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Rafiyan M, Tootoonchi E, Golpour M, Davoodvandi A, Reiter RJ, Asemi R, Sharifi M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Melatonin for gastric cancer treatment: where do we stand? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7. [PMID: 39287677 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading reason of death in men and the fourth in women. Studies have documented an inhibitory function of melatonin on the proliferation, progression and invasion of GC cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play an important function in regulation of biological processes and gene expression of the cells. Some studies reported that melatonin can suppress the progression of GC by regulating the exosomal miRNAs. Thus, melatonin represents a promising potential therapeutic agent for subjects with GC. Herein, we evaluate the existing data of both in vivo and in vitro studies to clarify the molecular processes involved in the therapeutic effects of melatonin in GC. The data emphasize the critical function of melatonin in several signaling ways by which it may inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease chemo-resistance, induce apoptosis as well as limit invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review provides a resource that identifies some of the mechanisms by which melatonin controls GC enlargement. In light of the findings, melatonin should be considered a novel and testable therapeutic mediator for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Tootoonchi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golpour
- Student Research Committee, Mazandarn University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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2
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Abdalla MMI. Serum resistin and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4271-4288. [PMID: 37545641 PMCID: PMC10401662 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant type of liver cancer, is a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities across the globe. Diabetes has been identified as a significant risk factor for HCC, with recent research indicating that the hormone resistin could be involved in the onset and advancement of HCC in diabetic individuals. Resistin is a hormone that is known to be involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. Patients with HCC have been observed to exhibit increased resistin levels, which could be correlated with more severe disease stages and unfavourable prognoses. Nevertheless, the exact processes through which resistin influences the development and progression of HCC in diabetic patients remain unclear. This article aims to examine the existing literature on the possible use of resistin levels as a biomarker for HCC development and monitoring. Furthermore, it reviews the possible pathways of HCC initiation due to elevated resistin and offers new perspectives on comprehending the fundamental mechanisms of HCC in diabetic patients. Gaining a better understanding of these processes may yield valuable insights into HCC’s development and progression, as well as identify possible avenues for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Samouilidou E, Athanasiadou V, Grapsa E. Prognostic and Diagnostic Value of Endocan in Kidney Diseases. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:3861092. [PMID: 35321346 PMCID: PMC8938144 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3861092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan, previously called endothelial cell-specific molecule-1, is a soluble proteoglycan that is predominantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells of the lungs and kidneys. It is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and plays a critical role in inflammatory, proliferative, and neovascularization processes. The utility of endocan as a biomarker in a wide spectrum of diseases is being increasingly acknowledged. In this review, we summarize the current evidence concerning the role of endocan in kidney diseases, with emphasis on its prognostic and diagnostic value. It seems that the determination of plasma endocan levels may provide useful prognostic information in many types of renal failure such as chronic kidney disease, IgA nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Endocan could additionally improve the early diagnostic evaluation of acute kidney disease, chronic renal allograft injury, and acute rejection after kidney transplantation, thus contributing to endothelial cell injury monitoring in a timely manner.
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4
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Pan KF, Yang YC, Lee WJ, Hua KT, Chien MH. Proteoglycan Endocan: A multifaceted therapeutic target in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188672. [PMID: 34953930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocan is known to be a circulating dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that regulates endothelial cell function. Dysregulation of endocan expression is observed not only in the tumor vasculature but also in cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has revealed that disordered endocan facilitates cancer progression via enhancing cancer cell proliferation, cell mobility, and cancer stemness properties. Recently, various interacting proteins and diverse subcellular localizations of endocan were identified in cancer cells. Herein, we summarize the application of endocan in cancer diagnoses and prognoses using serum and tumor specimens. We further discuss that the aberrant molecular characteristics of endocan may be due to the mislocalization of endocan in cancer cells. Defining the specific cellular roles of endocan will provide a promising diagnostic factor and therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fan Pan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Wahb AMSE, El Kassas M, Khamis AK, Elhelbawy M, Elhelbawy N, Habieb MSE. Circulating microRNA 9-3p and serum endocan as potential biomarkers for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1753-1765. [PMID: 34904043 PMCID: PMC8637686 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt is due mainly to the increasing prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and late diagnosis of the carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNA), which regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis in HCC, may serve as a useful diagnostic approach for the early detection of HCC, thus decreasing its mortality. Meanwhile, endocan is a protein with angiogenic and inflammatory properties that are associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes.
AIM To analyze the levels of miRNA 9-3p and endocan in HCV-infected HCC patients and correlate them with clinicopathological parameters.
METHODS We compared levels of endocan and circulating miRNA 9-3p from 35 HCV-related HCC patients to 33 patients with HCV-induced chronic liver disease and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics of the National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt in the period from January to March 2021 in a case-control study. Serum samples from all groups were analyzed for HCV. Endocan was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the expression levels of circulating miRNA 9-3p were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.
RESULTS The levels of circulating miRNA 9-3p were significantly lower in the HCC group compared to the chronic liver disease (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) groups, while levels in the chronic liver disease were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The levels of serum endocan were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the chronic liver disease (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) groups. Moreover miRNA 9-3p and endocan performed better than α-fetoprotein in discriminating HCC patients from cirrhosis and healthy patients. The levels of miRNA 9-3p were significantly inversely correlated to vascular invasion (P = 0.002), stage of advancement of Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (P < 0.001) and the metastatic site (P < 0.001) of the HCC group.
CONCLUSION Circulating miRNA 9-3p and endocan can be used as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El Kassas
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal Khamis
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32512, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elhelbawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32512, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Elhelbawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 3511, Egypt
| | - Mona Salah Eldin Habieb
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 3511, Egypt
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6
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Celik ZE, Demir F, Yonar H, Ugras S. Association of endocan expression with clinicopathological prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:471-477. [PMID: 34151832 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy in women. Some molecules, including endocan, are still under investigation as potential prognostic factors in BC. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to determine the relationship between endocan expression and clinicopathological prognostic parameters in BC. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-five patients diagnosed with BC were included in the present study. The immuno-reactivity scoring (IRS) system was used to reveal the tissue endocan expression levels. RESULTS We found that endocan expression is associated with tumor necrosis, tumor size, and the presence of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in BC. There was no relationship between endocan expression and survival as well as other clinicopathological prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION Endocan overexpression in BC is associated with some prognostic parameters, including tumor necrosis, tumor size, and the presence of LCIS. Further studies with larger series are needed to reveal the clinical and therapeutic implications of endocan in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Esin Celik
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demir
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Harun Yonar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ugras
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Zhang H, Shen YW, Zhang LJ, Chen JJ, Bian HT, Gu WJ, Zhang H, Chen HZ, Zhang WD, Luan X. Targeting Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1 Protein in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687120. [PMID: 34109132 PMCID: PMC8181400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in cancer research in the past few years, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1), a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, also known as endocan, serves as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator due to its aberrant expression under pathological conditions, including cancer, sepsis, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Significantly, ESM-1 can promote cancer progression and metastasis through the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistant. In addition, ESM-1 is involved in the tumor microenvironment, containing inflammation, angiogenesis, and lymph angiogenesis. This article reviews the molecular and biological characteristics of ESM-1 in cancer, the underlying mechanisms, the currently clinical and pre-clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies. Herein, we propose that ESM-1 is a new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ting Bian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Wu J, Bai X, Liang T. Evaluation of Intra-Tumoral Vascularization in Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:584250. [PMID: 33195338 PMCID: PMC7652932 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.584250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral neovascularization has intricate effects on tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment. Over the last 30 years, Microvessel density (MVD) has been the standard method for laboratory and clinical evaluation of angiogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hypervascularized tumor, and the predictive value of MVD for prognosis is still controversial. According to previous viewpoints, this has been attributed to the determination of hotspot, counting methods, vascular endothelial markers, and different definitions of high and low vascular density; however, the heterogeneity of tumor angiogenesis patterns should be factored. The breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and algorithm can improve the objectivity and repeatability of MVD measurement, thus saving a lot of manpower. Presently, anti-angiogenesis therapy is the only effective systematic treatment for liver cancer, and the use of imaging technology-assisted MVD measurement is expected to be a reliable index for evaluating the curative effect. MVD in multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma represents a subject area with huge understudied potential, and exploring it might advance our understanding of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Zhao L, Dai C, Gong Q. Changes of Endocan and its effect on hepatic stem cells during the rapid proliferation process of residual liver after ALPPS procedure. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:817-825. [PMID: 32515027 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To establish a stable animal model of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), as well as to explore whether Endocan and HGF/c-Met signalling pathway participate in the regeneration of residual liver through hepatic stem cells after ALPPS procedure. C57BL/6J male mice weighing 18-22 g were used in this study. The liver regeneration index was expressed as the ratio of Future Liver Remnant (FLR)/Body weight (BW) × 100%. Expression of hepatic stem cell marker CK19 was assessed by immunohistochemical method. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocan were detected by ELISA. VEGF, Endocan and c-Met contents in residual liver were observed by Western blot analysis. The expression levels of Endocan and HGF/c-Met pathway-related genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Compared with the portal vein ligation (PVL) group and sham group, the ALPPS group had more CK19 positive cells and a higher liver regeneration index (P < .05). The serum levels of VEGF in the ALPPS group were increased significantly (P < .05) from the first day and decreased from the second day after surgery, and maintained consistently higher than that of the sham group (P < .05). Western blot showed that the expressions of VEGF and Endocan in ALPPS group were significantly higher than those in both sham and PVL groups at different time points. The Endocan plays a role in the rapid regeneration of residual liver after ALPPS, likely through the interaction with the HGF/c-Met pathway to affect the hepatic stem cell population. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our animal study provides valuable insights on the effect of Endocan in the process of rapid regeneration of residual liver after ALPPS, which would lead to the possible expansion of clinical research on ALPPS surgery and further studies on its molecular underpinning during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Fu KH, Liaw GW. Abdominal Tuberculosis Managed Surgically in the Late Phase: A Case Report. J Acute Med 2020; 10:40-44. [PMID: 32995153 PMCID: PMC7517950 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202003_10(1).0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
About 1-5 % of cases of tuberculosis (TB) have uncommon abdominal conditions, and affect primarily young adults. The clinical diagnosis is challenging and often delayed due to the symptoms being non-specific and may be confused with other bowel diseases, therefore resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A 27-year-old man was brought to our emergency department with the complaints a fever and abdominal pain. According to the chest X-ray findings taken 24 hours previously, pulmonary TB was suspected. Abdominal TB associated intestinal obstruction, ascites and lymphadenopathy were found by computed tomography and exploratory laparotomy. He was treated surgically by segmental resection, however passed away due to severe bleeding caused by the recurrence of perforation of the small intestine and sepsis. This case of systemic TB highlights the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment in time. The early diagnosis and timely treatment are both necessary to manage the disease successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Hui Fu
- Department of Medicine Yee-Zen Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan
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11
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Serum endocan and preoperative systemic inflammatory markers in patients with epilepsy. Neurochirurgie 2020; 66:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Li C, Geng H, Ji L, Ma X, Yin Q, Xiong H. ESM-1: A Novel Tumor Biomaker and its Research Advances. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1687-1694. [PMID: 31284875 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190705151542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cancer kills nearly 9,000,000 people worldwide, and its mortality was reported up to 28% in the past decade. Few available tumor markers have been known to help early stage diagnosis. In this study, Endocan was taken as a novel tumor marker, which has been found in many cancers related to cancer cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, etc.Methods:Studies on Endocan and its correlation with cancer were reviewed, and key points of meaningful studies on the structure, pathways and targeted agents of Endocan were drawn.Results:Endocan leads to tumorigenesis and promotes tumor cells proliferation via HGF/SF signal transmission pathway, suppresses tumor cells apoptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway and promotes angiogenesis within tumors via VEGF and HIF pathway. Medicine suppressing the expression of Endocan could prevent tumorigenesis and even improve survival rate of mice with tumor significantly.Conclusion:Endocan is capable of promoting prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, Endocan is supposed to a potential target of tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Qinghai University Graduate School, Xining, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linhua Ji
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qichao Yin
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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13
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The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum endocan in patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:182-192. [PMID: 29453929 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the relationship between endocan and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with liver cirrhosis and no heart disease were included in a prospective observational study with liver disease decompensation and death as primary outcomes. RESULTS 83 cirrhotic patients were included and 32 had cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Endocan levels were significantly lower in patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (5.6 vs. 7 ng/mL, p = 0.034). Endocan correlated with severity of cirrhosis, time to decompensation or death from liver disease (OR 4.5 95% CI 1.06-31.1). CONCLUSION Endocan is a promising biomarker of severity of cirrhosis and may help in the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in this population.
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14
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Wang S, Wu Z, Wei L, Zhang J. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as an invasiveness marker for pituitary null cell adenoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:90. [PMID: 31455321 PMCID: PMC6712719 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is a biomarker associated with tumor progression in pituitary adenoma. We specifically focused on one type of pituitary adenoma, namely null cell adenoma (NCA) and evaluated the relationship between invasion and ESM-1 expression in both vascular endothelial and adenoma tissues. METHODS Tissue samples from 94 patients with pituitary NCA were obtained through microscopic transsphenoidal resection. Tumor size and invasion were determined through preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect ESM-1 expression. ESM-1 index of ≥3 was defined as high expression. RESULTS Signs of invasion were observed in 46 (47.9%) of the 94 patients. Significant differences were observed in the invasion state and maximum tumor diameter between high and low expression of ESM-1 in vascular endothelial tissues (both P < 0.05). Significant positive associations were noted between ESM-1 expression in vascular endothelial tissues and tumor invasion (P = 0.002) and tumor size (P = 0.020). However, only tumor size was associated with ESM-1 expression in adenoma tissues (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION In NCA, a significant positive association between tumor invasion and ESM-1 expression was observed only in vascular endothelial tissues, suggesting that tumor progression occurs mainly through ESM-1-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900 Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156 Xihuanbei Road, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian provincial Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfeng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900 Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156 Xihuanbei Road, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou 900 Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156 Xihuanbei Road, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
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15
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Calderaro J, Meunier L, Nguyen CT, Boubaya M, Caruso S, Luciani A, Amaddeo G, Regnault H, Nault JC, Cohen J, Oberti F, Michalak S, Bouattour M, Vilgrain V, Pageaux GP, Ramos J, Barget N, Guiu B, Paradis V, Aubé C, Laurent A, Pawlotsky JM, Ganne-Carrié N, Zucman-Rossi J, Seror O, Ziol M. ESM1 as a Marker of Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5859-5865. [PMID: 31358545 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) is a novel morphological subtype of HCC associated with early relapse after resection or percutaneous ablation, independently of classical clinical and radiological prognostic factors. The aim of the present study was to identify immunohistochemical markers of MTM-HCC, to ease its diagnosis and implementation into clinical practice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To identify potential biomarkers of MTM-HCC, we first analyzed gene expression profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas study and further selected two candidate biomarkers. Performance of both biomarkers for diagnosis of MTM-HCC was further tested by immunohistochemistry in two independent series of 67 and 132 HCC biopsy samples. RESULTS Analysis of RNA sequencing data showed that MTM-HCC was characterized by a high expression of neoangiogenesis-related genes. Two candidate biomarkers, Endothelial-Specific Molecule 1 (ESM1) and Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), were selected. In the discovery series, sensitivity and specificity of ESM1 expression by stromal endothelial cells for the detection of MTM-HCC were 97% (28/29), and 92% (35/38), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of CAIX were 48% (14/29) and 89% (34/38). In the validation set, sensitivity and specificity of ESM1 for the identification of MTM-HCC were 93% (14/15) and 91% (107/117), respectively. Interobserver agreement for ESM1 assessment was good in both series (Cohen Kappa 0.77 and 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Using a molecular-driven selection of biomarkers, we identified ESM1 as a reliable microenvironment immunohistochemical marker of MTM-HCC. The results represent a step toward the implementation of HCC morpho-molecular subtyping into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Calderaro
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département Pathologie, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France. .,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
| | - Léa Meunier
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France
| | - Cong Trung Nguyen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
| | - Marouane Boubaya
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Radiologie, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Hélène Regnault
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Justine Cohen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département Pathologie, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- Hépato-gastroentérologie et oncologie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Mohamed Bouattour
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Oncologie Digestive, Hôpital Universitaire Beaujon, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Universitaire Beaujon, France
| | - Georges Philippe Pageaux
- Hépato-gastroentérologie et oncologie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Barget
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de ressources biologiques BB-0033-00027 du Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - Boris Guiu
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Beaujon, France
| | - Christophe Aubé
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Hépato-Biliaire, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France.,Service de Virologie, Bactériologie-Hygiène, Mycologie-Parasitologie et Unité Transversale de Traitement des Infections, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Seror
- Service de Radiologie, Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France
| | - Marianne Ziol
- INSERM UMR-1162, génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bobigny, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
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16
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NITIPIR CORNELIA, BARBU MARIAALEXANDRA, ORLOV CRISTINA, STANCIU ADINAELENA, POPA ANAMARIA, HAINAROSIE RAZVAN, PITURU SILVIU, ARSENE ANDREEALETITIA, STOIAN ANCAPANTEA. Type II Diabetes Mellitus - Associated Risk Factor in the Onset and Evolution of Digestive Tract Carcinoma. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.1/140.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Xu L, Tang L, Zhang L. Proteoglycans as miscommunication biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:59-92. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Irani S, Dehghan A. The Expression and Functional Significance of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin, CD44, and Vimentin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:110-117. [PMID: 29780735 PMCID: PMC5946518 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_408_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ninety percent of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinoma which develops in the oral cavity. Metastasis is the main causative factor for death in 90% of all cancer-related deaths and begins with the invasion of tumor cells through the walls of small blood vessels or lymph vessels. A growing body of evidence has shown that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) facilitates tumor growth and cancer metastasis. The current study aimed to present the role of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin in inducing VM and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to identify the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods A total of 63 OSCC samples (21 samples each grade) were collected from the archive of Pathology Department of Besat educational hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from 2000 to 2015. VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double-staining were used to validate VM. VM was identified by the detection of PAS-positive loops surrounded by tumor cells. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences between the variables. Significant level was set at 0.05. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the co-localization of the markers. Results There were statistically significant differences between tumor grade and the expression levels of VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin (P = 0.000). In addition, significant differences were found between tumor grade and microvessel density (P = 0.000) and between tumor grade and VM (P = 0.000). Conclusion Our results may disclose a definite relationship between VE-cadherin, CD44 and vimentin expression levels, VM formation, EMT, CSCs, and microvessel count in OSCC samples. For this reason, it is suggested that VE-cadherin, CD44, and vimentin are related to angiogenesis and VM formation in OSCC, therefore, in tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, antitumor angiogenic therapies have been challenged. The presence of VM may explain the failure of antiangiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Research Centre, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arash Dehghan
- Department of Pathology, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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19
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Lin LY, Yeh YC, Chu CH, Won JG, Shyr YM, Chao Y, Li CP, Wang SE, Chen MH. Endocan expression is correlated with poor progression-free survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8262. [PMID: 29019897 PMCID: PMC5662320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan expression has been reported to be associated with aggressive tumor progression and poor outcomes in various cancers, such as breast cancer, renal cell cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and pituitary adenomas. However, the prognostic significance of endocan in neuroendocrine tumors remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between endocan expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) tissues and progression-free survival. This study included 73 patients with confirmed PNETs who were treated in a single tertiary center in north Taiwan between 1992 and 2015. Immunohistochemical endocan expression and microvessel density (MVD) were examined, and the relationships between these parameters and other clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The abovementioned patients were divided into groups according to their endocan expression levels (≥1% or <1%) and median MVDs. Negative endocan expression (P = .002) and a high MVD (P < .001) were significant and favorable prognostic factors for progression-free survival. However, positive endocan expression was significantly associated with a low MVD (P = .037) and tumor mitosis (Ki-67 index) (P = .028). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive endocan expression (hazard ratio: 4.778, P = .018) and lymph node involvement (hazard ratio: 5.121, P = .005) were independent prognostic factors for tumor recurrence.In conclusion, endocan expression was correlated with poor clinical outcomes in PNETs. Our data indicated that endocan expression may be a reliable marker for predicting tumor recurrence in patients with PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Chia-Huei Chu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Justin G.S. Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Yi-Ming Shyr
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Yee Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Oncology
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-E Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Oncology
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20
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Chen CM, Lin CL, Chiou HL, Hsieh SC, Lin CL, Cheng CW, Hung CH, Tsai JP, Hsieh YH. Loss of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 promotes the tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells through regulation of the TIMP-1/MMP-9 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13886-13897. [PMID: 28108731 PMCID: PMC5355147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1) protein has been involved in proliferation and metastatic progression in multiple tumors. However, there are no studies regarding the mechanism of ESM1 in prostate cancer. We found that ESM1 knockdown in prostate cancer cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and colony formation ability response evidenced by decreased expression of p21 and increased expression of cyclin D1 in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we revealed that knockdown ESM1 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility and invasiveness in accordance with the upregulated the MMP-9 expression, while downregulated the TIMP-1 expression. Recombinant human (Rh) TIMP-1 significantly attenuated ESM1-mediated cell migration and invasion. Additionally, ESM1 knockdown increased in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. These findings provide the first evidence that the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, is one of the regulation mechanisms by which ESM1 promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Yang J, Sheng S, Yang Q, Li L, Qin S, Yu S, Zhang X. Endocan silencing induces programmed cell death in hepatocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5333-5339. [PMID: 29113167 PMCID: PMC5661370 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma is a type of high-grade malignant carcinoma identified worldwide. Its rapid development and late diagnosis prevents effective tumor resection in the majority of patients, and therefore recent studies have targeted metabolic signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment for potential treatments. To investigate whether endocan may be a gene target for hepatocarcinoma treatment, the present study employed the following measures: MTT and Transwell assays, flow cytometry, western blotting and an mRFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence system. Following endocan gene silencing, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and the number of invasive cells in the endocan siRNA-treated group was reduced compared with the control-siRNA treated-group. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate was 15% and autophagy was detected in the endocan short interfering (si)RNA-treated group compared with the control-siRNA treated-group. Using western blotting to detect NF-κB expression in the nucleus, the NF-κB expression was identified to be significantly reduced in the siRNA-treated group compared with the control groups. Endocan gene silencing inhibited hepatocarcinoma cell viability and invasion, whilst inducing apoptosis and autophagy. The results of the present study suggest that the effect of endocan gene silencing on cell survival was mediated via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shihou Sheng
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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22
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Endocan Measurement for Active Behçet Disease. Arch Rheumatol 2017; 32:197-202. [PMID: 30375545 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2017.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationships between serum endocan, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in active Behçet disease. Patients and methods Forty patients with active Behçet disease (24 males, 16 females; mean age 37.6±8.7 years; range 20 to 50 years) and 40 healthy controls (22 males, 18 females; mean age 38.8±7.9 years; range 21 to 52 years) were included in this study. Both patient and control groups underwent a complete systemic and ophthalmic examination by the same specialist. Endocan, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in all subjects. Results Serum endocan levels were 775.2±479.3 ng/mL and 275.8±145.8 ng/mL in the patient and control groups, respectively. VEGF levels were 1768.2±900.5 pg/mL and 980.2±135.3 pg/mL in the patient and control groups, respectively. TNF-α levels were 22.4±74.3 pg/mL-1 and 11.4±16.9 pg/mL-1 in the patient and control groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of serum endocan, VEGF, and TNF-α levels. There was a significant positive correlation between serum endocan and VEGF levels in the patient group (r=0.630; p<0.001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between serum endocan and TNF-α levels in the patient group (r=0.713; p<0.001). Conclusion Serum endocan level may be a new marker in evaluation of both the prognosis and activity of Behçet disease.
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23
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Lai CY, Chen CM, Hsu WH, Hsieh YH, Liu CJ. Overexpression of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1 Correlates with Gleason Score and Expression of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1263-1267. [PMID: 29104483 PMCID: PMC5666560 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is a major prognostic marker of several tumor types, but its value as a marker for prostate cancer is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to measure the relationship of ESM1 expression with androgen receptor (AR) expression and with Gleason score in human prostate carcinoma tissue. Expression of ESM1 and AR were determined by immunohistochemical staining of prostate tissues from healthy individuals and patients with prostate cancer. The results showed that ESM1 expression was significantly higher in prostate tumor tissues than in normal prostate tissues (p < 0.01), and that ESM1 expression in prostate tumor tissue correlated with Gleason score (p < 0.016) and Gleason grade (p < 0.013). ESM1 expression was also greater in prostate tissues with higher Gleason score and Gleason grade (p < 0.001 for both comparisons), and also correlated with AR expression (R = 0.727, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ESM1 should be considered as a marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Lai
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Yang WE, Hsieh MJ, Lin CW, Kuo CY, Yang SF, Chuang CY, Chen MK. Plasma Levels of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 as a Potential Biomarker of Oral Cancer Progression. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1094-1100. [PMID: 29104463 PMCID: PMC5666540 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Taiwan, oral cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the most common malignancy with a poor prognosis. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is secreted by vascular endothelial cells in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. ESM-1 expression is associated with tumor prognosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis in many cancers. However, few studies have examined the association of plasma ESM-1 levels with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. We measured the plasma ESM-1 levels of 438 male OSCC patients through a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was also used to analyze the ESM-1 levels in 328 OSCC patients and 33 normal tissues. Our results revealed that the plasma levels of ESM-1 in OSCC patients were significantly associated with the tumor (T) status but not with the lymph node status, metastasis, and cell differentiation. TCGA bioinformatics database analysis revealed that ESM-1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC patients than in normal individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, the examination revealed similar results for the ESM-1 expression levels and pathological stage in OSCC. In conclusion, plasma ESM-1 is a novel biomarker for predicting the T status in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-En Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Kuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Kechagia M, Papassotiriou I, Gourgoulianis KI. Endocan and the respiratory system: a review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3179-3187. [PMID: 28003744 PMCID: PMC5161333 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocan, formerly called endothelial cell-specific molecule 1, is an endothelial cell-associated proteoglycan that is preferentially expressed by renal and pulmonary endothelium. It is upregulated by proangiogenic molecules as well as by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and since it reflects endothelial activation and dysfunction, it is regarded as a novel tissue and blood-based relevant biomarker. As such, it is increasingly being researched and evaluated in a wide spectrum of healthy and disease pathophysiological processes. Here, we review the present scientific knowledge on endocan, with emphasis on the evidence that underlines its possible clinical value as a prognostic marker in several malignant, inflammatory and obstructive disorders of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kechagia
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Endocan as a prognostic biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:269-278. [PMID: 27888420 PMCID: PMC5225208 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive characteristics and fewer treatment options than other subtypes. The purpose of this study was to explore prognostic biomarkers for TNBC that can be easily detected from the blood samples. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231BR, a brain metastatic variant of the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, were used as less and more aggressive models of TNBC, respectively. The extent to which the candidate gene/protein identified by RNA sequencing correlated well with aggressiveness of TNBC and how much protein was detected from the blood of tumor-bearing mice were evaluated. RESULTS Both the in vitro proliferation and in vivo tumor growth of MDA-MB-231BR were more rapid than those of MDA-MB-231. RNA sequencing identified ESM1 as a gene that was expressed significantly more in MDA-MB-231BR than in MDA-MB-231, and qRT-PCR confirmed a significantly higher expression of ESM1 in MDA-MB-231BR xenograft in vivo. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis of relapse-free survival demonstrated that TNBC patients with high ESM1 expression had clearly worse relapse-free survival than those with low ESM1 expression, which was consistent with our preclinical findings. Endocan, a protein of ESM1 gene product, was successfully detected in both conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231BR and plasma samples from mice bearing MDA-MB-231BR xenograft, which showed a significantly distinct pattern from less aggressive MDA-MB-231. Moreover, bisulfite sequence analysis revealed that overexpression of ESM1 in MDA-MB-231BR might be attributed to DNA demethylation in an upstream region of the ESM1 gene. CONCLUSION This study indicates that endocan could be used as a blood-based prognostic biomarker in TNBC patients.
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Huang X, Chen C, Wang X, Zhang JY, Ren BH, Ma DW, Xia L, Xu XY, Xu L. Prognostic value of endocan expression in cancers: evidence from meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6297-6304. [PMID: 27785077 PMCID: PMC5066987 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a 50 kDa dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Numerous previous studies have indicated that endocan might be an attractive prognostic tumor biomarker. However, the results of different studies are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between endocan expression and cancer prognosis. A systematic, comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was performed. Expression of endocan and its association with overall survival were evaluated by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 15 eligible studies of 1,464 patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. A significant association was found between elevated endocan expression and poorer overall survival (pooled HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.12–2.90, P<0.001). In the cancer-type subgroup, significant associations were detected for gastrointestinal (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.77–2.91, P<0.001) and hepatocellular (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.96–3.48, P<0.001) carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that endocan could be useful to exploit as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Chen Chen
- Second Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Jing-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Bin-Hui Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Expressions of Endocan in Patients with Meningiomas and Gliomas. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7157039. [PMID: 27528791 PMCID: PMC4978841 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7157039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Endocan has been shown to be a marker for several cancers and may show degree of malignancy. The aim of this study is to assess tissue levels of endocan in common brain tumors, namely, meningiomas, low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Patients and Methods. Endocan was assayed by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in a total of 50 brain tumors (20 meningiomas, 19 LGGs, and 20 HGGs) and 15 controls. The results were compared to control brain tissues. Results. Each tumor group showed significant higher levels of endocan compared to controls (p < 0.05). In addition, endocan levels showed steady increase from the least (meningiomas) to the most (HGGs) malignant tumors and positive correlation was noted between the degree of malignancy and endocan level (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. Endocan, a vital molecule for angiogenesis, is expressed in common brain tumors and results suggest that endocan could be a marker for malignancy.
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Chang Y, Niu W, Lian PL, Wang XQ, Meng ZX, Liu Y, Zhao R. Endocan-expressing microvessel density as a prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5422-5429. [PMID: 27340359 PMCID: PMC4910663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.
METHODS: This study included 142 patients with confirmed gastric cancer in a single cancer centre between 2008 and 2009. Clinicopathologic features were determined, and an immunohistochemical analysis of endocan-expressing microvessel density (MVD) (endocan-MVD), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was performed. Potential relationships between endocan-MVD and clinicopathological variables were assessed using a Student’s t-test or an analysis of variance test. Spearman’s rank correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship between endocan-MVD and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR2. Long-term survival of these patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS: Positive staining of endocan was observed in most of the gastric cancer tissues (108/142) and in fewer of the normal gastric tissues. Endocan-MVD was not associated with gender or histological type (P > 0.05), while endocan-MVD was associated with tumour size, Borrmann type, tumour differentiation, tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.05). According to the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, endocan-MVD had a positive correlation with VEGF (r = 0.167, P = 0.047) and VEGFR2 (r = 0.410, P = 0.000). The univariate analysis with a log-rank test indicated that the patients with a high level of endocan-MVD had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with a low level of endocan-MVD (17.9% vs 64.0%, P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of endocan-MVD was a valuable prognostic factor.
CONCLUSION: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.
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Cai L, Leng ZG, Guo YH, Lin SJ, Wu ZR, Su ZP, Lu JL, Wei LF, Zhuge QC, Jin K, Wu ZB. Dopamine agonist resistance-related endocan promotes angiogenesis and cells viability of prolactinomas. Endocrine 2016; 52:641-51. [PMID: 26662185 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the first-line treatment of prolactinomas. They function through the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) in the tumor cells. Endocan, also called endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM1), has been described as a marker of neoangiogenesis. However, whether ESM1 promotes the resistance of prolactinomas to DA therapy is largely unknown. In our study, 25 patients with prolactinomas were divided into resistant- and sensitive- groups according to the clinical response to bromocriptine. We found that ESM1-microvessel density of resistant prolactinomas was significantly higher than that of sensitive prolactinomas (47.9 ± 11.6, n = 8, vs 13.1 ± 2.8, n = 17, p = 0.0006), indicating that ESM1 was a DA resistance-related gene. Immunostaining showed that ESM1 was expressed in tumor vessels and sporadic tumor cells, and ESM1 was overlapped with the Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) in the tumor vessels. Silencing of ESM1 markedly suppressed the viability of GH3 and MMQ cells in vitro, and furthermore, significantly increased the sensitivity of GH3 and MMQ cells to DA treatment. Additionally, silencing of ESM1 down-regulated the angiogenesis-associated genes, such as VEGFR2, FGF2, CD34, CD31, VWF, and EGFR. Knockdown of ESM1 decreased endothelial tube formation of HUVECs, and significantly increased the sensitivity of HUVECs to Avastin treatment. Therefore, we first demonstrate that DA resistance-related ESM1 promotes the angiogenesis and tumor cells growth of prolactinomas, suggesting that ESM1 may be a novel therapeutic target for prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhi Gen Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yu Hang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shao Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ze Rui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhi Peng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiang Long Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Li Fei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qi Chuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Gene Expression Profiling of Prostate Cancer–Associated Genes Identifies Fibromodulin as Potential Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e153-62. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profiles of a set of prostate cancer–associated genes in prostate cancer cell lines, to determine their association with different cancer phenotypes and identify potential novel biomarkers for this disease. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression profiles of 21 prostate cancer–associated genes in the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, using the nontumorigenic cell line PWR-1E as control cell line. Genes evaluated were ESM-1, SERPINE2, CLU, BGN, A2M, PENK, FMOD, CD81, DCN, TSPAN8, KBTBD10, F2RL1, TMSB4X, SNCG, CXXC5, FOXQ1, PDPN, SPN, CAV1, CD24 and KLK3. A potential biomarker from this set of genes, the FMOD gene, encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan fibromodulin, was selected for further evaluation in clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease. Results Several of the evaluated genes showed significantly altered expression in the prostate cancer cell lines, compared with nontumorigenic PWR-1E cells. Further evaluation of FMOD transcript in prostate clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease identified a significant difference in the expression levels of this proteoglycan between benign and malignant tissue (p<0.05). Conclusions A number of gene transcripts were differentially expressed by the cell lines assayed. Among them, FMOD was further evaluated in clinical samples and was found to be differentially expressed between benign and prostate cancer tissue. Further validation of FMOD transcript in a larger population is required to ascertain its usefulness as biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Baghy K, Tátrai P, Regős E, Kovalszky I. Proteoglycans in liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:379-393. [PMID: 26755884 PMCID: PMC4698501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a group of molecules that contain at least one glycosaminoglycan chain, such as a heparan, dermatan, chondroitin, or keratan sulfate, covalently attached to the protein core. These molecules are categorized based on their structure, localization, and function, and can be found in the extracellular matrix, on the cell surface, and in the cytoplasm. Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as syndecans, are the primary type present in healthy liver tissue. However, deterioration of the liver results in overproduction of other proteoglycan types. The purpose of this article is to provide a current summary of the most relevant data implicating proteoglycans in the development and progression of human and experimental liver cancer. A review of our work and other studies in the literature indicate that deterioration of liver function is accompanied by an increase in the amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The alteration of proteoglycan composition interferes with the physiologic function of the liver on several levels. This article details and discusses the roles of syndecan-1, glypicans, agrin, perlecan, collagen XVIII/endostatin, endocan, serglycin, decorin, biglycan, asporin, fibromodulin, lumican, and versican in liver function. Specifically, glypicans, agrin, and versican play significant roles in the development of liver cancer. Conversely, the presence of decorin could potentially provide protective effects.
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Yassine H, De Freitas Caires N, Depontieu F, Scherpereel A, Awad A, Tsicopoulos A, Leboeuf C, Janin A, Duez C, Grigoriu B, Lassalle P. The non glycanated endocan polypeptide slows tumor growth by inducing stromal inflammatory reaction. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2725-35. [PMID: 25575808 PMCID: PMC4413613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocan expression is increasingly studied in various human cancers. Experimental evidence showed that human endocan, through its glycan chain, is implicated in various processes of tumor growth. We functionally characterize mouse endocan which is also a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan but much less glycanated than human endocan. Distant domains from the O-glycanation site, located within exons 1 and 2 determine the glycanation pattern of endocan. In opposite to the human homologue, overexpression of mouse endocan in HT-29 cells delayed the tumor appearance and reduced the tumor growth rate. This tumor growth inhibition is supported by non glycanated form of mouse endocan. Non glycanated human endocan overexpressed in HT-29, A549 or K1000 cells also exhibited an anti-tumor effect. Moreover, systemic delivery of non glycanated human endocan also results in HT-29 tumor growth delay. In vitro, endocan polypeptide did not affect HT-29 cell proliferation, nor cell viability. In tumor tissue sections, a stromal inflammatory reaction was observed only in tumors overexpressing endocan polypeptide, and depletion of CD122+ cells was able to delete partially the anti-tumor effect of endocan polypeptide. These results reveal a novel pathway for endocan in the control of tumor growth, which involves inflammatory cells of the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Yassine
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie De Freitas Caires
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,Lunginnov, Lille, France
| | - Florence Depontieu
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CHRU Lille, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Ali Awad
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Duez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Bogdan Grigoriu
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr.T.Popa" Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Philippe Lassalle
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France
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Bălănescu P, Lădaru A, Bălănescu E, Voiosu T, Băicuş C, Dan GA. Endocan, Novel Potential Biomarker for Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Pilot Study. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:368-73. [PMID: 26331941 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (Ssc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular alterations of small arteries and microvessels with subsequent tissue fibrosis. Endocan is expressed by endothelial cells and associated with endothelial dysfunction; therefore it could be a potential biomarker for Ssc patients. METHODS Twenty-one Ssc patients and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Serum endocan levels were determined using ELISA method in all patients and controls. RESULTS Serum endocan levels were superior in Ssc patients (median 2.53 (1.10-7 ng/ml)) compared with controls (0.79 (0-2 ng/ml), P < 0.05). Higher serum endocan expression was seen in diffuse Ssc subset and associated with the presence of digital ulcers and daily Raynaud's phenomenon (P < 0.05). Higher serum endocan levels were associated with a modified Rodnan skin score >14 and longer disease duration (P < 0.05). Values of areas under the receiver operating curves showed that serum endocan had good discriminative power for Ssc diagnosis, differentiating diffuse from limited subset type and differentiating patients with modified Rodnan skin score above and under 14 (area under curve: 0.94, 0.81, 0.75, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study suggest endocan as a potential biomarker for microvascular manifestations and complications in Ssc patients. These encouraging results could promote future prospective studies in order to determine the exact role played by endocan as a biomarker for Ssc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bălănescu
- CDPC Clinical Immunology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. .,Internal Medicine Chair, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania. .,Clinical Research Unit, RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anca Lădaru
- Pediatrics Department, Institute for Mother and Child Protection "Alfred Rusescu," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Bălănescu
- CDPC Clinical Immunology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Theodor Voiosu
- Internal Medicine Chair, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Research Unit, RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Băicuş
- Internal Medicine Chair, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Research Unit, RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Andrei Dan
- Internal Medicine Chair, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Research Unit, RECIF (Réseau d' Epidémiologie Clinique International Francophone), Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Kali A, Shetty KSR. Endocan: a novel circulating proteoglycan. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 46:579-83. [PMID: 25538326 PMCID: PMC4264070 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.144891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a novel endothelium derived soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. It has the property of binding to a wide range of bioactive molecules associated with cellular signaling and adhesion and thus regulating proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion of different cell types in health and disease. An increase in tissue expression or serum level of endocan reflects endothelial activation and neovascularization which are prominent pathophysiological changes associated with inflammation and tumor progression. Consequently, endocan has been used as a blood-based and tissue-based biomarker for various cancers and inflammation and has shown promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Kali
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
| | - K S Rathan Shetty
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
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Hentschke MR, Lucas LS, Mistry HD, Pinheiro da Costa BE, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE. Endocan-1 concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma and placentae in pre-eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Cytokine 2015; 74:152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between endocan expression and outcome in patients with chronic liver disease is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To examine whether serum endocan level is predictive of outcome in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS A total of 68 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled. Outcome predictors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The overall survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were evaluated using the log-rank test. RESULTS During the median follow-up period (7.1 years), nine patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 10 patients died. Of the deceased patients, nine died due to hepatic decompensation or associated conditions. No significant factors were found to be predictive of the occurrence of HCC. In contrast, an elevated serum endocan level (≥2.0 ng⁄mL; HR 2.34 [95% CI 1.05 to 7.03]; P=0.037) and high Child-Pugh grade B⁄C (HR 2.65 [95% CI 1.30 to 6.89; P=0.006) were predictive of poor survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the respective cumulative survival rates at five and 10 years were 97.1% and 87.4% in patients with serum endocan levels <2.0 ng⁄mL and 85.8% and 64.4% in patients with levels ≥2.0 ng⁄mL (P=0.009), respectively. Moreover, the cumulative survival rates were significantly different among the patient groups divided according to serum endocan level and Child-Pugh grade (P=0.002). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that serum endocan level may be a survival predictor for patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Prognostic value of microvessel density in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e279-87. [PMID: 24803279 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of microvessel density (MVD) in patients suffering from different types of cancer has become a hot point as an emerging and promising biomarker. The aim of the present study is to clarify the prognostic relevance of MVD in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Relevant articles were screened in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Patients' clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS), disease/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS), and MVD levels were extracted for further analysis. The statistical analysis derived from the Kaplan-Meier survival curves was calculated indirectly with the methods developed by Parmar, Williamson, and Tierney. Multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis was used directly in Stata 11.0. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic role of MVD in HCC. RESULTS Our online literature search identified 12 articles including a total of 1,138 HCC patients. Meta-analysis of all the included studies considering survival outcomes showed a positive correlation between poor prognosis and higher-MVD levels. The pooled HRs (and 95% CIs) for OS and DFS/RFS were respectively 2.08 [1.77-2.45] and 2.64 [2.12-3.29]. Subgroup analyses considering tumor stage (I-II/III-IV), tumor size (<5 cm/≥ 5 cm), differentiation (well/poor), or cirrhosis status (≥ 20%/<20%) were also conducted, and all the above analyses supported the prognostic role of MVD in HCC. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis showed that the available evidence supports the proposition that MVD has a good predictive role in HCC, especially when the patients have late stage, large size, or poorly differentiated tumors.
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Palmiere C, Augsburger M. Markers for sepsis diagnosis in the forensic setting: state of the art. Croat Med J 2014; 55:103-14. [PMID: 24778096 PMCID: PMC4009711 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2014.55.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable diagnoses of sepsis remain challenging in forensic pathology routine despite improved methods of sample collection and extensive biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations. Macroscopic findings may be elusive and have an infectious or non-infectious origin. Blood culture results can be difficult to interpret due to postmortem contamination or bacterial translocation. Lastly, peripheral and cardiac blood may be unavailable during autopsy. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 can be measured in biological fluids collected during autopsy and may be used as in clinical practice for diagnostic purposes. However, concentrations of these parameters may be increased due to etiologies other than bacterial infections, indicating that a combination of biomarkers could more effectively discriminate non-infectious from infectious inflammations. In this article, we propose a review of the literature pertaining to the diagnostic performance of classical and novel biomarkers of inflammation and bacterial infection in the forensic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- Cristian Palmiere, , University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rocha SF, Schiller M, Jing D, Li H, Butz S, Vestweber D, Biljes D, Drexler HC, Nieminen-Kelhä M, Vajkoczy P, Adams S, Benedito R, Adams RH. Esm1 Modulates Endothelial Tip Cell Behavior and Vascular Permeability by Enhancing VEGF Bioavailability. Circ Res 2014; 115:581-90. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana F. Rocha
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Maria Schiller
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Ding Jing
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Hang Li
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Stefan Butz
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Daniel Biljes
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Hannes C.A. Drexler
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Melina Nieminen-Kelhä
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Susanne Adams
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Rui Benedito
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- From the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (S.F.R., M.S., D.J., H.L., S.B., D.V., D.B., H.C.A.D., S.A., R.B., R.H.A.); University of Münster, Münster, Germany (R.H.A.); Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (S.F.R., R.B.); and Neurochirurgische Klinik, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.N.-K., P.V.)
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Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1: a potential serum marker for gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10497-502. [PMID: 25056533 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
No ideal serum markers for gastric cancer (GC) screening have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) as a serum marker for GC. The ESM-1 levels in serum specimens from 114 patients with GC and 55 health subjects were measured using a sandwich ELISA kit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic value of ESM-1. Survival curves by the Kaplan-Meier method were plotted to display overall survival distributions. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess independent prognostic factors for overall survival in GC. We showed that the ESM-1 levels in the serum of patients with GC (83.7 ± 16.2 pg/mL) were significantly elevated compared to health subjects (44.7 ± 16.4 pg/mL). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of ESM-1 for GC were 0.946, 98, and 80 %, respectively, by ROC curve analysis. The positive and negative predictive values were 91 and 93.6 %, respectively. The likelihood ratios of a positive or negative test result were 20.9 and 0.14, respectively. When analyzed with a Cox regression model, a higher serum ESM-1 level (≥84.2 pg/mL) was correlated with poor prognosis. This study suggests that serum ESM-1 level is increased in patients with GC and that ESM-1 can be used as a potential serum marker for early detection and prognosis evaluation of GC.
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Zhao W, Sun M, Li S, Wang Y, Liu J. Biological and clinical implications of endocan in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10043-9. [PMID: 25012244 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan overexpression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in various cancer types such as breast cancer, kidney cancer, and lung cancer. However, the biological and prognostic significance of endocan in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we investigated the expression status of endocan in gastric cancer. Endocan expression status was determined in 255 gastric cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining. The association of endocan protein with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined. The oncogenic role of endocan in gastric cancer was examined using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach. Spearman regression correlation analysis showed that endocan expression was associated with the pathological tumor stage. In Cox regression analysis, endocan expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. Endocan promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that endocan is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Ozaki K, Toshikuni N, George J, Minato T, Matsue Y, Arisawa T, Tsutsumi M. Serum endocan as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2014; 5:221-30. [PMID: 24665346 PMCID: PMC3963079 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a vascular endothelium-derived factor regulated by angiogenic factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum endocan levels are prognostic for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum endocan levels were measured in 64 HCC patients who were naïve to treatment, eight apparently healthy subjects, and 68 patients with liver cirrhosis; the latter two groups served as controls. Prognostic factors for the survival of HCC patients were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. The median serum endocan levels were 1.145 ng/mL (range, 0.93-1.68 ng/mL) in healthy subjects, 1.93 ng/mL (range, 0.45-8.47 ng/mL) in liver cirrhosis patients, and 3.73 ng/mL (range, 0.74-10.95 ng/mL) in HCC patients (P = 0.0001). In HCC patients, elevated serum endocan levels were significantly associated with poor hepatic function (P = 0.015), a greater number of tumors (P = 0.034), and vascular invasion (P = 0.043). The median follow-up period was 23.0 months, and 33 HCC patients died during follow up. Multivariate analysis showed that serum endocan levels ≥ 2.20 ng/mL (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.22-5.36, P = 0.008) as well as elevated serum α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin levels were independent prognostic biomarkers for poor survival. The combination of serum endocan and these two additional markers was significantly predictive of worse survival (P < 0.0001). Thus, serum endocan may be a prognostic biomarker for survival in HCC patients, and the combination of serum endocan, α-fetoprotein, and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin levels can result in better prognostic stratification of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ozaki
- 1. Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Toshikuni
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Joseph George
- 1. Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Minato
- 1. Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsue
- 1. Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- 1. Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Endocan, a new invasion and angiogenesis marker of pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:485-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Endocan Elicits Severe Vascular Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:620-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Palmiere C, Augsburger M. Endocan measurement for the postmortem diagnosis of sepsis. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2014; 16:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu PH, Chou SF, Chen CL, Hung H, Lai CY, Yang PM, Jeng YM, Liaw SF, Kuo HH, Hsu HC, Chen JY, Wang WB. Upregulation of endocan by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and its clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82254. [PMID: 24340011 PMCID: PMC3855342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan (or called Esm-1) has been shown to have tumorigenic activities and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded oncoprotein and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To further understand the role of LMP1 in the pathogenesis of NPC, microarray analysis of LMP1-regulated genes in epithelial cells was performed. We found that endocan was one of the major cellular genes upregulated by LMP1. This induction of endocan by LMP1 was confirmed in several epithelial cell lines including an NPC cell line. Upregulation of endocan by LMP1 was found to be mediated through the CTAR1 and CTAR2 domains of LMP1 and through the LMP1-activated NF-κB, MEK-ERK and JNK signaling pathways. To study whether endocan was expressed in NPC and whether endocan expression was associated with LMP1 expression in NPC, the expression of endocan and LMP1 in tumor tissues from 42 NPC patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Expression of endocan was found in 52% of NPC specimens. Significant correlation between LMP1 and endocan expression was observed (p<0.0001). Moreover, NPC patients with endocan expression were found to have a shorter survival than NPC patients without endocan expression (p=0.0104, log-rank test). Univariate and Multivariate analyses revealed that endocan was a potential prognostic factor for NPC. Finally, we demonstrated that endocan could stimulate the migration and invasion ability of endothelial cells and this activity of endocan was dependent on the glycan moiety and the phenylalanine-rich region of endocan. Together, these studies not only identify a new molecular marker that may predict the survival of NPC patients but also provide a new insight to the pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medial University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung Hung
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fang Liaw
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Hsien Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hey-Chi Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Won-Bo Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ziol M, Sutton A, Calderaro J, Barget N, Aout M, Leroy V, Blanc JF, Sturm N, Bioulac-Sage P, Nahon P, Nault JC, Charnaux N, N'kontchou G, Trinchet JC, Delehedde M, Seror O, Beaugrand M, Vicaut E, Ganne-Carrié N. ESM-1 expression in stromal cells is predictive of recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in early hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1264-70. [PMID: 23928407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is mainly linked to tumor recurrence. So far, no tissue biomarker of recurrence has been validated in biopsy samples. We aimed at investigating the prognostic value of tissue biomarkers in HCC biopsy samples of patients treated with RFA. METHODS All consecutive naive patients from 3 university hospitals, with compensated cirrhosis, early-stage (BCLC 0/A) uninodular HCC treated with RFA, and available tumor biopsy, were included. Edmondson's grade, and the expression of cytokeratin 19, glutamine synthase, beta-catenin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) were assessed. Main clinical end points were overall and early recurrence. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan Meier, Log-rank test, and Cox models. RESULTS 150 patients were included. Recurrence, death or liver transplantation occurred in 85, 51, and 12 patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 27months. ESM-1 expression by HCC stromal endothelial cells was observed in 58 patients (40%) and was associated with higher serum AFP levels, larger tumor, and more frequent expression of EpCAM and surrogate markers of activation of the Wnt-ß-catenin pathway. The 2 independent predictive factors of overall recurrence were serum AFP (HR 1.11 [1.002; 1.22], p=0.045) and ESM-1 expression (HR 1.56 [1.004; 2.43], p=0.048). ESM-1 expression was also an independent predictive factor of early recurrence (HR 1.81 [1.02; 3.21], p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS ESM-1 expression by stromal endothelial cells, in tumor biopsy samples, has an independent predictive value of early recurrence after RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ziol
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique, Groupe hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, 93143 Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France
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Traditional herbal medicine: a review of potential of inhibitory hepatocellular carcinoma in basic research and clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:268963. [PMID: 23956767 PMCID: PMC3728506 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although significantly develops in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), features of HCC remain an aggressive cancer with a dismal outcome. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), specifically Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide. The use of heat-clearing and detoxicating (Chinese named qingre jiedu) CHM has attracted great attention as an alternative antitumor including HCC considering its low toxicity and high activity. Together these reports indicate that CHM is a promising anti-HCC herbal remedy in basic research. For patients with advanced HCC, CHM including formula and single combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or chemotherapy is able to decrease tumor growth and the side effect of toxicity and improve overall survival, quality of life, and immune function. Due to its abundance, low cost, and safety in consumption, CHM remains a species with tremendous potential for further investigation in HCC.
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Nault JC, Guyot E, Laguillier C, Chevret S, Ganne-Carrie N, N'Kontchou G, Beaugrand M, Seror O, Trinchet JC, Coelho J, Lasalle P, Charnaux N, Delehedde M, Sutton A, Nahon P. Serum proteoglycans as prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1343-52. [PMID: 23780836 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteoglycans are involved in neoangiogenesis and transduction of oncogenic signals, two hallmarks of carcinogenesis. METHODS This study sought to assess the prognostic value of serum levels of three proteoglycans (endocan, syndecan-1, and glypican-3) and VEGF in 295 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: 170 without hepatocellular carcinoma, 58 with early hepatocellular carcinoma, and 67 with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma at inclusion. We analyzed the association between proteoglycan levels and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods. RESULTS Serum levels of the three proteoglycans and VEGF were increased in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma compared with those without hepatocellular carcinoma or with early hepatocellular carcinoma. In multivariate analysis, high levels of serum endocan (>5 ng/mL) were independently associated with death [HR, 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI,) 1.18-6.84; P = 0.02], but not with hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence, in patients without hepatocellular carcinoma at baseline. High serum endocan (>5 ng/mL) and syndecan-1 (>50 ng/mL) levels were significantly associated with greater risk of tumor recurrence (P = 0.025) in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation. In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, high serum levels of endocan (P = 0.004) and syndecan-1 (P = 0.006) were significantly associated with less favorable overall survival. However, only a high level of serum syndecan-1 (>50 ng/mL) was independently associated with greater risk of death (HR, 6.21 95% CI, 1.90-20.30; P = 0.0025). CONCLUSION Serum endocan and syndecan-1 are easily assessable prognostic serum biomarkers of overall survival in alcoholic cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. IMPACT These new biomarkers will be useful to manage patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on alcoholic cirrhosis.
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