1
|
Rošić Despalatović B, Babić M, Bratanić A, Tonkić A, Ardalić Ž, Vilović K. The Impact of Phenotype of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Inflammation Activity and Therapy on Mucosal Mature Cd83 + Dendritic Cell. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2070. [PMID: 38610835 PMCID: PMC11012704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are well-defined phenotypes of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). A mechanism of inflammation in these diseases is partially controlled by the intestinal dendritic cell (DC). In this study, we observed a mature CD83+ DC in colonic bioptic samples, and its correlation with disease phenotype and activity. Methods: The study included 219 subjects: 100 with UC, 44 with CD and 75 healthy subjects. Colonic biopsy specimens were incubated with the primary antibody Anti-CD83. Intraepithelial CD83+ DCs were counted per 100 enterocytes. The presence of CD83+ DC was analysed according to the type of IBD, histopathologic inflammation activity and treatment outcome. Results: The presence of mature CD83+ DCs (0, ≥1) differed according to disease types of IBD (p = 0.001), histologic inflammation activity (p = 0.049) and applied therapy (p = 0.001). The odds for CD83+ DC presence were 5.2 times higher in the CD group than in the control/UC group. The odds for CD83+ DC presence were 2.6 times higher in subjects without inflammation or chronic inflammation than with acute inflammation. They were also 3.7 times higher in subjects without therapy. The cut-off value 0.5 CD83+ DC (Rock analysis area = 0.699; SE 0.046; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.609-0.788) had been assessed as a differentiation marker between UC and CD. Conclusion: Presence of CD83+ DC could be used as a possible parameter in distinction between UC and CD, as well as a predictor of inflammation activity and treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Babić
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Andre Bratanić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Ante Tonkić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Žarko Ardalić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Katarina Vilović
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kobiela A, Hewelt-Belka W, Frąckowiak JE, Kordulewska N, Hovhannisyan L, Bogucka A, Etherington R, Piróg A, Dapic I, Gabrielsson S, Brown SJ, Ogg GS, Gutowska-Owsiak D. Keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles supply antigens for CD1a-resticted T cells and promote their type 2 bias in the context of filaggrin insufficiency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369238. [PMID: 38585273 PMCID: PMC10995404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exosome-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized organelles known to participate in long distance communication between cells, including in the skin. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations are the strongest genetic risk factor. Filaggrin insufficiency affects multiple cellular function, but it is unclear if sEV-mediated cellular communication originating from the affected keratinocytes is also altered, and if this influences peptide and lipid antigen presentation to T cells in the skin. Methods Available mRNA and protein expression datasets from filaggrin-insufficient keratinocytes (shFLG), organotypic models and AD skin were used for gene ontology analysis with FunRich tool. sEVs secreted by shFLG and control shC cells were isolated from conditioned media by differential centrifugation. Mass spectrometry was carried out for lipidomic and proteomic profiling of the cells and sEVs. T cell responses to protein, peptide, CD1a lipid antigens, as well as phospholipase A2-digested or intact sEVs were measured by ELISpot and ELISA. Results Data analysis revealed extensive remodeling of the sEV compartment in filaggrin insufficient keratinocytes, 3D models and the AD skin. Lipidomic profiles of shFLGsEV showed a reduction in the long chain (LCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; permissive CD1a ligands) and increased content of the bulky headgroup sphingolipids (non-permissive ligands). This resulted in a reduction of CD1a-mediated interferon-γ T cell responses to the lipids liberated from shFLG-generated sEVs in comparison to those induced by sEVs from control cells, and an increase in interleukin 13 secretion. The altered sEV lipidome reflected a generalized alteration in the cellular lipidome in filaggrin-insufficient cells and the skin of AD patients, resulting from a downregulation of key enzymes implicated in fatty acid elongation and desaturation, i.e., enzymes of the ACSL, ELOVL and FADS family. Discussion We determined that sEVs constitute a source of antigens suitable for CD1a-mediated presentation to T cells. Lipids enclosed within the sEVs secreted on the background of filaggrin insufficiency contribute to allergic inflammation by reducing type 1 responses and inducing a type 2 bias from CD1a-restricted T cells, thus likely perpetuating allergic inflammation in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kobiela
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna E. Frąckowiak
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lilit Hovhannisyan
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rachel Etherington
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Piróg
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Dapic
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara J. Brown
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buisson C, Leuzy V, Loizon E, Meugnier E, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Gérard P, Michalski MC, Laugerette F. Soy Lecithin in High-Fat Diets Exerts Dual Effects on Adipose Tissue Versus Ileum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200461. [PMID: 36708587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipopolysaccharides and their transporters, LBP and sCD14, are involved in systemic inflammation following a high-fat diet. Natural emulsifiers such as soy lecithin, rich in soybean polar lipids (SPL), are often used by the food industry but little is known about effects of associating SPL with different oils. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, this study investigates the effects of 4 weeks feeding of palm (P) or rapeseed (R) oil-enriched diets with or without SPL in mice, on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, on ileum permeability, and on microbiota composition. When SPL are associated with rapeseed oil, a greater gene expression of leptin and inflammation in WAT is observed compared to P-SPL. In ileum, R-SPL group results in a lower expression of TLR4, IAP that detoxify bacterial LPS and tight junction proteins than R group. In turn, the gene expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, which have antimicrobial activity, is higher in ileum of R-SPL group than in R group. SPL in rapeseed oil increases specific bacterial species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Bacteroidales. CONCLUSION The incorporation of SPL in a diet with rapeseed oil exerts differential effect on WAT and ileum, with respectively an inflammation of WAT and an antimicrobial activity in ileum, associated with specific microbiota changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charline Buisson
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Valentin Leuzy
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, 69310, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Integrated analysis of microbe-host interactions in Crohn’s disease reveals potential mechanisms of microbial proteins on host gene expression. iScience 2022; 25:103963. [PMID: 35479407 PMCID: PMC9035720 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
5
|
Bernardo D, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Human Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700931. [PMID: 29336524 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a serious, costly, and persistent health problem with an estimated prevalence in Western countries around 0.5% of the general population; its socioeconomic impact is comparable with that for chronic diseases such as diabetes. Conventional treatment involves escalating drug regimens with concomitant side effects followed, in some cases, by surgical interventions, which are often multiple, mainly in Crohn's disease. The goal of finding a targeted gut-specific immunotherapy for IBD patients is therefore an important unmet need. However, to achieve this goal we first must understand how dendritic cells (DC), the most potent antigen present cells of the immune system, control the immune tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract and how their properties are altered in those patients suffering from IBD. In this review, we summarize the current available information regarding human intestinal DC subsets composition, phenotype, and function in the human gastrointestinal tract describing how, in the IBD mucosa, DC display pro-inflammatory properties, which drive disease progression. A better understanding of the mechanisms inducing DC abnormal profile in IBD may provide us with novel tools to perform tissue specific immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bernardo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dillon SM, Lee EJ, Kotter CV, Austin GL, Gianella S, Siewe B, Smith DM, Landay AL, McManus MC, Robertson CE, Frank DN, McCarter MD, Wilson CC. Gut dendritic cell activation links an altered colonic microbiome to mucosal and systemic T-cell activation in untreated HIV-1 infection. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:24-37. [PMID: 25921339 PMCID: PMC4626441 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-associated disruption of intestinal homeostasis is a major factor contributing to chronic immune activation and inflammation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, but the impact of HIV-1 infection on intestinal DC number and function has not been extensively studied. We compared the frequency and activation/maturation status of colonic myeloid DC (mDC) subsets (CD1c(+) and CD1c(neg)) and plasmacytoid DCs in untreated HIV-1-infected subjects with uninfected controls. Colonic mDCs in HIV-1-infected subjects had increased CD40 but decreased CD83 expression, and CD40 expression on CD1c(+) mDCs positively correlated with mucosal HIV-1 viral load, with mucosal and systemic cytokine production, and with frequencies of activated colon and blood T cells. Percentage of CD83(+)CD1c(+) mDCs negatively correlated with frequencies of interferon-γ-producing colon CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. CD40 expression on CD1c(+) mDCs positively associated with abundance of high prevalence mucosal Prevotella copri and Prevotella stercorea but negatively associated with a number of low prevalence mucosal species, including Rumminococcus bromii. CD1c(+) mDC cytokine production was greater in response to in vitro stimulation with Prevotella species relative to R. bromii. These findings suggest that, during HIV infection, colonic mDCs become activated upon exposure to mucosal pathobiont bacteria leading to mucosal and systemic immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E J Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - C V Kotter
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - G L Austin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - S Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - B Siewe
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - D M Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A L Landay
- Department of Immunology-Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M C McManus
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - C E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Microbiome Research Consortium, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - D N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Microbiome Research Consortium, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - C C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bates JM, Flanagan K, Mo L, Ota N, Ding J, Ho S, Liu S, Roose-Girma M, Warming S, Diehl L. Dendritic cell CD83 homotypic interactions regulate inflammation and promote mucosal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:414-28. [PMID: 25204675 PMCID: PMC4326976 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) form an extensive network in the intestinal lamina propria, which orchestrates the mucosal immune response. Alterations in DC function can predispose to inflammatory bowel disease, although by unknown mechanisms. We show that CD83, a highly regulated DC cell surface protein, modulates the immune response to prevent colitis. Mice with a conditional knockout of CD83 in DCs develop exacerbated colitis following dextran sodium sulfate challenge, whereas mucosal overexpression of CD83 inhibits DC inflammatory response and protects against colitis. These CD83 perturbations can be modeled in vitro where we show that CD83 homotypic interaction occurs via cell-cell contact and inhibits pro-inflammatory responses. CD83 knockdown or cytoplasmic truncation abrogates the effects of homotypic binding. We demonstrate that CD83 homotypic interaction regulates DC activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by inhibiting p38α phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that CD83 homotypic interactions regulate DC activation and promote mucosal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Bates
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - L Mo
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N Ota
- Department of Immunology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J Ding
- Department of Immunology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Ho
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - L Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Magnusson MK, Wick MJ. Intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets: Tipping the balance to Crohn's disease? Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2014; 1:19-24. [PMID: 24466433 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.1.2011.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells and macrophages play an essential role in immune homeostasis in the intestine. They have the critical task of maintaining the balance between tolerance to the intestinal microflora and potential food antigens while retaining the ability to initiate immunity against pathogens. For patients with Crohn's Disease, the tolerance/immunity balance is disturbed and these individuals suffer from chronic intestinal inflammation driven by aberrant T cell reactivity to intestinal bacteria. As antigen presenting cells are required for T cell activation, intestinal phagocytes with the capacity to present antigens from intestinal bacteria to T cells are likely involved in initiating and propagating Crohn's Disease. Recent data describe unique subsets of human intestinal phagocytes that may be involved in the aberrant reactivity to commensal flora that drives Crohn's Disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of phagocyte subsets in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy individuals and Crohn's Disease patients. Deciphering the function of intestinal phagocytes in health and disease is crucial to advance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying this debilitating disease, provides a potential way to improve treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - M J Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan H, Ohno N, Tsuji NM. The role of C-type lectin receptors in immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Silva MA, Jury J, Sanz Y, Wiepjes M, Huang X, Murray JA, David CS, Fasano A, Verdú EF. Increased bacterial translocation in gluten-sensitive mice is independent of small intestinal paracellular permeability defect. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:38-47. [PMID: 21822909 PMCID: PMC3507358 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether treatment with gliadin induces a paracellular permeability defect that enhances bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) via resident dendritic cells (DC) expressing TLR-2 or 4 in HCD4/HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. METHODS HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice were sensitized and subsequently gavaged with gliadin, in the presence or absence of AT1001 (paracellular permeability inhibitor). Non-sensitized mice were gavaged with indomethacin (permeability inducer) or rice cereal. CD11c and CD103 (DC markers) and TLR-2 and 4 were investigated by immunostaining. Intestinal permeability was assessed by paracellular flux of (51)Cr-EDTA in Ussing chambers. Bacterial translocation to MLN was performed by plate counting on aerobic and anaerobic conditions. RESULTS In gliadin-treated mice, both (51)Cr-EDTA flux in jejunal mucosa and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in MLN were increased (p < 0.05) compared to indomethacin-treated mice and controls. The inhibitor AT1001 normalized (51)Cr-EDTA flux, but had no effect on bacterial translocation in gliadin-treated mice. In addition, changes in mucosal DC marker distribution such as increased (p < 0.05) trans-epithelial CD103(+) cells and reduction (p < 0.05) of CD11c immunostaining were detected in gliadin-treated mice. Moreover, changes in DC markers and TLR-2 or 4 immunophenotypes were not associated. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological restoration of paracellular permeability was not sufficient to prevent bacterial translocation in gluten-sensitive mice. We hypothesize that transcellular mechanisms involving CD103(+)DC and CD11c(+)DC may explain in gluten-sensitive HCD4/HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice the sustained increased bacterial translocation observed in the absence of a significant inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Silva
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Man SM, Kaakoush NO, Mitchell HM. The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8:152-68. [PMID: 21304476 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2011.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is widely regarded as a multifactorial disease, and evidence from human and animal studies suggests that bacteria have an instrumental role in its pathogenesis. Comparison of the intestinal microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease to that of healthy controls has revealed compositional changes. In most studies these changes are characterized by an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and a decrease in that of Firmicutes. In addition, a number of specific mucosa-associated bacteria have been postulated to have a role in Crohn's disease, including Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, adherent and invasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Helicobacter species. The association between mutations in pattern-recognition receptors (Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors) and autophagy proteins and Crohn's disease provides further evidence to suggest that defective sensing and killing of bacteria may drive the onset of disease. In this Review, we present recent advances in understanding the role of bacteria and the contribution of pattern-recognition receptors and autophagy in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kono H, Fujii H, Ishii K, Hosomura N, Ogiku M. Dietary medium-chain triglycerides prevent chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Transl Res 2010; 155:131-41. [PMID: 20171598 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) were investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats were given an intracolonic injection of TNBS and were then fed liquid diets containing MCTs or corn oil (AIN93) as controls. Serum and tissue samples were collected 1 week after TNBS enema. The severity of colitis was evaluated pathologically, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured. Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels for inflammatory cytokines and a chemokine were assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In another set of experiments, the protein expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 in the colon was measured 1 week after feeding of liquid diets. To investigate the effects of MCTs on macrophages, RAW246.7 macrophages were incubated with media containing albumin conjugated with MCT or linoleic acid, which is the major component of corn oil. Then, the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured. Dietary MCTs blunted significantly the protein levels of TLR-4 in the colon. Furthermore, the expression of TLR-4 was significantly blunted in RAW264.7 cells incubated with MCTs compared with cells incubated with linoleic acid. Induction of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), TNF-alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in the colon was attenuated by dietary MCT. Furthermore, MPO activities in the colonic tissue were significantly blunted in animals fed the MCT diets compared with those fed the control diets. As a result, dietary MCTs improved chemically induced colitis significantly. MCTs most likely are useful for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease as an anti-inflammatory immunomodulating nutrient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baumgart DC, Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Bielecki C, Lehmann SM, Lehnardt S, Dörffel Y, Sturm A, Scheffold A, Schmitz J, Radbruch A. Exaggerated inflammatory response of primary human myeloid dendritic cells to lipopolysaccharide in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:423-36. [PMID: 19664152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a breakdown of tolerance towards the indigenous flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Failure of dendritic cells (DC) to interpret molecular microbial patterns appropriately when directing innate and adaptive immune responses is conceivable. Primary (conventional, non-monocyte generated) CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD14(-)CD16(-)CD19(-) myeloid blood or mucosal dendritic cells (mDC) from 76 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission, during flare-ups (FU) and 76 healthy or non-IBD controls were analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine secretion of freshly isolated, cultured and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated highly purified mDC (purity >95%) was assessed using cytometric bead arrays (CBA). More cultured and stimulated circulating mDC express CD40 in IBD patients. Stimulated circulating mDC from IBD patients secrete significantly more tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression by mDC was higher in remission and increased significantly in flaring UC and CD patients compared with remission (P < 0.05) and controls (P < 0.001). Fluorochrome-labelled LPS uptake by mDC was evaluated at different time-points over 24 h by measuring mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Circulating mDC from IBD patients take up more LPS and the uptake begins earlier compared with controls (P < 0.05 in CD-FU and UC-FU at 24 h). The frequency of mucosal mDC (P < 0.05) and the number of CD40 expressing mucosal mDC is significantly greater in UC and CD compared with non-IBD controls (P < 0.001 versus P < 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest an aberrant LPS response of mDC in IBD patients, resulting in an inflammatory phenotype and possibly intestinal homing in acute flares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Baumgart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Medical School of the Humboldt-University of Berlin, D-13344 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva MA. Intestinal dendritic cells and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:436-53. [PMID: 18821596 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder considered to be the result of an inappropriate and exaggerated mucosal immune reaction to yet undefined triggers from the gut flora in genetically predisposed individuals. This inflammatory phenomenon has been characterized by an adaptive T-cell response in addition to an abnormal function of the innate immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) are constituents of this innate system, inducing T-cell activation via antigen presentation. In the gut, mucosal DCs are separated from the luminal milieu by a monolayer of cylindrical epithelial cells that forms an anatomical and physiological barrier that controls the normal traffic of antigens between both compartments. An imbalance of colonic and ileal DC distribution in tissues from CD patients as well as functional differences between DCs isolated from normal and diseased intestinal samples have been demonstrated. Moreover, a gut barrier defect in the para- and transepithelial routes in addition to a significant reduction in the intestinal secretion of epithelial products involved in barrier function has been well documented in CD. Therefore, this may expose the diseased mucosa to overwhelming amounts of antigens, resulting in abnormal DC activation and a subsequent imbalance in their distribution. In conclusion, this review provides a summary of relevant progress in CD, intestinal epithelial permeability, and DCs highlighting a potential relationship between increased epithelial permeability and abnormal DC distribution during the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Silva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Intestinal Disease Research Programme, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salim SY, Silva MA, Keita AV, Larsson M, Andersson P, Magnusson KE, Perdue MH, Söderholm JD. CD83+CCR7- dendritic cells accumulate in the subepithelial dome and internalize translocated Escherichia coli HB101 in the Peyer's patches of ileal Crohn's disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:82-90. [PMID: 19095953 PMCID: PMC2631321 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent Crohn's disease originates with small erosions in the follicle-associated epithelium overlying the Peyer's patches. Animal studies have illustrated mucosal immune regulation by dendritic cells located in the subepithelial dome. The aim of this study was to characterize the dendritic cells at this specific site in patients with Crohn's disease. Ileal tissues were obtained after surgery performed on Crohn's patients; ileal samples from noninflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis served as standard and inflammatory controls, respectively. Flow cytometry of isolated intestinal mononuclear cells showed a larger subset of dendritic cells in Crohn's samples compared with controls. This finding was corroborated by confocal microscopy, showing enhanced infiltrates of cells positive for the dendritic cell markers, DC-SIGN(+) and CD83(+), in the subepithelial dome. Moreover, the CD83(+) cells in Crohn's tissues showed reduced expression of the lymph node migratory receptor, CCR7, possibly contributing to the high numbers of dendritic cells. After exposure to nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in Ussing chambers, dendritic cells in the subepithelial dome of Crohn's disease demonstrated increased co-localization with translocated bacteria. Immunohistochemical results revealed that DC-SIGN(+) cells in Crohn's tissues were found to express toll-like receptor 4 and produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In conclusion, nonmigrating dendritic cells that accumulate in the subepithelial dome and internalize nonpathogenic bacteria may be important for the onset and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation in Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ad Y Salim
- Divisions of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|