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Beausoleil MO, Carrión PL, Podos J, Camacho C, Rabadán-González J, Richard R, Lalla K, Raeymaekers JAM, Knutie SA, De León LF, Chaves JA, Clayton DH, Koop JAH, Sharpe DMT, Gotanda KM, Huber SK, Barrett RDH, Hendry AP. The fitness landscape of a community of Darwin's finches. Evolution 2023; 77:2533-2546. [PMID: 37671423 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Divergent natural selection should lead to adaptive radiation-that is, the rapid evolution of phenotypic and ecological diversity originating from a single clade. The drivers of adaptive radiation have often been conceptualized through the concept of "adaptive landscapes," yet formal empirical estimates of adaptive landscapes for natural adaptive radiations have proven elusive. Here, we use a 17-year dataset of Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza spp.) at an intensively studied site on Santa Cruz (Galápagos) to estimate individual apparent lifespan in relation to beak traits. We use these estimates to model a multi-species fitness landscape, which we also convert to a formal adaptive landscape. We then assess the correspondence between estimated fitness peaks and observed phenotypes for each of five phenotypic modes (G. fuliginosa, G. fortis [small and large morphotypes], G. magnirostris, and G. scandens). The fitness and adaptive landscapes show 5 and 4 peaks, respectively, and, as expected, the adaptive landscape was smoother than the fitness landscape. Each of the five phenotypic modes appeared reasonably close to the corresponding fitness peak, yet interesting deviations were also documented and examined. By estimating adaptive landscapes in an ongoing adaptive radiation, our study demonstrates their utility as a quantitative tool for exploring and predicting adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Lorena Carrión
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Podos
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Roxanne Richard
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kristen Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Luis F De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jaime A Chaves
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah K Huber
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Rowan D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Talvas J, Norgieux C, Burban E, Giraudet C, Patrac V, Salles J, Rigaudière JP, Capel F, le Bacquer O, Ouchchane L, Richard R, Walrand S. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to overtraining syndrome in excessive trained C57BL/6 mice. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2149-2165. [PMID: 37452567 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Overtraining syndrome is a condition resulting from excessive training load associated with inadequate recovery and poor sleep quality, leading to performance decrements and fatigue. Here we hypothesized that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is a lead factor in the development of the overtraining syndrome. To test this hypothesis, two groups of 60-week-old C57BL/6 mice followed a 16-week excessive eccentric-based overtraining by excessive downhill running with or without dietary VitD depletion (EX and EX-D- groups). Two control groups were trained by uphill running at the same load with or without VitD depletion (CX and CX-D- groups). Handgrip strength decreased throughout the protocol for all groups but the decrease was sharper in EX-D- group (VitD × training, p = 0.0427). At the end of the protocol, the mass of Triceps brachii muscle, which is heavily stressed by eccentric contractions, was reduced in eccentric-trained groups (training effect, p = 0.0107). This atrophy was associated with a lower concentration of the anabolic myokine IL-15 (training effect, p = 0.0314) and a tendency to a higher expression of the atrogene cathepsin-L (training effect, p = 0.0628). VitD depletion led to a 50% decrease of the fractional protein synthesis rate in this muscle (VitD effect, p = 0.0004) as well as decreased FGF21 (VitD effect, p = 0.0351) and increased osteocrin (VitD effect, p = 0.038) concentrations that would lead to metabolic defects. Moreover, the proportion of anti-inflammatory Th2 lymphocytes was significantly decreased by the combination of eccentric training with VitD depletion (vitD × training, p = 0.0249) suggesting a systemic inflammation. Finally, exploratory behavior time of mice was decreased by VitD depletion (VitD effect, p = 0.0146) suggesting a cognitive dysfunction. Our results suggest that VitD deficiency exacerbates the effects of overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Talvas
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Norgieux
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Burban
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Giraudet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V Patrac
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Salles
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J-P Rigaudière
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O le Bacquer
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Ouchchane
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics and Medical Computing Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Richard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Walrand
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR 1019 INRAE/UCA, CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Beausoleil M, Camacho C, Rabadán‐González J, Lalla K, Richard R, Carrion‐Avilés P, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Where did the finch go? Insights from radio telemetry of the medium ground finch (
Geospiza fortis
). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8768. [PMID: 35494501 PMCID: PMC9039628 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement patterns and habitat selection of animals have important implications for ecology and evolution. Darwin's finches are a classic model system for ecological and evolutionary studies, yet their spatial ecology remains poorly studied. We tagged and radio‐tracked five (three females, two males) medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) to examine the feasibility of telemetry for understanding their movement and habitat use. Based on 143 locations collected during a 3‐week period, we analyzed for the first time home‐range size and habitat selection patterns of finches at El Garrapatero, an arid coastal ecosystem on Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos). The average 95% home range and 50% core area for G. fortis in the breeding season was 20.54 ha ± 4.04 ha SE and 4.03 ha ± 1.11 ha SE, respectively. For most of the finches, their home range covered a diverse set of habitats. Three finches positively selected the dry‐forest habitat, while the other habitats seemed to be either negatively selected or simply neglected by the finches. In addition, we noted a communal roosting behavior in an area close to the ocean, where the vegetation is greener and denser than the more inland dry‐forest vegetation. We show that telemetry on Darwin's finches provides valuable data to understand the movement ecology of the species. Based on our results, we propose a series of questions about the ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches that can be addressed using telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología—CSIC Jaca Spain
- Department of Biology Centre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove) Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Kristen Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Sainte‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
| | - Roxanne Richard
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
| | - Rowan D. H. Barrett
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada
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Eschalier R, Clerfond G, Boirie Y, Pailleret T, Mulliez A, Combaret N, Souteyrand G, Pereira B, Jean F, Citron B, Richard R, Motreff P, Rossignol P, Massoullie G. Sarcopenia represents a very frequent comorbity in TAVI patients. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Julian V, Thivel D, Miguet M, Pereira B, Touron J, Boirie Y, Costes F, Coudeyre E, Duclos M, Richard R. Impact d’un programme d’entraînement en mode excentrique dynamique sur la composition corporelle de l’adolescent en surpoids et obèse. NUTR CLIN METAB 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reynaud V, Richard R, Caillaud D, Greil A, Pereira B, Coudeyre E, Costes F. Validation of a simple test, the Timed Up and Go test, to assess the risk of falling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sandberg BN, Hunt CW, Doumit ME, Richard R, Murdoch GK. 358 Effects of rumen protected–histidine supplementation dose on finishing beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Serghiou M, Niszczak J, Parry I, Richard R. Clinical practice recommendations for positioning of the burn patient. Burns 2016; 42:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stalter A, Lanot N, Bridon G, Julian V, Péreira B, Richard R. [Validation during exercise of a new device for cardiac output measurement using pulse wave transit time (comparison EsCCO(®) vs. Physioflow(®))]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2016; 65:1-6. [PMID: 25704727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EsCCO is a novel non-invasive continuous cardiac output monitoring system based on pulse wave transit time already validated at rest. The aim of our study was to compare cardiac output measurements obtained simultaneously by EsCCO(®) (Q˙cOP) and impedance cardiography (Physioflow(®) ; Q˙cIMP), in healthy subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight healthy subjects (age: 31±9 years, weight: 76±10kg, height: 179±5cm) realized two exercise tests: an incremental ergocycle test performed until exertion (Pmax=269±48W) and a constant load exercise (P=163±27W). Comparison between measurements (Q˙cOP versus Q˙cIMP) obtained during the first test allowed to evaluate the accuracy of the device. Reliability was determined on three repeated measures during the second test, realized at ventilatory threshold. RESULTS Correlation coefficient between both methods is 0.88 (P<0.01). Mean difference is 0.04±1.49L/min (95 % limits of agreement: +2.94 to -3.00L/min) and only 3/74 measures are not included between the limits of agreement. At high intensity and for cardiac output over than 15 L/min, Q˙cOP signal is lost in almost half the time. Concerning reliability, reproducibility coefficient is 0.87 (P<0.05), only 1.8 % of this variability is due to the method. CONCLUSION EsCCO(®) measurements are accurate, reliable and allow a good estimation of cardiac output on healthy subjects. The signal lost observed for high cardiac output levels (>15L/min) can limit its utilization during very high intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stalter
- Service de médecine du sport et des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital G.-Montpied, CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Lanot
- Service de médecine du sport et des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital G.-Montpied, CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France
| | - G Bridon
- Service de médecine du sport et des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital G.-Montpied, CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France
| | - V Julian
- Service de médecine du sport et des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital G.-Montpied, CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France
| | - B Péreira
- Unité de biostatistiques (DRCI), CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Richard
- Service de médecine du sport et des explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital G.-Montpied, CHRU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Laurent H, Aubreton S, Richard R, Gorce Y, Caron E, Vallat A, Davin A, Constantin J, Coudeyre E. Tolerance of very early exercise in intensive care unit based on a decisional algorithm: A pilot feasibility study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lechauve J, Perrault H, Aguilaniu B, Isner-Horobeti M, Martin V, Coudeyre E, Richard R. Breathing patterns during eccentric exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 202:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Richard R, Marcotte D. [The temporal relationship between anxiety and depression during the school transition between primary and high-school]. Sante Ment Que 2014; 38:257-75. [PMID: 24719012 DOI: 10.7202/1023999ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent disorders in the adolescent population. An increase of the prevalence of these disorders is taking place during adolescence, this developmental period being experienced in synchronicity with the high school transition. Also, some studies suggested the existence of a developmental trend between the onset of anxiety and depression. This longitudinal study explored the temporal relationship between anxiety and depression during the transition from primary to high school. GOALS first, this study examined whether the presence of anxiety in grade 6 (Time 1) increases the risk of depression in grade 8 (Time 2). Then a subgroup of comorbid students, who presented anxiety and depression, was compared with a subgroup of anxious ones on the presence of cognitive distortions. It was assessed whether cognitive distortions in the anxious group in Time 1 influenced the development of comorbidity between anxiety and depression in Time 2. METHOD 146 students from 12 public schools, 62 girls and 84 boys (mean = 11.22 years) participated in this study. This sub sample was drowned from a larger sample of 499 students, in a 9 years longitudinal study (2003-2012). Participants completed the questionnaire and were met for an interview at the beginning of each school year. Parents consent was obtained. In Time 1, students were divided into two subgroups, anxious and non-anxious students. At time 2, two subgroups of students were constituted, either anxious or comorbid anxious and depressed students. Depression was controlled at time 1.The Dominic Interactive for Adolescents (Valla, 2000) was used to measure the presence of anxiety and depression. The correlation (.34 to .62) between the three anxiety scales (separation anxiety, generalized anxiety and phobia) allowed to create an unique anxiety score. Cognitive distortions (related to dependence, achievement and self control) were measured by the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (Weisseman & Beck, 1978). RESULTS The hierarchical log linear analyse revealed a tendency between the presence of anxiety in Time 1 and the development of depression in Time 2, only for girls (p=.08), so that 25% of anxious girls at Time 1 became depressive at Time 2, compare to 0% of non anxious girls. For boys, whether anxiety is present or not, the two subgroups presented the same risk to develop depression. Then, results of a Manova analysis revealed that anxious students at time 1 already adopted cognitive distortions related to dependency and to achievement, usually associated with depression. At time 2, the result of the Manova revealed that comorbid students presented more cognitive distortions related to dependency then the anxious students. However, non significant results were found for the longitudinal analyse, which did not supported the existence of a predicting link between the presence of depressogenous cognitive distortions at Time 1 in the anxious subgroup of students and the emergence of comorbidity at Time 2. CONCLUSION The results of the present study testified the importance to prevent depression, especially for anxious school girls. Anxiety seems to have a different role for girls and boys. A trend was observed between the presence of an anxiety disorder in Grade 6 and the development of a depressive disorder 2 years later, among girls only. This result raises the importance to understand the role of anxiety in girls to reduce their risk to develop a depressive disorder. Our results also showed that anxious students in grade 6, already presented cognitive distortions related to dependency and achievement which are associated with depression while comorbid students in the second year of high school presented more cognitive distortions related to dependency only, when they were compared with the anxious group.
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Isner-Horobeti ME, Charton A, Daussin F, Geny B, Dufour SP, Richard R. Microbiopsies versus Bergström needle for skeletal muscle sampling: impact on maximal mitochondrial respiration rate. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:885-9. [PMID: 24449221 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbiopsies are increasingly used as an alternative to the standard Bergström technique for skeletal muscle sampling. The potential impact of these two different procedures on mitochondrial respiration rate is unknown. The objective of this work was to compare microbiopsies versus Bergström procedure on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. METHODS 52 vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained from 13 anesthetized pigs, either with a Bergström [6 gauges (G)] needle or with microbiopsy needles (12, 14, 18G). Maximal mitochondrial respiration (V GM-ADP) was assessed using an oxygraphic method on permeabilized fibers. RESULTS The weight of the muscle samples and V GM-ADP decreased with the increasing gauge of the needles. A positive nonlinear relationship was observed between the weight of the muscle sample and the level of maximal mitochondrial respiration (r = 0.99, p < 0.05) and between needle size and maximal mitochondrial respiration (r = 0.99, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Microbiopsies give lower muscle sample weight and maximal rate of mitochondrial respiration compared to the standard Bergström needle.Therefore, the higher the gauge (i.e. the smaller the size) of the microbiopsy needle, the lower is the maximal rate of respiration. Microbiopsies of skeletal muscle underestimate the maximal mitochondrial respiration rate, and this finding needs to be highlighted for adequate interpretation and comparison with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Isner-Horobeti
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Strasbourg University Rehabilitation Institute Clémenceau, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France,
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14
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Perrault H, Richard R. Adaptation du transport cardiocirculatoire à l’exercice. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:501-20. [PMID: 22542408 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Richard R, Bouanane M, Salomon L, Vordos D, Pigneur F, Werbrouck A, Rahmouni A, Luciani A. [Urachus pathology: infected urachal cyst]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 92:250-3. [PMID: 21501765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jradio.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Poel AFB, Thomas M, Richard R, Bosch MW, Schouten WGP. Pelleting of diet ingredients: effect of feed presentation on performance, diet selection and feed intake behaviour in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1997.tb00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Degache F, Richard R, Edouard P, Oullion R, Calmels P. The relationship between muscle strength and physiological age: a cross-sectional study in boys aged from 11 to 15. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2010; 53:180-8. [PMID: 20226753 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between isokinetic knee flexor and extensor muscle strength and physiological and chronological age in young soccer players. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-nine young, healthy, male soccer players (mean+/-standard deviation age: 12.78+/-2.88, range: 11 to 15) underwent a clinical examination (age, weight, height, body mass index and Tanner puberty stage) and an evaluation of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength on an isokinetic dynamometer. Participation in the study was voluntary. RESULTS The peak torque increased progressively (by 50%) between the ages of 11 and 15 and most significantly between 12 to 14. The knee flexor/extensor ratios only decreased significantly between 14 and 15 years of age. Puberty stage was the most important determinant of the peak torque level (ahead of chronological age, weight and height) for all angular velocities (p<0.0001). Muscle strength increased significantly between Tanner stages 1 and 5, with the greatest increase between stages 2 and 4. CONCLUSION The present study showed that isokinetic muscle strength increases most between 12 and 13 years of age and between Tanner stages 2 and 3. There was strong correlation between muscle strength and physiological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Degache
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Bellevue, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France.
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Charloux A, Enache I, Richard R, Oswald-Mammosser M, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Piquard F, Geny B. Diffusing capacity of the lung for CO and pulmonary blood flow during incremental and intermittent exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20:e121-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lepretre PM, Vogel T, Brechat PH, Dufour S, Richard R, Kaltenbach G, Berthel M, Lonsdorfer J. Impact of short-term aerobic interval training on maximal exercise in sedentary aged subjects. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1472-8. [PMID: 19769704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is known to be associated with a decrease in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and maximal tolerated power (MTP). Regular physical exercise is the most appropriate to improve aerobic capacity, but its effect still remained discussed in old people. DESIGN The aim of this study was to determine whether a short interval training session would be associated with improvements in exercise efficiency in aged subjects in both genders. METHODS In all, 19 women and 16 men (65.4 +/- 4.9 years) performed a cycle incremental exercise test before and after a 9-week period of aerobic interval training (twice a week, 30 min session where 6 x 4-min at the first ventilatory threshold alternated with 1-min at the second ventilatory threshold) with cycle ergometer. Minute ventilation (MV), O(2) uptake (VO(2)) and CO(2) output (VCO(2)) were measured breath-by-breath and by an open-circuit metabolic cart. RESULTS Before training, maximal values of MV (MMV), VO2peak, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, MTP, blood lactate at MTP recovery and the power at the first (pVT(1)) and second ventilatory thresholds (pVT(2)) were higher in men compared with women. Nine weeks of interval training induced a significant increase in MMV, VO2peak, MTP, pVT(1) and pVT(2) and decrease in systolic blood pressure in the same way in men than in women, without any significant effect on their maximal heart rate values. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the age-related declines in aerobic index are attenuated by a short exercise interval training sessions in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-M Lepretre
- Consultation de l'Aptitude Physique du Senior, Centre de Gérontologie La Robertsau, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Richard R, Zoll J, Mettauer B, Piquard F, Geny B. Counterpoint: Cardiac denervation does not play a major role in exercise limitation after heart transplantation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:560-2, discussion 562-4. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00694.2007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Aguilaniu B, Richard R, Costes F, Bart F, Martinat Y, Stach B, Denjean A. Méthodologie et Pratique de l’Exploration Fonctionnelle à l’eXercice (EFX). Rev Mal Respir 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)91121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Aguilaniu B, Richard R, Costes F, Bart F, Martinat Y, Stach B, Denjean A. [Cardiopulmonary exercise testing]. Rev Mal Respir 2007; 24:2S111-60. [PMID: 17389842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Aguilaniu
- HYLAB, Physiologie Clinique et Exercice, Grenoble, France.
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Geny B, Schaefer A, Epailly E, Thiranos JC, Richard R, Piquard F. Does decreased taurine participate in reduced exercise capacity after heart transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:997-8. [PMID: 16890125 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Pialoux V, Mounier R, Ponsot E, Rock E, Mazur A, Dufour S, Richard R, Richalet JP, Coudert J, Fellmann N. Effects of exercise and training in hypoxia on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:1345-54. [PMID: 16788711 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effects of acute exercise under hypoxic condition and the repetition of such exercise in a 'living low-training high' training on the antioxidant/prooxidant balance. DESIGN Randomized, repeated measures design. SETTING Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France. SUBJECTS Fourteen runners were randomly divided into two groups. A 6-week endurance training protocol integrated two running sessions per week at the second ventilatory threshold into the usual training. INTERVENTION A 6-week endurance training protocol integrated two running sessions per week at the second ventilatory threshold into the usual training. The first hypoxic group (HG, n=8) carried out these sessions under hypoxia (3000 m simulated altitude) and the second normoxic group (NG, n=6) in normoxia. In control period, the runners were submitted to two incremental cycling tests performed in normoxia and under hypoxia (simulated altitude of 3000 m). Plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehydes (MDA) and lipid oxidizability, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid-soluble antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene) normalized for triacyglycerols and cholesterol were measured before and after the two incremental tests and at rest before and after training. RESULTS No significant changes of MDA and AOPP level were observed after normoxic exercise, whereas hypoxic exercise induced a 56% rise of MDA and a 44% rise of AOPP. Plasma level of MDA and arterial oxygen hemoglobin desaturations after the acute both exercises were highly correlated (r=0.73). alpha-Tocopherol normalized for cholesterol and triacyglycerols increased only after hypoxic exercise (10-12%, P<0.01). After training, FRAP resting values (-21%, P<0.05) and alpha-tocopherol/triacyglycerols ratio (-24%, P<0.05) were diminished for HG, whereas NG values remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Intense exercise and hypoxia exposure may have a cumulative effect on oxidative stress. As a consequence, the repetition of such exercise characterizing the 'living low-training high' model has weakened the antioxidant capacities of the athletes. SPONSORSHIP International Olympic Committee and the Direction Régionale de la Jeunesse et des Sports de la Région Auvergne.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pialoux
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Baker SD, Szasz JI, Klein TA, Kuber PS, Hunt CW, Glaze JB, Falk D, Richard R, Miller JC, Battaglia RA, Hill RA. Residual feed intake of purebred Angus steers: Effects on meat quality and palatability. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:938-45. [PMID: 16543572 DOI: 10.2527/2006.844938x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between residual feed intake (RFI) and other performance variables were determined using 54 purebred Angus steers. Individual feed intake and BW gain were recorded during a 70-d post-weaning period to calculate RFI. After the 70-d post-weaning test, steers were fed a finishing ration to a similar fat thickness (FT), transported to a commercial facility, and slaughtered. A subsample of carcasses (n = 32) was selected to examine the relationships among RFI, meat quality, and palatability. Steers were categorized into high (> 0.5 SD above the mean; n = 16), medium (mid; +/- 0.5 SD from the mean; n = 21), and low (< 0.5 SD below the mean; n = 17) RFI groups. No differences were detected in ADG, initial BW, and d 71 BW among the high, mid, and low RFI steers. Steers from the high RFI group had a greater DMI (P = 0.004) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; DMI:ADG; P = 0.002) compared with the low RFI steers. Residual feed intake was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.54; P = 0.003) and FCR (r = 0.42; P = 0.002), but not with initial BW, d 71 BW, d 71 ultrasound FT, initial ultrasound LM area, d 71 ultrasound LM area, or ADG. The FCR was positively correlated with initial BW (r = 0.46; P = 0.0005), d 71 BW (r = 0.34; P = 0.01), and DMI (r = 0.40; P = 0.003) and was negatively correlated with ADG (r = -0.65; P = 0.001). There were no differences among RFI groups for HCW, LM area, FT, KPH, USDA yield grade, marbling score, or quality grade. Reflectance color b* scores of steaks from high RFI steers were greater (P = 0.02) than those from low RFI steers. There was no difference between high and low RFI groups for LM calpastatin activity. Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory panel tenderness and flavor scores of steaks were similar across RFI groups. Steaks from high RFI steers had lower (P = 0.04) off-flavor scores than those from low RFI steers. Cook loss percentages were greater (P = 0.005) for steaks from low RFI steers than for those from mid RFI steers. These data support current views that RFI is independent of ADG, but is correlated with DMI and FCR. Importantly, the data also support the hypothesis that there is no relationship between RFI and beef quality in purebred Angus steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Baker
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844, USA
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Ponsot E, Zoll J, N'guessan B, Ribera F, Lampert E, Richard R, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R, Mettauer B. Mitochondrial tissue specificity of substrates utilization in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. J Cell Physiol 2005; 203:479-86. [PMID: 15521069 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As energetic metabolism is crucial for muscles, they develop different adaptations to respond to fluctuating demand among muscle types. Whereas quantitative characteristics are known, no study described simultaneously quantitative and qualitative differences among muscle types in terms of substrates utilization patterns. This study thus defined the pattern of substrates preferential utilization by mitochondria from glycolytic gastrocnemius (GAS) and oxidative soleus (SOL) skeletal muscles and from heart left ventrical (LV) in rats. We measured in situ, ADP (2 mM)-stimulated, mitochondrial respiration rates from skinned fibers in presence of increasing concentrations of pyruvate (Pyr) + malate (Mal), palmitoyl-carnitine (Palm-C) + Mal, glutamate (Glut) + Mal, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3-P), lactate (Lact) + Mal. Because the fibers oxygen uptake (Vs) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in function of substrates level we determined the Vs and Km, representing maximal oxidative capacity and the mitochondrial sensibility for each substrate, respectively. Vs were in the order GAS < SOL < LV for Pyr, Glu, and Palm-C substrates, whereas in the order SOL = LV < GAS with G3-P. Moreover, the relative capacity to oxidize Palm-C is extremely higher in LV than in SOL. Vs was not stimulated by the Lact substrate. The Km was equal for Pyr among muscles, but much lower for G3-P in GAS and lower for Palm-C in LV. These results demonstrate qualitative mitochondrial tissue specificity for metabolic pathways. Mitochondria of glycolytic muscle fibers are well adapted to play a central role for maintaining a satisfactory cytosolic redox state in these fibers, whereas mitochondria of LV developed important capacities to use fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ponsot
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires et de l'Exercice, Département de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France.
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Calmels P, Degache F, Fayolle-Minon I, Condemine A, Courbon A, Ramas J, Richard R, Roche F, Degache A, Girardin N, Gautheron V, Devillard X. [Hemiplegia and a hiking tour of Mont Blanc: from hope to reality]. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2005; 48:180-6. [PMID: 15848260 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the end of an endurance training program for stroke patients with hemiplegia, we offered a hiking tour around the Mont Blanc Pedestrian Tour. We found no publication describing a similar experience and no scientific data in the literature to determine the physiological characteristics required for this performance, particularly regarding cardiac and vascular capacities, level of impairment, and functional abilities. OBJECTIVE To complete a part of the Mont Blanc Pedestrian Tour over six days, with a group of adults with hemiparesis and aphasia due to stroke. POPULATION Seven of 20 subjects with right hemiparesis and aphasia were selected on the basis of results of physiological tests, after an endurance training program and two tests hikes at medium altitude. Mean age was 51.71 +/- 7.13 years, mean VO(2max) 19.76 +/- 3.46 ml.g(-1).mm(-1), mean P(max) 90 +/- 22.68 and mean walking speed 3.60 +/- 1.30 km/hour. ORGANIZATION Organization involved setting up the itinerary, recruiting accompanying personnel (9 people), and arranging security. No specific adaptations for accessibility were available, and no specific equipment was used, except for standard walking sticks. RESULTS During this pedestrian tour, the subjects demonstrated strong motivation, as well as exceptional physical and functional performance, despite significant changes in elevation (up to 1500 m per day) and long walking times (from 5 to 9 hours per day). DISCUSSION This experience has enriched our reflection about the medical, functional, and psychological conditions required for this type of physical effort, both from patients and accompanying personnel. In the absence of reports on similar experiences with this patient population, we thought it interesting, six months after this challenge, to present our observations as well as the patients' point of view. This may encourage other rehabilitation teams to offer intensive walking activities for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calmels
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France.
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Buchheit M, Richard R, Doutreleau S, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Brandenberger G, Simon C. Effect of Acute Hypoxia on Heart Rate Variability at Rest and During Exercise. Int J Sports Med 2004; 25:264-9. [PMID: 15162245 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate sympathovagal balance as inferred from heart rate variability (HRV) responses to acute hypoxia at rest and during exercise. HRV was evaluated in 12 healthy subjects during a standardized hypoxic tolerance test which consists of four periods alternating rest and moderate exercise (50 % V.O (2)max) in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Ventilatory responses were determined and HRV indexes were calculated for the last 5 min of each period. In well-tolerant subjects, hypoxia at rest induced a decrease of root-mean-square of successive normal R-R interval differences (RMSSD) (p < 0.05) and of absolute high frequency (HF) power (p < 0.001). All absolute HRV indexes were strongly reduced during exercise (p < 0.001) with no further changes under the additional stimulus of hypoxia. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the HF/(LF+HF) ratio (where LF is low frequency power) was found during exercise in hypoxia compared to exercise in normoxia, associated with similar mean changes in ventilation and tidal volume. These results indicate a vagal control withdrawal under hypoxia at rest. During exercise at 50 % V.O (2)max, HRV indexes cannot adequately represent cardiac autonomic adaptation to acute hypoxia, or possibly to other additional stimuli, due to the dominant effect of exercise and the eventual influence of confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buchheit
- Laboratoire des Régulations Physiologiques et des Rythmes Biologiques chez l'Homme, Strasbourg, France.
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Dargaud J, Richard R, Dainotti JP, Morin A. [Application of a new vascular injection technique in the study of the infratemporal region]. Morphologie 2003; 87:33-8. [PMID: 15146745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The infra-temporal region (ITR) is an anatomically rich region thanks to its arterial and venous divisions and large nerve crossroads. It is also, as described by Robert et al". in a publication about the ITR, (22) "the hidden face of the manductory apparatus. The ITR is therefore a passageway for a large number of anatomical elements and its complexity makes it a particularly delicate region for daily surgical practice. For these many reasons the anatomical study of the ITR, which has already been the origin of a number of works, seemed interesting to us, and more particularly combined with the use of an original injection material, Odongel. The injection of this material, in the arterial as well as the venous system, enabled us to improve our dissections thanks to its flexibility, elasticity, its case-of-use and its speed of preparation. The complexity and richness of the region meant that in order to study it anatomically we had to focus on a specific anatomical element for each dissection session, especially at the beginning. After having used traditional products such as resins (methyl methacrylate), latex and even the too rigid silicon elastomers, Odongel seemed interesting to us because it is very easier to use it. The purpose of this study was to prove that Odongel is an efficient material, working equally well for both the arterial and venous systems irrespective of the diameter of the vessels concerned. It can become an alternative to the other injection products in some situations. Finally, in the case of the ITR, an extension of the existing techniques used in anatomical studies coupled with an increase in anatomical precision could improve our knowledge of this zone and eventually facilitate certain surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dargaud
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie de la Faculté de Médecine Grange-Blanche, Lyon, UCBL, France.
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Védrine L, Fredouille-Héripret L, Richard R, Abad S, Blanche P, Brézin A, Touzé E, Sicard D, Salmon-Céron D. Résurgence de syphilis avec atteintes viscérales graves associées au VIH : à propos de deux nouveaux cas. Med Mal Infect 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(02)00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
We examined the abdominal aorta by ultrasound in 1106 patients during transthoracic echocardiography, whatever the reason of the echocardiography, to track abdominal aortic aneurysms. The study group comprised 822 men and 284 women. We found 88 patients having an abdominal aorta with a diameter of more than 23 mm and 11 patients with a diameter of more than 35 mm. Ninety sixteen per cent of the patients having an aortic ecstasy are more than fifty years old. Ther are more smokers among the patients having an aortic ecstasy. In conclusion, the track of the ecstasies and the abdominal aortic aneurysms is easily realizable during an echocardiography and presents a good rentability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Hôpital du Val-de-Grâce, service de cardiologie, 74, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75005 Paris, France.
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Mundt A, Puhl G, Müller A, Sauer I, Müller C, Richard R, Fotopoulou C, Doll R, Gäbelein G, Höhn W, Hofbauer R, Neuhaus P, Gerlach J. A method to assess biochemical activity of liver cells during clinical application of extracorporeal hybrid liver support. Int J Artif Organs 2002; 25:542-8. [PMID: 12117294 DOI: 10.1177/039139880202500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical activity of a hybrid liver support system based on porcine liver cells was investigated in patients suffering from acute liver failure, coma stage III-IV Patient plasma was drawn systemically and after circulation through the bioreactor at four hour intervals. A method is used that takes into account the rate of plasma flow and the differences in plasma concentration systemically and after circulation through the liver support system to determine the net release or uptake of metabolites such as ammonia, urea and glucose. Urea release (mean 2.28+/-0.37 micromol/h/g cells) and ammonia uptake (mean 0.17+/-0.11 micromol/h/g cells) was seen during treatment, an active role of the system in glucose metabolism was observed. All patients were bridged successfully to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mundt
- Surgery Clinic, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Adaptations de la Faculté de Médecine Cochin-Port-Royal, Paris, France.
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Medelli J, Berteau P, Carré F, Eclache J, Fouillot J, Friemel F, Mercier J, Pastène J, Potiron M, Richard R, Rivière D, Sesboüé B. Position de consensus de la Société Française de Médecine du Sport concernant la directive n°000149 du 3 avril 2001 sur les épreuves d'effort des sportifs de haut niveau. Sci Sports 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(01)00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiménez L, Lefèvre G, Richard R, Couderc R, Saint George M, Duvallet A, Rieu M. Oxidative stress in hemodialyzed patients during exhausting exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2001; 41:513-20. [PMID: 11687772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to study the effect of an exhausting exercise test on plasma lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) and on vitamin E levels in hemodialyzed patients (HD) compared to healthy control subjects (HC). METHODS Eight sedentary chronically HD, (39.0+/-10.8 years) and eight sedentary HC (38.4+/-12.4 years) were studied. Before exercise, the activity of scavenger enzymes [plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD)] was determined. All subjects performed a symptom-limited exercise test; respiratory gas exchanges were collected on-line and blood was sampled five min before exercise, at exhaustion and after 30 min of recovery. RESULTS At rest, the activity of plasma and erythrocyte GPX and erythrocyte SOD was significantly lower in HD than in HC. Exercise provoked an increase of plasma MDA concentration after recovery in HD patients, whereas our HC group show a decrease in MDA plasma level immediately after exercise, returning to the rest values during recovery. Exercise induced no change of vitamin E concentration in HD whereas in HC it increased during recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that: 1) at rest: although hemodialyzed patients showed lower scavenger enzymes activity than HC subjects, there was no difference in MDA plasma level between groups; 2) there is some evidence that physical exercise contribute to oxidative stress during recovery in HD patients, and 3) exercise induced an increase in plasma vitamin E concentration in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiménez
- Département de Physiologie de la Faculté de Médecine Cochin-Port-Royal (Université René Descartes) and Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles et de Physiopathologie de l'Exercise Centre Hospitalier Cochin-Tarnier, Paris, France.
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Piquard F, Richard R, Doutreleau S, Epailly E, Thiranos JC, Lonsdorfer E, Eisenmann B, Mettauer B, Geny B. Generally increased, circulating endothelin can normalize after heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:3558-60. [PMID: 11750514 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Piquard
- Physiology Department, Institut de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Affiliation(s)
- B Geny
- Laboratoire des Régulations Physiologiques et des Rythmes Biologiques chez l'Homme, EA 3072, Institut de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
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Richard R, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Charloux A, Doutreleau S, Buchheit M, Oswald-Mammosser M, Lampert E, Mettauer B, Geny B, Lonsdorfer J. Non-invasive cardiac output evaluation during a maximal progressive exercise test, using a new impedance cardiograph device. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001; 85:202-7. [PMID: 11560071 DOI: 10.1007/s004210100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in exercise physiology is to develop a valid, reliable, non-invasive and affordable measurement of cardiac output (CO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of a new impedance cardiograph device, the Physio Flow, during a 1-min step incremental exercise test from rest to maximal peak effort. A group of 12 subjects was evaluated to determine the reproducibility of the method as follows: (1) each subject performed two comparable tests while their CO was measured by impedance cardiography using the new device (COImp1, COImp2), and (2) in a subgroup of 7 subjects CO was also determined by the direct Fick method (COFick) during the second test. The mean difference between the values obtained by impedance (i.e. COImp1-COImp2) was -0.009 l.min-1 (95% confidence interval: -4.2 l.min-1, 4.2 l.min-1), and CO ranged from 3.55 l.min-1 to 26.75 l.min-1 (n = 146). When expressed as a percentage, the difference (COImp1-COImp2) did not vary with increasing CO. The correlation coefficient between the values of COImp and COFick obtained during the second exercise test was r = 0.94 (P < 0.01, n = 50). The mean difference expressed as percentage was -2.78% (95% confidence interval: -27.44%, 21.78%). We conclude that COImp provides a clinically acceptable evaluation of CO in healthy subjects during an incremental exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Cardio-Circulatories et de l'Exercice, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to determine the effect of incremental exercise to volitional fatigue on plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in heart transplant recipients (HRT) and 2) to examine blood antioxidant capacity in HTR by assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin E levels. METHODS Seven endurance-trained HTR (mean +/- SD; age 39.7 +/- 12.8 yr) and seven endurance-trained healthy, age-matched control subjects (HC) (mean age 40.6 +/- 10.7 yr) performed a symptom-limited incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest, exercise, and during recovery and analyzed for plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as markers of blood antioxidant capacity. After exercise and during recovery, all dependent measures were corrected for plasma volume changes induced by exercise. Significance was established at (P < 0.05). RESULTS No group differences existed in plasma levels of MDA at rest. Further, graded exercise did not alter plasma levels of MDA in either group. Resting erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly lower and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in HTR compared with HC. Finally, at rest, no group differences existed in plasma GPX activity or vitamin E levels. CONCLUSIONS Graded exercise to fatigue does not promote an increase in oxidative stress in blood of exercise trained HTR. Therefore, physical exercise does not appear to pose an oxidative-stress risk for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jimenez
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Adaptations, Faculté de Médecine Cochin-Port-Royal, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles et de Physiopathologie de L'Exercice, Paris, France.
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41
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Abstract
The treatment of burn scar contractures is a major emphasis in the rehabilitation of patients with burn injuries. Many treatment techniques have been used successfully but without a critical investigation of the best practice of care. In this study, we compared the outcomes for pediatric and adult patients treated with a multimodal therapy approach to treatment techniques that are considered to be progressive to determine if differences existed in the techniques. The medical records of 52 patients with documented burn scar contractures were reviewed for patient and rehabilitation treatment parameters. Included were population demographic information and type of treatment intervention used to correct the scar contracture. In particular, the postburn day when the contracture appeared, the percentage of range of motion deficit, the day when definitive treatment that eventually corrected the contracture was begun, and the days required to correct the contracture were noted. With equal range-of-motion deficits identified, the burn scar contractures of patients in the progressive treatment group were corrected in less than half the time of the burn scar contractures of the patients in the multimodal treatment group. This result occurred despite scar contractures that appeared significantly earlier and later initiation of definitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Miami Valley Hospital Regional Burn Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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42
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Charloux A, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Richard R, Lampert E, Oswald-Mammosser M, Mettauer B, Geny B, Lonsdorfer J. A new impedance cardiograph device for the non-invasive evaluation of cardiac output at rest and during exercise: comparison with the "direct" Fick method. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82:313-20. [PMID: 10958374 DOI: 10.1007/s004210000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of a new impedance cardiograph device, the Physio Flow, at rest and during a steady-state dynamic leg exercise (work intensity ranging from 10 to 50 W) performed in the supine position. We compared cardiac output determined simultaneously by two methods, the Physio Flow (QcPF) and the direct Fick (QcFick) methods. Forty patients referred for right cardiac catheterisation, 14 with sleep apnoea syndrome and 26 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, took part in this study. The subjects' oxygen consumption values ranged from 0.14 to 1.19 l x min(-1). The mean difference between the two methods (QcFick - QcPF) was 0.04 l x min(-1) at rest and 0.29 l x min(-1) during exercise. The limits of agreement, defined as mean difference +/- 2SD, were -1.34, +1.41 l x min(-1)] at rest and -2.34, +2.92 l x min(-1) during exercise. The difference between the two methods exceeded 20% in only 2.5% of the cases at rest, and 9.3% of the cases during exercise. Thoracic hyperinflation did not alter QcPF. We conclude that the Physio Flow provides a clinically acceptable and non-invasive evaluation of cardiac output under these conditions. This new impedance cardiograph device deserves further study using other populations and situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charloux
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Cardio-Circulatoires et de l'Exercise, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, France.
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43
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Coutant G, Béchade D, Richard R, Revel F, Grassin F, Bili H, Helie C, Algayres J. Une dyspnée rebelle. Rev Med Interne 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)89272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Newman J, Peat TS, Richard R, Kan L, Swanson PE, Affholter JA, Holmes IH, Schindler JF, Unkefer CJ, Terwilliger TC. Haloalkane dehalogenases: structure of a Rhodococcus enzyme. Biochemistry 1999; 38:16105-14. [PMID: 10587433 DOI: 10.1021/bi9913855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenases are promising bioremediation and biocatalytic agents. Two general classes of dehalogenases have been reported from Xanthobacter and Rhodococcus. While these enzymes share 30% amino acid sequence identity, they have significantly different substrate specificities and halide-binding properties. We report the 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of the Rhodococcus dehalogenase at pH 5.5, pH 7.0, and pH 5.5 in the presence of NaI. The Rhodococcus and Xanthobacter enzymes have significant structural homology in the alpha/beta hydrolase core, but differ considerably in the cap domain. Consistent with its broad specificity for primary, secondary, and cyclic haloalkanes, the Rhodococcus enzyme has a substantially larger active site cavity. Significantly, the Rhodococcus dehalogenase has a different catalytic triad topology than the Xanthobacter enzyme. In the Xanthobacter dehalogenase, the third carboxylate functionality in the triad is provided by D260, which is positioned on the loop between beta7 and the penultimate helix. The carboxylate functionality in the Rhodococcus catalytic triad is donated from E141. A model of the enzyme cocrystallized with sodium iodide shows two iodide binding sites; one that defines the normal substrate and product-binding site and a second within the active site region. In the substrate and product complexes, the halogen binds to the Xanthobacter enzyme via hydrogen bonds with the N(eta)H of both W125 and W175. The Rhodococcusenzyme does not have a tryptophan analogous to W175. Instead, bound halide is stabilized with hydrogen bonds to the N(eta)H of W118 and to N(delta)H of N52. It appears that when cocrystallized with NaI the Rhodococcus enzyme has a rare stable S-I covalent bond to S(gamma) of C187.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Newman
- Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico.
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45
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Richard R. Assessment and diagnosis of burn wounds. Adv Wound Care 1999; 12:468-71. [PMID: 10687559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Miami Valley Hospital Regional Burn Center, Dayton, OH, USA
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46
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Abstract
Skin tension is known to affect the amount of movement in normal skin and has been theorized to have a possible influence on burn scars. This study measured the directional variance in skin movement, which is related to this theory. Twenty adult female volunteers had 5 predetermined skin sites tested; these sites were on the ventral surface of the upper extremities (UE), from the shoulder to the wrist. A 1 kg axial traction force was randomly applied to each skin site in both proximal and distal directions. The skin was load-cycled 6 times before movement was measured with the use of a laser beam projection. Analysis was performed for each site, and pooled data was normalized for the entire UE. Distal skin movement was significantly greater than proximal movement at each of the 5 test sites and for the UE as a whole (P < .001). No significant differences were found among like-direction sites. Only subject height and length of UE correlated strongly (r = .88). This study demonstrates a difference in skin movement and discusses how these findings may relate to the theory that skin tension could be involved in burn scar contracture and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Miami Valley Hospital Regional Burn Center, Dayton, Ohio 45409, USA
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47
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Richard R, Verdier JC, Duvallet A, Rosier SP, Leger P, Nignan A, Rieu M. Chronotropic competence in endurance trained heart transplant recipients: heart rate is not a limiting factor for exercise capacity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33:192-7. [PMID: 9935029 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to show that the chronotropic potential of the well trained heart transplant recipient (HTR) does not limit exercise capacity. BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence is considered to be the main limiting factor of the functional capacity of heart transplant recipients. However, no systematic study had been published on patients who had spontaneously undergone heavy endurance training for several years. METHODS Heart rate (HR) and respiratory gas exchanges (VO2, VCO2, VE) were measured in 14 trained HTRs (T-HTRs) during exercise tests on a bicycle, on a treadmill and by Holter electrocardiography during a race. RESULTS Peak values observed in T-HTRs during the treadmill test were higher than those reached during the bicycle test (VO2peak: 39.8+/-6.9 vs. 32.5+/-7.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), p < 0.001; HRpeak: 169+/-14 vs. 159+/-16 bpm, p < 0.01). During treadmill exercise VO2peak and HRpeak values observed were very close to the mean predicted VO2pmax and HRpmax. The maximum heart rate during the race (HRrace) was greater than HRpeak values during the treadmill test (179+/-14 vs 169+/-14 bpm, p < 0.01) and slightly above the mean predicted values (HRrace/HRpmax X 100 = 101+/-10%). The treadmill exercise test yields more reliable data than does the bicycle test. CONCLUSIONS Extensive endurance training enables heart transplant recipients to reach physical fitness levels similar to those of normal sedentary subjects; heart rate does not limit their exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richard
- Département de Physiologie de la Faculté de Médecine Cochin-Port-Royal (Université René Descartes), Paris, France
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48
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Billat VL, Richard R, Binsse VM, Koralsztein JP, Haouzi P. The V(O2) slow component for severe exercise depends on type of exercise and is not correlated with time to fatigue. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998; 85:2118-24. [PMID: 9843534 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the type of exercise (running vs. cycling) on the O2 uptake V(O2) slow component. Ten triathletes performed exhaustive exercise on a treadmill and on a cycloergometer at a work rate corresponding to 90% of maximal VO2 (90% work rate maximal V(O2)). The duration of the tests before exhaustion was superimposable for both type of exercises (10 min 37 s +/- 4 min 11 s vs. 10 min 54 s +/- 4 min 47 s for running and cycling, respectively). The V(O2) slow component (difference between V(O2) at the last minute and minute 3 of exercise) was significantly lower during running compared with cycling (20.9 +/- 2 vs. 268.8 +/- 24 ml/min). Consequently, there was no relationship between the magnitude of the V(O2) slow component and the time to fatigue. Finally, because blood lactate levels at the end of the tests were similar for both running (7.2 +/- 1.9 mmol/l) and cycling (7.3 +/- 2.4 mmol/l), there was a clear dissociation between blood lactate and the V(O2) slow component during running. These data demonstrate that 1) the V(O2) slow component depends on the type of exercise in a group of triathletes and 2) the time to fatigue is independent of the magnitude of the V(O2) slow component and blood lactate concentration. It is speculated that the difference in muscular contraction regimen between running and cycling could account for the difference in the V(O2) slow component.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Billat
- Laboratoire Science du Sport, Lille 2, Lille, France
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49
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Bernard F, Richard R, Maurin F, Gandjbakhch I, Ollivier JP. [Constrictive pericarditis: an underestimated complication of thoracic injuries]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1998; 47:7-10. [PMID: 9772925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Constrictive pericarditis is a well defined clinical entity, traditionally secondary to longstanding tuberculosis. Although posttraumatic constrictive pericarditis, due to haemopericardium, is well known during the postoperative period following cardiac surgery, it is underestimated in closed chest trauma. A new case of constrictive pericarditis is reported, due to neglected chest trauma. The discussion emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and surgical treatment, which determine the general prognosis of pericardial constriction. This implies systematic investigation of all cases of chest trauma, even minor, by transthoracic, or preferable, transoesophageal echocardiography, looking for haemopericardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire du Val-de-Grâce, Paris
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50
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Rüttimann M, Perez JP, Richard R, Brinquin L, Bonsignour JP. [Intracranial aneurysm and coronary ectasia]. Presse Med 1997; 26:1141-3. [PMID: 9255241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary aneurysms are uncommon and can exceptionally be associated with other aneurysmal localizations. CASE REPORT A 34 year-old man with a history of aneurysm of the coronary arteries revealed by myocardial infarction without a wave six months earlier, presented cerebral hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysmal rupture of the anterior communicating artery. DISCUSSION Other aneurysmal localizations such as the abdominal artery, pulmonary artery, hepatic artery, popliteal artery, coronary venous system or the left ventricle have been associated with coronary artery aneurysm. Only one case of coronary and cerebral aneurysm has been previously reported in the literature in an 8-year-old child with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis. Our case suggests that systemic aneurysmal disease may be a clinical entity and that cerebral angiogram should be discussed in patients with a coronary artery aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rüttimann
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées du Val-de-Grâce
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