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Bhattacharjee S, Caygill CPJ, Watson A. Association between occupation type and progression of Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:115-116. [PMID: 33259382 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bhattacharjee
- United Kingdom Barrett's Oesophagus Registry, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Fitzgerald RC, Rhodes JM. Ingested asbestos in filtered beer, in addition to occupational exposure, as a causative factor in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:1099-1104. [PMID: 31068670 PMCID: PMC6738048 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has become much more common over the past 50 years, particularly in Britain, with an unexplained male to female ratio of > 4:1. Given the use of asbestos filtration in commercial brewing and reports of its unregulated use in British public houses in the 1970's to clear draught beer "slops", we have assessed the hypothesis that ingested asbestos could be a causative factor for this increased incidence. Importantly, occupational asbestos exposure increases the risk of adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. The presence of asbestos fibres was consistently reported in filtered beverages including beers in the 1970s and asbestos bodies have been found in gastrointestinal tissue, particularly oesophageal tissue, at autopsy. There is no reported association between the intake of alcohol and oesophageal adenocarcinoma but studies would mostly have missed exposure from draught beer before 1980. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has some molecular similarities to pleural mesothelioma, a condition that is largely due to inhalation of asbestos fibres, including predominant loss of tumour suppressor genes rather than an increase of classical oncogenic drivers. Trends in incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma are similar, rising rapidly over the past 50 years but now plateauing. Asbestos ingestion, either from beer consumed before around 1980, or from occupational exposure, seems a plausible causative factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. If this is indeed the case, its incidence should fall back to a low baseline by around 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit,Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, USA
| | - Jonathan M Rhodes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, Nuffield Building, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Mikhail M, Crowley G, Haider SH, Veerappan A, Lam R, Talusan A, Clementi E, Ostrofsky D, Kwon S, Nolan A. Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Review of Environmental Exposure-Associated Comorbidities and Biomarkers. EMJ. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 7:103-112. [PMID: 30774967 PMCID: PMC6375490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) ranges from 13-33%. A majority of those presenting with a chief complaint of chest pain are found to have a diagnosis of NCCP. Aerodigestive diseases are a cause of NCCP, and billions of dollars are spent annually on the treatment of NCCP. Furthermore, NCCP can cause significant psychological stress. NCCP is commonly diagnosed when patients have chest pain despite a normal cardiac evaluation. The leading cause of NCCP is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). GORD should be suspected in patients who report a history of acid regurgitation, cough, dysphagia, and bloating. Another common cause of NCCP is obstructive airway disease (OAD). A thorough history and review of the symptoms should be performed for those with suspected NCCP, especially because of the contributing end organs. It is known that environmental exposures can commonly cause GORD and OAD; however, NCCP has not been fully explored in the context of environmental exposure. Patients with a history of exposure to particulate matter can develop environmental-exposure-associated GORD and coexisting OAD. This narrative review aims to provide a practical overview of NCCP, its causes, their relation to environmental exposure, and associated biomarkers. The authors used a PubMed search that spanned 2003-2018 to accomplish this. Additionally, this review provides a broad overview of biomarkers of GORD-associated NCCP and OAD-associated NCCP due to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Mikhail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - George Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Syed Hissam Haider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Arul Veerappan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Angela Talusan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Emily Clementi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dean Ostrofsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anna Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York City, New York, USA
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Gross SA, Smith MS, Kaul V. Increased detection of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal dysplasia with adjunctive use of wide-area transepithelial sample with three-dimensional computer-assisted analysis (WATS). United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 6:529-535. [PMID: 29881608 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617746298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal dysplasia (ED) are frequently missed during screening and surveillance esophagoscopy because of sampling error associated with four-quadrant random forceps biopsy (FB). Aim The aim of this article is to determine if wide-area transepithelial sampling with three-dimensional computer-assisted analysis (WATS) used adjunctively with FB can increase the detection of BE and ED. Methods In this multicenter prospective trial, patients screened for suspected BE and those with known BE undergoing surveillance were enrolled. Patients at 25 community-based practices underwent WATS adjunctively to targeted FB and random four-quadrant FB. Results Of 4203 patients, 594 were diagnosed with BE by FB alone, and 493 additional cases were detected by adding WATS, increasing the overall detection of BE by 83% (493/594, 95% CI 74%-93%). Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) was diagnosed in 26 patients by FB alone, and 23 additional cases were detected by adding WATS, increasing the detection of LGD by 88.5% (23/26, 95% CI 48%-160%). Conclusions Adjunctive use of WATS to FB significantly improves the detection of both BE and ED. Sampling error, an inherent limitation associated with screening and surveillance, can be improved with WATS allowing better informed decisions to be made about the management and subsequent treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Gross
- NYU School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Smith
- Temple University School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaul
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Gastroenterology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Yildirim M, Kaya V, Yildiz M, Demirpence O, Gunduz S, Dilli UD. Esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and the use of pesticides in the southwestern of Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2821-3. [PMID: 24761907 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal and gastric cancer generally have a poor prognosis and may share common risk factors. It has been demonstrated that the pesticide usage may contribute to development of many cancer types. In this study, the relation between amount of pesticides used in agriculture and esophageal and gastric cancer incidence was researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS Findings from the data bank of the Ministry of Health Provincial Health Directorate Cancer Records Center between the years of 1998-2010 were used. All patients who were diagnosed with gastric and esophageal cancer histopathologically were included. Data for annual pesticide usage were obtained from Provincial Agriculture Directorate for the same time period. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman test. RESULTS One thousand eight hundred and ninety-six patients were involved in the study, 1,233 males (65%) and 663 females (35%), 230 with esophageal cancer (12.1%) and 1,666 with gastric cancer (87.9%). No statistically significant relation was apparent between pesticide amount used and esophageal cancer (p: 0.87). CONCLUSIONS In our study, there was no relationship between pesticide usage and esophageal or gastric cancer. However, the time between pesticide usage and cancer development was not known, qualifying the comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of Health Batman Regional Govermant Hospital, Batman, Turkey E-mail :
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