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Zhang Q, Zhu F, Tong Y, Shi D, Zhang J. CHD4 R975H mutant activates tumorigenic pathways and promotes stemness and M2-like macrophage polarization in endometrial cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18617. [PMID: 39127769 PMCID: PMC11316823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC), one of the most prevalent carcinomas in females, is associated with increasing mortality. We identified the CHD4 R975H mutation as a high-frequency occurrence in EC patients through a comprehensive survey of EC databases. Computational predictions suggest that this mutation profoundly impacts the structural and functional integrity of CHD4. Functional assays revealed that the CHD4 R975H mutation enhances EC cell invasion, proliferation, and colony formation, promoting a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype. RNA-seq analysis of cells expressing CHD4 R975H mutant revealed a transcriptomic landscape marked by the activation of several cancer-promoting signaling pathways, including TNF-α signaling via NF-κB, KRAS, P53, mTOR, TGF-β, EGFR, Myc and growth factor signaling. Validation assays confirmed the activation of these pathways, further demonstrating that CHD4 R975H mutation induces stemness in EC cells and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Our study elucidated the oncogenic role of CHD4 R975H mutation, highlighting its dual impact on facilitating cancer stemness and transforming TAMs into an immunosuppressive subtype. These findings contribute valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving EC progression and open avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yin Tong
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diwen Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Zhang XH, Wu SW, Feng YF, Xie YQ, Li M, Hu P, Cao Y. ZBTB7A regulates LncRNA HOTAIR-mediated ELAVL1/SOX17 axis to inhibit malignancy and angiogenesis in endometrial carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:345. [PMID: 38981872 PMCID: PMC11233420 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most frequent cancer in women worldwide and has higher fatality rates. The pathophysiology of EC is complex, and there are currently no reliable methods for diagnosing and treating the condition. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), according to mounting evidence, is vital to the pathophysiology of EC. HOTAIR is regarded as a significant prognostic indicator of EC. ZBTB7A decreased EC proliferation and migration, according to recent studies, however the underlying mechanism still needs to be clarified. METHODS The research utilized RT-qPCR to measure HOTAIR expression in clinical EC tissues and various EC cell lines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to correlate HOTAIR levels with patient prognosis. Additionally, the study examined the interaction between ZBTB7A and HOTAIR using bioinformatics tools and ChIP assays. The experimental approach also involved manipulating the expression levels of HOTAIR and ZBTB7A in EC cell lines and assessing the impact on various cellular processes and gene expression. RESULTS The study found significantly higher levels of HOTAIR in EC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, with high HOTAIR expression correlating with poorer survival rates and advanced cancer characteristics. EC cell lines like HEC-1 A and KLE showed higher HOTAIR levels compared to normal cells. Knockdown of HOTAIR in these cell lines reduced proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration. ZBTB7A was found to be inversely correlated with HOTAIR, and its overexpression led to a decrease in HOTAIR levels and a reduction in malignant cell behaviors. The study also uncovered that HOTAIR interacts with ELAVL1 to regulate SOX17, which in turn activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting malignant behaviors in EC cells. CONCLUSION HOTAIR is a critical regulator in EC, contributing to tumor growth and poor prognosis. Its interaction with ZBTB7A and regulation of SOX17 via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway underlines its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Wei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Qin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, P. R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China.
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China.
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Tulino J, Tan X, Ligler FS, Bae-Jump VL, Fenton SE, Rizvi I. Exposure to select PFAS and PFAS mixtures alters response to platinum-based chemotherapy in endometrial cancer cell lines. Environ Health 2023; 22:87. [PMID: 38098045 PMCID: PMC10720226 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with significant alterations in female reproductive health. These include changes in menstrual cyclicity, timing of menarche and menopause, and fertility outcomes, as well as increased risk of endometriosis, all of which may contribute to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The effect of PFAS on endometrial cancer cells, specifically altered treatment response and biology, however, remains poorly studied. Like other gynecologic malignancies, a key contributor to lethality in endometrial cancer is resistance to chemotherapeutics, specifically to platinum-based agents that are used as the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage and/or recurrent disease. OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of environmental exposures, specifically PFAS, on platinum-based chemotherapy response and mitochondrial function in endometrial cancer. METHODS HEC-1 and Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were exposed to sub-cytotoxic nanomolar and micromolar concentrations of PFAS/PFAS mixtures and were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Survival fraction was measured 48-h post-chemotherapy treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated in both cell lines following exposure to PFAS ± chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS HEC-1 and Ishikawa cells displayed differing outcomes after PFAS exposure and chemotherapy treatment. Cells exposed to PFAS appeared to be less sensitive to carboplatin, with instances of increased survival fraction, indicative of platinum resistance, observed in HEC-1 cells. In Ishikawa cells treated with cisplatin, PFAS mixture exposure significantly decreased survival fraction. In both cell lines, increases in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed post-PFAS exposure ± chemotherapy treatment. DISCUSSION Exposure of endometrial cancer cell lines to PFAS/PFAS mixtures had varying effects on response to platinum-based chemotherapies. Increased survival fraction post-PFAS + carboplatin treatment suggests platinum resistance, while decreased survival fraction post-PFAS mixture + cisplatin exposure suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Regardless of chemotherapy sensitivity status, mitochondrial membrane potential findings suggest that PFAS exposure may affect endometrial cancer cell mitochondrial functioning and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Engineering Building III, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Justin Tulino
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Engineering Building III, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Engineering Building III, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Wu CY, Yang YH, Lin YS, Shu LH, Liu HT, Wu YH, Wu YH. Induction of ferroptosis and apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells by dihydroisotanshinone I. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21652. [PMID: 38027826 PMCID: PMC10660028 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshen, also known as Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a medicinal herb used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its potential impact on endometrial cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a compound found in Danshen, on the viability of ARK1 and ARK2 endometrial cancer cells and its mechanisms. The results showed that 10 μM DT inhibited cell viability of ARK1 and ARK2 cells by inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis, which was achieved by blocking the expression of GPX4. In vivo experiments using a xenograft nude mouse model indicated that DT treatment significantly reduced tumor volume without causing any adverse effects. These findings suggest that DT may be a potential therapeutic agent for inhibiting endometrial cancer cell viability, but further research is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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5
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Peterson R, Minchella P, Cui W, Graham A, Nothnick WB. RPLP1 Is Up-Regulated in Human Adenomyosis and Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Cells and Is Essential for Cell Survival and Migration In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2690. [PMID: 36769010 PMCID: PMC9917350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is defined as the development of endometrial epithelial glands and stroma within the myometrial layer of the uterus. These "ectopic" lesions share many cellular characteristics with endometriotic epithelial cells as well as endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, including enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion and progesterone resistance. We recently reported that the 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1, RPLP1, is up-regulated in endometriotic epithelial cells and lesion tissue where it plays a role in cell survival. To evaluate if a similar pattern of expression and function for RPLP1 exists in adenomyosis and endometrial cancer, we examined RPLP1 expression in adenomyosis and endometrial cancer tissue specimens and assessed its function in vitro using well-characterized cell lines. A total of 12 control endometrial biopsies and 20 eutopic endometrial and matched adenomyosis biopsies as well as 103 endometrial adenocarcinoma biopsies were evaluated for RPLP1 localization by immunohistochemistry. Endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines, Ishikawa, HEC1A, HEC1B and AN3 were evaluated for RPLP1 protein and transcript expression, while in vitro function was evaluated by knocking down RPLP1 expression and assessing cell survival and migration. RPLP1 protein was up-regulated in eutopic epithelia as well as in adenomyosis lesions compared to eutopic endometria from control subjects. RPLP1 was also significantly up-regulated in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissue. Knockdown of RPLP1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines was associated with reduced cell survival and migration. RPLP1 expression is up-regulated in eutopic and ectopic adenomyotic epithelia as well as in the epithelia of endometrial cancer specimens. In vitro studies support an essential role for RPLP1 in mediating cell survival and migration, processes which are all involved in pathophysiology associated with both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Peterson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paige Minchella
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Warren B. Nothnick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Kuźmycz O, Kowalczyk A, Stączek P. Biological Activity of fac-[Re(CO) 3(phen)(aspirin)], fac-[Re(CO) 3(phen)(indomethacin)] and Their Original Counterparts against Ishikawa and HEC-1A Endometrial Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911568. [PMID: 36232870 PMCID: PMC9569891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) and were found to have positive effects in reducing the risk of developing gynecological cancers. However, long-term administration of NSAIDs carries the risk of various side effects, including those in the digestive and circulatory systems. Therefore, there is a constant need to develop new NSAID derivatives. In this work, we investigated rhenium NSAIDs, comparing their effects on endometrial cancer cells with original NSAIDs, demonstrating the high activity of aspirin and indomethacin derivatives. The cytotoxic activity of rhenium derivatives against the Ishikawa and HEC-1A cancer cell lines was higher than that of the original NSAIDs. The IC50 after 24-h incubation of Ishikawa and HEC-1A were 188.06 µM and 394.06 µM for rhenium aspirin and 228.6 µM and 1459.3 µM for rhenium indomethacin, respectively. At the same time, IC50 of aspirin and indomethacin were 10,024.42 µM and 3295.3 µM for Ishikawa, and 27,255.8 µM and 5489.3 µM for HEC-1A, respectively. Moreover, these derivatives were found to inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines in a time- and state-dependent manner. The Ishikawa cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by rhenium aspirin and rhenium indomethacin after 72-h incubation (*** = p < 0.001), while the HEC-1A proliferation was inhibited by the same agents already after 24-h incubation (*** = p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ROS level in the mitochondria of the tested cells generated in the presence of rhenium derivatives was higher than the original NSAIDs. That was associated with rhenium indomethacin exclusively, which had a significant effect (*** = p < 0.001) on both Ishikawa and HEC-1A cancer cells. Rhenium aspirin had a significant effect (*** = p < 0.001) on the mitochondrial ROS level of Ishikawa cells only. Overall, the research revealed a high potential of the rhenium derivatives of aspirin and indomethacin against endometrial cancer cells compared with the original NSAIDs.
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Expression Profile of mRNAs and miRNAs Related to the Oxidative-Stress Phenomenon in the Ishikawa Cell Line Treated Either Cisplatin or Salinomycin. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051190. [PMID: 35625926 PMCID: PMC9138494 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress phenomenon is a result of anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was the assessment of gene expression profile changes, and to determine the miRNAs regulating genes’ transcriptional activity in an Ishikawa endometrial cancer culture exposed to cisplatin or salinomycin, compared to a control culture. The molecular analysis comprised the microarray technique (mRNAs and micro RNA (miRNA), the real-time quantitative reverse transcription reaction (RTqPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactions, and Western blot. NR4A2, MAP3K8, ICAM1, IL21, CXCL8, CCL7, and SLC7A11 were statistically significantly differentiated depending not only on time, but also on the drug used in the experiment. The conducted assessment indicated that the strongest links were between NR4A2 and hsa-miR-30a-5p and has-miR-302e, MAP3K8 and hsa-miR-144-3p, CXCL8 and hsa-miR-140-3p, and SLC7A11 and hsa-miR-144-3p. The obtained results suggest that four mRNAs—NR4A2, MAP3K8, CXCL8 and SLC7A11—and four miRNAs—hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-302e, hsa-miR-144-3p and hsa-miR-140-3—changed their expressions regardless of the chemotherapeutic agent used, which suggests the possibility of their use in monitoring the severity of oxidative stress in endometrial cancer. However, considering the results at both the mRNA and the protein level, it is most likely that the expressions of NR4A2, MAP3K8, CXCL8 and SLC7A11 are regulated by miRNA molecules as well as other epigenetic mechanisms.
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Zhang Y, Cheng J, Li J, He J, Li X, Xu F. The GLP-1R Agonist Exendin-4 Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Chemoresistance in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells Through ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793530. [PMID: 34988025 PMCID: PMC8721044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of the antidiabetic drug Exendin-4 (Exe-4), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on the response of human endometrial cancer cells to chemotherapy under high glucose (HG) conditions. Cell viability was detected using a cell counting kit (CCK)-8. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (DDP) dose-dependently inhibited both human endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa and HEC1B cells, a response reversed by HG. Meanwhile, Exe-4 attenuated hyperglycemia’s effect by elevating intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ROS production. Similarly, DDP-induced elevation of intracellular rhodamine123 was attenuated by HG, and Exe-4 reversed HG’s impact. The chemoresistance genes multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) were upregulated. At the same time, topoisomerase II (TOPO II) was downregulated under HG conditions, suggesting HG-induced chemoresistance. Exe-4 did not significantly influence the above genes. DDP downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and upregulated Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, and PARP under normal glucose (NG) versus HG conditions, and Exe-4 attenuated these effects. Upstream of Bax/Bcl, acetylated P53 was upregulated by DDP and downregulated by HG, whose effect was reversed by Exe-4. DPP treatment significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase under NG, and HG reduced these effects. Prolonged exposure to HG induces DDP chemoresistance in human endometrial cancer cells but is alleviated by Exe-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian He
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Brunty S, Clower L, Mitchell B, Fleshman T, Zgheib NB, Santanam N. Peritoneal Modulators of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:793297. [PMID: 34900746 PMCID: PMC8655857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the 4th largest cause of cancer death in women. Approximately 10-15% of women of childbearing age suffer from endometriosis. Endometriosis is defined by the growth and presence of endometrial tissue (lesions) outside of the uterus. The women with endometriosis also have an increased presence of peritoneal fluid (PF) that comprises of inflammatory cells, growth factors, cytokines/chemokines, etc. Epidemiological studies have shown that >3% of women with endometriosis develop ovarian cancer (low-grade serous or endometrioid types). Our hypothesis is that the PF from women with endometriosis induces transformative changes in the ovarian cells, leading to ovarian cancer development. PF from women with and without endometriosis was collected after IRB approval and patient consent. IOSE (human normal ovarian epithelial cells) and TOV-21G cells (human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line) were treated with various volumes of PF (no endometriosis or endometriosis) for 48 or 96 h and proliferation measured. Expression levels of epigenetic regulators and FoxP3, an inflammatory tumor suppressor, were determined. A Human Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Crosstalk RT2 Profiler PCR array was used to measure changes in cancer related genes in treated cells. Results showed increased growth of TOV-21G cells treated with PF from women with endometriosis versus without endometriosis and compared to IOSE cells. Endo PF treatment induced EZH2, H3K27me3, and FoxP3. The RT2 PCR array of TOV-21G cells treated with endo PF showed upregulation of various inflammatory genes (TLRs, Myd88, etc.). These studies indicate that PF from women with endometriosis can both proliferate and transform ovarian cells and hence this microenvironment plays a major mechanistic role in the progression of endometriosis to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brunty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Lauren Clower
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Brenda Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Taylor Fleshman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nadim Bou Zgheib
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
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10
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Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanomicelles Enhance SAHA Efficacy in 3D Endometrial Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164032. [PMID: 34439185 PMCID: PMC8394402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the major limitations to cancer therapies are the side effects caused by the drug interacting with any tissue in the body. There is often a balance between patient health and effectively treating the disease. To by-pass this balancing act nanoparticles are being used to deliver therapeutics straight to the tumors, acting as “Trojan Horses”. Endometrial cancers are known to have more of the cell surface protein CD44 than healthy tissues. Here, to efficiently target endometrial cancer, hyaluronic acid, which naturally binds to the CD44 protein was attached to the surface of nanoparticles and tested on microtissues or spheroids to better model a tumor and understand drug delivery performance. We show that our hyaluronic acid-nanoparticle formulations improve drug effects and interact with the cancer cells more than without this targeting agent. Abstract Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are upregulated in cancer leading to the development of HDAC inhibiting compounds, several of which are currently in clinical trials. Side effects associated with toxicity and non-specific targeting indicate the need for efficient drug delivery approaches and tumor specific targeting to enhance HDAC efficacy in solid tumor cancers. SAHA encapsulation within F127 micelles functionalized with a surface hyaluronic acid moiety, was developed to target endometrial cancer cells expressing elevated levels of CD44. In vitro viability and morphology analyses was conducted in both 2D and 3D models to assess the translational potential of this approach. Encapsulation enhanced SAHA delivery and activity, demonstrating increased cytotoxic efficacy in 2D and 3D endometrial cancer models. High-content imaging showed improved nanoparticle internalization in 2D and CD44 enhanced penetration in 3D models. In addition, the nano-delivery system enhanced spheroid penetration resulting in cell growth suppression, p21 associated cell cycle arrest, as well as overcoming the formation of an EMT associated phenotype observed in free drug treated type II endometrial cancer cells. This study demonstrates that targeted nanoparticle delivery of SAHA could provide the basis for improving its efficacy in endometrial cancer. Using 3D models for endometrial cancer allows the elucidation of nanoparticle performance and CD44 targeting, likely through penetration and retention within the tumor model.
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11
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Peng D, Gleyzer R, Tai WH, Kumar P, Bian Q, Isaacs B, da Rocha EL, Cai S, DiNapoli K, Huang FW, Cahan P. Evaluating the transcriptional fidelity of cancer models. Genome Med 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 33926541 PMCID: PMC8086312 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer researchers use cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, engineered mice, and tumoroids as models to investigate tumor biology and to identify therapies. The generalizability and power of a model derive from the fidelity with which it represents the tumor type under investigation; however, the extent to which this is true is often unclear. The preponderance of models and the ability to readily generate new ones has created a demand for tools that can measure the extent and ways in which cancer models resemble or diverge from native tumors. METHODS We developed a machine learning-based computational tool, CancerCellNet, that measures the similarity of cancer models to 22 naturally occurring tumor types and 36 subtypes, in a platform and species agnostic manner. We applied this tool to 657 cancer cell lines, 415 patient-derived xenografts, 26 distinct genetically engineered mouse models, and 131 tumoroids. We validated CancerCellNet by application to independent data, and we tested several predictions with immunofluorescence. RESULTS We have documented the cancer models with the greatest transcriptional fidelity to natural tumors, we have identified cancers underserved by adequate models, and we have found models with annotations that do not match their classification. By comparing models across modalities, we report that, on average, genetically engineered mice and tumoroids have higher transcriptional fidelity than patient-derived xenografts and cell lines in four out of five tumor types. However, several patient-derived xenografts and tumoroids have classification scores that are on par with native tumors, highlighting both their potential as faithful model classes and their heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS CancerCellNet enables the rapid assessment of transcriptional fidelity of tumor models. We have made CancerCellNet available as a freely downloadable R package ( https://github.com/pcahan1/cancerCellNet ) and as a web application ( http://www.cahanlab.org/resources/cancerCellNet_web ) that can be applied to new cancer models that allows for direct comparison to the cancer models evaluated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Rachel Gleyzer
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Tai
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Pavithra Kumar
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Qin Bian
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Bradley Isaacs
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Stephanie Cai
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kathleen DiNapoli
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Franklin W. Huang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Helen Diller Family Cancer Center; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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12
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Januszyk P, Januszyk K, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Boroń D, Grabarek B. Analysis of the Differences in the Expression of mRNAs and miRNAs Associated with Drug Resistance in Endometrial Cancer Cells Treated with Salinomycin. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:541-548. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200629151008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background:
It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer
drug resistance and to study the activity of new drugs, e.g. salinomycin.
Objective:
The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the expression of genes associated with drug resistance in the
Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line when treated with salinomycin. In addition, changes in the level of miRNA potentially
regulating these mRNAs were evaluated.
Materials and Methods:
Endometrial cancer cells were treated with 1 μM of salinomycin for 12, 24
and 48 hours periods. Untreated cells were a control culture. The molecular analysis consists of mRNA
and miRNA microarray analysis and the RTqPCR technique.
Results:
The following was observed about the number of mRNAs differentiating the cell culture exposed
to the drug compared to a control culture: H-12 vs. C - 9 mRNAs, H_24 vs. C - 6 mRNAs, and
H_48 vs. C - 1 mRNA. It was noted that 4 of the 9 differentiating mRNAs were characteristic for 12
hours of exposure to salinomycin and they correspond to the following genes: TUFT1, ABCB1,
MTMR11, and MX2. After 24 hours, 2 mRNAs were characteristic for this time of incubation cells
with salinomycin: TUFT1 and MYD88 and after 48 hours, SLC30A5 could also be observed.
Discussion:
The highest differences in expression were indicated for TUFT1, MTMR11, and SLC30A5.
The highest influence probability was determined between TUFT1 and hsa- miR-3188 (FC + 2.48),
MTMR11and has-miR-16 (FC -1.74), and between SLC30A5 and hsa-miR-30d (FC -2.01).
Conclusions:
Salinomycin induces changes in the activity of mRNA and miRNA participating in drug
resistance; however, the observed changes in character are the expected result of anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Januszyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Januszyk
- Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wierzbik-Strońska
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beniamin Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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13
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Talkowski K, Kiełbasiński K, Peszek W, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Oplawski M. Salinomycin Modulates the Expression of mRNAs and miRNAs Related to Stemness in Endometrial Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:317-326. [PMID: 32564748 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16666200621160742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, has a strong anti-cancer effect, inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells and cancer stem cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the influence of salinomycin on the expression profile of genes related to stemness and miRNA regulating their expression in endometrial cancer cells. METHODS Endometrial cancer cells of cell line Ishikawa were exposed to salinomycin at concentrations in the range of 0.1-100 μM, with the aim of determining its pro-apoptotic potential and the concentration which would cause the death of 50% of the cells (Sulforhodamine B test). In the following stages, the cells were incubated with the drug at a concentration of 1μM for 12,24 and 48 hour periods and compared to the control. Determining the changes in the expression of the genes related to stemness and regulating their miRNA was done using the microarray technique and RTqPCR. ELISA assay was performed in order to determine the level of TGFβ2, COL14A1, CDH2, WNT5A in cell culture under salinomycin treatment in comparison to the control. RESULTS Salinomycin caused the apoptosis of cells. For the concentration of 0.1 μM, a decrease in the population of living cells by 11.9% was determined. For 1 μM, it was 49.8%, for 10 μM -69.4%, and for a concentration of 100 μM - 87.9%. The most noticeable changes in the expression caused by the addition of salinomycin into the culture were noted for mRNA: TGFβ2; WNT5A (up-regulated); COL14A1; CDH2 (down-regulated), as well as miRNA: hsa-miR-411 (up-regulated); hsa-miR-200a; hsa-miR-33a; hsa-miR-199a; hsa-miR-371-5p; hsa-miR-374; hsa-miR-374b (down-regulated). CONCLUSION It was confirmed that salinomycin has an influence on the stemness process. The most noticeable changes in the expression were noted for mRNA: TGFβ2; COL14A1; CDH2; WNT5A, as well as for miRNA: hsa-miR-200a; hsa-miR-33a; hsa-miR-199a; hsa-miR-371-5p; hsa-miR-411; hsa-miR- 374a; hsa-miR-374b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Talkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Kiełbasiński
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ruda Slaska, Medical University of Silesia, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Wojciech Peszek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Skok K, Gradišnik L, Maver U, Kozar N, Sobočan M, Takač I, Arko D, Kavalar R. Gynaecological cancers and their cell lines. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3680-3698. [PMID: 33650759 PMCID: PMC8051715 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are widely used for various research purposes including cancer and drug research. Recently, there have been studies that pointed to discrepancies in the literature and usage of cell lines. That is why we have prepared a comprehensive overview of the most common gynaecological cancer cell lines, their literature, a list of currently available cell lines, and new findings compared with the original studies. A literature review was conducted via MEDLINE, PubMed and ScienceDirect for reviews in the last 5 years to identify research and other studies related to gynaecological cancer cell lines. We present an overview of the current literature with reference to the original studies and pointed to certain inconsistencies in the literature. The adherence to culturing rulesets and the international guidelines helps in minimizing replication failure between institutions. Evidence from the latest research suggests that despite certain drawbacks, variations of cancer cell lines can also be useful in regard to a more diverse genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristijan Skok
- Department of pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Kozar
- Division of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sobočan
- Division of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Takač
- Division of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Darja Arko
- Division of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rajko Kavalar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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15
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Kiełbasiński K, Peszek W, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Oplawski M. Effect of Salinomycin on Expression Pattern of Genes Associated with Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1269-1277. [PMID: 32400328 PMCID: PMC7604770 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200513074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Salinomycin is part of a group of ionophore antibiotics characterized by an activity towards tumor cells. To this day, the mechanism through which salinomycin induces their apoptosis is not fully known yet. The goal of this study was to assess the expression pattern of genes and the proteins coded by them connected with the process of programmed cell death in an endometrial cancer cell Ishikawa culture exposed to salinomycin and compared to the control. Materials and Methods Analysis of the effect of salinomycin on Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells (ECACC 99040201) included a cytotoxicity MTT test (with a concentration range of 0.1-100 µM), assessment of the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by salinomycin at a concentration of 1 µM as well the assessment of the expression of the genes chosen in the microarray experiment (microarray HG-U 133A_2) and the proteins coded by them connected with apoptosis (RTqPCR, ELISA assay). The statistical significance level for all analyses carried out as part of this study was p<0.05. Results It was observed that salinomycin causes the death of about 50% of cells treated by it (50.74±0.80% of all cells) at a concentration of 1µM. The decrease in the number of living cells was determined directly after treatment of the cells with the drug (time 0). The average percent of late apoptotic cells was 1.65±0.24% and 0.57±0.01% for necrotic cells throughout the entire observation period. Discussion Microarray analysis indicated the following number of mRNA differentiating the culture depending on the time of incubation with the drug: H_12 vs C = 114 mRNA, H_8 vs C = 84 mRNA, H_48 vs. C = 27 mRNA, whereas 5 mRNAs were expressed differently at all times. During the whole incubation period of the cells with the drug, the following dependence of the expression profile of the analyzed transcripts was observed: Bax>p53>FASL>BIRC5>BCL2L. Conclusion The analysis carried out indicated that salinomycin, at a concentration of 1 µM, stopped the proliferation of 50% of endometrial cancer cells, mainly by inducing the apoptotic process of the cells. The molecular exponent of the induction of programmed cell death was an observed increase in the transcriptional activity of pro-apoptotic genes: Bax;p53;FASL and a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic genes: BCL2L2; BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kiełbasiński
- Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology in Ruda Slaska, Medical University of Silesia, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Wojciech Peszek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Krakow Branch, Kraków, Poland,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland,Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Krakow Branch, Kraków, Poland,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Xiaobing L, Chunling N, Wenyu C, Yan C, Zhenzhen L. Effect of Danggui-Shaoyao-San-Containing Serum on the Renal Tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1204-1212. [PMID: 32297575 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200416094318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS)-containing serum on the renal tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) in high glucose- induced HK-2 cells and its mechanism. METHODS 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group, DSS low dose group (DSS-L), DSS middle dose group (DSS-M), and DSS high dose group (DSS-H). DSS was administrated to the corresponding group (7g/kg/d, 14g/kg/d and 21g/kg/d) for 7 consecutive days, and the same volume of saline was given to the blank control group by gavage. The rat drug-containing serum was successfully prepared. HK-2 cells were divided into five groups: blank control group, model group, DSS-L, DSS-M, DSS-H, according to the corresponding drug and dose of each treatment group. Protein and mRNA levels of Jagged1, Notch1, Hes5, Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD), E-cadherin, alpha- Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) and vimentin at 24h, 48h and 72h were detected by Western Blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS The protein and mRNA levels of Jagged1, Notch1, Hes5, NICD, α-SMA and vimentin in the treatment groups were remarkably decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05), and the protein and mRNA levels of E-cadherin were notably increased (P<0.05) by Western Blot and RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that DSS could prevent DN by ameliorating renal tubular EMT through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiaobing
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Niu Chunling
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chen Wenyu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450011, China
| | - Chen Yan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450011, China
| | - Li Zhenzhen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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17
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Chelariu-Raicu A, Stur E, Liu Y, Corvigno S, Bartsch F, Redfern L, Zand B, Kang Y, Liu J, Baggerly K, Sood AK. Blockade of the Short Form of Prolactin Receptor Induces FOXO3a/EIF-4EBP1-Mediated Cell Death in Uterine Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1943-1954. [PMID: 32737156 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activity of human prolactin (PRL) and its membrane-associated receptor (PRLR) contributes to the progression of uterine carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, and current means of targeting the PRL/PRLR axis in uterine cancer are limited. Our integrated analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases demonstrated that a short form of PRLR (PRLR_SF) is the isoform predominantly expressed in human uterine cancers; expression of this PRLR_SF was elevated in uterine cancers in comparison with cancer-free uterine tissues. We hypothesized that the overexpression of PRLR_SF in uterine cancer cells contributes, in part, to the oncogenic activity of the PRL/PRLR axis. Next, we employed G129R, an antagonist of human PRL, to block the PRL/PRLR axis in both PTEN wt and PTEN mut orthotopic mouse models of uterine cancer. In comparison with control groups, treatment with G129R as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel resulted in a significant reduction of growth and progression of orthotopic uterine tumors. Results from protein profiling of uterine cancer cells and in vivo tumors revealed a set of new downstream targets for G129R. Our results showed that G129R induced sub-G0 population arrest, decreased nascent protein synthesis, and initiated FOXO3a/EIF-4EBP1-mediated cell death in both PTEN wt and PTEN mut uterine cancer cells. Collectively, our results show a unique pattern of PRLR_SF expression predominantly in uterine cancer. Moreover, FOXO3a and EIF-4EBP1 are important mediators of cell death following G129R treatment in uterine cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elaine Stur
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faith Bartsch
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Lauren Redfern
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Peszek W, Kras P, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Oplawski M. Cisplatin Changes Expression of SEMA3B in Endometrial Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1368-1376. [PMID: 32410560 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200514215839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) is characterized as a strong suppressing factor of the proliferation of cancerous cells and also by its anti-angiogenic effect. However, the knowledge on the changes in the expression profile of SEMA3B under the influence of cisplatin in endometrial cancer remains fragmented. The aim of this work was to note the changes in expression of SEMA3B when under the influence of cisplatin in the endometrial cancer cell line. METHODS Ishikawa cell line cells were exposed to three different concentrations of cisplatin: 2.5μM; 5μM; 10μM for 12, 24 and 48 hours and were compared to cells untreated by the drug. Changes in the expression profile of SEMA3B were determined based upon RtqPCR (mRNA) alongside the ELISA assay (protein). The Statistica 13.0 PL program was used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS Changes on the transcriptome level seem to be more dynamic than on the proteome level. Regardless of the concentration given or the exposition period, the expression of semaphorin 3B was, in fact, higher in cells exposed to cisplatin. Statistically substantial differences (p<0.05) in the expression of SEMA3B mRNA and protein were seen for all incubation periods at the given cisplatin level when compared to the control. CONCLUSION Cisplatin causes a growth in the expression of SEMA3B in an endometrial cancer cell culture, this results in the restoration in the state of cell homeostasis and shows the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, including a low risk of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Peszek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kras
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland,Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland,Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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Regulation of human trophoblast surrogate Jeg-3 spheroids implantation potential by Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lin28a/let-7a axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Januszyk K, Januszyk P, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Oplawski M. The Influence of Salinomycin on the Expression Profile of mRNAs Encoding Selected Caspases and MiRNAs Regulating their Expression in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1505-1515. [PMID: 32407273 PMCID: PMC8206191 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200514095043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis could take place in the pathway dependent on death receptors or pathways dependent on mitochondria. In both, a key role is played by enzymes with protease activity, known as caspases. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the variances in the expression pattern of caspase-dependent signaling pathways in the endometrial cancer cell line when treated with salinomycin. Additionally, the changes in the level of miRNA that potentially regulate these mRNAs were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endometrial cancer cells were treated with 1 μM of salinomycin for 12, 24 and 48 hours. Untreated cells made up the control culture. The molecular analysis consisted of screening mRNA and miRNA microarray expression profiles of caspases, and the evaluation of the expression of caspases 3,8 and 9 by RTqPCR, also on the protein level. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was observed that 5 of the 14 differentiating mRNAs were commonly found for all incubation times of the cells and they corresponded with CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9 genes. The highest impact probability was determined between CASP3(up-regulated) and hsa- miR- 30d (FC -2.01), CASP8 (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-21 (FC +1.39) and between CASP9 (upregulated) and hsa-miR-1271 (FC +1.71). CONCLUSION Salinomycin induces the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. The largest increase in activity was noted for caspases 3 and 9, while the expression of caspase 8 was decreased. Salinomycin causes a regulatory effect on the transcriptomes of mRNA and miRNA in in vitro endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Januszyk
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Poland;, E-mail:
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Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies worldwide. One type of research in this field is the growing of cell lines (CLs) and cultures, which can be used to explore the biological mechanisms of cancer. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the current literature and highlight the importance of correct CL studies. We carried out a literature analysis of more than 60 articles from the Pubmed, Medline databases that were almost exclusively published in indexed journals in the last 10 years as well as the primary originating scientific studies of specific CLs. We then summarized the newest findings and recommendations. Cell lines are becoming widely used as in vitro tumour models. Recent work has shown inconsistencies in nomenclature and culturing of CLs. Their genomic evolution leads to a high degree of variation across CL strains therefore it is of the utmost importance to recognize the variability within laboratory cancer models. Laboratories must adapt, incorporate additional characterisation techniques and view this situation as an opportunity to improve the reproducibility of pre-clinical cancer research. The authors offer a comprehensive literature review about endometrial cancer CLs, a review of the current literature and advice on culturing CLs.
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Szumilak M, Lichota A, Olczak A, Szczesio M, Stańczak A. Molecular insight into quinazoline derivatives with cytotoxic activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kozak J, Wdowiak P, Maciejewski R, Torres A. Interactions between microRNA-200 family and Sestrin proteins in endometrial cancer cell lines and their significance to anoikis. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:21-34. [PMID: 31073887 PMCID: PMC6679835 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we intend to determine whether Sestrin proteins 1, 2, and 3 (SESN1-3) are targets of microRNA-200 family (miR-200) in endometrial cancer (EC) Ishikawa, AN3CA, KLE, and RL 95-2 cell lines and to investigate how these potential interactions influence anoikis resistance of EC cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blotting assays were used to verify whether SESN1-3 are direct targets of miR-200. Moreover, the anoikis assay and transient transfections of miR-200 mimics or inhibitors into EC cell lines were performed to evaluate the modulatory role of miR-200 and SESN proteins on anoikis resistance. We demonstrated that SESN2 protein is a direct target of mir-141 in KLE and RL-95-2 EC cell lines and the functional interaction of miR-141 and SESN2 protein has a downstream effect on anoikis resistance and SESN2 expression level in Ishikawa and AN3CA cell lines. Moreover, we have shown that SESN3 protein is a direct target of miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-429 in Ishikawa, AN3CA, and KLE cell lines. Our results show that manipulation of miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-429 expression patterns also has an influence on anoikis resistance in EC cell lines. In conclusion, we identified new interactions between miR-200 and the oxidative stress response SESN proteins that affect anoikis resistance in human EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozak
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paulina Wdowiak
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Torres
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Garikapati KK, Ammu VVVRK, Krishnamurthy PT, Chintamaneni PK, Pindiprolu SKSS. Possible role of Thiazolidinedione in the management of Type-II Endometrial Cancer. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:78-81. [PMID: 31010504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Type-II Endometrial Cancer (EMC) is one of the most common types of gynaecological cancer affecting more than 2.7 million people worldwide. Clinical evidence shows that adipokines levels are abnormally altered in Type-II EMC and reported to be one of the major responsible factor for uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis in Type-II EMC. Reversing the altered adipokine levels, therefore, help to control Type-II EMC proliferation and metastasis. In the present hypothesis we focus on the possible role of Thiazolidinediones in favourably altering the adipokine levels to benefit in the management of Type-II EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari Garikapati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (a Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - V V V Ravi Kiran Ammu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (a Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (a Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643001, India.
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (a Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (a Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
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Van Nyen T, Moiola CP, Colas E, Annibali D, Amant F. Modeling Endometrial Cancer: Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2348. [PMID: 30096949 PMCID: PMC6121384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of cancer of the female reproductive tract. Although prognosis is generally good for patients with low-grade and early-stage diseases, the outcomes for high-grade and metastatic/recurrent cases remain poor, since traditional chemotherapy regimens based on platinum and taxanes have limited effects. No targeted agents have been approved so far, although several new drugs have been tested without striking results in clinical trials. Over the last decades, many efforts have been made towards the establishment and development of preclinical models, aiming at recapitulating the structural and molecular determinants of the disease. Here, we present an overview of the most commonly used in vitro and in vivo models and discuss their peculiar features, describing their main applications and the value in the advancement of both fundamental and translational endometrial cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Nyen
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cristian P Moiola
- Pathological Oncology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institute of Research, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (Avl-NKI) and University Medical Centra (UMC), 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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