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Cammilleri G, Calabrese V, Pantano L, Brunone M, Galluzzo FG, Pulvirenti A, Fritsch T, Bongiorno C, Macaluso A, Ferrantelli V. Polyphenols of white lupin ( Lupinus albus L.) seeds cultivated in Southern Italy by a LC-HRMS method. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2864-2868. [PMID: 37674402 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2245535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we examined the contents of 14 polyphenols in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) samples cultivated in Southern Italy by the optimisation and validation of a LC-HRMS method. The validation of the LC-HRMS method showed linearity results r2 > 0.989 and recovery values between 71 and 119% for a very wide range of concentrations. Ellagic acid was the most abundant polyphenol, with mean concentrations of 16271.86 ± 19798.53 μg/Kg, followed by apigenin (2749.51 ± 889.95 μg/Kg). A significant variability in ellagic acid contents was found between the areas of cultivation examined (p < 0.05). As far as we know, this work provides the first data on the polyphenols contents of white lupins cultivated in Italy. The comparison with other study confirms the role of the cultivation area for the determination of the polyphenol's contents. The study also confirms white lupins as a promising source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances in a balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di scienze biomediche e biotecnologiche, Università degli studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Licia Pantano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Brunone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Carmelo Bongiorno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
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2
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Huang PY, Hsieh YH, Ting YH, Lee CC, Tsai JP. Ellagic acid ameliorates renal fibrogenesis by blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:59-66. [PMID: 38406569 PMCID: PMC10887343 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_106_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ellagic acid (EA), a kind of polyphenol found in numerous fruits and vegetables, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects against a variety of diseases, but its role in mediating renal fibrogenesis remains unknown. Materials and Methods We used an in vivo mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and an in vitro model with HK-2 cell lines treated with EA and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). The expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins of UUO mice was examined using immunohistochemical staining. Liver function and renal function were evaluated using biochemical testing. Western blot analysis was used to determine the proteins related to EMT, and MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. Results In UUO mice fed EA, both microscopical examination with immunohistochemical staining and western blotting protein analysis showed reduced expression of fibrotic (α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I)- and EMT (vimentin and N-cadherin)-related proteins, compared with sham control. In HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1, EA decreased motility as well as expression of α-SMA, collagen-I, fibronectin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Conclusion EA reduced the progression of the morphological transformations and concomitantly suppressed the expression of fibrotic- and EMT-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. These findings improved our understanding of the role of EA in suppressing renal fibrogenesis and demonstrated the promising role EA may play in the management of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ting
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chang M, Chen W, Xia R, Peng Y, Niu P, Fan H. Pancreatic Stellate Cells and the Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Pancreatitis. Molecules 2023; 28:5586. [PMID: 37513458 PMCID: PMC10383437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by inflammatory recurrence that accompanies the development of pancreatic fibrosis. As the mystery of CP pathogenesis is gradually revealed, accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the appearance of a myofibroblast-like phenotype are the key gatekeepers in the development of CP. Targeting PSCs to prevent their activation and conversion to a myofibroblast-like phenotype, as well as increasing antioxidant capacity to counteract ongoing oxidative stress, are effective strategies for preventing or treating CP. Therefore, we reviewed the crosstalk between CP and pancreatic fibrosis, summarized the activation mechanisms of PSCs, and investigated potential CP therapeutic strategies targeting PSCs, including, but not limited to, anti-fibrosis therapy, antioxidant therapy, and gene therapy. Meanwhile, the above therapeutic strategies are selected in order to update the available phytopharmaceuticals as novel complementary or alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of CP to clarify their potential mechanisms of action and their relevant molecular targets, aiming to provide the most comprehensive therapeutic treatment direction for CP and to bring new hope to CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruting Xia
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yangyue Peng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pandi Niu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Saribas GS, Akarca Dizakar O, Ozogul C, Celik E, Ergoren MC. Ellagic acid increases implantation rates with its antifibrotic effect in the rat model of intrauterine adhesion. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154499. [PMID: 37163881 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are defined as the adhesion of opposing endometrial tissue with dense fibrous adhesive bands within the uterine cavity. With the increase in cesarean sections and endometrial surgical procedures, intrauterine adhesions have become a problem with increasing incidence and decreasing implantation. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic compound, on fibrosis in IUA model rats. Another goal of the study was to increase endometrial receptivity with EA. The groups in the study were planned as control, DMSO, EA, IUA, IUA+DMSO, and IUA+EA, with 8 Sprague Dawley rats in each group. EA was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, the uterine tissues of the rats were removed. Histochemical staining was used to validate the IUA model and determine the degree of fibrosis. The levels of some fibrosis-related genes and proteins in the obtained uterine tissues were evaluated. In addition, implantation rates were determined. In our findings, it was observed that the fibrotic structure was decreased in the treated IUA+EA group compared to the IUA group, while fibrotic improvement was supported by down-regulation of TGFβ1 activity and up-regulation of BMP7 activity. The increase in the expression of the endometrial marker LIF with EA treatment was consistent with the increase in implantation rates with treatment. As a result of the study, it can be said that EA applied as a treatment against IUA causes healing in uterine tissue by reducing fibrosis and increases implantation rates by increasing endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Sanem Saribas
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey; Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kirsehir, Turkey.
| | - Ozen Akarca Dizakar
- Izmir Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Candan Ozogul
- University of Kyrenia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Ekin Celik
- Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nicosia, Northern cyprus, Turkey
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Mannino F, Imbesi C, Bitto A, Minutoli L, Squadrito F, D'Angelo T, Booz C, Pallio G, Irrera N. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic and punicic acid in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114666. [PMID: 37030134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and an increased production of fibrillar collagen in the cardiac interstitium, mainly caused by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts and their transition into myofibroblasts. Oxidative stress is deeply implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis both directly and via its involvement in the tumor growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Ellagic acid (EA) and punicic acid (PA) are the main components of the Punica granatum L (pomegranate) fruit and seed oil respectively, whose antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects have been previously described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EA or PA or EA+PA in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Immortalized Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (IM-HCF) were stimulated with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 24 h to induce a fibrotic damage. Cells were then treated with EA (1 µM), PA (1 µM) or EA+PA for additional 24 h. Both EA and PA reduced the pro-fibrotic proteins expressions and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The anti-oxidant activity was also observed by Nrf2 activation with the consequent TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition, thus reducing collagen production. EA and PA significantly inhibit NF-κB pathway and, consequently, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels: the greater effect was observed when EA and PA were used in combination. These results suggest that EA, PA and in particular EA+PA might be effective in reducing fibrosis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by the modulation of different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Imbesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Christian Booz
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhang WQ, Liu XY, Zhang Q, Mao T, Li XY. Immune cells and immune cell-targeted therapy in chronic pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151103. [PMID: 36969002 PMCID: PMC10034053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies have attempted to understand the immune cells and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by constructing a model of CP. Based on these studies, the innate immune response is a key factor in disease pathogenesis and inflammation severity. Novel mechanisms of crosstalk between immune and non-immune pancreatic cells, such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), have also been explored. Immune cells, immune responses, and signaling pathways in CP are important factors in the development and progression of pancreatitis. Based on these mechanisms, targeted therapy may provide a feasible scheme to stop or reverse the progression of the disease in the future and provide a new direction for the treatment of CP. This review summarizes the recent advances in research on immune mechanisms in CP and the new advances in treatment based on these mechanisms.
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ALTamimi JZ, Alshammari GM, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Albekairi NA, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:25-37. [PMID: 34870551 PMCID: PMC8654409 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1990969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is used in traditional medicine to treated hyperlipidaemia. OBJECTIVE This study examined if AMPK mediates the anti-steatotic effect of ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 rats/group) as control, control + EA, control + EA + CC an AMPK inhibitor), T1DM, T1DM + EA, and T1DM + EA + CC. The treatments with EA (50 mg/kg/orally) and CC (200 ng/rat/i.p.) were given the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. RESULTS In T1DM-rats, EA reduced fasting glucose levels (44.8%), increased fasting insulin levels (92.8%), prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased hepatic and serum levels of total triglycerides (54% & 61%), cholesterol (57% & 48%), and free fatty acids (40% & 37%). It also reduced hepatic levels of ROS (62%), MDA (52%), TNF-α (62%), and IL-6 (57.2%) and the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65 (54%) but increased the nuclear activity of Nrf-2 (4-fold) and levels of GSH (107%) and SOD (87%). Besides, EA reduced downregulated SREBP1 (35%), SREBP2 (34%), ACC-1 (36%), FAS (38%), and HMG-CoAR (49%) but stimulated mRNA levels of PPARα (1.7-fold) and CPT1a (1.8-fold), CPT1b (2.9-fold), and p-AMPK (4-fold). All these events were prevented by the co-administration of CC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings encourage the use of EA to treat hepatic disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ahmad Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li BQ, Liu XY, Mao T, Zheng TH, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li XY. The research progress of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1050274. [PMID: 36505827 PMCID: PMC9730810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas, caused by multiple factors and accompanied by irreversible impairment of pancreatic internal and external secretory functions. Pathologically, atrophy of the pancreatic acini, tissue fibrosis or calcification, focal edema, inflammation, and necrosis are observed. Clinical manifestations include recurrent or persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, emaciation, and diabetes. In addition, CP is prone to develop into pancreatic cancer(PC) due to persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The disease course is prolonged and the clinical prognosis is poor. Currently, clinical treatment of CP is still based on symptomatic treatment and there is a lack of effective etiological treatment. Encouragingly, experiments have shown that a variety of active substances have great potential in the etiological treatment of chronic pancreatitis. In this paper, we will review the pathogenesis of CP, as well as the research progress on anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies, which will provide new ideas for the development of subsequent clinical studies and formulation of effective treatment programs, and help prevent CP from developing into pancreatic cancer and reduce the prevalence of PC as much as possible.
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García-Niño WR, Ibarra-Lara L, Cuevas-Magaña MY, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Armada E. Protective activities of ellagic acid and urolithins against kidney toxicity of environmental pollutants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103960. [PMID: 35995378 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two possible mechanisms related to nephrotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. Ellagic acid, a powerful antioxidant phytochemical, may have great relevance in mitigating pollutant-induced nephrotoxicity and preventing the progression of kidney disease. This review discusses the latest findings on the protective effects of ellagic acid, its metabolic derivatives, the urolithins, against kidney toxicity caused by heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and organic air pollutants. We describe the chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiautophagic, and antiapoptotic properties of ellagic acid to attenuate nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we present the molecular targets and signaling pathways that are regulated by these antioxidants, and suggest some others that should be explored. Nevertheless, the number of reports is still limited to establish the efficacy of ellagic acid against kidney damage induced by environmental pollutants. Therefore, additional preclinical studies on this topic are required, as well as the development of well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mayra Yael Cuevas-Magaña
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elisabeth Armada
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
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Yu ZH, Cao M, Wang YX, Yan SY, Qing LT, Wu CM, Li S, Li TY, Chen Q, Zhao J. Urolithin A Attenuates Helicobacter pylori-Induced Damage In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11981-11993. [PMID: 36106620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolite produced in the gut following the consumption of ellagic acid (EA) rich foods. EA has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Because EA is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, urolithins are considered to play a major role in bioactivity. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection all over the world. It is potentially hazardous to humans because of its relationship to various gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of UA on inflammation by H. pylori. The results indicated that UA attenuated H. pylori-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. UA also reduced the secretion of H. pylori virulence factors and tissue injuries in mice. Furthermore, UA decreased the relative abundance of Helicobacteraceae in feces of H. pylori-infected mice. In summary, taking UA effectively inhibited the injury caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Cao
- Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuan-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Ting Qing
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng-Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Ferroportin-dependent ferroptosis induced by ellagic acid retards liver fibrosis by impairing the SNARE complexes formation. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102435. [PMID: 36029649 PMCID: PMC9425030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury causing liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Targeting the suppression of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is recognized as an effective strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol product isolated from fruits and vegetables, possesses many biological functions. Here, EA exerts its antifibrotic activity by inducing ferroptotic cell death of activated HSCs, which is accompanied by redox-active iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH depletion in CCl4 mice and human LX-2 cells. The specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 prevented EA-induced ferroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, EA impairs the formation of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2)/syntaxin 4 and VAMP2/synaptosome-associated protein 23 complexes by suppressing VAMP2 expression by enhancing its degradation in a proteasome-dependent pathway. This leads to the impairment of ferroportin (FPN, an iron exporter) translocation and intracellular iron extrusion. Interestingly, VAMP2 overexpression inhibits the role of EA in blocking FPN translocation and increasing intracellular ferritin content (an iron storage marker). In contrast, VAMP2 knockdown shows a synergistic effect on EA-mediated ferroptotic events in both HSCs. Additionally, HSC-specific overexpression of VAMP2 impaired EA-induced HSC ferroptosis in mouse liver fibrosis, and HSC-specific VAMP2 knockdown increased the inhibitory effect of EA on fibrosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the natural product EA exerts its antifibrotic effects by inducing FPN-dependent ferroptosis of HSCs by disrupting the formation of SNARE complexes, and EA will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for liver fibrosis treatment. EA exerts its antifibrotic activity by inducing ferroptotic cell death of activated HSCs in CCl4/BDL mice. EA blocks the SNARE complexes formation by suppressing VAMP2by enhancing its degradation in a proteasome-dependent pathway. Impairment SNARE complexes suppress FPN translocation, which in turn prevents intracellular iron extrusion. EA induces ferroptosis of HSCs resulting from intracellular excessive iron accumulation.
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Ameliorative Effects of Gut Microbial Metabolite Urolithin A on Pancreatic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122549. [PMID: 35745279 PMCID: PMC9229509 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (Uro A) is a dietary metabolite of the intestinal microbiota following the ingestion of plant-based food ingredients ellagitannins and ellagic acid in mammals. Accumulating studies have reported its multiple potential health benefits in a broad range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive impairment, and diabetes. In particular, Uro A is safe via direct oral administration and is non-genotoxic. The pancreas plays a central role in regulating energy consumption and metabolism by secreting digestive enzymes and hormones. Numerous pathophysiological factors, such as inflammation, deficits of mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, can negatively affect the pancreas, leading to pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies showed that Uro A activates autophagy and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas, thus decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of Uro A metabolism and biological activity in the gut, as well as the pathological features and mechanisms of common pancreatic diseases. Importantly, we focus on the potential activities of Uro A and the underlying mechanisms in ameliorating various pancreatic diseases via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways, activating autophagy, maintaining the mitochondrial function, and improving the immune microenvironment. It might present a novel nutritional strategy for the intervention and prevention of pancreatic diseases.
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Li X, Huang K, Liu X, Ruan H, Ma L, Liang J, Cui Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Li H, Wei Y, Li Z, Gao J, Yang B, Li X, Yang G, Zhou H, Yang C. Ellagic Acid Attenuates BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Inhibiting Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639574. [PMID: 33912053 PMCID: PMC8072668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with high mortality and limited therapy that is characterized by epithelial cell damage and fibroblast activation. Ellagic acid is a natural polyphenol compound widely found in fruits and nuts that has multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the potential effects and mechanisms of Ellagic acid on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies showed that Ellagic acid significantly alleviated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro experiments indicated that Ellagic acid could suppress Wnt signaling and attenuate Wnt3a-induced myofibroblast activation and the phosphorylation of Erk2 and Akt. Further studies showed that Ellagic acid could induce autophagy formation in myofibroblasts mainly by suppressing mTOR signaling and promoting apoptosis of myofibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that Ellagic acid significantly inhibited myofibroblast activation and promoted autophagy formation. Taken together, our results show that Ellagic acid effectively attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing myofibroblast activation and promoting autophagy and apoptosis of myofibroblasts by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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14
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Aslan A, Beyaz S, Gok O, Can MI, Erman F, Erman O. The impact of ellagic acid on some apoptotic gene expressions: a new perspective for the regulation of pancreatic Nrf-2/NF-κB and Akt/VEGF signaling in CCl 4-induced pancreas damage in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:145-152. [PMID: 33455449 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1869255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid (EA) in the treatment of pancreatic injury. EA has been found to have strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. The effects of EA on pancreati˜c star cell (PSC) activation and cell functions have been evaluated and it has been shown that it inhibits the activation of basic cell functions and PSCs and. it has antidiabetic activity through its effect on β-pancreas cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, 36 Wistar albino rats (n = 36, 8 weeks old) were used. Rats were divided to 4 groups and 9 rats were each group. Groups: Group 1: control group; Group 2: EA group; Group 3: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group; Group 4: EA + CCl4 group. Animals were decapitated after 8 weeks and their pancreas tissue samples were taken and researched. In pancreas tissue, NF-κB, TNF-α, Nrf-2, VEGF, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and Akt proteins expression ratios were analyzed by western blotting method, CAT activity and GSH levels were determined by spectrophotometer and ROS production was detected by MDA. RESULTS In our results, the Nrf-2 and caspase-3 protein expressions, catalase activities and GSH levels increased, TNF-α, NF-κB, Bcl-2, VEGF, and Akt protein expressions and MDA levels reduced in EA + CCl4 group comparable to the CCl4 group. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that EA decreases pancreas tissue injury in rats and that EA may also be used as a drug against pancreas tissue injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ismail Can
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Erman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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do Nascimento MF, Cardoso JC, Santos TS, Tavares LA, Pashirova TN, Severino P, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Junior RLC. Development and Characterization of Biointeractive Gelatin Wound Dressing Based on Extract of Punica granatum Linn. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1204. [PMID: 33322458 PMCID: PMC7763089 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) extracts have been proposed for wound healing due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this work, we designed biointeractive membranes that contain standard extracts of P. granatum for the purpose of wound healing. The used standard extract contained 32.24 mg/g of gallic acid and 41.67 mg/g of ellagic acid, and it showed high antioxidant activity (the concentration of the extract that produces 50% scavenging (IC50) 1.715 µg/mL). Compared to the gelatin-based membranes (GEL), membranes containing P. granatum extracts (GELPG) presented a higher maximal tension (p = 0.021) and swelling index (p = 0.033) and lower water vapor permeability (p = 0.003). However, no difference was observed in the elongation and elastic modulus of the two types of membranes (p > 0.05). Our wound-healing assay showed that a GELPG-treated group experienced a significant increase compared to that of the control group in their wound contraction rates on days 3 (p < 0.01), 7 (p < 0.001), and on day 14 (p < 0.001). The GELPG membranes promoted major histological changes in the dynamics of wound healing, such as improvements in the formation of granular tissue, better collagen deposition and arrangement, and earlier development of cutaneous appendages. Our results suggest that a biointeractive gelatin-based membrane containing P. granatum extracts has a promising potential application for dressings that are used to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marismar F. do Nascimento
- Health and Environment Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil; (M.F.d.N.); (J.C.C.); (T.S.S.); (L.A.T.)
- School of Nursing, University of Pernambuco, Brazil BR 203, Km 2, s/n, Petrolina 56328-903, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Cardoso
- Health and Environment Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil; (M.F.d.N.); (J.C.C.); (T.S.S.); (L.A.T.)
- Institute of Research and Technology (ITR), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tarsizio S. Santos
- Health and Environment Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil; (M.F.d.N.); (J.C.C.); (T.S.S.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Lívia A. Tavares
- Health and Environment Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil; (M.F.d.N.); (J.C.C.); (T.S.S.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Tatiana N. Pashirova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov St., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Patricia Severino
- School of Pharmacy, Industrial Biotechnology Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil;
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women & Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo L. C. de Albuquerque-Junior
- Health and Environment Post-Graduating Program, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil; (M.F.d.N.); (J.C.C.); (T.S.S.); (L.A.T.)
- Institute of Research and Technology (ITR), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
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16
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Bahri S, Ali RB, Abdennabi R, Nahdi A, Mlika M, Jameleddine S. Industrial Elimination of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus Officinalis: In Support of the Synergic Antifibrotic Effect of Rosmarinic and Carnosic Acids in Bleomycin Model of Lung Fibrosis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2376-2387. [PMID: 33059466 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1826991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by collagen deposition as a consequence of excessive lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts proliferation. We aimed to investigate for the first time the effect of rosemary leaf extract rich with carnosic acid (CA) or rosmarinic acid (RA), after industrial elimination of essential oils, against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were given a single dose of BLM (4 mg/kg, intratracheal), while CA rich extract, RA rich extract or the combination RA/CA rich extracts (10, 75 and 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were administered 3 day later and continued for 4 weeks. We reveled by HPLC an important similar amount of phenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, vanillic, gallic and ellagic acids in both rosemary extracts. BLM induced lung fibrotic foci and disturbance in superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde levels. At 10 mg/kg, both rosemary extracts administrated alone or in combination alleviated synergistically lung fibrosis and ameliorated oxidative changes induced by BLM. In conclusion, industrial elimination of essential oils from rosemary allowed us to obtain two extracts with potent antifibrotic activities due to the large amount of RA and CA that appear much higher and effective than wild rosemary extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Quality Control, Herbes De Tunisie, Company AYACHI-Group, Siliana, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Rashmi HB, Negi PS. Phenolic acids from vegetables: A review on processing stability and health benefits. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109298. [PMID: 32846511 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the most prominent group of bioactive compounds present in various plant sources. Hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, the aromatic secondary metabolites imparting typical organoleptic characteristics to food are the major phenolic acids, and they are linked to several health benefits. Fruit and beverage crops being the richer sources of phenolic acids have been studied in depth, but phenolic acids from vegetables are largely overlooked. Though lesser in quantity in many vegetables, there is a need to explore the health benefits of the phenolic acids present in them. In this review, the importance of vegetables as a significant source of phenolic acids is emphasized. Vegetables being easily accessible throughout the year and consumed in larger quantities compared to fruits in our daily diet will probably contribute to significant health benefits. Since vegetables are often processed before consumption, the changes in phenolic acids as influenced by processing methods are highlighted. Best processing methods, pre-treatments and storage conditions for higher retention of phenolic acids have been highlighted to minimize their losses. The phenolic acids in vegetables and their health benefits have been cluster mapped, which may facilitate further research for nutraceutical development for specific health concerns. The processing stability of phenolic acids coupled with higher consumption indicates that they may be a potential source of phenolic acids in the diet. It is expected that the popularization of vegetables as a source of phenolic acids in daily diet will help in ameliorating the adverse effect of some of the lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havalli Bommegowda Rashmi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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18
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Ramakrishnan P, Loh WM, Gopinath SC, Bonam SR, Fareez IM, Mac Guad R, Sim MS, Wu YS. Selective phytochemicals targeting pancreatic stellate cells as new anti-fibrotic agents for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:399-413. [PMID: 32140388 PMCID: PMC7049637 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puvanesswaray Ramakrishnan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wei Mee Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C.B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Ismail M. Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
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19
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Lin Z, Lin C, Fu C, Lu H, Jin H, Chen Q, Pan J. The protective effect of Ellagic acid (EA) in osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109845. [PMID: 32058211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive joint disorder, is principally characterized by the degeneration and destruction of the articular cartilage. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol found in berries and nuts has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects, however, its effects and underlying mechanisms on OA have seldom been systematically illuminated. In this study, we reported the anti-inflammatory effects of Ellagic acid (EA) in the progression of OA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. in vitro study, IL-1β-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were inhibited by Ellagic acid (EA). Moreover, Ellagic acid (EA) down-regulated the IL-1β-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5) while up-regulated the collagen of type II and aggrecan. Mechanistically, we revealed that Ellagic acid (EA) suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in IL-1β -induced chondrocytes. And Ellagic acid (EA)-induced protectiveness in OA development was also shown by the DMM model. Taken together, our data indicate that Ellagic acid (EA) may serve as a potential drug for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changchang Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haidong Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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Bahri S, Ben Ali R, Nahdi A, Mlika M, Abdennabi R, Jameleddine S. Salvia officinalisattenuates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and lung fibrosis in rats. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1135-1145. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1675724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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Gut microbial transformation, a potential improving factor in the therapeutic activities of four groups of natural compounds isolated from herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 2019; 138:104293. [PMID: 31398447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have attracted widespread attention because of their significant contributions to the prevention and treatment of many human diseases. Recently, gut microbiota has become an important frontier to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of medicines. Gut microbiota-mediated transformation is a microbial metabolic form after oral administrations of HMs compounds. A great number of studies showed that gut microbiota could transform some HMs compounds by the variation of chemical structures into several active metabolites, which exerted better bioavailabilities and therapeutic activities than their parent compounds. Among these HMs compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids were the representative ones. However, there is no systemic review focusing on the potential improved therapeutic activities of these natural compounds caused by gut microbial transformation. Here, this review summarizes the therapeutic activities that are more potent in microbial transformed metabolites than in their parent compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and terpenoids) from HMs. We hope this review will be conducive to deepening the understanding of the relationship between gut microbial transformation and therapeutic activities of HMs compounds.
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Li Y, Tang Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang S, Tian Y, Wang C, Teng Z, Lu G. Sequential therapy for pancreatic cancer by losartan- and gemcitabine-loaded magnetic mesoporous spheres. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19690-19698. [PMID: 35519380 PMCID: PMC9065328 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential therapy has attracted increasing attention for cancer treatment, in which multiple drugs can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In this work, sequential therapy is demonstrated using amino functionalized Fe3O4 embedded periodic mesoporous organosilica spheres (Fe3O4@PMO-NH2) and Fe3O4@PMO as drug carriers. Losartan can inhibit type I collagen and hyaluronic acid of the pancreatic cancer matrix, which is safe and inexpensive, and does not increase the risk of tumor metastasis. First, losartan is loaded in the Fe3O4@PMO-NH2 (Fe3O4@PMO-NH2-Los) to treat pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumor slices after treatment with Fe3O4@PMO-NH2-Los confirms that collagen and hyaluronan acid are significantly reduced. The major solid components in the extracellular matrix of the tumor are reduced, which facilitates the penetration of nanodrugs into the tumor site. Afterward, gemcitabine loaded Fe3O4@PMO (Fe3O4@PMO-Gem) is sequentially delivered to treat pancreatic cancer, which shows strong killing ability for the pancreatic cancer cells. Comparing with a saline group, the tumor volume treated with Fe3O4@PMO-NH2-Los, Fe3O4@PMO-Gem, and Fe3O4@PMO-NH2-Los + Fe3O4@PMO-Gem decreases to 92.6%, 60.7%, and 28.6%, respectively, suggesting that the sequential therapy significantly inhibits pancreatic tumor growth compared to the mono-therapy strategy. Taken together, this study provides a promising approach for nanomaterials-based sequential therapy for pancreatic cancer treatment. Sequential therapy has attracted increasing attention for cancer treatment, in which multiple drugs can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Shouju Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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Zeb A. Ellagic acid in suppressing in vivo and in vitro oxidative stresses. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:27-41. [PMID: 29388153 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biological condition produced by a variety of factors, causing several chronic diseases. Oxidative stress was, therefore, treated with natural antioxidants, such as ellagic acid (EA). EA has a major role in protecting against different diseases associated with oxidative stress. This review critically discussed the antioxidant role of EA in biological systems. The in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the protective role of EA in suppressing oxidative stress. The review also discussed the mechanism of EA in suppressing of oxidative stress, which showed that EA activates specific endogenous antioxidant enzymes and suppresses specific genes responsible for inflammation, diseases, or disturbance of biochemical systems. The amount of EA used and duration, which plays a significant role in the treatment of oxidative stress has been discussed. In conclusion, EA is a strong natural antioxidant, which possesses the suppressing power of oxidative stress in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Muthukumaran S, Tranchant C, Shi J, Ye X, Xue SJ. Ellagic acid in strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Biological, technological, stability, and human health aspects. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The currently available treatment of CP is aimed at controlling symptoms and managing complications. Unfortunately, no specific treatment is available to halt the progression of the disease process because the pathophysiological perturbations in CP are not well understood. In this review, we discuss various therapeutic targets and investigational agents acting on these targets. Among these, therapies modulating immune cells and those acting on pancreatic stellate cells appear promising and may translate into clinical benefit in near future. However, these experimental therapies are mostly in animal models and they do not recapitulate all aspects of human disease. Still they may be beneficial in developing effective therapeutic modalities to curb inflammation in chronic pancreatitis.
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Anchi P, Khurana A, Bale S, Godugu C. The Role of Plant-derived Products in Pancreatitis: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res 2017; 31:591-623. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Swarna Bale
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar; Hyderabad Telangana India
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Allam G, Abuelsaad AS, Alblihed MA, Alsulaimani AA. Ellagic acid reduces murine schistosomiasis mansoni immunopathology via up-regulation of IL-10 and down-modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:286-97. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1189561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lee JH, Won JH, Choi JM, Cha HH, Jang YJ, Park S, Kim HG, Kim HC, Kim DK. Protective effect of ellagic acid on concanavalin A-induced hepatitis via toll-like receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10110-10117. [PMID: 25238033 DOI: 10.1021/jf503188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is present in certain fruits and nuts, including raspberries, pomegranates, and walnuts, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aims of this study were to examine the protective effect of EA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms in mice. Mice were orally administered EA at different doses before the intravenous delivery of Con A; the different experimental groups were as follows: (i) vehicle control, (ii) Con A alone without EA, (iii) EA at 50 mg/kg, (iv) EA at 100 mg/kg, and (v) EA at 200 mg/kg. We found that EA pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of plasma aminotransferase and liver necrosis in Con A-induced hepatitis. Also, EA significantly decreased the expression levels of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA and protein in liver tissues. Further, EA decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38. EA-treated groups showed suppressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and IκB-α degradation levels in liver tissues. In addition, EA pretreatment decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). These results suggest that EA protects against T-cell-mediated hepatitis through TLR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Lee
- Department of Environmental and Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
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31
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Islam MS, Akhtar MM, Ciavattini A, Giannubilo SR, Protic O, Janjusevic M, Procopio AD, Segars JH, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Use of dietary phytochemicals to target inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in uterine tissues: promising options for prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids? Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1667-84. [PMID: 24976593 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are the most common benign tumors of female reproductive tract. They are highly prevalent, with 70-80% of women burdened by the end of their reproductive years. Fibroids are a leading cause of pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pressure on the bladder, miscarriage, and infertility. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and costs exceed 6 billion dollars annually in the United States. Unfortunately, no long-term medical treatments are available. Dysregulation of inflammatory processes are thought to be involved in the initiation of leiomyoma and extracellular matrix deposition, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis are the key cellular events implicated in leiomyoma growth. In modern pharmaceutical industries, dietary phytochemicals are used as source of new potential drugs for many kinds of tumors. Dietary phytochemicals may exert therapeutic effects by interfering with key cellular events of the tumorigenesis process. At present, a negligible number of phytochemicals have been tested as therapeutic agents against fibroids. In this context, our aim was to introduce some of the potential dietary phytochemicals that have shown anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and antiangiogenic activities in different biological systems. This review could be useful to stimulate the evaluation of these phytochemicals as possible therapies for uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Apte MV, Pirola RC, Wilson JS. Pancreatic stellate cells: a starring role in normal and diseased pancreas. Front Physiol 2012; 3:344. [PMID: 22973234 PMCID: PMC3428781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the morphology and function of cells of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas have been studied over several centuries, one important cell type in the gland, the pancreatic stellate cell (PSC), had remained undiscovered until as recently as 20 years ago. Even after its first description in 1982, it was to be another 16 years before its biology could begin to be studied, because it was only in 1998 that methods were developed to isolate and culture PSCs from rodent and human pancreas. PSCs are now known to play a critical role in pancreatic fibrosis, a consistent histological feature of two major diseases of the pancreas—chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In health, PSCs maintain normal tissue architecture via regulation of the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Recent studies have also implied other functions for PSCs as progenitor cells, immune cells or intermediaries in exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans. During pancreatic injury, PSCs transform from their quiescent phase into an activated, myofibroblast-like phenotype that secretes excessive amounts of ECM proteins leading to the fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. An ever increasing number of factors that stimulate and/or inhibit PSC activation via paracrine and autocrine pathways are being identified and characterized. It is also now established that PSCs interact closely with pancreatic cancer cells to facilitate cancer progression. Based on these findings, several therapeutic strategies have been examined in experimental models of chronic pancreatitis as well as pancreatic cancer, in a bid to inhibit/retard PSC activation and thereby alleviate chronic pancreatitis or reduce tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. The challenge that remains is to translate these pre-clinical developments into clinically applicable treatments for patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Erkan M, Hausmann S, Michalski CW, Fingerle AA, Dobritz M, Kleeff J, Friess H. The role of stroma in pancreatic cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9:454-67. [PMID: 22710569 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the five most lethal malignancies worldwide and survival has not improved substantially in the past 30 years. Desmoplasia (abundant fibrotic stroma) is a typical feature of PDAC in humans, and stromal activation commonly starts around precancerous lesions. It is becoming clear that this stromal tissue is not a bystander in disease progression. Cancer-stroma interactions effect tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance and possibly the metastatic spread of tumour cells. Therefore, targeting the tumour stroma, in combination with chemotherapy, is a promising new option for the treatment of PDAC. In this Review, we focus on four issues. First, how can stromal activity be used to detect early steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis? Second, what is the effect of perpetual pancreatic stellate cell activity on angiogenesis and tissue perfusion? Third, what are the (experimental) antifibrotic therapy options in PDAC? Fourth, what lessons can be learned from Langton's Ant (a simple mathematical model) regarding the unpredictability of genetically engineered mouse models?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Erkan
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 12, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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The role of stroma in pancreatic cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. J Gastrointest Cancer 2012; 40:1-9. [PMID: 22710569 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-009-9071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the five most lethal malignancies worldwide and survival has not improved substantially in the past 30 years. Desmoplasia (abundant fibrotic stroma) is a typical feature of PDAC in humans, and stromal activation commonly starts around precancerous lesions. It is becoming clear that this stromal tissue is not a bystander in disease progression. Cancer-stroma interactions effect tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance and possibly the metastatic spread of tumour cells. Therefore, targeting the tumour stroma, in combination with chemotherapy, is a promising new option for the treatment of PDAC. In this Review, we focus on four issues. First, how can stromal activity be used to detect early steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis? Second, what is the effect of perpetual pancreatic stellate cell activity on angiogenesis and tissue perfusion? Third, what are the (experimental) antifibrotic therapy options in PDAC? Fourth, what lessons can be learned from Langton's Ant (a simple mathematical model) regarding the unpredictability of genetically engineered mouse models?
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35
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Can we expect progress in the treatment of fibrosis in the course of chronic pancreatitis? Adv Med Sci 2012; 56:132-7. [PMID: 21940269 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-011-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a necroinflammatory process characterized by loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. To date, the disease has been treated symptomatically. Real advances in CP management can be expected once the pathophysiology of the disease is elucidated and individual stages of its development are properly managed. A key role in the CP pathogenesis is played by activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that cooperate with the remaining pancreatic cells. All these cells produce cytokines, growth factors, angiotensin and other substances, which paracrinally or autocrinally induce further, persistent activation of PSCs. The activated PSCs are capable of producing and modifying the extracellular matrix. An optimal therapeutic preparation should exert beneficial effects on all the above-mentioned phenomena observed in CP. The most promising treatment modalities include blocking of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ), influence on the remaining PSC signaling pathways, blocking of substances produced by activated PSCs, and antioxidants. The findings of many recent experimental studies are highly encouraging; however, their efficacy should be confirmed in well-designed clinical trials.
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Rosillo MA, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, de la Lastra CA. Dietary supplementation of an ellagic acid-enriched pomegranate extract attenuates chronic colonic inflammation in rats. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:235-42. [PMID: 22677088 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols present in Punica granatum (pomegranate), such as ellagitannins and ellagic acid (EA) have shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a dietary EA-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) in a murine chronic model of Cronh's disease (CD). Colonic injury was induced by intracolonic instillation of trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS). Rats were fed with different diets during 30 days before TNBS instillation and 2 weeks before killing: (i) standard, (ii) PE 250 mg/kg/day, (iii) PE 500 mg/kg/day, (iv) EA 10 mg/kg/day and (v) EA 10 mg/kg/day enriched-PE 250 mg/kg/day. Inflammation response was assessed by histology and MPO activity and TNF-α production. Besides, colonic expressions of iNOS, COX-2, p38, JNK, pERK1/2 MAPKs, IKBα and nuclear p65 NF-κB were studied by western blotting. MPO activity and the TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in dietary fed rats when compared with TNBS group. Similarly, PE and an EA-enriched PE diets drastically decreased COX-2 and iNOS overexpression, reduced MAPKs phosporylation and prevented the nuclear NF-κB translocation. Dietary supplementation of EA contributes in the beneficial effect of PE in this experimental colitis model and may be a novel therapeutic strategy to manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville. Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and damage in kidney genomic DNA of Swiss albino mice: the protective effect of Ellagic acid. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Apte M, Pirola R, Wilson J. The fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis: new insights into the role of pancreatic stellate cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2711-22. [PMID: 21728885 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Prominent fibrosis is a major histological feature of chronic pancreatitis, a progressive necroinflammatory condition of the pancreas, most commonly associated with alcohol abuse. Patients with this disease often develop exocrine and endocrine insufficiency characterized by maldigestion and diabetes. Up until just over a decade ago, there was little understanding of the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. RECENT ADVANCES In recent times, significant progress has been made in this area, mostly due to the identification, isolation, and characterization of the cells, namely pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that are now established as key players in pancreatic fibrogenesis. In health, PSCs maintain normal tissue architecture via regulation of the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. During pancreatic injury, PSCs transform into an activated phenotype that secretes excessive amounts of the ECM proteins that comprise fibrous tissue. CRITICAL ISSUES This Review summarizes current knowledge and critical aspects of PSC biology which have been increasingly well characterized over the past few years, particularly with respect to the response of PSCs to factors that stimulate or inhibit their activation and the intracellular signaling pathways governing these processes. Based on this knowledge, several therapeutic strategies have been examined in experimental models of pancreatic fibrosis, demonstrating that pancreatic fibrosis is a potentially reversible condition, at least in early stages. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These will involve translation of the laboratory findings into effective clinical approaches to prevent/inhibit PSC activation so as to prevent, retard, or reverse the fibrotic process in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Protective effect of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, in a murine model of Crohn's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:737-45. [PMID: 21763290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current epidemiological and experimental studies support a beneficial role of dietary polyphenols in several gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effects of a naturally occurring polyphenol, ellagic acid, present in some fruits such as pomegranate, raspberries and nuts among others, in an experimental murine model of Crohn's disease by intra-colonic administration of TNBS in rats. Analysis of the lesions were carried out by macroscopic and histological technics. Inflammation response was assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase activity. iNOS and COX-2 are upregulated by MAPKs and NF-κB nuclear transcription factor in intestinal epithelial cells thus, we determined the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and the involvement of the p38, JNK, ERK1/2 MAPKs and NF-κB signalling in the protective effect of EA by western blotting. Oral administration of EA (10-20 mg/kg) diminished the severity and extension of the intestinal injuries induced by TNBS although there was no observed a significant dose-response. In addition, EA increased mucus production in goblet cells in colon mucosa, decreased neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS overexpression. Also EA was capable of reducing the activation of p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPKs, preventing the inhibitory protein IκB-degradation and inducing an inhibition of the nuclear translocation level of p65 in colonic mucosa. In conclusion, EA reduces the damage in a rat model of Crohn's disease, alleviates the oxidative events and returns pro-inflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Ansari D, Andersson E, Andersson B, Andersson R. Chronic pancreatitis: potential future interventions. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:1022-8. [PMID: 20509755 DOI: 10.3109/00365521003734174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a common disorder of which the underlying pathogenic mechanisms still are incompletely understood. In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown that activated pancreatic stellate cells play a key role in the fibrosis development associated with chronic pancreatitis as well as pancreatic cancer. During pancreatic injury or inflammation, quiescent stellate cells undergo a phenotypic transformation, characterized by smooth muscle alpha-actin expression and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Hitherto, specific therapies to prevent or reverse pancreatic fibrosis are unavailable. This review addresses current insights into pathological mechanisms underlying chronic pancreatitis and their applicability as concerns the development of potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Masamune A, Watanabe T, Kikuta K, Shimosegawa T. Roles of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7:S48-54. [PMID: 19896099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over a decade, there is accumulating evidence that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis. In response to pancreatic injury or inflammation, quiescent PSCs are transformed (activated) to myofibroblast-like cells, which express alpha-smooth muscle actin. Activated PSCs proliferate, migrate, produce extracellular matrix components, such as type I collagen, and express cytokines and chemokines. Recent studies have suggested novel roles of PSCs in local immune functions and angiogenesis in the pancreas. If the pancreatic inflammation and injury are sustained or repeated, PSC activation is perpetuated, leading to the development of pancreatic fibrosis. In this context, pancreatic fibrosis can be defined as pathologic changes of extracellular matrix composition in both quantity and quality, resulting from perpetuated activation of PSCs. Because PSCs are very similar to hepatic stellate cells, PSC research should develop in directions more relevant to the pathophysiology of the pancreas, for example, issues related to trypsin, non-oxidative alcohol metabolites, and pancreatic cancer. Indeed, in addition to their roles in chronic pancreatitis, it has been increasingly recognized that PSCs contribute to the progression of pancreatic cancer. Very recently, contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to PSCs was reported. Further elucidation of the roles of PSCs in pancreatic fibrosis should promote development of rational approaches for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Masamune A, Shimosegawa T. Signal transduction in pancreatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:249-60. [PMID: 19271115 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is a characteristic feature of chronic pancreatitis and of desmoplastic reaction associated with pancreatic cancer. For over a decade, there has been accumulating evidence that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis in these pathological settings. In response to pancreatic injury or inflammation, quiescent PSCs undergo morphological and functional changes to become myofibroblast-like cells, which express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Activated PSCs actively proliferate, migrate, produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as type I collagen, and express cytokines and chemokines. In addition, PSCs might play roles in local immune functions and angiogenesis in the pancreas. Following the initiation of activation, if the inflammation and injury are sustained or repeated, PSCs activation is perpetuated, leading to the development of pancreatic fibrosis. From this point of view, pancreatic fibrosis can be defined as pathological changes of ECM composition in the pancreas both in quantity and quality, resulting from perpetuated activation of PSCs. Because the activation and cell functions in PSCs are regulated by the dynamic but coordinated activation of intracellular signaling pathways, identification of signaling molecules that play a crucial role in PSCs activation is important for the development of anti-fibrosis therapy. Recent studies have identified key mediators of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Signaling molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), Rho/Rho kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Sma- and Mad-related proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be candidates for the development of anti-fibrosis therapy targeting PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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