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Hanaki S, Habara M, Sato Y, Tomiyasu H, Miki Y, Shibutani S, Shimada M. Dephosphorylation of NFAT by Calcineurin inhibits Skp2-mediated degradation. J Biochem 2024; 175:235-244. [PMID: 38030387 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFAT plays key roles in multiple biological activities, such as immune responses, tissue development and malignant transformation. NFAT is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which is activated by intracellular calcium levels, and translocated into the nucleus, resulting in transcriptional activation. Calcineurin dephosphorylates various target proteins and regulates their functions. However, the regulation of NFAT degradation is largely unknown, and it is unclear whether calcineurin contributes to the stability of NFAT. We investigated the effect of calcineurin inhibition on NFAT protein stability and found that the dephosphorylation of NFAT by calcineurin promotes the NFAT stabilization, whereas calcineurin mutant that is defective in phosphatase activity was unable to stabilize NFAT. Increased intracellular calcium ion concentration, which is essential for calcineurin activation, also induced NFAT stability. In addition, we identified S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2), an F-box protein of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex, as a factor mediating degradation of NFAT when calcineurin was depleted. In summary, these findings revealed that the dephosphorylation of NFAT by calcineurin protects NFAT from degradation by Skp2 and promotes its protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hanaki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Haruki Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yosei Miki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shusaku Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Wan X, Zhao S, Dai Y, Zhang J, Shen Y, Gong L, Le Q. WNT16b promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of human limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells via activating the calcium/calcineurin A/NFATC2 pathway. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13460. [PMID: 36974338 PMCID: PMC10542615 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous finding revealed that WNT16b promoted the proliferation of human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) through a β-catenin independent pathway. Here, we aimed to explore its underlying molecular mechanism and evaluate its potential in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Based on the findings of mRNA-sequencing, the expression of key molecules in WNT/calcineurin A/NFATC2 signalling pathway was investigated in WNT16b-co-incubated hLESCs and control hLESCs. An epithelial wound healing model was established on Wnt16b-KO mice to confirm the regulatory effect of WNT16b in vivo. The therapeutic potential of WNT16b-co-incubated hLESCs was also evaluated in mice with LSCD. Our findings showed that WNT16b bound with Frizzled7, promoted the release of Ca2+ and activated calcineurin A and NFATC2. With the translocation of NFATC2 into cell nucleus and the activation of HDAC3, WDR5 and GCN5L2, the expression of H3K4me3, H3K14ac and H3K27ac in the promoter regions of FoxM1 and c-MYC increased, which led to hLESC proliferation. The effect of the WNT16b/calcium/calcineurin A/NFATC2 pathway on LESC homeostasis maintenance and corneal epithelial repair was confirmed in Wnt16b-KO mice. Moreover, WNT16b-coincubated hLESCs could reconstruct a stable ocular surface and inhibit corneal neovascularization in mice with LSCD. In conclusion, WNT16b enhances the proliferation and maintains the stemness of hLESCs by activating the non-canonical calcium/calcineurin A/NFATC2 pathway in vitro and in vivo, and accelerates corneal epithelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wan
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
| | - Songjiao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
- Research CentreEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
- Research CentreEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of HealthEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of OphthalmologyEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
- Research CentreEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of HealthEye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudanChina
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Ren F, Zhu K, Wang Y, Zhou F, Pang S, Chen L. Proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of human lung cancer cells are associated with NFATc1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:49. [PMID: 36588811 PMCID: PMC9780516 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) is closely associated with the progression of numerous types of cancer. When NFATc1 expression becomes dysregulated in some types of cancer, this alteration can promote malignant transformation and thereby progression of cancer. NFATc1 expression has been demonstrated to be upregulated in lung cancer cells. This suggests that knockdown of NFATc1 in lung cancer cells may be a therapeutic marker for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, the effects of NFATc1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of NCI-H1299 and A549 lung cancer cell lines were explored. Lentivirus infection was used to establish a cell model of NFATc1 knockdown in A549 and NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was subsequently performed to detect NFATc1 expression in these human lung cancer cells. MTT, wound healing, colony formation and Transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry were then performed to measure the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle of the cells. Finally, western blot analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the involvement of NFATc1 in these processes. NFATc1 knockdown was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation, clone formation, migration and invasion of the cells. Furthermore, the cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase and the expression levels of the target proteins located downstream in the signaling pathway, namely CDK4, c-Myc, ERK, p38 and N-cadherin, were decreased. Following NFATc1 knockdown, the percentages of apoptotic cells were increased, and the expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and E-cadherin were also increased. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that NFATc1 serves an oncogenic role in lung cancer. In terms of the underlying mechanism, NFATc1 promoted the proliferation of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the MAPK and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling pathways, suggesting that NFATc1 may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghai Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Kaibin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Fucheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sainan Pang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lantao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Lantao Chen, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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4
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Latif MU, Schmidt GE, Mercan S, Rahman R, Gibhardt CS, Stejerean-Todoran I, Reutlinger K, Hessmann E, Singh SK, Moeed A, Rehman A, Butt UJ, Bohnenberger H, Stroebel P, Bremer SC, Neesse A, Bogeski I, Ellenrieder V. NFATc1 signaling drives chronic ER stress responses to promote NAFLD progression. Gut 2022; 71:2561-2573. [PMID: 35365570 PMCID: PMC9664107 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can persist in the stage of simple hepatic steatosis or progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) with an increased risk for cirrhosis and cancer. We examined the mechanisms controlling the progression to severe NASH in order to develop future treatment strategies for this disease. DESIGN NFATc1 activation and regulation was examined in livers from patients with NAFLD, cultured and primary hepatocytes and in transgenic mice with differential hepatocyte-specific expression of the transcription factor (Alb-cre, NFATc1c.a . and NFATc1Δ/Δ ). Animals were fed with high-fat western diet (WD) alone or in combination with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a candidate drug for NAFLD treatment. NFATc1-dependent ER stress-responses, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and disease progression were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS NFATc1 expression was weak in healthy livers but strongly induced in advanced NAFLD stages, where it correlates with liver enzyme values as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, high-fat WD increased NFATc1 expression, nuclear localisation and activation to promote NAFLD progression, whereas hepatocyte-specific depletion of the transcription factor can prevent mice from disease acceleration. Mechanistically, NFATc1 drives liver cell damage and inflammation through ER stress sensing and activation of the PERK-CHOP unfolded protein response (UPR). Finally, NFATc1-induced disease progression towards NASH can be blocked by TUDCA administration. CONCLUSION NFATc1 stimulates NAFLD progression through chronic ER stress sensing and subsequent activation of terminal UPR signalling in hepatocytes. Interfering with ER stress-responses, for example, by TUDCA, protects fatty livers from progression towards manifest NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Latif
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Geske Elisabeth Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Sercan Mercan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Raza Rahman
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Silvia Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Ioana Stejerean-Todoran
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Kristina Reutlinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Abdul Moeed
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Umer Javed Butt
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Stroebel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Christopher Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
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Chen L, Song M, Yao C. Calcineurin in development and disease. Genes Dis 2022; 9:915-927. [PMID: 35685477 PMCID: PMC9170610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a unique calcium (Ca2+) and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase that becomes activated in the presence of increased intracellular Ca2+ level. CaN then functions to dephosphorylate target substrates including various transcription factors, receptors, and channels. Once activated, the CaN signaling pathway participates in the development of multiple organs as well as the onset and progression of various diseases via regulation of different cellular processes. Here, we review current literature regarding the structural and functional properties of CaN, highlighting its crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of immune system disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, kidney disease, cardiomyopathy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Decoding the Phosphatase Code: Regulation of Cell Proliferation by Calcineurin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031122. [PMID: 35163061 PMCID: PMC8835043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, integrates the alterations in intracellular calcium levels into downstream signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation states of several targets. Intracellular Ca2+ is essential for normal cellular physiology and cell cycle progression at certain critical stages of the cell cycle. Recently, it was reported that calcineurin is activated in a variety of cancers. Given that abnormalities in calcineurin signaling can lead to malignant growth and cancer, the calcineurin signaling pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment. For example, NFAT, a typical substrate of calcineurin, activates the genes that promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and estrogen receptors are dephosphorylated and stabilized by calcineurin, leading to cell proliferation. In this review, we focus on the cell proliferative functions and regulatory mechanisms of calcineurin and summarize the various substrates of calcineurin. We also describe recent advances regarding dysregulation of the calcineurin activity in cancer cells. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the potential role of calcineurin in cancer development.
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7
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Ma J, Du R, Huang Y, Zhong W, Gui H, Mao C, Song X, Lu J. Expression, Prognosis and Gene Regulation Network of NFAT Transcription Factors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:529240. [PMID: 34257525 PMCID: PMC8262184 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.529240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family is implicated in tumorigenesis and progression in various types of cancer. However, little is known about their expression patterns, distinct prognostic values, and potential regulatory networks in NSCLC. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the distinct expression and prognostic value of NFATs in NSCLC through various large databases, including the Oncomine, UCSC Xena Browser, UALCAN databases, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and Enrichr. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), NFAT1/2/4/5 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased and NFAT3 mRNA expression level was significantly increased. The cBioPortal database analysis showed that the mRNA dysregulation was one of the single most important factors for NFAT alteration in LUAD and LUSC and that both LUAD and LUSC cases with the alterations in the mRNA expression of NFATs had significantly better overall survival (OS). High expression levels of NFAT1/2/4/5 were significantly associated with better OS in LUAD, whereas high NFAT3 expression led to a worse OS. Overexpression of NFAT1/2 predicted better OS in LUSC, whereas high NFAT5 expression led to a worse OS. The networks for NFATs and the 50 most frequently altered neighbor genes in LUAD and LUSC were also constructed. NFATs and genes significantly associated with NFAT mRNA expression in LUAD and LUSC were significantly enriched in the cGMP-dependent protein kinase and Wnt signaling pathways. These results showed that the NFAT family members displayed varying degrees of abnormal expressions, suggesting that NFATs may be therapeutic targets for patients with NSCLC. Aberrant expression of NFATs was found to be associated with OS in the patients with NSCLC; among NFATs, NFAT3/4 may be new biomarkers for the prognosis of LUAD. However, further studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiudao Song
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Haematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Cokan KB, Urlep Ž, Lorbek G, Matz-Soja M, Skubic C, Perše M, Jeruc J, Juvan P, Režen T, Rozman D. Chronic Disruption of the Late Cholesterol Synthesis Leads to Female-Prevalent Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113302. [PMID: 33182326 PMCID: PMC7695248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma is a disease with a variety of molecular triggers and is usually reported to prevail in males. However, after the menopause, the disease is also increasing in the female population. Herein, we discovered that chronic depletion of cholesterol synthesis due to the knock-out of the gene Cyp51 from this pathway leads to female prevalent hepatocarcinogenesis in aging mice. There is a high similarity between our mouse model and the situation in humans. Multiple deregulated pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis are shared. A female-dependent metabolic reprogramming leading to this type of liver cancer is exposed for the first time and reflects on deregulated cholesterol synthesis as the metabolic trigger. These data are of crucial importance. Despite the higher overall prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in males, we need tools and biomarkers to further stratify patients and offer better diagnosis and treatment options to both sexes. Abstract While the role of cholesterol in liver carcinogenesis remains controversial, hepatocellular carcinoma generally prevails in males. Herein, we uncover pathways of female-prevalent progression to hepatocellular carcinoma due to chronic repression of cholesterogenic lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) in hepatocytes. Tumors develop in knock-out mice after year one, with 2:1 prevalence in females. Metabolic and transcription factor networks were deduced from the liver transcriptome data, combined by sterol metabolite and blood parameter analyses, and interpreted with relevance to humans. Female knock-outs show increased plasma cholesterol and HDL, dampened lipid-related transcription factors FXR, LXRα:RXRα, and importantly, crosstalk between reduced LXRα and activated TGF-β signalling, indicating a higher susceptibility to HCC in aging females. PI3K/Akt signalling and ECM-receptor interaction are common pathways that are disturbed by sex-specific altered genes. Additionally, transcription factors (SOX9)2 and PPARα were recognized as important for female hepatocarcinogenesis, while overexpressed Cd36, a target of nuclear receptor RORC, is a new male-related regulator of ECM-receptor signalling in hepatocarcinogenesis. In conclusion, we uncover the sex-dependent metabolic reprogramming of cholesterol-related pathways that predispose for hepatocarcinogenesis in aging females. This is important in light of increased incidence of liver cancers in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Žiga Urlep
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Gregor Lorbek
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Rudol-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, Divison of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Cene Skubic
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jera Jeruc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Peter Juvan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.B.C.); (Ž.U.); (G.L.); (C.S.); (P.J.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7591
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9
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Cui Z, Shi R, Hou J, Liu Z, Yang L, Wang L, Li Y. NFAT2 overexpression suppresses the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma through inducing Egr2 expression. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:966. [PMID: 33023539 PMCID: PMC7542386 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of NFAT2 expression on cell fate of HepG2 cell and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Firstly, the pcDNA3.1-NFAT2 plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells to construct NFAT2 overexpressed HepG2 cells. Then, the chemical count kit-8 cell viability assay, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, EdU labeling proliferation detection, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed. The expression of Egr2 and FasL, and the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, after ionomycin and PMA co-stimulation, was detected, while the Ca2+ mobilization stimulated by K+ solution was determined. At last, the mRNA and protein expression of NFAT2, Egr2, FasL, COX-2 and c-myc in carcinoma and adjacent tissues was investigated. RESULTS The NFAT2 overexpression suppressed the cell viability, invasion and migration capabilities, and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. NFAT2 overexpression induced the expression of Egr2 and FasL and suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. The sensitivity and Ca2+ mobilization of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by NFAT2 overexpression. Compared with adjacent tissues, the carcinoma tissues expressed less NFAT2, Egr2, FasL and more COX-2 and c-myc. CONCLUSION The current study firstly suggested that NFAT2 suppressed the aggression and malignancy of HepG2 cells through inducing the expression of Egr2. The absence of NFAT2 and Egr2 in carcinoma tissues reminded us that NFAT2 may be a promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Transplantation Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Zilin Cui
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Rui Shi
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Jiancun Hou
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Zirong Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Long Yang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Lianjiang Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
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10
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Ling Q, Huang H, Han Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen K, Wu L, Tang R, Zheng Z, Zheng S, Li L, Wang B. The tacrolimus-induced glucose homeostasis imbalance in terms of the liver: From bench to bedside. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:701-713. [PMID: 31654553 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC), the mainstay of maintenance immunosuppressive agents, plays a crucial role in new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT). Previous studies investigating the diabetogenic effects of TAC have focused on the β cells of islets. In this study, we found that TAC contributed to NODAT through directly affecting hepatic metabolic homeostasis. In mice, TAC-induced hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia during starvation via suppressing gluconeogenetic genes, suggesting the limitation of fasting blood glucose in the diagnosis of NODAT. In addition, TAC caused hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride accumulation through insulin receptor substrate (IRS)2/AKT and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1) signaling, respectively. Furthermore, we found a pivotal role of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) in TAC-induced metabolic disorders. The restoration of hepatic CRTC2 alleviated the metabolic disorders through its downstream molecules (eg, PCK1, IRS2, and SREBP1). Consistent with the findings from bench, low CRTC2 expression in graft hepatocytes was an independent risk factor for NODAT (odds ratio = 2.692, P = .023, n = 135). Integrating grafts' CRTC2 score into the clinical model could significantly increase the predictive capacity (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.71 vs 0.79, P = .048). Taken together, in addition to its impact on pancreatic cells, TAC induces "hematogenous diabetes" via CRTC2 signaling. Liver-targeted management may be of help to prevent or heal TAC-associated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiu Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenzhi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Zhang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Chen
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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He W, Lu J. MiR-338 regulates NFATc1 expression and inhibits the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1091. [PMID: 31823518 PMCID: PMC7005663 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) expression is closely associated with progression of many cancers. And we found that miR-338 could directly target the NFATc1. However, the precise mechanisms of miR-338 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been well clarified. Our study aimed to explore the interaction between NFATc1 and miR-338 in NSCLC. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to determine the expressions of NFATc1 and miR-338 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. And the cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed to determine the functional roles of miR-338 and NFATc1 in NSCLC cells. NFATc1 expression was detected using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate NFATc1 as a target of miR-338 in NSCLC cells. RESULTS In this study, our results showed that NFATc1 expression was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and the miR-338 level was dramatically down-regulated. Moreover high NFATc1 expression was closely associated with low miR-338 level in NSCLC tissues. Moreover introduction of miR-338 significantly inhibited proliferation and EMT of NSCLC cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the NFATc1 was a potential target gene of miR-338. We demonstrated that miR-338 could directly target NFATc1 by using luciferase reporter assay. Besides, knockdown of NFATc1 had the similar effects with miR-338 overexpression on NSCLC cells. Up-regulation of NFATc1 in NSCLC cells partially abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-338 mimic. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-338 inhibited cell proliferation and EMT of NSCLC cells by directly down-regulating NFATc1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Second Thoracic Surgery Ward, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Lu
- First Thoracic Surgery Ward, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xin B, Ji KQ, Liu YS, Zhao XD. Higher expression of calcineurin predicts poor prognosis in unique subtype of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:75. [PMID: 31399054 PMCID: PMC6688357 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in ovarian cancer has been unknown. NFAT was significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and that overexpression of NFAT was significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis on clinical tissue level. To investigate whether NFAT upstream protein, calcineurin (CN), affects the prognosis in various histological subtype of ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS The association between CN and clinical features was analyzed in 50 OC patients treated from 2007 to 2012. CN expression was examined using immunohistochemistry. We observed the association of CN expression with the prognosis in these patients. RESULTS CN expression was significantly increased in later-stage tumor tissue of serous carcinoma compared with those with early-stage. The expression of CN positively correlated with the serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma and the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. Particularly, higher CN expression in tumor tissues significantly correlated with reduced overall survival among patients with serous carcinoma. In addition, the serum cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance were identified as significant prognostic factors in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma, serous carcinoma, or papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS CN is upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues with later-stage and that the expression of CN, CA72-4, and CEA was remarkably associated with poor prognosis in unique subtype of ovarian cancer. CN levels may be investigated for use as a prognostic biomarker for risk assessment in unique subtype of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xin
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Kai-Qiang Ji
- Department of ICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yi-Si Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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13
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Gao L, Dong J, Zhang N, Le Z, Ren W, Li S, Li F, Song J, Wang Q, Dou Z, Park SY, Zhi K. Cyclosporine A Suppresses the Malignant Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:248-255. [PMID: 30378503 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181029170605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:The Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancer types. Failure of treatment of OSCC is potentially lethal because of local recurrence, regional lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Chemotherapy plays a vital role through suppression of tumorigenesis. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug, has been efficiently used in allograft organ transplant recipients to prevent rejection, and also has been used in a subset of patients with autoimmunity related disorders. The present study aims to investigate novel and effective chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome drug-resistance in the treatment of OSCC.Methods:Cells were incubated in the standard way. Cell viability was assayed using the MTT assay. Cell proliferation was determined using colony formation assay. The cell cycle assay was performed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting after stained by the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound healing assay and tranwell. The effect of COX-2, c-Myc, MMP-9, MMP-2, and NFATc1 protein expression was determined using Western blot analysis while NFATc1 mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR.Results:In vitro studies indicated that CsA inhibited partial OSCC growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. We also demonstrated that CsA could inhibit the expression of NFATc1 and its downstream genes COX-2, c-Myc, MMP-9, and MMP-2 in OSCC cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of NFATc1 in head and neck cancer through the Oncomine database. The data was consistent with the experimental findings.Conclusion:The present study initially demonstrated that CsA could inhibit the progression of OSCC cells and can mediate the signal molecules of NFATc1 signaling pathway, which has strong relationship with cancer development. That explains us CsA has potential to explore the possibilities as a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shanxi, China
| | - Nanyang Zhang
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanxian Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Li
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qibo Wang
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhichao Dou
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Soo Y. Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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14
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Iyer RV, Maguire O, Kim M, Curtin LI, Sexton S, Fisher DT, Schihl SA, Fetterly G, Menne S, Minderman H. Dose-Dependent Sorafenib-Induced Immunosuppression Is Associated with Aberrant NFAT Activation and Expression of PD-1 in T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050681. [PMID: 31100868 PMCID: PMC6562672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only standard first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report the dose-dependent effects of sorafenib on the immune response, which is related to nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with low and high doses of sorafenib using human T cells and spontaneous developed woodchuck HCC models. In vitro studies demonstrated that following exposure to a high dose of sorafenib the baseline activity of NFAT1 in T cells was significantly increased. In a parallel event, high dose sorafenib resulted in a significant decrease in T cell proliferation and increased the proportion of PD-1 expressing CD8+ T cells with NFAT1 activation. In the in vivo model, smaller tumors were detected in the low-dose sorafenib treated group compared to the placebo and high-dose treated groups. The low-dose sorafenib group showed a significant tumor growth delay with significantly more CD3+ cells in tumor. This study demonstrates that sorafenib has immunomodulatory effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Higher dose of sorafenib treatment was associated with immunosuppressive action. This observed effect of sorafenib should be taken into consideration in the selection of optimum starting dose for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka V Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Leslie I Curtin
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Daniel T Fisher
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sarah A Schihl
- Bioanalytics, Metabolomics, and Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gerald Fetterly
- Bioanalytics, Metabolomics, and Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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15
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Hamdan FH, Johnsen SA. Perturbing Enhancer Activity in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050634. [PMID: 31067678 PMCID: PMC6563029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of gene transcription is essential for normal development, tissue homeostasis, and disease-free survival. Enhancers are distal regulatory elements in the genome that provide specificity to gene expression programs and are frequently misregulated in cancer. Recent studies examined various enhancer-driven malignant dependencies and identified different approaches to specifically target these programs. In this review, we describe numerous features that make enhancers good transcriptional targets in cancer therapy and discuss different approaches to overcome enhancer perturbation. Interestingly, a number of approved therapeutic agents, such as cyclosporine, steroid hormones, and thiazolidinediones, actually function by affecting enhancer landscapes by directly targeting very specific transcription factor programs. More recently, a broader approach to targeting deregulated enhancer programs has been achieved via Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) inhibition or perturbation of transcription-related cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). One challenge to enhancer-targeted therapy is proper patient stratification. We suggest that monitoring of enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression may serve as a unique biomarker of enhancer activity that can help to predict and monitor responsiveness to enhancer-targeted therapies. A more thorough investigation of cancer-specific enhancers and the underlying mechanisms of deregulation will pave the road for an effective utilization of enhancer modulators in a precision oncology approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feda H Hamdan
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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16
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Flores C, Fouquet G, Moura IC, Maciel TT, Hermine O. Lessons to Learn From Low-Dose Cyclosporin-A: A New Approach for Unexpected Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2019; 10:588. [PMID: 30984176 PMCID: PMC6447662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin-A has been known and used for a long time, since its "fast track" approval in the early 80's. This molecule has rapidly demonstrated unexpected immunosuppressive properties, transforming the history of organ transplantation. Cyclosporin's key effect relies on modulation on T-lymphocyte activity, which explains its role in the prevention of graft rejection. However, whether cyclosporin-A exerts other effects on immune system remains to be determined. Until recently, cyclosporin-A was mainly used at a high-dose, but given the drug toxicity and despite the fear of losing its immunosuppressive effects, there is nowadays a tendency to decrease its dose. The literature has been reporting data revealing a paradoxical effect of low dosage of cyclosporin-A. These low-doses appear to have immunomodulatory properties, with different effects from high-doses on CD8+ T lymphocyte activation, auto-immune diseases, graft-vs.-host disease and cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of cyclosporin-A, not only as a consecrated immunosuppressive agent, but also as an immunomodulatory drug when administrated at low-dose. The use of low-dose cyclosporin-A may become a new therapeutic strategy, particularly to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Flores
- INSERM UMR1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Fouquet
- INSERM UMR1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Cruz Moura
- INSERM UMR1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thiago Trovati Maciel
- INSERM UMR1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR1163 and CNRS URL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Necker Children's Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
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17
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Tan Z, Zhang X, Kang T, Zhang L, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide amplifies JQ1 toxicity via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3913-3927. [PMID: 30532520 PMCID: PMC6241694 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gastric and colon cancers have been the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world with limited therapy. Small molecules binding to bromodomains of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) exert strong antitumor activities against hematological malignancies, while generally have limited efficacy in advanced solid tumors. Here, we found that the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET)-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, when combined with arsenic sulfide (As4S4, abbreviated as AS), synergistically decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) as well as the downstream oncogene c-Myc and largely induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cell lines. Methods The synergistic cytotoxicity of AS and JQ1 in gastric and colon cancer cells was determined by MTT assay and verified by FACS assay. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay were used to detect the expression of NFATs and downstream apoptotic proteins. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined by FACS assay, and the metastasis of cancer cells was detected by the wound-healing assay. Results AS and JQ1 synergistically induced cell apoptosis in gastric and colon cancer cells by downregulating NFATs and upregulating apoptotic proteins. Combination of AS and JQ1 was associated with the decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the cytochrome c release, and the subsequent caspase-3 activation. Conclusion Thus, our data indicate that AS can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity of BET inhibitors in gastric and colon cancer cells through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
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18
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Al-Attar R, Storey KB. Effects of anoxic exposure on the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factors in the stress-tolerant wood frog. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:420-430. [PMID: 30411386 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus (also known as Rana sylvatica), is used for studying natural freeze tolerance. These animals convert 65% to 70% of their total body water into extracellular ice and survive freezing for weeks in winter. Freezing interrupts oxygen delivery to organs; thus, wood frogs limit their ATP usage by depressing their metabolism and redirecting the available energy only to prosurvival processes. Here, we studied the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factor family in response to 24-hour anoxia, and 4-hour aerobic recovery in liver and skeletal muscle. Protein expression levels of NFATc1-c4, calcineurin A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (NFAT regulators), osteopontin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (targets of NFATc3 and NFATc4, respectively) were measured by immunoblotting, and the DNA-binding activities of NFATc1-c4 were measured by DNA-protein interaction ELISAs. Results show that NFATc4, calcineurin, and ANP protein expression as well as NFATc4 DNA binding increased during anoxia in liver where calcineurin and ANP protein levels and NFATc4 DNA binding remaining high after aerobic recovery. Anoxia caused a significant increase in NFATc3 protein expression but not DNA-binding activity in muscle. Our results show that anoxia can increase NFATc4 transcriptional activity in liver, leading to the increase in expression of cytoprotective genes in the wood frog. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating survival under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions in a naturally stress-tolerant model, such as the wood frog, provides insightful information on the prosurvival regulatory mechanisms involved in combating stress. This information will also further our understanding of metabolic rate depression and answer the question of how frogs tolerate prolonged periods of oxygen deprivation and resume to full function upon recovery without facing any detrimental side effects as other animals would.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Attar
- Institude of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institude of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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19
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Giordano DM, Pinto C, Maroni L, Benedetti A, Marzioni M. Inflammation and the Gut-Liver Axis in the Pathophysiology of Cholangiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3003. [PMID: 30275402 PMCID: PMC6213589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, represent the unique target of a group of progressive diseases known as cholangiopathies whose pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In normal conditions, cholangiocytes are quiescent and participate to the final bile volume and composition. Following exogenous or endogenous stimuli, cholangiocytes undergo extensive modifications of their phenotype. Reactive cholangiocytes actively proliferate and release a set of proinflammatory molecules, which act in autocrine/paracrine manner mediating the cross-talk with other liver cell types and innate and adaptive immune cells. Cholangiocytes themselves activate innate immune responses against gut-derived microorganisms or bacterial products that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the development and progression of the two most common cholangiopathies, i.e., primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), which have distinctive microbiota composition compared to healthy individuals. The impairment of intestinal barrier functions or gut dysbiosis expose cholangiocytes to an increasing amount of microorganisms and may exacerbate inflammatory responses thus leading to fibrotic remodeling of the organ. The present review focuses on the complex interactions between the activation of innate immune responses in reactive cholangiocytes, dysbiosis, and gut permeability to bacterial products in the pathogenesis of PSC and PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Maria Giordano
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luca Maroni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Benedetti
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
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Xu S, Shu P, Zou S, Shen X, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Sun K, Zhang J. NFATc1 is a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma and induces tumor cell apoptosis by activating the FasL-mediated extrinsic signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4701-4717. [PMID: 30085405 PMCID: PMC6143940 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors that have important functions in many tumors. However, the expression level and functional role of NFAT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we showed that NFATc1 expression was decreased in both HCC tissues and cell lines. Low expression of NFATc1 was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, high serum AFP level, and liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, patients with low NFATc1 expression exhibited poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of NFATc1 in HCC cells inhibited proliferation and colony formation, leading to G1 arrest and induction of apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that NFATc1 increased Fas ligand (FasL) expression by directly binding to its promoter and activated the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. NFATc1 and FasL expression patterns and their prognostic value for patients with HCC were also evaluated in TCGA Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma database. Knock‐down of FasL expression by siRNA in HCC cell lines abolished NFATc1's antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects. In conclusion, NFATc1 is frequently inactivated in HCC and functions as a tumor suppressor in liver carcinogenesis. Ectopic expression of NFATc1 in HCC cells induces apoptosis by activating the FasL‐mediated extrinsic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Penghao Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang, China
| | - Song Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanqian Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Dechassa ML, Tryndyak V, de Conti A, Xiao W, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Identification of chromatin-accessible domains in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:978-987. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen L. Dechassa
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Volodymyr Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Aline de Conti
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Frederick A. Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research; U.S. Food Drug Administration; Jefferson Arkansas
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Sato K, Meng F, Giang T, Glaser S, Alpini G. Mechanisms of cholangiocyte responses to injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1262-1269. [PMID: 28648950 PMCID: PMC5742086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, epithelial cells that line the biliary epithelium, are the primary target cells for cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. Quiescent cholangiocytes respond to biliary damage and acquire an activated neuroendocrine phenotype to maintain the homeostasis of the liver. The typical response of cholangiocytes is proliferation leading to bile duct hyperplasia, which is a characteristic of cholestatic liver diseases. Current studies have identified various signaling pathways that are associated with cholangiocyte proliferation/loss and liver fibrosis in cholangiopathies using human samples and rodent models. Although recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles and microRNAs could be mediators that regulate these messenger/receptor axes, further studies are required to confirm their roles. This review summarizes current studies of biliary response and cholangiocyte proliferation during cholestatic liver injury with particular emphasis on the secretin/secretin receptor axis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Diseaseedited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Academic Research Integration, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Thao Giang
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States.
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Liu J, Jin P, Lin X, Zhou Q, Wang F, Liu S, Xi S. Arsenite increases Cyclin D1 expression through coordinated regulation of the Ca 2+/NFAT2 and NF-κB pathways via ERK/MAPK in a human uroepithelial cell line. Metallomics 2018. [PMID: 29528074 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the direct link between Cyclin D1, and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in arsenic-treated bladder cells, as well as the association between MAPK and NFAT signaling, we determined whether or not the Ca2+/NFAT pathway is activated in an arsenic-treated normal urothelial cell line and determined the roles of NFAT and NF-κB signals in the regulation of Cyclin D1 expression. The SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cell line, SV-HUC-1, was treated with NaAsO2 for 24 h (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 μM) and 10, 20, 30, and 40 weeks (0 and 0.5 μM). We found that arsenite increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels and induced NFAT2 nuclear translocation after treatment for 24 h. The level of NFAT2 mRNA and expression of total protein and nuclear protein were increased after long-term treatment with 0.5 μM arsenite for 30 and 40 weeks compared to the cells treated for 24 h. In addition, NF-κB p50 and p65 nuclear protein expression increased significantly in cells treated with 2-8 μM arsenite for 24 h, which was consistent with NFAT2 nuclear expression. Furthermore, an ERK inhibitor (U0126) significantly reduced the expression of NFAT2 nuclear protein, and an ERK and JNK inhibitor decreased the levels of p65 and p50 nuclear protein. Cyclin D1 is known as a proto-oncogene and the level of this protein was increased in SV-HUC-1 cells treated with arsenite for 24 h and long-term. An NFAT inhibitor (CsA) and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) all markedly reduced Cyclin D1 protein expression. Treatment with U0126 also significantly decreased Cyclin D1 protein expression while JNK and p38 inhibitors did not attenuate the arsenite-associated increase in Cyclin D1 protein expression. The results suggest that regulation of Cyclin D1 protein expression by arsenite in SV-HUC-1 cells is dependent on ERK/NFAT2 and ERK/NF-κB, but is not dependent on JNK or p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, P. R. China.
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Pallet N, Fernández-Ramos AA, Loriot MA. Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Metabolism of T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:169-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang X, Kang T, Zhang L, Tong Y, Ding W, Chen S. NFATc3 mediates the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to arsenic sulfide. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52735-52745. [PMID: 28881766 PMCID: PMC5581065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide (As4S4) is the main component of Realgar which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previously we showed that As4S4 inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells through regulating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. Here we explore the role of NFAT in gastric cancer. We showed that As4S4 inhibited the expression of NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4, and modulated the expression of NFATc2 accompanying with p53. The baseline expression of NFATc3 varied distinctly in gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MGC803, MKN28, MKN45, and SGC7901) and the sensitivity of these cells to As4S4 was dissimilar, with AGS and MGC803 cells showing higher sensitivity while the SGC7901 cells relatively resistant. Interestingly, the sensitivity to As4S4 was correlated with the level of expression of NFATc3, and the cells relatively sensitivity just showing higher expression of NFATc3. Furthermore, NFATc3 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Our data also showed that, NFATc3 promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by regulating c-Myc. In conclusion, As4S4 inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through NFATc3/c-Myc pathway and the diverse sensitivity among different cell lines correlated with the expression level of NFATc3 indicating that NFATc3 may be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Akirin2 regulates proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells via ERK1/2 and NFATc1 signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45156. [PMID: 28327665 PMCID: PMC5361102 DOI: 10.1038/srep45156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Akirin2, a novel nuclear factor, plays an important role in myogenesis. To investigate the role of Akirin2 in proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, Akirin2 overexpression and Akirin2 silence technologies were employed. Our results showed that overexpression of Akirin2 markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells, whereas silencing of Akirin2 got the opposite results. Furthermore, our results showed that Akirin2 affected proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells through extracellular-signal regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and NFATc1 signaling pathways. These results indicate that Akirin2 can effectively promote skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation, acting through ERK1/2- and NFATc1-dependent mechanisms.
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Kawahara T, Inoue S, Fujita K, Mizushima T, Ide H, Yamaguchi S, Fushimi H, Nonomura N, Miyamoto H. NFATc1 Expression as a Prognosticator in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:318-323. [PMID: 28327458 PMCID: PMC5358926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that NFATc1, a member of the NFAT family and a key regulator of the immune response, could induce bladder carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we immunohistochemically stained for NFATc1 in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) specimens and paired nonneoplastic urothelial tissues. NFATc1 was positive in 51 [52%; 40 (40%) weak (1+), 9 (9%) moderate (2+), and 2 (2%) strong (3+)] of 99 UUTUCs, which was significantly higher than in benign urothelium [30 (36%) of 83; 28 (34%) weak and 2 (2%) moderate] (0 vs 1+/2+/3+, P=.038; 0/1+ vs 2+/3+, P=.023). There were no significant associations between NFATc1 expression pattern and tumor grade or pT stage. However, the positive rates of NFATc1 expression tended to be higher in renal pelvic tumors (60%) than in ureteral tumors (42%; P=.080) as well as in pN+ tumors (75%) than in pN0 tumors (49%; P=.089). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests revealed that moderate (2+) to strong (3+) NFATc1 expression correlated with lower progression-free survival (P=.032) and cancer-specific survival (P=.005) rates in the 99 cases. Patients with high (2+/3+) NFATc1 muscle-invasive tumor (n=9) also had a significantly higher risk of cancer-specific mortality (P=.021) compared to those with low (0/1+) NFATc1 muscle-invasive tumor (n=53). Thus, compared with nonneoplastic urothelium, a significant increase in the expression of NFATc1 in UUTUC was seen, implying the involvement of NFATc1 signals in the development of UUTUC. The current results further suggest that NFATc1 overexpression serves as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with UUTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fushimi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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The effect of immunosuppressive molecules on T-cell metabolic reprogramming. Biochimie 2016; 127:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fibroblast growth factor 23 directly targets hepatocytes to promote inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:985-996. [PMID: 27457912 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop increased levels of the phosphate-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, that are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Increases in inflammatory markers are another common feature that predicts poor clinical outcomes. Elevated FGF23 is associated with higher circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines in CKD, which can stimulate osteocyte production of FGF23. Here, we studied whether FGF23 can directly stimulate hepatic production of inflammatory cytokines in the absence of α-klotho, an FGF23 coreceptor in the kidney that is not expressed by hepatocytes. By activating FGF receptor isoform 4 (FGFR4), FGF23 stimulated calcineurin signaling in cultured hepatocytes, which increased the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including C-reactive protein. Elevating serum FGF23 levels increased hepatic and circulating levels of C-reactive protein in wild-type mice, but not in FGFR4 knockout mice. Administration of an isoform-specific FGFR4 blocking antibody reduced hepatic and circulating levels of C-reactive protein in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD. Thus, FGF23 can directly stimulate hepatic secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate a novel mechanism of chronic inflammation in patients with CKD and suggest that FGFR4 blockade might have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in CKD.
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Niitsu H, Hinoi T, Sentani K, Mukai S, Adachi T, Saito Y, Miguchi M, Kochi M, Sada H, Oue N, Yasui W, Ohdan H. Increased Calcineurin A Expression Is Associated with a Lower Relapse-Free Survival Rate after Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Pathobiology 2016; 83:308-15. [PMID: 27322036 DOI: 10.1159/000445121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased expression of calcineurin in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported. Although the oncogenic function has been suggested, the clinical relevance is still unclear. We herein studied calcineurin expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients receiving curative surgery for stages I-III CRC. METHODS In 121 patients with stages I-III CRC treated at Hiroshima University between 1997 and 2003, calcineurin A expression was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of surgical specimens. Specimens were considered positive for calcineurin A if any IHC-stained cells were observed within the carcinomatous area, and clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between IHC-positive and -negative groups. RESULTS Calcineurin A was preferentially expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, and a median of 8% of the cells (range: 0-80%; interquartile range: 0-22.5%) were stained within the carcinomatous areas. Of 121 cases, 81 were determined as IHC positive while 40 were determined to be negative. Positive expression of calcineurin A, as well UICC-TNM stage, was associated with low relapse-free survival (RFS) rates in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.27-7.92; p = 0.010). CONCLUSION Increased calcineurin A expression is associated with lower RFS rates and may have clinical value in predicting recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Niitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Li L, Yu J, Duan Z, Dang HX. The effect of NFATc1 on vascular generation and the possible underlying mechanism in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1457-66. [PMID: 26820075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) on the growth and vascular generation of human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cell-transplanted tumors in nude mice and explored the possible underlying mechanism. NFATc1 siRNA was transfected into the SKOV3 cells, which were then subjected to immunofluorescence tests and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the transfection-induced inhibition rate. The tumor volumes in the nude mice in all groups were measured to determine the in vivo antitumor effect of NFATc1 siRNA. Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were employed to detect NFATc1 expression in tumor tissue, combined with cytokeratin (CK) staining to label the epithelial origin of the tumor tissue. CD34 and podoplanin were used as markers for labeling microvessels and microlymphatic vessels, respectively. The densities of microvessels and microlymphatic vessels in each group were calculated and statistically analyzed. RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of NFATc1, the ELR+ CXC chemokine interleukin (IL)-8, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB) in xenografted tumor tissue in all groups. NFATc1 was highly expressed in tumor tissue in the control groups. The intervention group exhibited a tumor growth inhibition rate of 57.08% and presented a lower tumor weight and volume compared with the two control groups. In the control groups, the microvessel densities were 12.00 ± 1.65 and 11.47 ± 0.32, respectively, and the microlymphatic vessel densities were 10.03 ± 0.96 and 9.95 ± 1.12; these values were significantly higher than in the intervention group. RT-PCR and western blot shows that NFATc1 siRNA could markedly suppress the expression of IL-8, FGF-2 and PDGF BB at the mRNA and the protein level. In conclusion, it was shown that NFATc1 siRNA significantly suppresses the growth and vascular generation of SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma cell-transplanted tumors subcutaneously xenografted into nude mice. The downregulation of the expression of IL-8, FGF-2 and PDGF BB may be one of the mechanisms underlying the above inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Yu
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoning Duan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Dang
- Department of PICU, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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NFATC1 promotes cell growth and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer up-regulating c-Myc through ERK1/2/p38 MAPK signal pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4493-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Liersch-Löhn B, Slavova N, Buhr HJ, Bennani-Baiti IM. Differential protein expression and oncogenic gene network link tyrosine kinase ephrin B4 receptor to aggressive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1220-31. [PMID: 26414866 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane tyrosine-kinase Ephrin receptors promote tumor progression and/or metastasis of several malignancies including leukemia, follicular lymphoma, glioma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, sarcomas and ovarian, breast, bladder and non-small cell lung cancers. They also drive intestinal stem cell proliferation and positioning, control intestinal tissue boundaries and are involved in liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, indicating involvement in additional digestive system malignancies. We investigated the role of Ephrin-B4 receptor (EPHB4), and its ligand EFNB2, in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers in patient cohorts through computational, mathematical, molecular and immunohistochemical analyses. We show that EPHB4 is upregulated in preneoplastic gastroesophageal lesions and its expression further increased in gastroesophageal cancers in several independent cohorts. The closely related EPHB6 receptor, which also binds EFNB2, was downregulated in all tested cohorts, consistent with its tumor-suppressive properties in other cancers. EFNB2 expression is induced in esophageal cells by acidity, suggesting that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may constitute an early triggering event in activating EFNB2-EPHB4 signaling. Association of EPHB4 to both Barrett's esophagus and to advanced tumor stages, and its overexpression at the tumor invasion front and vascular endothelial cells intimate the notion that EPHB4 may be associated with multiple steps of gastroesophageal tumorigenesis. Analysis of oncogenomic signatures uncovered the first EPHB4-associated gene network (false discovery rate: 7 × 10(-90) ) composed of a five-transcription factor interconnected gene network that drives proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness. The EPHB4 oncogenomic network provides a molecular basis for its role in tumor progression and points to EPHB4 as a potential tumor aggressiveness biomarker and drug target in gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Liersch-Löhn
- Department of Surgery, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadia Slavova
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz J Buhr
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,German Society for General and Visceral Surgery, Haus Der Bundespressekonferenz, Berlin, Germany
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Oh YS, Shin S, Li HY, Park EY, Lee SM, Choi CS, Lim Y, Jung HS, Jun HS. Betacellulin ameliorates hyperglycemia in obese diabetic db/db mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1235-45. [PMID: 26070436 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We found that administration of a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) expressing betacellulin (BTC) into obese diabetic db/db mice ameliorated hyperglycemia. Exogenous glucose clearance was significantly improved, and serum insulin levels were significantly higher in rAd-BTC-treated mice than rAd-β-gal-treated control mice. rAd-BTC treatment increased insulin/bromodeoxyuridine double-positive cells in the islets, and islets from rAd-BTC-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in the level of G1-S phase-related cyclins as compared with control mice. In addition, BTC treatment increased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of these cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in MIN-6 cells. BTC treatment induced intracellular Ca(2+) levels through phospholipase C-γ1 activation, and upregulated calcineurin B (CnB1) levels as well as calcineurin activity. Upregulation of CnB1 by BTC treatment was observed in isolated islet cells from db/db mice. When treated with CnB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MIN-6 cells and isolated islets, induction of cell cycle regulators by BTC treatment was blocked and consequently reduced BTC-induced cell viability. As well as BTC's effects on cell survival and insulin secretion, our findings demonstrate a novel pathway by which BTC controls beta-cell regeneration in the obese diabetic condition by regulating G1-S phase cell cycle expression through Ca(2+) signaling pathways. KEY MESSAGES Administration of BTC to db/db mice results in amelioration of hyperglycemia. BTC stimulates beta-cell proliferation in db/db mice. Ca(2+) signaling was involved in BTC-induced beta-cell proliferation. BTC has an anti-apoptotic effect and potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Hui Ying Li
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Song Mi Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Chonnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, Korea. .,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
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Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Ide H, Li Y, Zheng Y, Ishiguro H, Miyamoto H. The role of NFATc1 in prostate cancer progression: cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Prostate 2015; 75:573-84. [PMID: 25631176 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), a well-characterized regulator of the immune response, in prostate cancer progression remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate biological significance of NFATc1, a NFAT isoform shown to function as an oncogene in a sarcoma model, in human prostate cancer. METHODS We first determined the expression levels of NFAT in prostate cell lines and tissue specimens. We then assessed the effects of NFAT inhibition via NFATc1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as immunosuppressants including cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression levels of NFATc1 were significantly elevated in prostatic carcinomas, compared with non-neoplastic prostate or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues, and in high-grade (Gleason scores ≥7) tumors. NFATc1 positivity in carcinomas, as an independent prognosticator, also correlated with the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In prostate cancer cell lines, CsA and FK506 inhibited NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of c-myc, a downstream target of NFAT. NFAT silencing or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation and cell migration/invasion, as well as increases in apoptosis, in androgen receptor (AR)-negative, AR-positive/androgen-sensitive, and AR-positive/castration-resistant lines. No significant additional inhibition in the growth of NFAT-siRNA cells by CsA and FK506 was seen, whereas these agents, especially FK506, further inhibited their invasion. In xenograft-bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in prostate cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for not only hormone-naïve but also castration-resistant prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Ide H, Li Y, Zheng Y, Miyamoto Y, Netto GJ, Ishiguro H, Miyamoto H. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit bladder cancer growth through down-regulation of NFATc1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1582-93. [PMID: 25638160 PMCID: PMC4359316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), a key regulator of the immune response, in bladder cancer progression remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed biological significance of NFAT in human bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry detected nuclear/cytoplasmic NFATc1 signals in 14 (21.5%)/34 (52.3%), respectively, of 65 muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas and showed that patients with nuclear NFATc1-positive tumor had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (P = 0.006). In bladder cancer cell lines, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), immunosuppressant drugs/non-selective NFAT inhibitors, attenuated NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and c-myc, downstream targets of NFATc1. NFAT inhibition via NFATc1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation, cell migration/invasion, and the expression/activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as an increase in apoptosis, in the parental/control lines. No significant additional inhibition in the viability and invasion of NFATc1-siRNA cells was seen. In xenograft-bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth. These results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in bladder cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yurina Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - George J. Netto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kawahara T, Kashiwagi E, Li Y, Zheng Y, Miyamoto Y, Netto GJ, Ishiguro H, Miyamoto H. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit urothelial tumorigenesis. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:161-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
| | - Yurina Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
| | - George J. Netto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Hitoshi Ishiguro
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester New York
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Gozdecka M, Lyons S, Kondo S, Taylor J, Li Y, Walczynski J, Thiel G, Breitwieser W, Jones N. JNK suppresses tumor formation via a gene-expression program mediated by ATF2. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1361-74. [PMID: 25456131 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
JNK and p38 phosphorylate a diverse set of substrates and, consequently, can act in a context-dependent manner to either promote or inhibit tumor growth. Elucidating the functions of specific substrates of JNK and p38 is therefore critical for our understanding of these kinases in cancer. ATF2 is a phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor and substrate of both JNK and p38. Here, we show ATF2 suppresses tumor formation in an orthotopic model of liver cancer and cellular transformation in vitro. Furthermore, we find that suppression of tumorigenesis by JNK requires ATF2. We identify a transcriptional program activated by JNK via ATF2 and provide examples of JNK- and ATF2-dependent genes that block cellular transformation. Significantly, we also show that ATF2-dependent gene expression is frequently downregulated in human cancers, indicating that amelioration of JNK-ATF2-mediated suppression may be a common event during tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Gozdecka
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stephen Lyons
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Saki Kondo
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Janet Taylor
- Central Manchester NHS Trust and University of Manchester, the Nowgen Centre, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9WU, UK; Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Yaoyong Li
- Applied Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jacek Walczynski
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Breitwieser
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Nic Jones
- Department of Cell Regulation, CRUK Manchester Institute, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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Levin-Gromiko U, Koshelev V, Kushnir P, Fedida-Metula S, Voronov E, Fishman D. Amplified lipid rafts of malignant cells constitute a target for inhibition of aberrantly active NFAT and melanoma tumor growth by the aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2555-66. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Berchtold MW, Villalobo A. The many faces of calmodulin in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, autophagy, and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:398-435. [PMID: 24188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor protein mediating a large number of signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of cellular functions via interaction with multiple target proteins. This review focuses on the action of CaM and CaM-dependent signaling systems in the control of vertebrate cell proliferation, programmed cell death and autophagy. The significance of CaM and interconnected CaM-regulated systems for the physiology of cancer cells including tumor stem cells, and processes required for tumor progression such as growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and metastasis are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential targeting of CaM-dependent signaling processes for therapeutic use is discussed.
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Key Words
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid
- (4-[3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
- (−) enantiomer of dihydropyrine 3-methyl-5-3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)-propyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-piridine-3,5-dicarboxylate-hydrochloride (niguldipine)
- 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine
- 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- 2-chloro-(ε-amino-Lys(75))-[6-(4-(N,N′-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-4-yl]-CaM adduct
- 3′-(β-chloroethyl)-2′,4′-dioxo-3,5′-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxy-vinblastine
- 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- B859-35
- CAPP(1)-CaM
- Ca(2+) binding protein
- Calmodulin
- Cancer biology
- Cell proliferation
- DMBA
- EBB
- FL-CaM
- FPCE
- HBC
- HBCP
- J-8
- KAR-2
- KN-62
- KN-93
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-8-aminooctyl-5-iodo-naphthalenesulfonamide
- N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
- O-(4-ethoxyl-butyl)-berbamine
- RITC-CaM
- TA-CaM
- TFP
- TPA
- W-12
- W-13
- W-5
- W-7
- fluorescein-CaM adduct
- fluphenazine-N-2-chloroethane
- norchlorpromazine-CaM adduct
- rhodamine isothiocyanate-CaM adduct
- trifluoperazine
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter 4-2-09 Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Department of Cancer Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Arturo Duperier 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Daniel C, Gerlach K, Väth M, Neurath MF, Weigmann B. Nuclear factor of activated T cells - a transcription factor family as critical regulator in lung and colon cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1767-75. [PMID: 23775822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor which is activated upon T cell stimulation. Subsequent studies uncovered that a whole family of individual NFAT proteins exists with pleiotropic functions not only in immune but also in nonimmune cells. However, dysregulation of NFAT thereby favors malignant growth and cancer. Summarizing the recent advances in understanding how individual NFAT factors regulate the immune system, this review gives new insights into the critical role of NFAT in cancer development with special focus on inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Daniel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen,German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
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