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Gou J, Wang S, Li X, Yin T, He H, Zhang Y, Tang X, Xiao W, Wang Z. Reduced In vivo burst release of ginkgolide B microcrystals achieved by polymeric H+ depot. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Detopoulou P, Nomikos T, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Association of PAF and its metabolic enzymes with GGT and the Fatty Liver Index in healthy volunteers. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:663-672. [PMID: 34182909 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210628125239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid inflammatory mediator implicated in liver disease. Its main biosynthetic enzymes are cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and acetyl-coenzyme A: lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases (Lyso-PAF-AT), while PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) degrade PAF. OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of PAF metabolism with liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as reflected by the fatty liver index (FLI). METHODS In 106 healthy volunteers, PAF concentration, the activity of its metabolic enzymes, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured in whole blood, leukocytes, and serum, respectively, and the FLI was calculated. Partial correlations and linear regression models were used. RESULTS In males, serum GGT activity was positively correlated with abdominal fat (as assessed by analysis of a manually defined region of interest in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), triacylglycerols, bound-PAF, and Lp-PLA2, while the FLI was positively correlated with Lp-PLA2 activity. In females, serum GGT activity was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (age-adjusted correlations, all p<0.05). Lp-PLA2 was a significant determinant of serum GGT activity in males after controlling for age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and abdominal fat. The addition of bound-PAF in the model significantly increased the explained variance of serum GGT activity (total variance explanation 30%). CONCLUSION Bound-PAF and Lp-PLA2 activity predicted serum GGT activity, while Lp-PLA2 was also related to FLI. Our findings shed light on the metabolic pathways linking Lp-PLA2 to other atherosclerosis and/or oxidative markers, such as HDL-C, LDL-C, GGT, and FLI, and underline the important role of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University; 70, El. Venizelou St. Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
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Ginkgolide B Mediated Alleviation of Inflammatory Cascades and Altered Lipid Metabolism in HUVECs via Targeting PCSK-9 Expression and Functionality. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7284767. [PMID: 31281844 PMCID: PMC6590504 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7284767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential of oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL) to elicit inflammatory responses in macrophages leading to the atherosclerosis (AS) progression is well known. Since proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin-9 (PCSK-9), the posttranslational regulator of LDL-receptor, is associated with elevated LDL in the circulation, the present report was aimed to uncover the ameliorative effects of Ginkgolide B, a terpenic lactone from Ginkgo biloba, against Ox-LDL-induced alterations in cholesterol metabolism in HUVECs. Consequently, our results demonstrated that incubation with Ox-LDL significantly upregulated the PCSK-9 expression in HUVECs, which was significantly downregulated, both at mRNA and protein level, after Ginkgolide B treatment via subsequent suppression of sterol element binding protein (SREBP-2) expression. Moreover, Ginkgolide B-mediated inhibition of PCSK-9 activity was also validated by in silico methods which revealed that it interferes the PSCK-9 interaction with LDL-receptor (LDL-R). Interestingly, Ox-LDL-induced LDL-R expression was further enhanced by Ginkgolide B treatment in HUVECs. Moreover, Ginkgolide B treatment lead to downregulation of lectin-like Ox-LDL receptor (LOX-1) and NADPH oxidase (NOX-4) expression which was upregulated in Ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, along with the attenuation of mitochondrial ROS generation. Furthermore, Ginkgolide B significantly inhibited the augmented expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in Ox-LDL-activated HUVECs. Ginkgolide B also significantly ameliorated the inflammatory response in Ox-LDL-activated HUVECs by suppressing the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), at mRNA and protein level. Our in vitro and in silico study established that Ginkgolide B alleviated the Ox-LDL-induced inflammatory cascades and altered lipid metabolism in HUVECs by suppressing the PCSK-9 and, thus, could be established as a treasured alternative therapeutic candidate in the atherosclerosis management.
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Feng Z, Yang X, Zhang L, Ansari IA, Khan MS, Han S, Feng Y. Ginkgolide B ameliorates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial dysfunction via modulating Lectin-like ox-LDL-receptor-1 and NADPH oxidase 4 expression and inflammatory cascades. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2417-2427. [PMID: 30136446 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to delineate the protective effect of Ginkgolide B, a phyto-constituent from Ginkgo biloba, on oxidized (ox)-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction via targeting Lectin-like ox-LDL-receptor-1 (LOX-1), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), and other inflammatory proteins. Our results have shown that Ginkgolide B downregulated the expression of LOX-1 in ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and RAW246.7 murine macrophages which ultimately resulted in decreased cholesterol deposits in HUVECs and RAW264.7. Moreover, Ginkgolide B suppressed the enhanced NOX4 expression, which was associated with attenuation of ROS generation in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs and RAW264.7 cells. Ginkgolide B also ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the augmented expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in ox-LDL-activated HUVECs. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of many inflammatory cytokines in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, both at transcription and protein level, was significantly down-regulated after Ginkgolide B treatment. Ginkgolide B also illustrated atheroprotective property via suppressing the augmented expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In summary, our study has established that Ginkgolide B ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via targeting LOX-1, NOX-4, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 along with the markers associated with inflammatory cascades and thus could be promoted as a valuable therapeutic agent in prevention and management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbin Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Second Provincal People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of cardiology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shuyi Han
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
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Kispert SE, Marentette J, Campian EC, Isbell TS, Kuenzel H, McHowat J. Cigarette smoke-induced urothelial cell damage: potential role of platelet-activating factor. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13177. [PMID: 28270596 PMCID: PMC5350181 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an environmental risk factor associated with a variety of pathologies including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer development. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder disease with multiple etiological contributors and risk factors associated with its development, including cigarette smoking. Previously, we determined that cigarette smoking was associated with bladder wall accumulation of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator that facilitates transendothelial cell migration of inflammatory cells from the circulation. PAF has been shown to reduce expression of tight junctional proteins which could ultimately lead to increased urothelial cell permeability. In this study, we observed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment of human urothelial cells increases PAF production and PAF receptor expression and reduces wound healing ability. After exposure to cigarette smoke for 6 months, wild-type C57BL/6 mice displayed urothelial thinning and destruction which was not detected in iPLA2β-/- (enzyme responsible for PAF production) animals. We also detected increased urinary PAF concentration in IC/BPS patients when compared to controls, with an even greater increase in urinary PAF concentration in smokers with IC/BPS These data indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with urothelial cell damage that may be a result of increased PAF-PAF receptor interaction. Inhibition of iPLA2β activity or blocking of the PAF-PAF receptor interaction could serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing cigarette smoke-induced bladder damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Kispert
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - John Marentette
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - E Cristian Campian
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - T Scott Isbell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Hannah Kuenzel
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane McHowat
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Yan XQ, Shi YL, Jiang QF, Ping GF, Deng ZJ. Design of amphiphilic PCL-PEG-PCL block copolymers as vehicles of Ginkgolide B and their brain-targeting studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:1497-1510. [PMID: 28532338 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1332470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-qing Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yong-li Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Guan-Fang Ping
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhi-jian Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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Shu ZM, Shu XD, Li HQ, Sun Y, Shan H, Sun XY, Du RH, Lu M, Xiao M, Ding JH, Hu G. Ginkgolide B Protects Against Ischemic Stroke Via Modulating Microglia Polarization in Mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:729-39. [PMID: 27306494 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ginkgolide B (GB) has shown neuroprotective effect in treating ischemic stroke, related to its property of anti-inflammation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether GB is able to modulate microglia/macrophage polarization, which has recently been proven to be vital in the pathology of ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) on C57BL/6J male mice and induced cultured BV2 microglia and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages to be M1/2 phenotype by LPS+ interferon-γ and IL-4, respectively. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used for detecting the specialized protein expression of M1/2, such as CD206 and CD16/32. qPCR was utilized to detect the signature gene change of M1/2. RESULTS GB significantly reduced cerebral ischemic damage and ameliorated the neurological deficits of mice after tMCAO. More importantly, our experiments proved that GB promoted microglia/macrophage transferring from inflammatory M1 phenotype to a protective, anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in vivo or vitro. CV3988 and silencing the platelet activator factor (PAF) receptor by siRNA demonstrated that PAF receptor was involved in the modulation of microglia/macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a novel pharmacological effect of GB in modulating microglia/macrophage polarization after tMCAO, thus deepening our understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms of GB in treatment of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, this new mechanism may allow GB to be used in many other microglia/macrophage polarization-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ma Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 88 Keyuannan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, 88 Keyuannan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Han Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xi-Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ren-Hong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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Marentette J, Kolar G, McHowat J. Increased susceptibility to bladder inflammation in smokers: targeting the PAF-PAF receptor interaction to manage inflammatory cell recruitment. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12641. [PMID: 26660553 PMCID: PMC4760457 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic bladder inflammation can result in a significant reduction in quality of life. Smoking remains a leading preventable risk factor in many diseases. Despite the large amount of evidence supporting the risks of smoking, roughly 45 million people in the United States remain smokers. The impact of cigarette smoking on inflammation is well established, but how smoking promotes bladder inflammation is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if cigarette smoke exposure impacts inflammatory cell adherence to bladder endothelial cells and if targeting the platelet‐activating factor (PAF)–PAF receptor (PAFR) interaction could be beneficial in managing bladder inflammation. In response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) incubation, bladder endothelial cells from human or mouse displayed increased PAF accumulation, decreased PAF‐AH activity, and increased inflammatory cell adherence. Inhibition of endothelial cell calcium‐independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) with (S)‐BEL, to block PAF production, prevented adherence of inflammatory cells. Pretreatment of inflammatory cells with PAFR antagonists, ginkgolide B or WEB2086 significantly reduced the number of adhered cells to bladder endothelium. Wild‐type mice exposed to cigarette smoke displayed increased presence of inflammatory infiltration which was absent in iPLA2β−/− mice and those exposed to room air. In conclusion, cigarette smoke exposure increases endothelial cell PAF accumulation and increased inflammatory cell adherence. Inhibition of PAF accumulation or PAFR antagonism markedly attenuated inflammatory cell adherence to bladder endothelial cells. The results detailed in this study highlight to potential therapeutic targets for managing bladder inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marentette
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane McHowat
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Wang GG, Chen QY, Li W, Lu XH, Zhao X. Ginkgolide B increases hydrogen sulfide and protects against endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Croat Med J 2015; 56:4-13. [PMID: 25727037 PMCID: PMC4364347 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of ginkgolide B treatment on vascular endothelial function in diabetic rats. Methods The study included four groups with 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats: control group; control group treated with ginkgolide B; diabetic group; and diabetic treated with ginkgolide B. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde content, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) protein expression were determined in aortic tissues. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine (PHE) and vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in aortic rings. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured, as well as cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS) protein expression, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Results Diabetes significantly impaired PHE-induced vasoconstriction and Ach-induced vasorelaxation (P < 0.001), reduced NO bioavailability and H2S production (P < 0.001), SOD activity, and GPX1 protein expression (P < 0.001), and increased malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase subunits, and CSE and CBS protein expression (P < 0.001). Ginkgolide B treatment improved PHE vasoconstriction and Ach vasorelaxation (P < 0.001), restored SOD (P = 0.005) and eNOS (P < 0.001) activities, H2S production (P = 0.044) and decreased malondialdehyde content (P = 0.014). Vasorelaxation to SNP was not significantly different in control and diabetic rats with or without ginkgolide B treatment. Besides, ginkgolide B increased GPX1 protein expression and reduced NADPH oxidase subunits, CBS and CSE protein expression. Conclusion Ginkgolide B alleviates endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and elevating NO bioavailability and H2S production in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Guang Wang
- Guo-guang Wang, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, 22 # West of Wenchang Road, Wuhu, China,
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Singh P, Singh IN, Mondal SC, Singh L, Garg VK. Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-antagonists of natural origin. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:180-201. [PMID: 23160091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Presently herbal medicines are being used by about 80% of the world population for primary health care as they stood the test of time for their safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and lesser side effects. The discovery of platelet activating factor antagonists (PAF antagonists) during these decades are going on with different framework, but the researchers led their efficiency in studying in vitro test models. Since it is assumed that PAF play a central role in etiology of many diseases in humans such as asthma, neuronal damage, migraine, cardiac diseases, inflammatory, headache etc. Present days instinctively occurring PAF antagonist exists as a specific grade of therapeutic agents for the humans against these and different diseases either laid hold of immunological or non-immunological types. Ginkgolide, cedrol and many other natural PAF antagonists such as andrographolide, α-bulnesene, cinchonine, piperine, kadsurenone, different Piper species' natural products and marine origin plants extracts or even crude drugs having PAF antagonist properties are being used currently against different inflammatory pathologies. This review is an attempt to summarize the data on PAF and action of natural PAF antagonists on it, which were evaluated by in vivo and in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, R.V.N.I. Dadri, Greater Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Superior Neuroprotective Efficacy of LAU-0901, a Novel Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonist, in Experimental Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2011; 3:154-63. [PMID: 22408693 PMCID: PMC3284672 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) accumulates during cerebral ischemia, and inhibition of this process plays a critical role in neuronal survival. Recently, we demonstrated that LAU-0901, a novel PAF receptor antagonist, is neuroprotective in experimental stroke. We used magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with behavior and immunohistopathology to expand our understanding of this novel therapeutic approach. Sprague–Dawley rats received 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated with LAU-0901 (60 mg/kg) or vehicle 2 h from MCAo onset. Behavioral function, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and apparent diffusion coefficients were performed on days 1, 3, and 7 after MCAo. Infarct volume and number of GFAP, ED-1, and NeuN-positive cells were conducted on day 7. Behavioral deficit was significantly improved by LAU-0901 treatment compared to vehicle on days 1, 3, and 7. Total lesion volumes computed from T2WI were significantly reduced by LAU-0901 on days 1, 3, and 7 (by 83%, 90%, and 96%, respectively), which was consistent with decreased edema formation. Histopathology revealed that LAU-0901 treatment resulted in significant reduction of cortical and subcortical infarct volumes, attenuated microglial infiltration, and promoted astrocytic and neuronal survival. These findings suggest LAU-0901 is a promising neuroprotectant and provide the basis for future therapeutics in patients suffering ischemic stroke.
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Ginkgolide B Reduces Inflammatory Protein Expression in Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-stimulated Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 57:721-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31821a50a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fang W, Geng X, Deng Y, Li Y, Shang E, Cen J, Lv P. Platelet activating factor induces blood brain barrier permeability alteration in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 230:42-7. [PMID: 20870297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this article were to investigate whether blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability is altered after platelet activating factor (PAF) induced injury in vitro and elucidate the preliminary possible mechanisms of it. MTT method was used to observe cell damage after PAF incubation with rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs). Intracellular concentrations of Nimodipine in normal and PAF injured RBMECs were estimated by LC-MS/MS analytical method to estimate BBB permeability. Accumulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate rhodamine 123 in normal or PAF injured RBMECs was measured with Poly Immune Analysis System-1420 to evaluate the function of P-gp on RBMECs. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and protein expression levels in RBMECs were assayed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively. Results showed that after RBMECs were incubated with 1 μM PAF for 24h, cell survival rate was decreased, and intracellular concentrations of Nimodipine were increased evidently. Rhodamine 123 accumulation between normal and PAF injured cells has no significant difference, but ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression were increased remarkably in PAF injured cells, which could be inhibited by PAF antagonists. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that BBB permeability was increased after PAF incubation, and which may be due to ICAM-1 up-regulating but not P-glycoprotein function alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Fang
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Co-medications that modulate liver injury and repair influence clinical outcome of acetaminophen-associated liver injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7:882-8. [PMID: 19362607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States; it occurs inadvertently in approximately half of all cases. Concomitant use of other medications might impact susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. We investigated its association with administration of drugs that have been shown to modulate liver injury and/or repair in preclinical studies. METHODS We analyzed data from 6386 cases of acetaminophen-associated liver injury that were defined in the FDA database of reported adverse events. Data reported in the severe adverse event categories of "died" or "life-threatening" (defined as "fatal" cases, n = 2512) were compared with those of "non-fatal" cases (n = 3874). Potential associations between fatality and concomitant use of 9 drug classes were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for other variables. RESULTS Among female subjects, concomitant use of statins, fibrates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with decreased likelihood of fatality, whereas ethanol use was associated with increased likelihood. Among male subjects, concomitant use of statins was associated with decreased likelihood of fatality, whereas concomitant use of sympathetic stimulants or ethanol was associated with increased likelihood. Concomitant use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor II antagonists was associated with decreased likelihood of fatality among younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant use of medications that have been shown in preclinical studies to modulate liver injury and/or repair influenced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Drugs that reduce injury or increase repair are protective, whereas those that exacerbate injury or reduce repair are detrimental.
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Jamaluddin MS, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz increases monolayer permeability of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:104-11. [PMID: 19674747 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is often associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. In this study, we determined whether HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) could increase endothelial permeability. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were treated with EFV (1, 5 and 10 microg/ml) and endothelial permeability was determined by a transwell system with a fluorescence-labeled dextran tracer. HCAECs treated with EFV showed a significant increase of endothelial permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. With real time PCR analysis, EFV significantly reduced the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, zonula occluden-1 and junctional adhesion molecule-1 compared with controls (P<0.05). Protein levels of these tight junction molecules were also reduced substantially in the EFV-treated cells by western blot and flow cytometry analyses. In addition, EFV also increased superoxide anion production with dihydroethidium and cellular glutathione assays, while it decreased mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-staining. Antioxidants (ginkgolide B and MnTBAP) effectively blocked EFV-induced endothelial permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, EFV increased the phosphorylation of MAPK JNK and IkappaBalpha, thereby increasing NFkappaB translocation to the nucleus. Chemical JNK inhibitor and dominant negative mutant JNK and IkappaBalpha adenoviruses effectively blocked the effects of EFV on HCAECs. Thus, EFV increases endothelial permeability which may be due to the decrease of tight junction proteins and the increase of superoxide anion. JNK and NFkappaB activation may be directly involved in the signal transduction pathway of EFV action in HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saha Jamaluddin
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Belayev L, Khoutorova L, Atkins K, Gordon WC, Alvarez-Builla J, Bazan NG. LAU-0901, a novel platelet-activating factor antagonist, is highly neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2008; 214:253-8. [PMID: 18793637 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a bioactive phospholipid that accumulates during ischemia-reperfusion and is involved in the activation of platelets, neutrophils, and pro-inflammatory signaling. PAF has been suggested to enhance brain ischemia-reperfusion damage. LAU-0901, a novel PAF receptor antagonist, was examined in models of focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and received 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) by intraluminal suture. LAU-0901 (30, 60, 90 mg/kg; n=9-11) or vehicle (n=11) was administered i.p. at 2 h after onset of MCAo. The neurological status was evaluated at 60 min, and on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after MCAo. In the dose-response study in mice, C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized and received 1 h MCAo by intraluminal suture. LAU-0901 (15, 30, 60 mg/kg; n=7-9) or vehicle (n=8) was given i.p. at 1 h after onset of MCAo. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after MCAo in mice. LAU-0901 treated rats showed improved neurological score throughout the 7-day survival period. LAU-0901 treatment (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg) reduced total corrected infarct volume compared to vehicle rats by 76, 88 and 90%, respectively. Mice treated with LAU-0901 (30 and 60 mg/kg) reduced total infarction by 29% and 66%, respectively. LCBF was improved by treatment with LAU-0901 (30 mg/kg) by 77% of baseline at 6 h. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that LAU-0901 improves behavioral scores, LCBF and reduces infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice. Thus, this PAF receptor antagonist exhibits potent and sustained neuroprotection that may be of value for the design of stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Chen C, Xia SH, Chen H, Li XH. Therapy for acute pancreatitis with platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4735-8. [PMID: 18720532 PMCID: PMC2739333 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) causes release of platelet-activating factor (PAF), which induces systemic effects that contribute to circulatory disturbances and multiple organ failure. PAF is a cell surface secretion of bioactive lipid, which could produce physiological and pathological effects by binding to its cell surface receptor called platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R). Studies showed that PAF participates in the occurrence and development of AP and administration of platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists (PAF-RAs) could significantly reduce local and systemic events after AP. PAF has also been implicated as a key mediator in the progression of severe AP, which can lead to complications and unacceptably high mortality rates. Several classes of PAF-RA show PAF-RAs significant local and systemic effects on reducing inflammatory changes. As a preventive treatment, PAF-RA could block a series of PAF-mediated inflammatory injury and thus improve the prognosis of AP. This review introduces the important role of PAF-RA in the treatment of AP.
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