LL, Cook CN, Beever EA, Sgrò CM, Battles A, Botero CA, Gross JE, Hall KR, Hendry AP, Hoffmann AA, Hoving C, LeDee OE, Mengelt C, Nicotra AB, Niver RA, Pérez‐Jvostov F, Quiñones RM, Schuurman GW, Schwartz MK, Szymanski J, Whiteley A. Connecting research and practice to enhance the evolutionary potential of species under climate change. Conservat Sci and Prac 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Climate Adaptation Science Center and the University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Erik A. Beever
- USGS, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center and Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | | | | | - John E. Gross
- National Park Service (NPS) Climate Change Response Program Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivia E. LeDee
- USGS, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center Saint Paul Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - Robyn A. Niver
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Branch of Listing and Policy Support Bailey's Crossroads Virginia USA
| | | | - Rebecca M. Quiñones
- Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Westborough Massachusetts USA
| | - Gregor W. Schuurman
- National Park Service (NPS) Climate Change Response Program Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Michael K. Schwartz
- U.S. Forest Service, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jennifer Szymanski
- USFWS, Branch of SSA Science Support, Division of Endangered Species Onalaska Wisconsin USA
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16
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Carrión PL, Raeymaekers JAM, De León LF, Chaves JA, Sharpe DMT, Huber SK, Herrel A, Vanhooydonck B, Gotanda KM, Koop JAH, Knutie SA, Clayton DH, Podos J, Hendry AP. The terroir of the finch: How spatial and temporal variation shapes phenotypic traits in DARWIN'S finches. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9399. [PMID: 36225827 PMCID: PMC9534727 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The term terroir is used in viticulture to emphasize how the biotic and abiotic characteristics of a local site influence grape physiology and thus the properties of wine. In ecology and evolution, such terroir (i.e., the effect of space or “site”) is expected to play an important role in shaping phenotypic traits. Just how important is the pure spatial effect of terroir (e.g., differences between sites that persist across years) in comparison to temporal variation (e.g., differences between years that persist across sites), and the interaction between space and time (e.g., differences between sites change across years)? We answer this question by analyzing beak and body traits of 4388 medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) collected across 10 years at three locations in Galápagos. Analyses of variance indicated that phenotypic variation was mostly explained by site for beak size (η2 = 0.42) and body size (η2 = 0.43), with a smaller contribution for beak shape (η2 = 0.05) and body shape (η2 = 0.12), but still higher compared to year and site‐by‐year effects. As such, the effect of terroir seems to be very strong in Darwin's finches, notwithstanding the oft‐emphasized interannual variation. However, these results changed dramatically when we excluded data from Daphne Major, indicating that the strong effect of terroir was mostly driven by that particular population. These phenotypic results were largely paralleled in analyses of environmental variables (rainfall and vegetation indices) expected to shape terroir in this system. These findings affirm the evolutionary importance of terroir, while also revealing its dependence on other factors, such as geographical isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L. Carrión
- Redpath Museum, Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | | | - Luis Fernando De León
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA,Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamáRepública de Panamá,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamáRepública de Panamá
| | - Jaime A. Chaves
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de QuitoQuitoEcuador
| | - Diana M. T. Sharpe
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamáRepública de Panamá,Worcester State UniversityWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah K. Huber
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William & MaryGloucester PointVirginiaUSA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleDépartement Adaptations du VivantBâtiment d'Anatomie ComparéeParisFrance
| | | | - Kiyoko M. Gotanda
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada,Departement de BiologieUniversite de SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Jennifer A. H. Koop
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIllinoisUSA
| | - Sarah A. Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA,Institute for Systems GenomicsUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Dale H. Clayton
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jeffrey Podos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum, Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
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17
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Heckley AM, Pearce AE, Gotanda KM, Hendry AP, Oke KB. Compiling forty years of guppy research to investigate the factors contributing to (non)parallel evolution. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1414-1431. [PMID: 36098479 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly similar environments where natural selection is expected to favour similar phenotypes. Leveraging this variation in parallelism within well-researched study systems can provide insight into the factors that contribute to variation in adaptive responses. Here we analyse the results of 36 studies reporting 446 average trait values in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from different predation regimes. We examine how the extent of predator-driven phenotypic parallelism is influenced by six factors: sex, trait type, rearing environment, ecological complexity, evolutionary history, and time since colonization. Analyses show that parallel evolution in guppies is highly variable and weak on average, with only 24.7% of the variation among populations being explained by predation regime. Levels of parallelism appeared to be especially weak for colour traits, and parallelism decreased with increasing complexity of evolutionary history (i.e., when estimates of parallelism from populations within a single drainage were compared to estimates of parallelism from populations pooled between two major drainages). Suggestive - but not significant - trends that warrant further research include interactions between the sexes and different trait categories. Quantifying and accounting for these and other sources of variation among evolutionary 'replicates' can be leveraged to better understand the extent to which seemingly similar environments drive parallel and nonparallel aspects of phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allegra E Pearce
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biology, Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krista B Oke
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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18
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Verrelli BC, Alberti M, Des Roches S, Harris NC, Hendry AP, Johnson MTJ, Savage AM, Charmantier A, Gotanda KM, Govaert L, Miles LS, Rivkin LR, Winchell KM, Brans KI, Correa C, Diamond SE, Fitzhugh B, Grimm NB, Hughes S, Marzluff JM, Munshi-South J, Rojas C, Santangelo JS, Schell CJ, Schweitzer JA, Szulkin M, Urban MC, Zhou Y, Ziter C. A global horizon scan for urban evolutionary ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:1006-1019. [PMID: 35995606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Research on the evolutionary ecology of urban areas reveals how human-induced evolutionary changes affect biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In a rapidly urbanizing world imposing many selective pressures, a time-sensitive goal is to identify the emergent issues and research priorities that affect the ecology and evolution of species within cities. Here, we report the results of a horizon scan of research questions in urban evolutionary ecology submitted by 100 interdisciplinary scholars. We identified 30 top questions organized into six themes that highlight priorities for future research. These research questions will require methodological advances and interdisciplinary collaborations, with continued revision as the field of urban evolutionary ecology expands with the rapid growth of cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simone Des Roches
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Amy M Savage
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | | | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay S Miles
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - L Ruth Rivkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kristin M Winchell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kristien I Brans
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristian Correa
- Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Sarah E Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ben Fitzhugh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy B Grimm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sara Hughes
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M Marzluff
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center & Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Centro de Desarrollo Sustentable CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Providencia, 7500000, Santiago, Chile
| | - James S Santangelo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Christopher J Schell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schweitzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Carly Ziter
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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19
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Hendry AP, Hendry CA, Hendry AS, Roffey HL, Hendry MA. Performance of wild animals with “broken” traits: Movement patterns in nature of moose with leg injuries. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9127. [PMID: 35923947 PMCID: PMC9339739 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal traits are presumed to be well suited for performance in the tasks required for survival, growth, and reproduction. Major injuries to such traits should therefore compromise performance and prevent success in the natural world; yet some injured animals can survive for long periods of time and contribute to future generations. We here examine 3 years of camera trap observations along a remote trail through old‐growth forest in northern British Columbia, Canada. The most common observations were of moose (2966), wolves (476), and brown bears (224). The moose overwhelmingly moved in one direction along the trail in the late fall and early winter and in the other direction in the spring. This movement was clustered/contagious, with days on which many moose traveled often being interspersed with days on which few moose traveled. On the video recordings, we identified 12 injured moose, representing 1.4% of all moose observations. Seven injuries were to the carpus, three were to the antebrachium, and two were to the tarsus—and they are hypothesized to reflect damage to ligaments, tendons, and perhaps bones. The injured moose were limping in all cases, sometimes severely; and yet they did not differ noticeably from uninjured moose in the direction, date, contagiousness, or speed of movement along the trail. We discuss the potential relevance of these findings for the action of natural selection in the evolution of organismal traits important for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Québec Canada
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20
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Hunt DAGA, DiBattista JD, Hendry AP. Effects of insularity on genetic diversity within and among natural populations. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8887. [PMID: 35571757 PMCID: PMC9077629 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative literature review of genetic diversity (GD) within and among populations in relation to categorical population size and isolation (together referred to as “insularity”). Using populations from within the same studies, we were able to control for between‐study variation in methodology, as well as demographic and life histories of focal species. Contrary to typical expectations, insularity had relatively minor effects on GD within and among populations, which points to the more important role of other factors in shaping evolutionary processes. Such effects of insularity were sometimes seen—particularly in study systems where GD was already high overall. That is, insularity influenced GD in a study system when GD was high even in non‐insular populations of the same study system—suggesting an important role for the “scope” of influences on GD. These conclusions were more robust for within population GD versus among population GD, although several biases might underlie this difference. Overall, our findings indicate that population‐level genetic assumptions need to be tested rather than assumed in nature, particularly for topics underlying current conservation management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. G. A. Hunt
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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21
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Beausoleil M, Camacho C, Rabadán‐González J, Lalla K, Richard R, Carrion‐Avilés P, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Where did the finch go? Insights from radio telemetry of the medium ground finch (
Geospiza fortis
). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8768. [PMID: 35494501 PMCID: PMC9039628 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement patterns and habitat selection of animals have important implications for ecology and evolution. Darwin's finches are a classic model system for ecological and evolutionary studies, yet their spatial ecology remains poorly studied. We tagged and radio‐tracked five (three females, two males) medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) to examine the feasibility of telemetry for understanding their movement and habitat use. Based on 143 locations collected during a 3‐week period, we analyzed for the first time home‐range size and habitat selection patterns of finches at El Garrapatero, an arid coastal ecosystem on Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos). The average 95% home range and 50% core area for G. fortis in the breeding season was 20.54 ha ± 4.04 ha SE and 4.03 ha ± 1.11 ha SE, respectively. For most of the finches, their home range covered a diverse set of habitats. Three finches positively selected the dry‐forest habitat, while the other habitats seemed to be either negatively selected or simply neglected by the finches. In addition, we noted a communal roosting behavior in an area close to the ocean, where the vegetation is greener and denser than the more inland dry‐forest vegetation. We show that telemetry on Darwin's finches provides valuable data to understand the movement ecology of the species. Based on our results, we propose a series of questions about the ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches that can be addressed using telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología—CSIC Jaca Spain
- Department of Biology Centre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove) Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Kristen Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Sainte‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
| | - Roxanne Richard
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
| | - Rowan D. H. Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
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22
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Heckley AM, de Lira JJPR, Hendry AP, Pérez-Jvostov F. How might Gyrodactylus parasitism modify trade-offs between female preference and susceptibility of males to predation in trinidadian guppies? Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:459-467. [PMID: 35331715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A number of examples exist of trade-offs between mating success and survival; that is, success in one fitness component comes at the cost of success in the other fitness component. However, these expected trade-offs are - perhaps even more commonly - not observed. One explanation for this apparent paradox of missing trade-offs could be that the other factors generating fitness variation across individuals confound or obscure the expected trade-off. These confounding effects could arise in two general ways: (i) the additional source of variation could positively (or negatively) influence both fitness components ("shared confounder" hypothesis), or (ii) the additional source of variation could influence only one fitness component ("non-shared confounder" hypothesis). We tested whether parasitism by Gyrodactylus spp. could be a confounder of trade-offs between female preference and susceptibility to predation for male Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). As in previous work, we did not find the expected trade-off; that is, the males preferred by females were not more likely to be eaten by predators. Because half of the experimental males were infected by Gyrodactylus in a paired design, we were able to show that females discriminated against infected males, but that infected males were not more susceptible to predation. Our results thus provide support for the non-shared confounder hypothesis. That is, by negatively affecting one fitness component (female choice) but not the other (susceptibility to predation), parasitism by Gyrodactylus could obscure the expected trade-off between female preference and susceptibility to predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Heckley
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada.
| | - José Jonathas P R de Lira
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Felipe Pérez-Jvostov
- Department of Biology and the Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke ST W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
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23
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Sanderson S, Beausoleil MO, O'Dea RE, Wood ZT, Correa C, Frankel V, Gorné LD, Haines GE, Kinnison MT, Oke KB, Pelletier F, Pérez-Jvostov F, Reyes-Corral WD, Ritchot Y, Sorbara F, Gotanda KM, Hendry AP. The pace of modern life, revisited. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1028-1043. [PMID: 34902193 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild populations must continuously respond to environmental changes or they risk extinction. Those responses can be measured as phenotypic rates of change, which can allow us to predict contemporary adaptive responses, some of which are evolutionary. About two decades ago, a database of phenotypic rates of change in wild populations was compiled. Since then, researchers have used (and expanded) this database to examine phenotypic responses to specific types of human disturbance. Here, we update the database by adding 5675 new estimates of phenotypic change. Using this newer version of the data base, now containing 7338 estimates of phenotypic change, we revisit the conclusions of four published articles. We then synthesize the expanded database to compare rates of change across different types of human disturbance. Analyses of this expanded database suggest that: (i) a small absolute difference in rates of change exists between human disturbed and natural populations, (ii) harvesting by humans results in higher rates of change than other types of disturbance, (iii) introduced populations have increased rates of change, and (iv) body size does not increase through time. Thus, findings from earlier analyses have largely held-up in analyses of our new database that encompass a much larger breadth of species, traits, and human disturbances. Lastly, we use new analyses to explore how various types of human disturbances affect rates of phenotypic change, and we call for this database to serve as a steppingstone for further analyses to understand patterns of contemporary phenotypic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Rose E O'Dea
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zachary T Wood
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Cristian Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Victor Frankel
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas D Gorné
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, IMBiV, Córdoba, Argentina.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grant E Haines
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Krista B Oke
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Felipe Pérez-Jvostov
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Winer D Reyes-Corral
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yanny Ritchot
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Freedom Sorbara
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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24
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Urban MC, Travis JMJ, Zurell D, Thompson PL, Synes NW, Scarpa A, Peres-Neto PR, Malchow AK, James PMA, Gravel D, De Meester L, Brown C, Bocedi G, Albert CH, Gonzalez A, Hendry AP. Corrigendum: Coding for Life: Designing a Platform for Projecting and Protecting Global Biodiversity. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Urban
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Scarpa
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, with the Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, Berlin, Germany, and with the Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Calum Brown
- IMK-IFU, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Greta Bocedi
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Univ Avignon, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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25
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Urban MC, Travis JMJ, Zurell D, Thompson PL, Synes NW, Scarpa A, Peres-Neto PR, Malchow AK, James PMA, Gravel D, De Meester L, Brown C, Bocedi G, Albert CH, Gonzalez A, Hendry AP. Coding for Life: Designing a Platform for Projecting and Protecting Global Biodiversity. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Time is running out to limit further devastating losses of biodiversity and nature's contributions to humans. Addressing this crisis requires accurate predictions about which species and ecosystems are most at risk to ensure efficient use of limited conservation and management resources. We review existing biodiversity projection models and discover problematic gaps. Current models usually cannot easily be reconfigured for other species or systems, omit key biological processes, and cannot accommodate feedbacks with Earth system dynamics. To fill these gaps, we envision an adaptable, accessible, and universal biodiversity modeling platform that can project essential biodiversity variables, explore the implications of divergent socioeconomic scenarios, and compare conservation and management strategies. We design a roadmap for implementing this vision and demonstrate that building this biodiversity forecasting platform is possible and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Urban
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Scarpa
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, with the Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, Berlin, Germany, and with the Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Calum Brown
- IMK-IFU, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Greta Bocedi
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Univ Avignon, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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26
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Sanderson S, Derry AM, Hendry AP. Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6053-6065. [PMID: 34141202 PMCID: PMC8207426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial environmental gradients can promote adaptive differences among conspecific populations as a result of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Such divergence can be opposed by various constraints, including gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We focus on the constraint that can be imposed when some populations are found in locations characterized by low levels of an essential nutrient. We use scales of wild fish to investigate phenotypic effects of spatial variation in a potentially limiting nutrient-calcium. If scale calcium (we use "scalar" calcium for consistency with the physiology literature) simply reflects environmental calcium availability, we expect higher levels of scalar calcium in fish from calcium-rich water, compared to fish from calcium-poor water. To consider this "passive response" scenario, we analyzed scalar calcium concentrations from three native fish species (Lepomis gibbosus, Percina caprodes, and Perca flavescens) collected at multiple sites across a dissolved calcium gradient in the Upper St. Lawrence River. Contradicting the "passive response" scenario, we did not detect strong or consistent relationships between scalar calcium and water calcium. Instead, for a given proportional increase in water calcium across the wide environmental gradient, the corresponding proportional change in scalar calcium was much smaller. We thus favor the alternative "active homeostasis" scenario, wherein fish from calcium-poor water are better able to uptake, mobilize, and deposit calcium than are fish from calcium-rich water. We further highlight the importance of studying functional traits, such as scales, in their natural setting as opposed to only laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alison M. Derry
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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27
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Paccard A, Hanson D, Stuart YE, von Hippel FA, Kalbe M, Klepaker T, Skúlason S, Kristjánsson BK, Bolnick DI, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Repeatability of Adaptive Radiation Depends on Spatial Scale: Regional Versus Global Replicates of Stickleback in Lake Versus Stream Habitats. J Hered 2021; 111:43-56. [PMID: 31690947 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The repeatability of adaptive radiation is expected to be scale-dependent, with determinism decreasing as greater spatial separation among "replicates" leads to their increased genetic and ecological independence. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) provide an opportunity to test whether this expectation holds for the early stages of adaptive radiation-their diversification in freshwater ecosystems has been replicated many times. To better understand the repeatability of that adaptive radiation, we examined the influence of geographic scale on levels of parallel evolution by quantifying phenotypic and genetic divergence between lake and stream stickleback pairs sampled at regional (Vancouver Island) and global (North America and Europe) scales. We measured phenotypes known to show lake-stream divergence and used reduced representation genome-wide sequencing to estimate genetic divergence. We assessed the scale dependence of parallel evolution by comparing effect sizes from multivariate models and also the direction and magnitude of lake-stream divergence vectors. At the phenotypic level, parallelism was greater at the regional than the global scale. At the genetic level, putative selected loci showed greater lake-stream parallelism at the regional than the global scale. Generally, the level of parallel evolution was low at both scales, except for some key univariate traits. Divergence vectors were often orthogonal, highlighting possible ecological and genetic constraints on parallel evolution at both scales. Overall, our results confirm that the repeatability of adaptive radiation decreases at increasing spatial scales. We suggest that greater environmental heterogeneity at larger scales imposes different selection regimes, thus generating lower repeatability of adaptive radiation at larger spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Paccard
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dieta Hanson
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoel E Stuart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Martin Kalbe
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Tom Klepaker
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Skúli Skúlason
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Bjarni K Kristjánsson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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28
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de Lira JJPR, Yan Y, Levasseur S, Kelly CD, Hendry AP. The complex ecology of genitalia: Gonopodium length and allometry in the Trinidadian guppy. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4564-4576. [PMID: 33976831 PMCID: PMC8093694 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Male genitalia present an extraordinary pattern of rapid divergence in animals with internal fertilization, which is usually attributed to sexual selection. However, the effect of ecological factors on genitalia divergence could also be important, especially so in animals with nonretractable genitalia because of their stronger interaction with the surrounding environment in comparison with animals with retractable genitalia. Here, we examine the potential of a pervasive ecological factor (predation) to influence the length and allometry of the male genitalia in guppies. We sampled guppies from pairs of low-predation (LP) and high-predation (HP) populations in seven rivers in Trinidad, and measured their body and gonopodium length. A key finding was that HP adult males do not have consistently longer gonopodia than do LP adult males, as had been described in previous work. However, we did find such divergence for juvenile males: HP juveniles have longer gonopodia than do LP juveniles. We therefore suggest that an evolutionary trend toward the development of longer gonopodia in HP males (as seen in the juveniles) is erased after maturity owing to the higher mortality of mature males with longer gonopodia. Beyond these generalities, gonopodium length and gonopodium allometry were remarkably variable among populations even within a predation regime, thus indicating strong context dependence to their development/evolution. Our findings highlight the complex dynamics of genitalia evolution in Trinidadian guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Yan
- Department of Biology and Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sophie Levasseur
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Clint D. Kelly
- Pavillon des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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29
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Garcia-Elfring A, Paccard A, Thurman TJ, Wasserman BA, Palkovacs EP, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Using seasonal genomic changes to understand historical adaptation to new environments: Parallel selection on stickleback in highly-variable estuaries. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2054-2064. [PMID: 33713378 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parallel evolution is considered strong evidence for natural selection. However, few studies have investigated the process of parallel selection as it plays out in real time. The common approach is to study historical signatures of selection in populations already well adapted to different environments. Here, to document selection under natural conditions, we study six populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) inhabiting bar-built estuaries that undergo seasonal cycles of environmental changes. Estuaries are periodically isolated from the ocean due to sandbar formation during dry summer months, with concurrent environmental shifts that resemble the long-term changes associated with postglacial colonization of freshwater habitats by marine populations. We used pooled whole-genome sequencing to track seasonal allele frequency changes in six of these populations and search for signatures of natural selection. We found consistent changes in allele frequency across estuaries, suggesting a potential role for parallel selection. Functional enrichment among candidate genes included transmembrane ion transport and calcium binding, which are important for osmoregulation and ion balance. The genomic changes that occur in threespine stickleback from bar-built estuaries could provide a glimpse into the early stages of adaptation that have occurred in many historical marine to freshwater transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Garcia-Elfring
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Paccard
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Genome Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Thurman
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ben A Wasserman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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30
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Blondel L, Paterson IG, Bentzen P, Hendry AP. Resistance and resilience of genetic and phenotypic diversity to "black swan" flood events: A retrospective analysis with historical samples of guppies. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1017-1028. [PMID: 33346935 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare extreme "black swan" disturbances can impact ecosystems in many ways, such as destroying habitats, depleting resources, and causing high mortality. In rivers, for instance, exceptional floods that occur infrequently (e.g., so-called "50-year floods") can strongly impact the abundance of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Beyond such ecological effects, these floods could also impact intraspecific diversity by elevating genetic drift or dispersal and by imposing strong selection, which could then influence the population's ability to recover from disturbance. And yet, natural systems might be resistant (show little change) or resilient (show rapid recovery) even to rare extreme events - perhaps as a result of selection due to past events. We considered these possibilities in two rivers where native guppies experienced two extreme floods - one in 2005 and another in 2016. For each river, we selected four sites and used archived "historical" samples to compare levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity before vs. after floods. Genetic diversity was represented by 33 neutral microsatellite markers, and phenotypic diversity was represented by body length and male melanic (black) colour. We found that genetic diversity and population structure was mostly "resistant" to even these extreme floods; whereas the larger impacts on phenotypic diversity were short-lived, suggesting additional "resilience". We discuss the determinants of these two outcomes for guppies facing floods, and then consider the general implications for the resistance and resilience of intraspecific variation to black swan disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Blondel
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian G Paterson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Des Roches S, Brans KI, Lambert MR, Rivkin LR, Savage AM, Schell CJ, Correa C, De Meester L, Diamond SE, Grimm NB, Harris NC, Govaert L, Hendry AP, Johnson MTJ, Munshi‐South J, Palkovacs EP, Szulkin M, Urban MC, Verrelli BC, Alberti M. Socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics in cities. Evol Appl 2021; 14:248-267. [PMID: 33519968 PMCID: PMC7819562 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between nature and human society. Characteristics of human society-including culture, economics, technology and politics-underlie social patterns and activity, creating a heterogeneous environment that can influence and be influenced by both ecological and evolutionary processes. Increasing research on urban ecology and evolutionary biology has coincided with growing interest in eco-evolutionary dynamics, which encompasses the interactions and reciprocal feedbacks between evolution and ecology. Research on both urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics frequently focuses on contemporary evolution of species that have potentially substantial ecological-and even social-significance. Still, little work fully integrates urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics, and rarely do researchers in either of these fields fully consider the role of human social patterns and processes. Because cities are fundamentally regulated by human activities, are inherently interconnected and are frequently undergoing social and economic transformation, they represent an opportunity for ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study urban "socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics." Through this new framework, we encourage researchers of urban ecology and evolution to fully integrate human social drivers and feedbacks to increase understanding and conservation of ecosystems, their functions and their contributions to people within and outside cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Des Roches
- Department of Urban Design and PlanningUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Department of BiologyLaboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Max R. Lambert
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - L. Ruth Rivkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Urban EnvironmentsUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Amy Marie Savage
- Department of BiologyCenter for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNJUSA
| | - Christopher J. Schell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and SciencesUniversity of Washington TacomaTacomaWAUSA
| | - Cristian Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos NaturalesInstituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y TerritorioUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Centro de Humedales Río CrucesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Luc De Meester
- Department of BiologyLaboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Institute of BiologyFreie UniversitätBerlinGermany
- Leibniz Institut für Gewasserökologie und BinnenfischereiBerlinGermany
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Nancy B. Grimm
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nyeema C. Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDuebendorfSwitzerland
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyRedpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marc T. J. Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Urban EnvironmentsUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Jason Munshi‐South
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder CenterFordham UniversityArmonkNYUSA
| | - Eric P. Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Center of Biological Risk and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Brian C. Verrelli
- Center for Life Sciences EducationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and PlanningUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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32
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Labonne J, Manicki A, Chevalier L, Tétillon M, Guéraud F, Hendry AP. Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010005. [PMID: 33374534 PMCID: PMC7822186 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Labonne
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Aurélie Manicki
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Louise Chevalier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Marin Tétillon
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - François Guéraud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.P.H.)
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Haines GE, Stuart YE, Hanson D, Tasneem T, Bolnick DI, Larsson HCE, Hendry AP. Adding the third dimension to studies of parallel evolution of morphology and function: An exploration based on parapatric lake-stream stickleback. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13297-13311. [PMID: 33304538 PMCID: PMC7713967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have led to a rapid expansion of evolutionary studies employing three-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM). GM methods generally enable researchers to capture and compare complex shape phenotypes, and to quantify their relationship to environmental gradients. However, some recent studies have shown that the common, inexpensive, and relatively rapid two-dimensional GM methods can distort important information and produce misleading results because they cannot capture variation in the depth (Z) dimension. We use micro-CT scanned threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758) from six parapatric lake-stream populations on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to test whether the loss of the depth dimension in 2D GM studies results in misleading interpretations of parallel evolution. Using joint locations described with 2D or 3D landmarks, we compare results from separate 2D and 3D shape spaces, from a combined 2D-3D shape space, and from estimates of biomechanical function. We show that, although shape is distorted enough in 2D projections to strongly influence the interpretation of morphological parallelism, estimates of biomechanical function are relatively robust to the loss of the Z dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Haines
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Dieta Hanson
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Tania Tasneem
- Kealing Middle SchoolAustin Independent School DistrictAustinTXUSA
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Hans C. E. Larsson
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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Abstract
The 2019 United Nations Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services estimated that approximately 1 million species are at risk of extinction. This primarily human-driven loss of biodiversity has unprecedented negative consequences for ecosystems and people. Classic and emerging approaches in genetics and genomics have the potential to dramatically improve these outcomes. In particular, the study of interactions among genetic loci within and between species will play a critical role in understanding the adaptive potential of species and communities, and hence their direct and indirect effects on biodiversity, ecosystems and people. We explore these population and community genomic contexts in the hope of finding solutions for maintaining and improving ecosystem services and nature's contributions to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Stange
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wasserman BA, Paccard A, Apgar TM, Des Roches S, Barrett RDH, Hendry AP, Palkovacs EP. Ecosystem size shapes antipredator trait evolution in estuarine threespine stickleback. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Wasserman
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Travis M. Apgar
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Simone Des Roches
- Dept of Urban Design and Planning, Univ. of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Dept of Biology, McGill Univ. Montreal QC Canada
| | - Eric P. Palkovacs
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California Santa Cruz CA USA
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36
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Hendry AP, Kinnison MT. Contemporary Evolution. Evol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The term “contemporary evolution” is typically used in reference to ongoing or recent genetically based (heritable) phenotypic changes taking place in wild populations. In some cases, the genetic and genomic basis for these phenotypic changes can be identified and documented. Contemporary evolution is most apparent when organisms experience dramatic environmental changes, especially due to human causes such as commercial fisheries, climate change, pollution, or urbanization. Contemporary evolution then influences a number of evolutionary and ecological processes, such as ecological speciation, population dynamics (including evolutionary rescue), community structure, and ecosystem function. As a result, contemporary evolution has important applications in conservation biology, environmental sciences, and sustainability science.
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Alberti M, Palkovacs E, Roches S, Meester L, Brans K, Govaert L, Grimm NB, Harris NC, Hendry AP, Schell CJ, Szulkin M, Munshi-South J, Urban MC, Verrelli BC. The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter the eco-evolutionary play by simultaneously changing both the actors and the stage on which the eco-evolutionary play takes place. Urbanization modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, ecological networks, food webs, species diversity, and species composition. These environmental changes can lead to changes in phenotypic, genetic, and cultural makeup of wild populations that have important consequences for ecosystem function and the essential services that nature provides to human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, food production, and water and air purification. Understanding and monitoring urbanization-induced evolutionary changes is important to inform strategies to achieve sustainability. In the present article, we propose that understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization of urbanizing regions as rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human–natural systems. We explore how the emergent properties of urbanization affect eco-evolutionary dynamics across space and time. We identify five key urban drivers of change—habitat modification, connectivity, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, and biotic interactions—and highlight the direct consequences of urbanization-driven eco-evolutionary change for nature's contributions to people. Then, we explore five emerging complexities—landscape complexity, urban discontinuities, socio-ecological heterogeneity, cross-scale interactions, legacies and time lags—that need to be tackled in future research. We propose that the evolving metacommunity concept provides a powerful framework to study urban eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | | | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, Berlin, Germany, and with the Institute of Biology at Freie Universität Berlin, also in Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Evolution, and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; with the Department of Aquatic Ecology, in the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, in Dübendorf, Switzerland; and with the University Research Priority Programme on Global Change and Biodiversity at the University of Zurich, in Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nyeema C Harris
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher J Schell
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington
| | | | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, New York
| | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Life Sciences Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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38
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Oke KB, Cunningham CJ, Westley PAH, Baskett ML, Carlson SM, Clark J, Hendry AP, Karatayev VA, Kendall NW, Kibele J, Kindsvater HK, Kobayashi KM, Lewis B, Munch S, Reynolds JD, Vick GK, Palkovacs EP. Recent declines in salmon body size impact ecosystems and fisheries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4155. [PMID: 32814776 PMCID: PMC7438488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in animal body sizes are widely reported and likely impact ecological interactions and ecosystem services. For harvested species subject to multiple stressors, limited understanding of the causes and consequences of size declines impedes prediction, prevention, and mitigation. We highlight widespread declines in Pacific salmon size based on 60 years of measurements from 12.5 million fish across Alaska, the last largely pristine North American salmon-producing region. Declines in salmon size, primarily resulting from shifting age structure, are associated with climate and competition at sea. Compared to salmon maturing before 1990, the reduced size of adult salmon after 2010 has potentially resulted in substantial losses to ecosystems and people; for Chinook salmon we estimated average per-fish reductions in egg production (-16%), nutrient transport (-28%), fisheries value (-21%), and meals for rural people (-26%). Downsizing of organisms is a global concern, and current trends may pose substantial risks for nature and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Oke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA.
| | - C J Cunningham
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science & Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - P A H Westley
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
| | - M L Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - S M Carlson
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J Clark
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - A P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - V A Karatayev
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - N W Kendall
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, 98501, USA
| | - J Kibele
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - H K Kindsvater
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - K M Kobayashi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - B Lewis
- Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - S Munch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - J D Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - G K Vick
- GKV & Sons, Contracting to Tanana Chiefs Conference, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA
| | - E P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camacho
- Dept of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana – CSIC Seville Spain
- Dept of Biology, Centre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove). Lund Univ. Ecology Building SE‐223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Dept of Biology, McGill Univ. Montréal QC Canada
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40
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Gillespie RG, Bennett GM, De Meester L, Feder JL, Fleischer RC, Harmon LJ, Hendry AP, Knope ML, Mallet J, Martin C, Parent CE, Patton AH, Pfennig KS, Rubinoff D, Schluter D, Seehausen O, Shaw KL, Stacy E, Stervander M, Stroud JT, Wagner C, Wogan GOU. Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa. J Hered 2020; 111:1-20. [PMID: 31958131 PMCID: PMC7931853 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalities among disparate examples, ranging from plants to invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and remote islands to lakes and continents, to better understand processes shared across adaptive radiations. We surveyed many groups to evaluate factors considered important in a large variety of species radiations. In each of these studies, ecological opportunity of some form is identified as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. However, evolvability, which can be enhanced by hybridization between distantly related species, may play a role in seeding entire radiations. Within radiations, the processes that lead to speciation depend largely on (1) whether the primary drivers of ecological shifts are (a) external to the membership of the radiation itself (mostly divergent or disruptive ecological selection) or (b) due to competition within the radiation membership (interactions among members) subsequent to reproductive isolation in similar environments, and (2) the extent and timing of admixture. These differences translate into different patterns of species accumulation and subsequent patterns of diversity across an adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations occur in an extraordinary diversity of different ways, and continue to provide rich data for a better understanding of the diversification of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- University of California, Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
| | - Gordon M Bennett
- University of California Merced, Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, Merced, CA
| | - Luc De Meester
- University of Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belguim
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Luke J Harmon
- University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Moscow, ID
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Martin
- University of California Berkeley, Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Austin H Patton
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, BE, Switzerland
- Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, LU, Switzerland
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Cornell University, Neurobiology and Behavior, Tower Road,, Ithaca, NY
| | - Elizabeth Stacy
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Martin Stervander
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Eugene, OR
| | - James T Stroud
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Biology, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Guinevere O U Wogan
- University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
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41
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Beausoleil MO, Frishkoff LO, M'Gonigle LK, Raeymaekers JAM, Knutie SA, De León LF, Huber SK, Chaves JA, Clayton DH, Koop JAH, Podos J, Sharpe DMT, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Temporally varying disruptive selection in the medium ground finch ( Geospiza fortis). Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192290. [PMID: 31795872 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptive natural selection within populations exploiting different resources is considered to be a major driver of adaptive radiation and the production of biodiversity. Fitness functions, which describe the relationships between trait variation and fitness, can help to illuminate how this disruptive selection leads to population differentiation. However, a single fitness function represents only a particular selection regime over a single specified time period (often a single season or a year), and therefore might not capture longer-term dynamics. Here, we build a series of annual fitness functions that quantify the relationships between phenotype and apparent survival. These functions are based on a 9-year mark-recapture dataset of over 600 medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) within a population bimodal for beak size. We then relate changes in the shape of these functions to climate variables. We find that disruptive selection between small and large beak morphotypes, as reported previously for 2 years, is present throughout the study period, but that the intensity of this selection varies in association with the harshness of environment. In particular, we find that disruptive selection was strongest when precipitation was high during the dry season of the previous year. Our results shed light on climatic factors associated with disruptive selection in Darwin's finches, and highlight the role of temporally varying fitness functions in modulating the extent of population differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Beausoleil
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C4
| | - Luke O Frishkoff
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panama
| | - Sarah K Huber
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Jaime A Chaves
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Galápagos Science Center, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, 84112 UT, USA
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Jeffrey Podos
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 221 Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C4
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C4
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42
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Carvajal‐Endara S, Hendry AP, Emery NC, Neu CP, Carmona D, Gotanda KM, Davies TJ, Chaves JA, Johnson MTJ. The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches onTribulus cistoideson the Galápagos Islands. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Carvajal‐Endara
- Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Montréal H3A 1B1 Quebec Canada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Montréal H3A 1B1 Quebec Canada
- Redpath Museum McGill University 859 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal H3A 0C4 Quebec Canada
| | - Nancy C. Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309‐0334 USA
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309‐0427 USA
| | - Diego Carmona
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Kiyoko M. Gotanda
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield Montréal H3A 1B1 Quebec Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre Departments of Botany, Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
| | - Jaime A. Chaves
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales ‐ Extensión Galápagos Universidad San Francisco de Quito Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17‐1200‐841 Quito Ecuador
| | - Marc T. J. Johnson
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada
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43
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Leigh DM, Hendry AP, Vázquez‐Domínguez E, Friesen VL. Estimated six per cent loss of genetic variation in wild populations since the industrial revolution. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1505-1512. [PMID: 31462910 PMCID: PMC6708419 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is fundamental to population fitness and adaptation to environmental change. Human activities are driving declines in many wild populations and could have similar effects on genetic variation. Despite the importance of estimating such declines, no global estimate of the magnitude of ongoing genetic variation loss has been conducted across species. By combining studies that quantified recent changes in genetic variation across a mean of 27 generations for 91 species, we conservatively estimate a 5.4%-6.5% decline in within-population genetic diversity of wild organisms since the industrial revolution. This loss has been most severe for island species, which show a 27.6% average decline. We identified taxonomic and geographical gaps in temporal studies that must be urgently addressed. Our results are consistent with single time-point meta-analyses, which indicated that genetic variation is likely declining. However, our results represent the first confirmation of a global decline and provide an estimate of the magnitude of the genetic variation lost from wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Leigh
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
- Redpath Museum, McGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Ella Vázquez‐Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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44
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De León LF, Sharpe DMT, Gotanda KM, Raeymaekers JAM, Chaves JA, Hendry AP, Podos J. Urbanization erodes niche segregation in Darwin's finches. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1329-1343. [PMID: 31417618 PMCID: PMC6691225 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is influencing patterns of biological evolution in ways that are only beginning to be explored. One potential effect of urbanization is in modifying ecological resource distributions that underlie niche differences and that thus promote and maintain species diversification. Few studies have assessed such modifications, or their potential evolutionary consequences, in the context of ongoing adaptive radiation. We study this effect in Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands, by quantifying feeding preferences and diet niche partitioning across sites with different degrees of urbanization. We found higher finch density in urban sites and that feeding preferences and diets at urban sites skew heavily toward human food items. Furthermore, we show that finches at urban sites appear to be accustomed to the presence of people, compared with birds at sites with few people. In addition, we found that human behavior via the tendency to feed birds at non-urban but tourist sites is likely an important driver of finch preferences for human foods. Site differences in diet and feeding behavior have resulted in larger niche breadth within finch species and wider niche overlap between species at the urban sites. Both factors effectively minimize niche differences that would otherwise facilitate interspecies coexistence. These findings suggest that both human behavior and ongoing urbanization in Galápagos are starting to erode ecological differences that promote and maintain adaptive radiation in Darwin's finches. Smoothing of adaptive landscapes underlying diversification represents a potentially important yet underappreciated consequence of urbanization. Overall, our findings accentuate the fragility of the initial stages of adaptive radiation in Darwin's finches and raise concerns about the fate of the Galápagos ecosystems in the face of increasing urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. De León
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusetts
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)Panamá CityPanamá
| | - Diana M. T. Sharpe
- Redpath Museum, Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Kiyoko M. Gotanda
- Redpath Museum, Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joost A. M. Raeymaekers
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jaime A. Chaves
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y PampiteQuitoEcuador
- Galápagos Science CenterPuerto Baquerizo MorenoGalápagosEcuador
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum, Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Jeffrey Podos
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusetts
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45
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Geladi I, De León LF, Torchin ME, Hendry AP, González R, Sharpe DM. 100-year time series reveal little morphological change following impoundment and predator invasion in two Neotropical characids. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1385-1401. [PMID: 31417622 PMCID: PMC6691216 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide, often resulting in shifts in selection regimes. In response, natural populations sometimes undergo rapid phenotypic changes, which, if adaptive, can increase their probability of persistence. However, in many instances, populations fail to undergo any phenotypic change, which might indicate a variety of possibilities, including maladaptation. In freshwater ecosystems, the impoundment of rivers and the introduction of exotic species are among the leading threats to native fishes. We examined how the construction of the Panama Canal, which formed Lake Gatun, and the subsequent invasion of the predatory Cichla monoculus influenced the morphology of two native fishes: Astyanax ruberrimus and Roeboides spp. Using a 100-year time series, we studied variation in overall body shape over time (before vs. after impoundment and invasion) as well as across space (between an invaded and an uninvaded reservoir). In addition, we examined variation in linear morphological traits associated with swim performance and predator detection/avoidance. Notwithstanding a few significant changes in particular traits in particular comparisons, we found only limited evidence for morphological change associated with these two stressors. Most observed changes were subtle, and tended to be site- and species-specific. The lack of a strong morphological response to these stressors, coupled with dramatic population declines in both species, suggests they may be maladapted to the anthropogenically perturbed environment of Lake Gatun, but direct measures of fitness would be needed to test this. In general, our results suggest that morphological responses to anthropogenic disturbances can be very limited and, when they do occur, are often complex and context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Geladi
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Luis Fernando De León
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusetts
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Mark E. Torchin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Rigoberto González
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Diana M.T. Sharpe
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa, Ancon, PanamaRepublic of Panama
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46
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Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Angert AL, Gonzalez A, Barrett RD, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Guichard F, Lamy T, McAdam AG, Newman AE, Paccard A, Rolshausen G, Simons AM, Hendry AP. Causes of maladaptation. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1229-1242. [PMID: 31417611 PMCID: PMC6691215 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation-based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts - where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Brady
- Biology DepartmentSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Rowan D.H. Barrett
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Erika Crispo
- Department of BiologyPace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Alison M. Derry
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | | | - Gregor F. Fussmann
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Frederic Guichard
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Thomas Lamy
- Département de sciences biologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Marine Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Andrew G. McAdam
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Amy E.M. Newman
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | | | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
- Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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47
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Oke KB, Cunningham CJ, Quinn TP, Hendry AP. Independent lineages in a common environment: the roles of determinism and contingency in shaping the migration timing of even- versus odd-year pink salmon over broad spatial and temporal scales. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1547-1556. [PMID: 31290586 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of parallel evolution are seldom able to disentangle the influence of cryptic environmental variation from that of evolutionary history; whereas the unique life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) presents an opportunity to do so. All pink salmon mature at age two and die after breeding. Hence, pink salmon bred in even years are completely reproductively isolated from those bred in odd years, even if the two lineages bred in same location. We used time series (mean = 7 years, maximum = 74 years) of paired even- and odd-year populations from 36 rivers spanning over 2000 km to explore parallelism in migration timing, a trait with a strong genetic basis. Migration timing was highly parallel, being determined almost entirely by local environmental differences among rivers. Interestingly, interannual changes in migration timing different somewhat between lineages. Overall, our findings indicate very strong determinism, with only a minor contribution of contingency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista B Oke
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Curry J Cunningham
- Fisheries, Aquatic Science & Technology Laboratory, Alaska Pacific University, 4101 University Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
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48
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Côte J, Boniface A, Blanchet S, Hendry AP, Gasparini J, Jacquin L. Melanin-based coloration and host-parasite interactions under global change. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0285. [PMID: 29848644 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of parasites in shaping melanin-based colour polymorphism, and the consequences of colour polymorphism for disease resistance, remain debated. Here we review recent evidence of the links between melanin-based coloration and the behavioural and immunological defences of vertebrates against their parasites. First we propose that (1) differences between colour morphs can result in variable exposure to parasites, either directly (certain colours might be more or less attractive to parasites) or indirectly (variations in behaviour and encounter probability). Once infected, we propose that (2) immune variation between differently coloured individuals might result in different abilities to cope with parasite infection. We then discuss (3) how these different abilities could translate into variable sexual and natural selection in environments varying in parasite pressure. Finally, we address (4) the potential role of parasites in the maintenance of melanin-based colour polymorphism, especially in the context of global change and multiple stressors in human-altered environments. Because global change will probably affect both coloration and the spread of parasitic diseases in the decades to come, future studies should take into account melanin-based coloration to better predict the evolutionary responses of animals to changing disease risk in human-altered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Côte
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, UPS; CNRS; ENSFEA; IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A Boniface
- Department of Biology & Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Blanchet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale SETE, UMR 5321, UPS, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - A P Hendry
- Department of Biology & Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Gasparini
- Sorbonnes Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L Jacquin
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, UPS; CNRS; ENSFEA; IRD, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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49
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Blondel L, Baillie L, Quinton J, Alemu JB, Paterson I, Hendry AP, Bentzen P. Evidence for contemporary and historical gene flow between guppy populations in different watersheds, with a test for associations with adaptive traits. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4504-4517. [PMID: 31031923 PMCID: PMC6476793 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In dendritic river systems, gene flow is expected to occur primarily within watersheds. Yet, rare cross-watershed transfers can also occur, whether mediated by (often historical) geological events or (often contemporary) human activities. We explored these events and their potential evolutionary consequences by analyzing patterns of neutral genetic variation (microsatellites) and adaptive phenotypic variation (male color) in wild guppies (Poecilia reticulata) distributed across two watersheds in northern Trinidad. We found the expected signatures of within-watershed gene flow; yet we also inferred at least two instances of cross-watershed gene flow-one in the upstream reaches and one further downstream. The upstream cross-watershed event appears to be very recent (41 ± 13 years), suggesting dispersal via recent flooding or undocumented human-mediated transport. The downstream cross-watershed event appears to be considerably older (577 ± 265 years), suggesting a role for rare geological or climatological events. Alongside these strong signatures of both contemporary and historical gene flow, we found little evidence of impacts on presumably adaptive phenotypic differentiation, except perhaps in the one instance of very recent cross-watershed gene flow. Selection in this system seems to overpower gene flow-at least on the spatiotemporal scales investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Blondel
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Lyndsey Baillie
- University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jessica Quinton
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Jahson B. Alemu
- Department of Life SciencesThe University of the West IndiesSt. AugustineTrinidad and Tobago
| | - Ian Paterson
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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50
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Rivkin LR, Santangelo JS, Alberti M, Aronson MFJ, de Keyzer CW, Diamond SE, Fortin M, Frazee LJ, Gorton AJ, Hendry AP, Liu Y, Losos JB, MacIvor JS, Martin RA, McDonnell MJ, Miles LS, Munshi‐South J, Ness RW, Newman AEM, Stothart MR, Theodorou P, Thompson KA, Verrelli BC, Whitehead A, Winchell KM, Johnson MTJ. A roadmap for urban evolutionary ecology. Evol Appl 2019; 12:384-398. [PMID: 30828362 PMCID: PMC6383741 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban ecosystems are rapidly expanding throughout the world, but how urban growth affects the evolutionary ecology of species living in urban areas remains largely unknown. Urban ecology has advanced our understanding of how the development of cities and towns change environmental conditions and alter ecological processes and patterns. However, despite decades of research in urban ecology, the extent to which urbanization influences evolutionary and eco-evolutionary change has received little attention. The nascent field of urban evolutionary ecology seeks to understand how urbanization affects the evolution of populations, and how those evolutionary changes in turn influence the ecological dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Following a brief history of this emerging field, this Perspective article provides a research agenda and roadmap for future research aimed at advancing our understanding of the interplay between ecology and evolution of urban-dwelling organisms. We identify six key questions that, if addressed, would significantly increase our understanding of how urbanization influences evolutionary processes. These questions consider how urbanization affects nonadaptive evolution, natural selection, and convergent evolution, in addition to the role of urban environmental heterogeneity on species evolution, and the roles of phenotypic plasticity versus adaptation on species' abundance in cities. Our final question examines the impact of urbanization on evolutionary diversification. For each of these six questions, we suggest avenues for future research that will help advance the field of urban evolutionary ecology. Lastly, we highlight the importance of integrating urban evolutionary ecology into urban planning, conservation practice, pest management, and public engagement.
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