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Wang Y, Xia H, Yu J, Sui J, Pan D, Wang S, Liao W, Yang L, Sun G. Effects of green tea catechin on the blood pressure and lipids in overweight and obese population-a meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21228. [PMID: 38034724 PMCID: PMC10681946 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity as main health problems harm human beings worldwide. The number of people diagnosed with overweight and obese is gradually increasing. Green tea catechin has been reported to effectively help control body weight in overweight and obese population, and is protectively against the blood pressure and lipids in people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods We retrieved 4 English databases (PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Scoups) from inception to April 20, 2023. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility, assessed the reporting quality of included studies, and extracted the data. Data were extracted from eleven studies. The results were presented with the weighted mean differences (WMDs), and the confidence intervals (CIs) was 95 %. The random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied according to the heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. Results Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) inclusion studies were screened from 3072 literature articles, involving 613 overweight and obese patients. After combining all studies, it was found that in overweight and obese people green tea catechin could reduce waist circumference (WC) (pooled WMD = -1.37 cm, 95 % CI: -2.52 to -0.22 cm, p = 0.019), and triglyceride (TG) (pooled WMD = -0.18 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.35 to -0.02 mmol/L, p = 0.032), and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (pooled WMD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.031). Conclusion Green tea catechin supplement effectively reduced WC and TG levels and improved HDL-c levels. However, it did not show the significant effect on the blood pressure in overweight and obese people. The present meta-analysis showed a moderate benefit of green tea catechin supplementation on lipid profiles in overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Zhu X, Li A, Sun N, Han L, Yu Q. Green tea catechin prevents oxidative stress-regulated autophagy and apoptosis signaling, and inhibits tenderness in postmortem bovine longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100758. [PMID: 37780260 PMCID: PMC10534122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although green tea catechin has been reported to be an antioxidant and preservative in meat, the extent to which it affects the tenderization of bovine muscle remains largely unknown. This study seeks to evaluate the effect of catechin on the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy, and subsequently, the development of bovine muscle tenderness. The results indicate that catechin significantly alleviated oxidative stress. A concomitant reduction of autophagic markers LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin-1, and Atg7 levels were caused by catechin. Besides, aforementioned autophagy inhibition was further augmented by PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation. Additionally, catechin protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited mitochondria-dependent caspase apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, there was a reciprocal inhibition between autophagy and apoptosis. Ultimately, tenderness at 24 and 120 h, an increase in the gap between muscle fiber bundles, and disintegration of myofibrillar architectures were all inhibited by catechin. Therefore, despite alleviating oxidative stress, catechin may hamper tenderization pattern of postmortem bovine muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Aixia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
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Ramakrishnan P, Loh WM, Gopinath SC, Bonam SR, Fareez IM, Mac Guad R, Sim MS, Wu YS. Selective phytochemicals targeting pancreatic stellate cells as new anti-fibrotic agents for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:399-413. [PMID: 32140388 PMCID: PMC7049637 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puvanesswaray Ramakrishnan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wei Mee Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C.B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Ismail M. Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +60 3 51022709 (Yuan Seng Wu); +60 3 79675749 (Maw Shin Sim).
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Pervin M, Unno K, Nakagawa A, Takahashi Y, Iguchi K, Yamamoto H, Hoshino M, Hara A, Takagaki A, Nanjo F, Minami A, Imai S, Nakamura Y. Blood brain barrier permeability of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, its proliferation-enhancing activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and its preventive effect on age-related cognitive dysfunction in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:180-6. [PMID: 28956003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of green tea catechins (GTCs) suppresses age-related cognitive dysfunction in mice. GTCs are composed of several catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant, followed by epigallocatechin (EGC). Orally ingested EGCG is hydrolyzed by intestinal biota to EGC and gallic acid (GA). To understand the mechanism of action of GTCs on the brain, their permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) as well as their effects on cognitive function in mice and on nerve cell proliferation in vitro were examined. METHODS The BBB permeability of EGCG, EGC and GA was examined using a BBB model kit. SAMP10, a mouse model of brain senescence, was used to test cognitive function in vivo. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were used to test nerve cell proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS The in vitro BBB permeability (%, in 30 min) of EGCG, EGC and GA was 2.8±0.1, 3.4±0.3 and 6.5±0.6, respectively. The permeability of EGCG into the BBB indicates that EGCG reached the brain parenchyma even at a very low concentration. The learning ability of SAMP10 mice that ingested EGCG (20 mg/kg) was significantly higher than of mice that ingested EGC or GA. However, combined ingestion of EGC and GA showed a significant improvement comparable to EGCG. SH-SY5Y cell growth was significantly enhanced by 0.05 µM EGCG, but this effect was reduced at higher concentrations. The effect of EGC and GA was lower than that of EGCG at 0.05 µM. Co-administration of EGC and GA increased neurite length more than EGC or GA alone. CONCLUSION Cognitive dysfunction in mice is suppressed after ingesting GTCs when a low concentration of EGCG is incorporated into the brain parenchyma via the BBB. Nerve cell proliferation/differentiation was enhanced by a low concentration of EGCG. Furthermore, the additive effect of EGC and GA suggests that EGCG sustains a preventive effect after the hydrolysis to EGC and GA.
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Key Words
- (−)-epigallocatechin gallate
- 8-oxodG, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- Blood-brain barrier permeability
- Brain plasticity
- C, (+)-catechin
- Cognitive dysfunction
- EC, (−)-epicatechin
- EGC, (−)-epigallocatechin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate
- GA, gallic acid
- GTC, green tea catechin
- Green tea catechin
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MRM, multiple reaction-monitoring
- Nerve cell proliferation
- SAMP10, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10.
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Chowdhury A, Nandy SK, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Inhibition of pro-/active MMP-2 by green tea catechins and prediction of their interaction by molecular docking studies. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 427:111-22. [PMID: 28013477 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in developing different types of lung diseases, e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Green tea polyphenolic catechins such as EGCG and ECG have been shown to ameliorate various types of diseases including PAH. Our present study revealed that among the four green tea catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC, and EGC), EGCG and ECG inhibit pro-/active MMP-2 activities in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) culture supernatant. Based on the above, we investigated the interactions of pro-/active MMP-2 with the green tea catechins by computational methods. In silico analysis revealed a strong interaction of pro-/active MMP-2 with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for this interaction. The in silico analysis corroborated our experimental observation that EGCG and ECG are active in preventing both the proMMP-2 and MMP-2 activities. Importantly, these two catechins appeared to be better inhibitors for proMMP-2 in comparison to MMP-2 as revealed by gelatin zymogram and also by molecular docking studies. In many type of cells, activation of proMMP-2 occurs via an increase in the level of MT1-MMP (MMP-14). We, therefore, determined the interactions of MT1-MMP with the green tea catechins by molecular docking analysis. The study revealed a strong interaction of MT1-MMP with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for the interaction.
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Kim-Park WK, Allam ES, Palasuk J, Kowolik M, Park KK, Windsor LJ. Green tea catechin inhibits the activity and neutrophil release of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 6:343-346. [PMID: 27774417 PMCID: PMC5067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis; 綠茶 lǜ chá) extracts have been shown to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types. Green tea extract (GTX) has been shown to significantly inhibit the activity of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)) in vitro. MMPs, such as MMP-9, are known to be involved in many inflammatory diseases including periodontal disease. GTX and a major catechin, epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), were examined for their ability to inhibit purified MMP-9 activity and its release from stimulated neutrophils. Methanol extract of Green tea and commercially purchased EGCG (>95 % purity) were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit MMP-9 activity and/or its release from neutrophils using a β-casein cleavage assay and gelatin zymography, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test. GTX and EGCG at 0.1% (w/v) completely inhibited the activity of MMP-9. In addition, GTX and EGCG (0.1 %) significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the release of MMP-9 from formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-stimulated human neutrophils by 62.01% ± 6.717 and 79.63% ± 1.308, respectively. The inhibitory effects of GTX and EGCG occurred in unstimulated neutrophils (52.42% ± 3.443 and 62.33% ± 5.809, respectively). When the inhibitory effect of EGCG was further characterized, it significantly inhibited the release of MMP-9 from the FMLP-stimulated human neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of GTX and EGCG on MMPs could be extrapolated to clinical/in vivo studies for the development of oral care products to prevent or treat chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan K Kim-Park
- Department of Periodontology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eman S Allam
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jadesada Palasuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Michael Kowolik
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kichuel K Park
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Jack Windsor
- Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Shirakami Y, Shimizu M, Kubota M, Araki H, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H, Seishima M. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by targeting obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8939-8946. [PMID: 25083066 PMCID: PMC4112888 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This observation suggests that the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity can be effective targets for preventing the development of CRC in obese individuals. In recent years, many studies using obese and diabetic animal models have been conducted to investigate the chemoprevention of CRC using pharmaceutical or nutritional interventions. Pitavastatin, a medicine used to treat hyperlipidemia, prevents the development of obesity-related colorectal carcinogenesis by attenuating chronic inflammation. Anti-hypertensive medicines, such as captopril and telmisartan, also suppress the formation of colonic preneoplastic lesions in obese and diabetic mice. In addition, several phytochemicals, including green tea catechins, have been reported to improve metabolic disorders and prevent the development of various cancers, including CRC. Moreover, the administration of branched-chain amino acids, which improves protein malnutrition and prevents the progression of hepatic failure, is effective for suppressing obesity-related colon carcinogenesis, which is thought to be associated with improvements in insulin resistance. In the present article, we summarize the detailed relationship between metabolic abnormalities and the development of CRC. This review also outlines recent evidence, in particular drawing from basic and clinical examinations using either pharmaceutical or nutritional intervention that suggests that targeting metabolic alterations may be an effective strategy for preventing the development of CRC in obese individuals.
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Takahashi A, Watanabe T, Mondal A, Suzuki K, Kurusu-Kanno M, Li Z, Yamazaki T, Fujiki H, Suganuma M. Mechanism-based inhibition of cancer metastasis with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:1-6. [PMID: 24269590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility and cell stiffness are closely related to metastatic activity of cancer cells. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to inhibit spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cell line into the lungs of mice, so we studied the effects of EGCG on cell motility, cell stiffness, and expression of vimentin and Slug, which are molecular phenotypes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Treatments of human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines H1299 and Lu99 with 50 and 100 μM EGCG reduced cell motility to 67.5% and 43.7% in H1299, and 71.7% and 31.5% in Lu99, respectively in in vitro wound healing assay. Studies on cell stiffness using atomic force microscope (AFM) revealed that treatment with 50 μM EGCG increased Young's modulus of H1299 from 1.24 to 2.25 kPa and that of Lu99 from 1.29 to 2.28 kPa, showing a 2-fold increase in cell stiffness, i.e. rigid elasticity of cell membrane. Furthermore, treatment with 50 μM EGCG inhibited high expression of vimentin and Slug in the cells at a leading edge of scratch. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a reagent to deplete cholesterol in plasma membrane, showed inhibition of EMT phenotypes similar that by EGCG, suggesting that EGCG induces inhibition of EMT phenotypes by alteration of membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Green Tea Laboratory, Saitama Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Saitama 358-0042, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Watanabe
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Anupom Mondal
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Miki Kurusu-Kanno
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hirota Fujiki
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Masami Suganuma
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
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