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Wang X, Yang X, Xiao X, Li X, Chen C, Sun D. Biomimetic design of platelet-rich plasma controlled release bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132124. [PMID: 38723802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel is renowned in the field of tissue engineering for its high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical strength, and eco-friendliness. Herein, we present a biomimetic mineralization method for preparing BC/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite hydrogel scaffolds with different mineralization time and ion concentration of the mineralized solution. Spherical HAP reinforcement enhanced bone mineralization, thereby imparting increased bioactivity to BC matrix materials. Subsequently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was introduced into the scaffold. The PRP-loaded hydrogel enhanced the release of growth factors, which promoted cell adhesion, growth, and bone healing. After 3 weeks of MC3T3-E1 cell-induced osteogenesis, PRP positively affected cell differentiation in BC/HAP@PRP scaffolds. Overall, these scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility, mineralized nodule formation, and controlled release in vitro, demonstrating great potential for application in bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Wang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xueqian Li
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chuntao Chen
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China.
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2
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Grzelak A, Hnydka A, Higuchi J, Michalak A, Tarczynska M, Gaweda K, Klimek K. Recent Achievements in the Development of Biomaterials Improved with Platelet Concentrates for Soft and Hard Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1525. [PMID: 38338805 PMCID: PMC10855389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrates such as platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin or concentrated growth factors are cost-effective autologous preparations containing various growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. For this reason, they are often used in regenerative medicine to treat wounds, nerve damage as well as cartilage and bone defects. Unfortunately, after administration, these preparations release growth factors very quickly, which lose their activity rapidly. As a consequence, this results in the need to repeat the therapy, which is associated with additional pain and discomfort for the patient. Recent research shows that combining platelet concentrates with biomaterials overcomes this problem because growth factors are released in a more sustainable manner. Moreover, this concept fits into the latest trends in tissue engineering, which include biomaterials, bioactive factors and cells. Therefore, this review presents the latest literature reports on the properties of biomaterials enriched with platelet concentrates for applications in skin, nerve, cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Grzelak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Hnydka
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Julia Higuchi
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prymasa Tysiaclecia Avenue 98, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Michalak
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4 a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Tarczynska
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (K.G.)
- Arthros Medical Centre, Chodzki 31 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gaweda
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.T.); (K.G.)
- Arthros Medical Centre, Chodzki 31 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klimek
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.H.)
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3
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Chen CF, Wang PF, Liao HT. Platelet-Rich Plasma Lysate Enhances the Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:S12-S20. [PMID: 38285990 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have become an accepted source of cells in bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to investigate whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) lysate can replace traditional fetal bovine serum as a culture medium with the enhanced proliferation and osteogenic potential of ADSCs. We divided the experiment into 5 groups where the ADSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium containing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% PRP lysate with 10% fetal bovine serum as the control group. The cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP stain, alizarin red stain, osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression, and osteogenic-specific gene expression were analyzed and compared among these groups. The outcome showed that all PRP lysate-treated groups had good ALP stain and ALP activity performance. Better alizarin red stains were found in the 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% PRP lysate groups. The 2.5% and 5% PRP lysate groups showed superior results in OCN quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whereas the 5% and 7.5% PRP lysate groups showed higher OCN protein expressions. Early RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2 () genes were the most expressed in the 5% PRP lysate group, followed by the 2.5% PRP lysate group, and then the 7.5% PRP lysate group. Thus, we concluded that 5% PRP lysate seemed to provide the optimal effect on enhancing the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Platelet-rich plasma lysate-treated ADSCs were considered to be a good cell source for application in treating nonunion or bone defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Chen
- Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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4
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Yazdanian M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Rahbar M, Farjood A, Tahmasebi E, Tebyaniyan H, Ranjbar R, Hesam Arefi A. Synthetic materials in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A comprehensive overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:987195. [PMID: 36440445 PMCID: PMC9681815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.987195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell's microenvironment. Imitating the cell's natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue. Craniofacial tissue engineering refers to regenerating tissues found in the brain and the face parts such as bone, muscle, and artery. More biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds are more commensurate with tissue remodeling and more appropriate for cell culture, signaling, and adhesion. Synthetic materials play significant roles and have become more prevalent in medical applications. They have also been used in different forms for producing a microenvironment as ECM for cells. Synthetic scaffolds may be comprised of polymers, bioceramics, or hybrids of natural/synthetic materials. Synthetic scaffolds have produced ECM-like materials that can properly mimic and regulate the tissue microenvironment's physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, manage adherence of biomolecules and adjust the material's degradability. The present review article is focused on synthetic materials used in craniofacial tissue engineering in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahbar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amin Farjood
- Orthodontic Department, Dental School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Hesam Arefi
- Dental Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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5
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Sampath S, Jaisankar SN, Selvakumar R, Krishnakumar GS. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of decellularized cellulose scaffolds functionalized with chitosan and platelet rich plasma for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:522-535. [PMID: 35841966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the fabrication of cellulose scaffold (CS) and cellulose-chitosan (CS/CHI) scaffolds from the immature endosperm of Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) (BF) loaded with platelet rich plasma (PRP). Thus, developed scaffolds were evaluated for their physicochemical and mechanical behavior, growth factor release and biological performance. Additionally, in vivo response was assessed in a sub cutaneous rat model to study vascularization, host inflammatory response and macrophage polarization. The results of this study demonstrated that CS and CS/CHI scaffolds with PRP demonstrated favorable physiochemical and morphogical properties. The scaffold groups CS-PRP and CS/CHI-PRP were able to release growth factors in a well sustained manner under physiological conditions. The presence of PRP in cellulosic scaffolds did show significant differences in their behavior when investigated under in vitro studies, where the release of diverse cytokines improved the cellular proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Finally, the PRP enriched scaffolds when studied under in vivo conditions showed increased angiogenesis and re-epithelialization with adequate collagen deposition and tissue remodeling. Our results suggest that besides the conventional carrier systems, this new-generation of plant-based cellulosic scaffolds with/without any modification can serve as a suitable carrier for PRP encapsulation and release, which can be used in numerous tissue regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowndarya Sampath
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Jaisankar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Shankar Krishnakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Labusca L. Adipose tissue in bone regeneration - stem cell source and beyond. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:372-392. [PMID: 35949397 PMCID: PMC9244952 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized. Different AT compartments (white AT, brown AT and bone marrow AT) and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented. AT-derived stem cell populations - adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent-like stem cells. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources. Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described. The current use of AT- or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented, as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Magnetic Materials and Sensors, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi 700050, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania
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7
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Kharat Z, Amiri Goushki M, Sarvian N, Asad S, Dehghan MM, Kabiri M. Chitosan/PEO nanofibers containing Calendula officinalis extract: Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation for wound healing applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121132. [PMID: 34563618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex pathophysiological process, highlighting the importance of effective and thorough wound care along with the prevention of wound infection, a major barrier that can slow down or even disrupt the healing process. To date, there are plenty of herbal plants well known and historically supernatural, showing profound wound healing effects. Application of such herbal extracts/ingredients in electrospun nanofiber platforms has shown promising outcomes in improving wound healing process. Based on these facts, we loaded Calendula officinalis extract (CO) in chitosan/polyethylene oxide scaffolds (CS/PEO) by electrospinning. Using SEM, morphology of electrospun scaffolds showed a narrow range of fiber diameter, around 143--252 nm, with uniform and bead-free appearance. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CO extract in nanofibrous scaffolds. Of importance, incorporation of CO extract improved mechanical properties of CS/PEO nanofibers. A 1602 cP reduction in viscosity and a 0.892 ms/cm increase in the conductivity of the solution was observed after addition of the CO extract. CO extract showed strong antibacterial properties with 96% and 94% reduction in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, respectively. In vitro studies with fibroblast cells confirmed enhanced proliferation, growth and attachment of the cells. The in vivo and histological analysis of rat wounds, revealed excellent wound healing ability of CS/PEO/CO dressings (87.5 % wound closure after 14 days) via improving collagen synthesis, re-epithelization and remodeling of the tissue. In sum, our findings show that CS/PEO/CO scaffolds can be used as a promising dressing for the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kharat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mehdi Amiri Goushki
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-1561, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sarvian
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran.
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Shahsavari Alavijeh M, Rad I, Hatamie S. Magnetic nanocomposite’s mechanism of action during the hyperthermia treatment of the breast cancer. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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9
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Fang J, Wang X, Jiang W, Zhu Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao J, Zhang W, Peng J, Wang Y. Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy in the Treatment of Diseases Associated with Orthopedic Injuries. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:571-585. [PMID: 32380937 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous platelet concentrate prepared from the whole blood that is activated to release growth factors (GFs) and cytokines and has been shown to have the potential capacity to reduce inflammation and improve tissue anabolism for regeneration. The use of PRP provides a potential for repair due to its abundant GFs and cytokines, which are key in initiating and modulating regenerative microenvironments for soft and hard tissues. Among outpatients, orthopedic injuries are common and include bone defects, ligament injury, enthesopathy, musculoskeletal injury, peripheral nerve injury, chronic nonhealing wounds, articular cartilage lesions, and osteoarthritis, which are caused by trauma, sport-related or other types of trauma, or tumor resection. Surgical intervention is often required to treat these injuries. However, for numerous reasons regarding limited regeneration capacity and insufficient blood supply of the defect region, these treatments commonly result in unsatisfactory outcomes, and follow-up treatment is challenging. The aim of the present review is to explore future research in the field of PRP therapy in the treatment of diseases associated with orthopedic injuries. Impact statement In recent years, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become widely used in the treatment of diseases associated with orthopedic injuries, and the results of numerous studies are encouraging. Due to diseases associated with orthopedic injuries being common in clinics, as a conservative treatment, more and more doctors and patients are more likely to accept PRP. Importantly, PRP is a biological product of autologous blood that is obtained by a centrifugation procedure to enrich platelets from whole blood, resulting in few complications, such as negligible immunogenicity from an autologous source, and it is also simple to produce through an efficient and cost-effective method in a sterile environment. However, the applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of PRP therapy have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present review is to explore future research in the field of PRP therapy in the treatment of diseases associated with orthopedic injuries, as well as to provide references for clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China.,Graduate School of The North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, P.R. China.,Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Zhu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Hu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanxu Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Song
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinjuan Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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10
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Xu HH, Li SM, Fang L, Xia CJ, Zhang P, Xu R, Shi ZY, Zou Z, Ge QW, Wang P, Tong PJ, Jin HT. Platelet-rich plasma promotes bone formation, restrains adipogenesis and accelerates vascularization to relieve steroids-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Platelets 2020; 32:950-959. [PMID: 32835568 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1810221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-associated necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is one of the most common and refractory chronic diseases with increasing incidence. The typical pathological changes of SANFH include decreased osteogenic differentiation, enhanced intramedullary adipocytes deposition and impaired osseous circulation. In this study, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on SANFH. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, PRP donor, model, and PRP groups. Compared to the model group, PRP treatment significantly increased the hemorheological indexes and serum levels of bone gla-protein (BGP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Meanwhile, Micro-CT and histopathological stain (Hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue-hematoxylin/orange G staining) were performed on the femoral head for morphological and histopathological evaluation, indicating that bone trabecular microstructure and bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly improved after PRP treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PRP remarkably up-regulated the expression of osteogenic markers including β-catenin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), angiogenic markers containing VEGF and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), while down-regulated adipogenic markers involving fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in SANFH rat models. In summary, for the first time, PRP was demonstrated to prevent the development of SANFH through stimulating bone formation and vascularization as well as retarding adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suo-Mi Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Jie Xia
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Shi
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Wen Ge
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pinger Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Jian Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Ting Jin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Serrano-Bello J, Cruz-Maya I, Suaste-Olmos F, González-Alva P, Altobelli R, Ambrosio L, Medina LA, Guarino V, Alvarez-Perez MA. In vivo Regeneration of Mineralized Bone Tissue in Anisotropic Biomimetic Sponges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:587. [PMID: 32775319 PMCID: PMC7381345 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, alginate scaffolds have been variously studied as extracellular matrix analogs for tissue engineering. However, relevant evidence is still lacking concerning their ability to mimic the microenvironment of hierarchical tissues such as bone. Hence, an increasing amount of attention has recently been devoted to the fabrication of macro/microporous sponges with pore anisotropy able to more accurately replicate the cell niche structure as a trigger for bioactive functionalities. This paper presents an in vivo study of alginate sponges with anisotropic microporous domains (MAS) formed by ionic crosslinking in the presence of different fractions (30 or 50% v) of hydroxyapatite (HA). In comparison with unloaded sponges (MAS0), we demonstrated that HA confers peculiar physical and biological properties to the sponge, depending upon the inorganic fraction used, enabling the sponge to bio-mimetically support the regeneration of newly formed bone. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a preferential orientation of pores, ascribable to the physical constraints exerted by HA particles during the pore network formation. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a chemical affinity of HA with the native mineral phase of the bone. In vitro studies via WST-1 assay showed good adhesion and proliferation of human Dental Pulp-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hDP-MSC) that increased in the presence of the bioactive HA signals. Moreover, in vivo studies via micro-CT and histological analyses of a bone model (e.g., a rat calvaria defect) confirmed that the maximum osteogenic response after 90 days was achieved with MAS30, which supported good regeneration of the calvaria defect without any evidence of inflammatory reaction. Hence, all of the results suggested that MAS is a promising scaffold for supporting the regeneration of hard tissues in different body compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Serrano-Bello
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iriczalli Cruz-Maya
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Fernando Suaste-Olmos
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosaria Altobelli
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Alberto Medina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología/Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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The Effect of Blood-Derived Products on the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originated from Three Different Locations. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1358267. [PMID: 32082382 PMCID: PMC7012275 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1358267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) from fat tissue considered “surgical waste” during joint surgery may provide a potent source for regenerative medicine. Intra-articular, homologous fat tissue (Hoffa's fat pad, pouch fat) might possess a superior chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential in comparison to extra-articular, nonhomologous fat. Blood products might further enhance this potential. Methods AD-MSCs were isolated from fat tissue of 3 donors from 3 locations each, during total knee replacement. Isolated cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. Cells were supplemented with blood products: two types of platelet-rich plasma (EPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of EDTA; CPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of citrate), hyperacute serum (hypACT), and standard fetal calf serum (FCS) as a positive control. The viability of the cells was determined by XTT assay, and the progress of differentiation was tested via histological staining and monitoring of specific gene expression. Results Blood products enhance ex vivo cell metabolism. Chondrogenesis is enhanced by EDTA-PRP and osteogenesis by citrate PRP, whereas hyperacute serum enhances both differentiations comparably. This finding was consistent in histological analysis as well as in gene expression. Lower blood product concentrations and shorter differentiation periods lead to superior histological results for chondrogenesis. Both PRP types had a different biological effect depending upon concentration, whereas hyperacute serum seemed to have a more consistent effect, independent of the used concentration. Conclusion (i) Blood product preparation method, (ii) type of anticoagulant, (iii) differentiation time, and (iv) blood product concentration have a significant influence on stem cell viability and the differentiation potential, favouring no use of anticoagulation, shorter differentiation time, and lower blood product concentrations. Cell-free blood products like hyperacute serum may be considered as an alternative supplementation in regenerative medicine, especially for stem cell therapies.
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Immobilized Laminin-derived Peptide Can Enhance Expression of Stemness Markers in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Şeker Ş, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Autologous protein-based scaffold composed of platelet lysate and aminated hyaluronic acid. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:127. [PMID: 31768643 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a protein-based scaffold using platelet rich plasma (PRP), aminated hyaluronic acid (HA-NH2) and Genipin for potential use in regenerative applications as an autologous tissue engineering scaffold. Human PRP was subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles for obtaining platelet lysates (PL). HA-NH2 was synthesized from hyaluronic acid. PL/HA-NH2 scaffolds were fabricated using different concentrations of genipin (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) and HA-NH2 (10, 20 and 30 mg/mL). Mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the scaffolds were comprehensively investigated. The compressive test findings revealed that crosslinking with 0.1 and 0.2% genipin improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. SEM evaluations showed that the scaffolds exhibited an interconnected and macroporous structure. Besides, porosimetry analysis indicated a wide distribution of the scaffold pore-size. Rheological findings demonstrated that the G' values were higher than the G″ values, indicating that PL/HA-NH2 scaffolds had typical viscoelastic properties. In vitro biocompatibility studies showed that the scaffolds were both cytocompatible and hemocompatible. Alamar Blue test indicated that human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) were able to attach, spread and proliferate on the scaffolds for 21 days-duration. Our findings clearly indicate that PL/HA-NH2 can be a promising autologous candidate scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Şeker
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
- Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Useful Tools with New Applications. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3673857. [PMID: 31781238 PMCID: PMC6875209 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3673857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a crucial element in bone tissue engineering (BTE). They are easy to harvest and isolate, and they are available in significative quantities, thus offering a feasible and valid alternative to other sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), like bone marrow. Together with an advantageous proliferative and differentiative profile, they also offer a high paracrine activity through the secretion of several bioactive molecules (such as growth factors and miRNAs) via a sustained exosomal release which can exert efficient conditioning on the surrounding microenvironment. BTE relies on three key elements: (1) scaffold, (2) osteoprogenitor cells, and (3) bioactive factors. These elements have been thoroughly investigated over the years. The use of ASCs has offered significative new advancements in the efficacy of each of these elements. Notably, the phenotypic study of ASCs allowed discovering cell subpopulations, which have enhanced osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. ASCs favored a better vascularization and integration of the scaffolds, while improvements in scaffolds' materials and design tried to exploit the osteogenic features of ASCs, thus reducing the need for external bioactive factors. At the same time, ASCs proved to be an incredible source of bioactive, proosteogenic factors that are released through their abundant exosome secretion. ASC exosomes can exert significant paracrine effects in the surroundings, even in the absence of the primary cells. These paracrine signals recruit progenitor cells from the host tissues and enhance regeneration. In this review, we will focus on the recent discoveries which have involved the use of ASCs in BTE. In particular, we are going to analyze the different ASCs' subpopulations, the interaction between ASCs and scaffolds, and the bioactive factors which are secreted by ASCs or can induce their osteogenic commitment. All these advancements are ultimately intended for a faster translational and clinical application of BTE.
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16
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Wei L, Wu S, Kuss M, Jiang X, Sun R, Reid P, Qin X, Duan B. 3D printing of silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffold treated with platelet rich plasma for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:256-260. [PMID: 31667442 PMCID: PMC6812411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing/bioprinting are promising techniques to fabricate scaffolds with well controlled and patient-specific structures and architectures for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a composite bioink consisting of silk fibroin (SF), gelatin (GEL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and 3D bioprinted the silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffolds. The 3D bioprinted scaffolds with dual crosslinking were further treated with human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to generate PRP coated scaffolds. Live/Dead and MTT assays demonstrated that PRP treatment could obviously promote the cell growth and proliferation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC). In addition, the treatment of PRP did not significantly affect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression, but significantly upregulated the gene expression levels of late osteogenic markers. This study demonstrated that the 3D printing of silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffolds, in combination with PRP post-treatment, might be a more efficient strategy to promote osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells and has significant potential to be used for bone tissue engineering. 3D printing technology was used to fabricate silk fibroin-based hybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained and implemented to treat 3D printed scaffolds. The PRP treated composite scaffold improved cell proliferation and increased late marker of osteogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, PR China.,Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xiping Jiang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Runjun Sun
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Patrick Reid
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68516, USA
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17
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Lukášová V, Buzgo M, Vocetková K, Sovková V, Doupník M, Himawan E, Staffa A, Sedláček R, Chlup H, Rustichelli F, Amler E, Rampichová M. Needleless electrospun and centrifugal spun poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds as a carrier for platelets in tissue engineering applications: A comparative study with hMSCs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:567-575. [PMID: 30678943 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biofunctionalization of scaffolds for tissue engineering is crucial to improve the results of regenerative therapies. This study compared the effect of platelet-functionalization of 2D electrospun and 3D centrifugal spun scaffolds on the osteogenic potential of hMSCs. Scaffolds prepared from poly-ε-caprolactone, using electrospinning and centrifugal spinning technology, were functionalized using five different concentrations of platelets. Cell proliferation, metabolic activity and osteogenic differentiation were tested using hMSCs cultured in differential and non-differential medium. The porous 3D structure of the centrifugal spun fibers resulted in higher cell proliferation. Furthermore, the functionalization of the scaffolds with platelets resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell metabolic activity, proliferation and production of an osteogenic marker - alkaline phosphatase. The effect was further promoted by culture in an osteogenic differential medium. The increase in combination of both platelets and osteogenic media shows an improved osteoinduction by platelets in environments rich in inorganic phosphate and ascorbate. Nevertheless, the results of the study showed that the optimal concentration of platelets for induction of hMSC osteogenesis is in the range of 900-3000 × 109 platelets/L. The study determines the potential of electrospun and centrifugal spun fibers with adhered platelets, for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lukášová
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Buzgo
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic; InoCure s.r.o., Politických vězňů 935/13, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K Vocetková
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Sovková
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5-Motol 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - M Doupník
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; InoCure s.r.o., Politických vězňů 935/13, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - E Himawan
- InoCure s.r.o., Politických vězňů 935/13, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A Staffa
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic; InoCure s.r.o., Politických vězňů 935/13, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - R Sedláček
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Chlup
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - F Rustichelli
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Amler
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5-Motol 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - M Rampichová
- University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings (UCEEB), Czech Technical University in Prague, Třinecká 1024, 273 43, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
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