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Bernardo ABI, Ramos SDA. Culturalizing theory and research on cognitive models of hope. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1457725. [PMID: 39184941 PMCID: PMC11341373 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1457725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
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Erkuş Ş, Gümüş AB. Hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness followed in a community mental health center. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 50:87-93. [PMID: 38789239 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness. DESIGN AND METHODS The descriptive study was conducted on 297 caregivers in community mental health centers in Turkey. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Dispositional Hope Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults. FINDINGS Hope and psychological resilience of primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness were moderate. To sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics; caregivers who are over 40 years old, lost his/her spouse, low education level, housewife or retired, unemployed, who evaluated their incomes low, mother, living in the same house with the patient, caring for ten years or more, caring for another patient and not getting help in care had lower hope and resilience levels. Compared to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had lower hope and psychological resilience levels. CONCLUSIONS Primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness should be supported in terms of hope and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Erkuş
- Mudanya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Babacan Gümüş
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Helu-Brown P, Barrio C, Hernandez M. Stigma and the Intersection of Ethnicity, Gender, Romantic Relationships, and Serious Mental Illness: Perspectives from Latinxs with Schizophrenia and Their Family Members. STIGMA AND HEALTH 2023; 8:344-354. [PMID: 37867559 PMCID: PMC10588796 DOI: 10.1037/sah0000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Romantic relationships are a fundamental part of the human experience and contribute to quality of life and recovery of people with serious mental illness (SMI). However, few psychosocial interventions exist to address this issue among people with schizophrenia, and no existing intervention focuses on Latinxs. The intersectionality of being Latinx and having schizophrenia can create a unique experience regarding stigma, romantic relationships, and gender. Guided by intersectionality theory, this study used qualitative content analysis and an intersectionality template analysis to examine data from interviews with 22 participants-11 people with diagnosed schizophrenia and their identified primary family member. Overall, findings illustrate perspectives about romantic relationships in a sample of Latinxs with schizophrenia and highlight the stigma that people with schizophrenia and their families can experience. Five key themes emerged from the data: obstacles to romantic relationships, advantages of romantic relationships, disadvantages of romantic relationships, gender-role issues and satisfaction with life, and hope for the future. Participants reported that stigma related to schizophrenia and the lack of employment were the main obstacles to establishing and maintaining romantic relationships. These findings provide an insider perspective on romantic relationships in a sample of Latinxs with schizophrenia and elucidate the importance of using an intersectionality lens to guide culturally responsive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Concepcion Barrio
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California
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Guan Z, Huang C, Sun M, Bai X, Tang S. Caregiving burden and positive aspects of caregiving in schizophrenia: Mediating roles of hope and social support. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 45:7-13. [PMID: 37544704 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Caring for an ill relative with schizophrenia can lead to both negative and positive experiences. The study aimed to determine the relationship between caregiving burden and positive caregiving experiences and evaluate the roles of hope and social support as possible mediators in this relationship. This study included 344 Chinese family caregivers of adults with schizophrenia. Instruments included Positive Aspects of Caregiving, Herth Hope Index, Caregiver Burden Inventory, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data was analysed by Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, Spearman correlation, and a serial mediation model. Results showed that hope and social support separately and serially mediated the relationship between caregiving burden and positive caregiving experiences. The mediation effect of hope was stronger than that of social support and their serial mediation effect. Increasing hope and social support of family caregivers may alleviate caregiving burden and improve positive caregiving experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Guan
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chongmei Huang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Mei Sun
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Bai
- Guizhou Nursing Vocational College, No. 169, Wufeng Road, Guiyang, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Martinez A, Baumgartner JN, Kaaya S, Swai P, Lawala PS, Thedai B, Minja A, Headley J, Egger JR. Hopefulness among individuals living with schizophrenia and their caregivers in Tanzania: an actor-partner interdependence model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:508. [PMID: 37442999 PMCID: PMC10339619 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hopefulness is a positive orientation or state of mind that can aid in the recovery and treatment of mental illness, as it can have significant impacts on clinical and psychosocial outcomes. As resource-constrained settings work to implement recovery-oriented care, there is a need to better understand hopefulness among people living with schizophrenia (PLWS) and caregivers in their extended family networks. This study seeks to examine the dyadic relationship of hopefulness and its associated correlates among PLWS attending outpatient psychiatric clinics and their caregivers in Tanzania. METHODS This study utilized baseline and immediate post-intervention data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial testing a culturally tailored model of Family Psychoeducation, KUPAA, in Tanzania. The Herth Hope Index was used to measure hopefulness among PLWS (n = 33) and their caregivers (n = 33) at baseline and immediate post-intervention. Univariable and multivariable regression models were conducted to determine correlates of hopefulness at baseline, while the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was employed to examine the longitudinal, dyadic relationship of hopefulness among and between PLWS and their caregivers. RESULTS Better family functioning was associated with higher levels of hopefulness in PLWS and their caregivers. Lower levels of stigma, lower symptom severity, and lower disability were associated with higher levels of hopefulness in PLWS. For PLWS and their caregivers, actor effects from the APIM model were less than one (PLWS, [Formula: see text]; caregivers, [Formula: see text]), indicating stability (within each person) in hopefulness over time. Regarding partner effects, a caregiver's baseline hopefulness had a positive effect on the hopefulness of their PLWS at follow-up ([Formula: see text]). This indicates that higher caregiver hope at time 0 is associated with higher levels of hope in PLWS at time 1. Baseline hopefulness levels for PLWS had a negative effect on caregivers' hopefulness at follow-up ([Formula: see text]). This suggests that higher hopefulness among PLWS at baseline is associated with lower levels of hope in caregivers at follow-up. CONCLUSION Hopefulness is important to consider in family or caregiver-based treatments for PLWS because caregiver hopefulness may influence improvements in hopefulness among PLWS over time. Future studies should further explore the longitudinal dyadic relationship of hopefulness for these populations, as hope is a non-pharmacological and modifiable mechanism of change that is underutilized in care and treatment plans for PLWS globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials #NCT04013932, July 10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Martinez
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joy Noel Baumgartner
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sylvia Kaaya
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Praxeda Swai
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul S Lawala
- Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | - Anna Minja
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Joseph R Egger
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Yildirim A, Akkus M, Asilar RH. Hopelessness and life satisfaction in patients with serious mental disorders: A cross-sectional study. North Clin Istanb 2023; 10:163-171. [PMID: 37181060 PMCID: PMC10170375 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2023.77910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of treatment and management in chronic mental disorders is to improve the quality of life (QOL). Hopelessness indicates a significant cognitive vulnerability that is associated with suicide risk. It is important for clinicians to have information about their patients' life satisfaction and spirituality. This study was conducted to determine hopelessness and life satisfaction in patients who received service from a community mental health center (CMHC). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients diagnosed with psychosis (n=66) and bipolar disorder (n=24) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria, at a community mental health center serving in a hospital located in eastern Turkiye. Data was collected by a psychiatrist between January and May 2019 with face-to-face interviews, using a questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS In the study, it was found that the mean BHS and SWLS scores of the patients did not differ significantly between the diagnosis groups (p>0.05). A moderately negative correlation was found between the patients' mean BHS and SWLS scores (rs=-0.450, p<0.001). In addition, it was determined that the hopelessness level of the secondary school graduates was low (p<0.05), the mean BHS score increased as the age and time from diagnosis of the patients increased (p<0.001), and there was a low negative correlation between the time from diagnosis and the mean SWLS score (rs: -0.208; p<0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that the hopelessness level of the patients was low, their life satisfaction was moderate, and as the hopelessness level increased, their life satisfaction decreased. In addition, it was determined that the hopelessness and life satisfaction levels of the patients did not differ by to the diagnosis groups. It is extremely important for mental health professionals to consider aspects such as hope and life satisfaction, which are key in the recovery of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Yildirim
- Division of Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Yalova University Faculty of Health Sciences, Yalova, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Akkus
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkiye
| | - Rabia Hacihasanoglu Asilar
- Division of Public Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, Yalova University Faculty of Health Sciences, Yalova, Turkiye
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Hernandez M, Barrio C, Helu-Brown P, Lim C, Gaona L. Substance Use in Relation to Mental Illness: A Study of Mexican-Origin Latinos with Schizophrenia and Their Family Members. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2022; 47:175-183. [PMID: 35708649 PMCID: PMC9280320 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about family context and substance use behaviors among Latinos with schizophrenia. Learning about patient and family caregiver perceptions of use is critical to our understanding of how best to support these vulnerable patients and family caregivers. This study explored perceptions of substance use in relation to mental illness among Latinos primarily of Mexican origin with schizophrenia and their family caregivers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 34 participants (20 family caregivers; 14 patients) with direct and indirect substance use experience, in their preferred language. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which consisted of comparing codes across and within patient and family caregiver transcripts. Findings revealed that substance use affected well-being, particularly patient recovery and caregiver burden. Strategies to address well-being included limiting substance use, being vigilant about patient use, and communicating the negative impact of use. The environmental impact and stigma of substance use were major contextual challenges. Patients addressed these by limiting their socialization. Family social context was important to how substance use was perceived and managed by patients and caregivers. As such, treatment models should consider a holistic perspective that incorporates family context when addressing substance use among Latinos with schizophrenia.
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Öztürk Z, Şahi N Altun Ö. The effect of nursing interventions to instill hope on the internalized stigma, hope, and quality of life levels in patients With schizophrenia. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:364-373. [PMID: 33861468 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the effect of nursing interventions to instill hope on the internalized stigma, hope, and quality of life. METHODS The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with the experimental and control groups and repeated measurements. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Internalized Stigma Scale in Mental Illnesses (ISMI), Herth Hope Index (HHS), and Quality of Life Scale (QLS) for schizophrenia patients. RESULTS The difference between ISMI, HHS, and QLS posttest and follow-up test average scores was found to be statistically significant between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION It was determined that nursing interventions aimed at improving hope effectively decreased the internalized stigmatization level of patients with schizophrenia and increased hope and life quality levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Özlem Şahi N Altun
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Nagata K, Kitaoka K, Kawamura M. Experiences and perceptions of people living with schizophrenia in Japan: A qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:782-791. [PMID: 34558776 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive study used a qualitative inductive approach to investigate the subjective experiences and perceptions of people with schizophrenia living in the community during times of difficulty and how they coped. We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine community-dwelling people with schizophrenia and used the KJ method developed by Kawakita Jiro to structure the data obtained. We identified 10 symbols with his method: bewilderment at the onset; helplessness and longing for death; solitude linked to death; precarious daily life; relationships at risk; fear of being stigmatized; pillars of emotional support; will to overcome; hope to never give up; and living with the illness. The results suggest that community mental health nurses should provide support so their patients can continue to have pillars of emotional support and the will to overcome difficulties, as well as continue to use their coping methods, even when experiencing many difficulties. It is important that nurses understand and share in their patients' difficult experiences and hopes when providing support toward their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nagata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kitaoka
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Midori Kawamura
- Faculty of Nursing & Social Welfare Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
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