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Kulikov EI, Malakheeva LI, Komarchev AS. The role of BTG1 and BTG2 genes and their effects on insulin in poultry. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1315346. [PMID: 38357499 PMCID: PMC10864570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1315346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Egor Igorevich Kulikov
- Federal Scientific Center, All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute, RAS, Sergiyev Posad, Russia
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Zhang CY, Shi KH, Zhang R. The roles of BTG1 mRNA expression in cancers: A bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1006636. [PMID: 36339000 PMCID: PMC9633688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1006636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BTG1 (B-cell translocation gene 1) may inhibit proliferation and cell cycle progression, induce differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory activity. The goal of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic significances of BTG1 mRNA expression and related signal pathways in cancers. Using the Oncomine, TCGA (the cancer genome atlas), xiantao, UALCAN (The University of ALabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal), and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases, we undertook a bioinformatics study of BTG1 mRNA expression in cancers. BTG1 expression was lower in gastric, lung, breast and ovarian cancer than normal tissue due to its promoter methylation, which was the opposite to BTG1 expression. BTG1 expression was positively correlated with dedifferentiation and histological grading of gastric cancer (p < 0.05), with squamous subtype and young age of lung cancer (p < 0.05), with infrequent lymph node metastasis, low TNM staging, young age, white race, infiltrative lobular subtype, Her2 negativity, favorable molecular subtyping, and no postmenopause status of breast cancer (p < 0.05), and with elder age, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and clinicopathological staging of ovarian cancer (p < 0.05). BTG1 expression was negatively correlated with favorable prognosis of gastric, lung or ovarian cancer patients, but the converse was true for breast cancer (p < 0.05). KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that the top signal pathways included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, chemokine, immune cell receptor and NF (nuclear factor)-κB signal pathways in gastric and breast cancer. The top hub genes mainly contained CD (cluster of differentiation) antigens in gastric cancer, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-FGFR (FGF receptor) in lung cancer, NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide): ubiquinone oxidoreductase in breast cancer, and ribosomal proteins in ovarian cancer. BTG1 expression might be employed as a potential marker to indicate carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, even prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-chuan Zheng,
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Cong-yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kai-hang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
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Kots E, Mlynarczyk C, Melnick A, Khelashvili G. Conformational transitions in BTG1 antiproliferative protein and their modulation by disease mutants. Biophys J 2022; 121:3753-3764. [PMID: 35459639 PMCID: PMC9617077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) protein belongs to the BTG/transducer of ERBB2 (TOB) family of antiproliferative proteins whose members regulate various key cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation. Somatic missense mutations in BTG1 are found in ∼70% of a particularly malignant and disseminated subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Antiproliferative activity of BTG1 has been linked to its ability to associate with transcriptional cofactors and various enzymes. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these functional interactions and how the disease-linked mutations in BTG1 affect these mechanisms are currently unknown. To start filling these knowledge gaps, here, using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored structural, dynamic, and kinetic characteristics of BTG1 protein, and studied how various DLBCL mutations affect these characteristics. We focused on the protein region formed by α2 and α4 helices, as this interface has been reported not only to serve as a binding hotspot for several cellular partners but also to harbor sites for the majority of known DLBCL mutations. Markov state modeling analysis of extensive MD simulations revealed that the α2-α4 interface in the wild-type (WT) BTG1 undergoes conformational transitions between closed and open metastable states. Importantly, we show that some of the mutations in this region that are observed in DLBCL, such as Q36H, F40C, Q45P, E50K (in α2), and A83T and A84E (in α4), either overstabilize one of these two metastable states or give rise to new conformations in which these helices are distorted (i.e., kinked or unfolded). Based on these results, we conclude that the rapid interconversion between the closed and open conformations of the α2-α4 interface is an essential component of the BTG1 functional dynamics that can prime the protein for functional associations with its binding partners. Disruption of the native dynamic equilibrium by DLBCL mutants leads to the ensemble of conformations in BTG1 that are unlikely structurally and/or kinetically to enable productive functional interactions with the binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kots
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Coraline Mlynarczyk
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - George Khelashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - In Ryeong Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease Systems Medicine Research Center, Institute of Genetic Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lin YM, Yeh KT, Yeh CM, Soon MS, Hsu LS. KLF10 Functions as an Independent Prognosis Factor for Gastric Cancer. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060711. [PMID: 35743973 PMCID: PMC9228861 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Krűppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) participates in the tumorigenesis of several human cancers by binding to the GC-rich region within the promoter regions of specific genes. KLF10 is downregulated in human cancers. However, the role of KLF10 in gastric cancer formation remains unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining for KLF10 expression in 121 gastric cancer sections. Results: The loss of KLF10 expression was correlated with advanced stages and T status. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher KLF10 levels had longer overall survival than those with lower KLF10 levels. Univariate analysis revealed that in patients with gastric cancer, advanced stages and low KLF10 levels were associated with survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, gender, advanced stages, and KLF10 expression were independent prognostic factors of the survival of patients with gastric cancer. After adjusting for age, gender, and stage, KLF10 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic factor in the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion: Our results collectively suggested that KLF10 may play a critical role in gastric cancer formation and is an independent prognosis factor of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (K.-T.Y.); (C.-M.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (K.-T.Y.); (C.-M.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (K.-T.Y.); (C.-M.Y.)
| | - Maw-Soan Soon
- Department of Gastroenteology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Biology, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (L.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11682) (L.-S.H.)
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (L.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11682) (L.-S.H.)
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Feng J. The p53 Pathway Related Genes Predict the Prognosis of Colon Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:169-177. [PMID: 35023955 PMCID: PMC8747760 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s346280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. This study aimed to explore the relationship between p53 pathway-related genes and prognosis of colon cancer. Methods The mRNA datasets of colon cancer and adjacent tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the differential expression of genes in two groups was analyzed. Then, P53 pathway-related genes were intersected with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain P53 pathway-related differentially expressed genes. Then, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in clusters were compared by consistent cluster analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of DEGs was performed to obtain survival-related DEGs. Risk scores were calculated for each sample based on survival-related DEGs, and patients were divided into high/low risk scores. Prognostic differences, tumor immune cell infiltration levels, and immune pathway activation status were compared between the two groups. Results We identified 28 DEGs and two clusters. There are significant differences in PFS between the two clusters (P=0.011), and no significant difference between OS and DSS. We obtained 3 DEGs (CDKN2A, BAK1, BTG1) that were significantly related to PFS, and CDKN2A was considered an independent prognostic factor. PFS showed statistically significant difference between high/low risk score groups (P=0.015). There were significant differences in immune cell infiltration level and immune pathway activity between two groups. Conclusion The p53 pathway-related genes are significantly related to PFS in colon cancer patients and play an important role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggao Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anorectal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, 425100, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhang PS, Rong ZY, Huang C. One stomach, two subtypes of carcinoma-the differences between distal and proximal gastric cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:489-504. [PMID: 34925847 PMCID: PMC8677565 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract, posing a significant risk to human health. Over the past 10 years, the pathological characteristics and the prognosis of GC have been determined based on the locations of the tumors that were then classified into two types-proximal and distal GC. This review focuses on the differences in epidemiology, etiology, cell source, pathological characteristics, gene expression, molecular markers, manifestations, treatment, prognosis, and prevention between proximal and distal GC to provide guidance and a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Shan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yin Rong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Karami M, Entezari M, Miri SR, Hashemi M, Pourhoseini SM. Investigation of expression level of hsa-circ-0001724 and the target gene, CDK6 in patients with gastric cancer. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao S, Xue H, Hao CL, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. BTG1 Overexpression Might Promote Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Decreasing Adhesion and Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2020; 10:598192. [PMID: 33330092 PMCID: PMC7729016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BTG (B-cell translocation gene) could inhibit cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis and regulate cell cycle progression and differentiation in a variety of cancer cell types. To clarify the role of BTG1 in invasion and metastasis, its expression was compared with the clinicopathological parameters of colorectal cancer by bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analyses. We also overexpressed BTG1 in HCT-15 cells and examined its effects on adhesion, migration, and metastasis with their related molecules screened. BTG1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with its promoter methylation in colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). Among them, cg08832851 and cg05819371 hypermethylation and mRNA expression of BTG1 were positively related with poor prognosis of the colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.05). BTG1 expression was found to positively correlate with depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM staging of colorectal cancer (P < 0.05) but negatively with serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 (P < 0.05). According to the TCGA database, BTG1 mRNA expression was lower in well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated than mucinous adenocarcinomas and positively correlated with ras or BRAF mutation (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the negative correlation between BTG1 mRNA expression and overall survival rate of all cancer patients (P < 0.05). BTG1 overexpression weakened adhesion and strengthened migration and invasion of HCT-15 cells (P < 0.05). There was E-cadherin hypoexpression, N-cadherin and MMP-9 hyperexpression, Zeb1 and Vimentin mRNA overexpression, a high expression of CEA mRNA and protein, and a strong secretion of CEA in BTG1 transfectants, compared with the control or mock. It was suggested that BTG1 expression might promote invasion and metastasis by decreasing adhesion, and inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Chang-Lai Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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Li Y, Huo J, He J, Zhang Y, Ma X. BTG1 inhibits malignancy as a novel prognosis signature in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:490. [PMID: 33041670 PMCID: PMC7542768 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of EC have increased. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is an anti-proliferation gene that regulates the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, but there is no research regarding this gene in EC. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used a variety of bioinformatics tools and databases to explore the expression and prognosis of BTG1. We verified expression and prognosis of BTG1 in EC using qRT-PCR and analyzed the relevant clinicopathological parameters. We functionally enriched BTG1 and related genes in EC patients through the bioinformatics website and analyzed miRNA targets of BTG1 and interacting protein networks. Cell proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, and cell apoptosis assays were used to detect the effects of BTG1 on the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma cells (ECCs). The effect of BTG1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was detected using western blot. Results We analyzed the expression and prognosis of BTG1 based on TCGA and found that low expression of BTG1 was associated with poor EC prognosis. The qRT-PCR suggested that BTG1 had low expression in EC. BTG1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) shortening. Clinicopathological analysis suggested that expression of BTG1 was related to invasion depth and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. EC pathological tissue type, fertility history, lymphatic metastasis, menopause, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age of diagnosis were not related. Functional enrichment analysis showed that BTG1 plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Biological behavior experiments suggest that BTG1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECCs, and promotes apoptosis of ECCs. Western blot indicated that BTG1 inhibited the EMT process of ECCs. Conclusions BTG1, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. We believe that BTG1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110000 Liaoning People's Republic of China
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Almasmoum HA, Airhihen B, Seedhouse C, Winkler GS. Frequent loss of BTG1 activity and impaired interactions with the Caf1 subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:281-290. [PMID: 33021411 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1827243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the highly similar genes B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 are identified in approximately 10-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, which may suggest a direct involvement of BTG1 and BTG2 in malignant transformation. However, it is unclear whether or how disease-associated mutations impair the function of these genes. Therefore, we selected 16 BTG1 variants based on in silico analysis. We then evaluated (i) the ability of these variants to interact with the known protein-binding partners CNOT7 and CNOT8, which encode the Caf1 catalytic subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase complex; (ii) the activity of the variant proteins in cell cycle progression; (iii) translational repression; and (iv) mRNA degradation. Based on these analyses, we conclude that mutations in BTG1 may contribute to malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation by interfering with its anti-proliferative activity and ability to interact with CNOT7 and CNOT8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah Ali Almasmoum
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blessing Airhihen
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Chen XQ, Meng FQ, Xiong H, Wang YL, Tang WH, Zou YM. Identification of BTG1 Status in Solid Cancer for Future Researches Using a System Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:85-94. [PMID: 32166669 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abundant studies have been conducted to identify how B-cell translocation gene 1 protein (BTG1) gene affects the differentiation, proliferation, metastasis of cancer cells, and how it further regulates the generation or development of diseases to influence the prognosis of patients. However, the data from single research were not powerful enough. The correlations between BTG1 expression and mechanisms of tumorigenesis or prognosis of patients are still in controversial. Our system review and meta-analysis provided a complete explanation about the association between BTG1 expression and clinicopathological features or prognosis of patients, which further laid a foundation for future research on BTG1. Fifteen eligible studies consisting of 1992 participants were included. We uncovered that BTG1 expression in solid tumors was associated with lymph node status (RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.58-0.75, P=0.142), TMN stage status (RR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.71-2.65, P=0.001), T category (RR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.20-3.00, P=0.000), histological differentiation (RR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.55-2.37, P=0.012), vascular invasion (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.57-1.41, P=0.001). BTG1 low expression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (HR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.38-0.67, P=0.000). It concluded that BTG1 possessed the potential value for future research and could be recommended as a significant biomarker in solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qiong Chen
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | | | - Hua Xiong
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Hua Tang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zou
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Canonical and Non-canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2830-2842. [PMID: 30997579 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that dysregulation of Wnt signaling by gene mutation and abnormal gene expression is one of the causative factors for gastric cancer (GC). So far, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of gene mutation, gene expression, and DNA methylation profiles of the Wnt pathway associated with gastric carcinogenesis, however, has not yet been reported. AIMS To this end, we investigated all the above-mentioned genetic alterations associated with the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in GC tumors, in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The information on gene mutations and expression was obtained from data resources, such as TCGA, GSEA, and TCGA-STAD, and was analyzed with the cBioPortal platform. We also performed in vitro analysis on DDK2 gene, a Wnt inhibitor, to characterize its role in GC tumor cells. RESULTS We found that gene mutations of 43 Wnt genes and abnormal expression of 13 Wnt genes occurred at a high frequency in GC tumors, and gene amplification and deletion are the major mutation types. Clusters of DNA methylation associated with Wnt signaling genes and GC tumors were also revealed, and a significant increase in β-catenin activity was found in the hypermethylated group of GC tumors. In addition, overexpression of DKK2 gene significantly inhibited multiple biological processes of the GC cells, including their growth, clonal forming, migration, and invasion ability, and induced apoptosis of the GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggested that gene mutation, abnormal gene expression, and altered DNA methylation profiles associated with the Wnt signaling may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, and DKK2 gene may act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cells.
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Xu Y, Zhang G, Zou C, Gong Z, Wang S, Liu J, Ma G, Liu X, Zhang W, Jiang P. Long noncoding RNA DGCR5 suppresses gastric cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of PTEN and BTG1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11999-12010. [PMID: 30515803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) has been reported to correlate with a variety of cancers, with its expression pattern and potential mechanism not clarified in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we demonstrated that DGCR5 was downregulated in cancerous tissues and plasma samples from patients with GC, and its downregulation was associated with advanced TNM stage and positive lymphatic metastasis. Plasma DGCR5 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.722 for diagnosis of GC. Gain- and loss-of-function of DGCR5 revealed that DGCR5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-23b to suppress GC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and facilitate apoptosis by regulating PTEN and BTG1 in vitro. Furthermore, the overexpression of DGCR5 suppressed tumor growth, and inhibited the expression of miR-23b and proliferation antigen Ki-67, but increased the expression of PTEN and BTG1 in vivo. In conclusion, our results show that DGCR5 is a tumor-suppressive lncRNA that regulates PTEN and BTG1 expression through directly binding to miR-23b. This mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of GC pathogenesis and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaogu Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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15
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Zhao X, Li W. Gene coexpression network analysis identified potential biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus progression. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00515. [PMID: 30474315 PMCID: PMC6382444 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy. Lack of international consistent diagnostic procedures has limit improvement of current therapeutic effectiveness. Here, we aimed to screen potential gene biomarkers that might play vital roles in GDM progression for assistance of its diagnostic and treatment. Methods Gene expression profiles in four GDM placentae at first trimester, four GDM placentae at second trimester, and four normal placentae were obtained from the publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated two gene modules, that is, black and brown module, that was significantly positively and negatively correlated with GDM progression time points, respectively. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between module membership (MM) and degree in protein–protein interaction network of brown module genes was observed. Results KIF2C, CENPE, CCNA2, AURKB, MAD2L1, CCNB2, CDC20, PLK1, CCNB1, and CDK1 all have degree larger than 50 and MM larger than 0.9, so they might be valuable biomarkers in GDM. Gene set enrichment analysis inferred tight relations between carbohydrate metabolism or steroid biosynthesis‐related processes and GDM progression. Conclusions All in all, our study should provide several novel references for GDM diagnosis and therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tianjin, China
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16
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Yuniati L, Scheijen B, van der Meer LT, van Leeuwen FN. Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5379-5389. [PMID: 30350856 PMCID: PMC6587536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 as antiproliferation genes more than two decades ago, their protein products have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability. In addition to affecting differentiation during development and in the adult, BTG proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis under conditions of cellular stress. Genomic profiling of B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma has put BTG1 and BTG2 in the spotlight, since both genes are frequently deleted or mutated in these malignancies, pointing towards a role as tumor suppressors. Moreover, in solid tumors, reduced expression of BTG1 or BTG2 is often correlated with malignant cell behavior and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have uncovered novel roles for BTG1 and BTG2 in genotoxic and integrated stress responses, as well as during hematopoiesis. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of BTG1 and BTG2 in these and other cellular processes. In addition, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of BTG1 and BTG2 deregulation during cancer progression and elaborate on the potential clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurensia Yuniati
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens T van der Meer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Sawaki K, Kanda M, Kodera Y. Review of recent efforts to discover biomarkers for early detection, monitoring, prognosis, and prediction of treatment responses of patients with gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:657-670. [PMID: 29902383 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1489233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis of patients with GC is poor. Many patients have inoperable disease upon diagnosis or experience recurrent disease after curative gastrectomy. Unfortunately, tumor markers for GC, such as serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, effective biomarkers are required to detect early GC and to predict tumor recurrence and chemosensitivity. Areas covered: Here we aimed to review recent developments in techniques that improve the detection of aberrant expression of GC-associated molecules, including protein coding genes, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and methylated promoter DNAs. Expert commentary: Detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations in gastric tissue or in the circulation will likely improve the diagnosis and management of GC to achieve significantly improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sawaki
- a Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II) , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- a Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II) , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- a Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II) , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
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18
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hayashi M, Takami H, Niwa Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Sugimoto H, Kodera Y. Synaptotagmin XIII expression and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1349-1358. [PMID: 29741294 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastasis is a frequent cause of death in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to identify molecules responsible for mediating peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. METHODS Transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify molecules associated with peritoneal metastasis. The therapeutic effects of intraperitoneally administered small interfering (si) RNA were evaluated using mouse xenograft models. Expression of mRNA and protein was determined in gastric tissues from patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS Synaptotagmin XIII (SYT13) was expressed at significantly higher levels in patients with peritoneal recurrence, but not in those with hepatic or distant lymph node recurrence. Inhibition of SYT13 expression in a gastric cancer cell line transfected with SYT13-specific siRNA (siSYT13) was associated with decreased invasion and migration ability of the cells, but not with proliferation and apoptosis. Intraperitoneal administration of siSYT13 significantly inhibited the growth of peritoneal nodules and prolonged survival in mice. In an analysis of 200 patients with gastric cancer, SYT13 expression in primary gastric cancer tissues was significantly greater in patients with peritoneal recurrence or metastasis. A high level of SYT13 expression in primary gastric cancer tissues was an independent risk factor for peritoneal recurrence. CONCLUSION SYT13 expression in gastric cancer is associated with perioneal metatases and is a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - D Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - C Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - D Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Niwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Kanda M, Murotani K, Tanaka H, Miwa T, Umeda S, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hayashi M, Hattori N, Suenaga M, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. A novel dual-marker expression panel for easy and accurate risk stratification of patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2463-2471. [PMID: 29733517 PMCID: PMC6010733 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of specific biomarkers is necessary for individualized management of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to design a simple expression panel comprising novel molecular markers for precise risk stratification. Patients (n = 200) who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were randomly assigned into learning and validation sets. Tissue mRNA expression levels of 15 candidate molecular markers were determined using quantitative PCR analysis. A dual‐marker expression panel was created according to concordance index (C‐index) values of overall survival for all 105 combinations of two markers in the learning set. The reproducibility and clinical significance of the dual‐marker expression panel were evaluated in the validation set. The patient characteristics of the learning and validation sets were well balanced. The C‐index values of combinations were significantly higher compared with those of single markers. The panel with the highest C‐index (0.718) of the learning set comprised SYT8 and MAGED2, which clearly stratified patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups. The reproducibility of the panel was demonstrated in the validation set. High expression scores were significantly associated with larger tumor size, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, and advanced disease. The dual‐marker expression panel provides a simple tool that clearly stratifies patients with gastric cancer into low‐, intermediate‐, and high risk after gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Clinical Research Centre, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaya Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Integrated multigene expression panel to prognosticate patients with gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18775-18785. [PMID: 29721160 PMCID: PMC5922354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the proposed individual markers had limited clinical utility due to the inherent biological and genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer. We aimed to build a new molecular-based model to predict prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. A total of 200 patients who underwent gastric resection for gastric cancer were divided into learning and validation cohorts using a table of random numbers in a 1:1 ratio. In the learning cohort, mRNA expression levels of 15 molecular markers in gastric tissues were analyzed and concordance index (C-index) values of all single and combinations of the 15 candidate markers for overall survival were calculated. The multigene expression panel was designed according to C-index values and the subpopulation index. Expression scores were determined with weighting according to the coefficient of each constituent. The reproducibility of the panel was evaluated in the validation cohort. C-index values of the 15 single candidate markers ranged from 0.506–0.653. Among 32,767 combinations, the optimal and balanced expression panel comprised four constituents (MAGED2, SYT8, BTG1, and FAM46) and the C-index value was 0.793. Using this panel, patients were provisionally categorized with scores of 1–3, and clearly stratified into favorable, intermediate, and poor overall survival groups. In the validation cohort, both overall and disease-free survival rates decreased incrementally with increasing expression scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expression score was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival after curative gastrectomy. We developed an integrated multigene expression panel that simply and accurately stratified risk of patients with gastric cancer.
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21
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Zhao S, Chen SR, Yang XF, Shen DF, Takano Y, Su RJ, Zheng HC. BTG1 might be employed as a biomarker for carcinogenesis and a target for gene therapy in colorectal cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7502-7520. [PMID: 27447746 PMCID: PMC5352338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, BTG1 overexpression inhibited proliferation, induced differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells (p2 arrest might be related to Cyclin B1 and Cdc25B hypoexpression in HCT-15 transfectants, while G1 arrest in HCT-116 transfectants overexpressing p21 and p27. BTG1 overexpression decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, Akt1 or survivin and increased the expression of Bax or p53 in colorectal cancer cells. BTG1-induced autophagy was dependent on Beclin-1 expression. BTG1 overexpression might weaken β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer cells. The chemosensitivity of BTG1 transfectants to paclitaxel, cisplatin, MG132 or SAHA was positively correlated with its apoptotic induction. There was a lower expression level of BTG1 in cancer than matched non-neoplastic mucosa by RT-PCR (p
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shu-Rui Chen
- Department of Science and Technology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dao-Fu Shen
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yasuo Takano
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishi-Kamata, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rong-Jian Su
- Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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22
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Chen H, Zhang L, He W, Liu T, Zhao Y, Chen H, Li Y. ESCO2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:475-481. [PMID: 29330052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2 (ESCO2), an essential gene for cohesion regulation and genomic stability, has not been studied in human gastric cancer (GC). We found that ESCO2 knockdown in human GC cell lines dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumor xenograft development in vivo. Furthermore, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated following the suppression of its downstream targets, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), and this result was consistent with p53 activation. Significantly, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analyses indicated that ESCO2 can interact with p53 in GC cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ESCO2 is essential for the development of GC and might be a potential therapeutic target for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian-Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Institute of Medical Physiology and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Dong-Gang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 1 Dong-Gang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Wenting He
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor of Gansu Province, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor of Gansu Province, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor of Gansu Province, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor of Gansu Province, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Yumin Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian-Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor of Gansu Province, 82 Cui-Yin Door, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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23
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Tanaka H, Shibata M, Iwata N, Hayashi M, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Metastatic pathway-specific transcriptome analysis identifies MFSD4 as a putative tumor suppressor and biomarker for hepatic metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13667-79. [PMID: 26872374 PMCID: PMC4924669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) with hepatic metastasis remains a fatal disease. Global expression profiling was conducted using tissues from patients who had GC with synchronous hepatic metastasis, and major facilitator superfamily domain containing 4 (MFSD4) was identified as a candidate biomarker for hepatic metastasis in GC. Functional and expression analyses of this molecule in GC cell lines and clinical samples were conducted. We analyzed MFSD4 expression, DNA methylation, and copy number. RNA interference experiments evaluated the effects of MFSD4 expression on cell phenotype and apoptosis. We analyzed tissues of 200 patients with GC to assess the diagnostic performance of MFSD4 levels for predicting hepatic recurrence, metastasis, or both. Differential expression of MFSD4 mRNA by GC cell lines correlated positively with the levels of NUDT13 and OCLN mRNAs and inversely with those of BMP2. Hypermethylation of the MFSD4 promoter was detected in cells with lower levels of MFSD4 mRNA. Inhibition of MFSD4 expression significantly increased the invasiveness and motility of GC cells but did not influence cell proliferation or apoptosis. MFSD4 mRNA levels in primary GC tissues were reduced in patients with concomitant hepatic metastasis or recurrence compared with those without. Low levels of MFSD4 mRNA in primary GC tissues were an independent risk factor of hepatic recurrence and metastasis. MFSD4 expression in gastric tissues may represent a useful biomarker for identification of patients at high risk for hepatic recurrence, metastasis, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Kim JY, Do SI, Bae GE, Kim HS. B-cell translocation gene 1 is downregulated by promoter methylation in ovarian carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:2669-2675. [PMID: 28928854 PMCID: PMC5604197 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of tumor biology is important in the identification of molecules that are downregulated in malignancy and in determining their role in tumor suppression. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in several types of human malignancy. In this study, we analyzed BTG1 expression in ovarian carcinoma cell lines, and we investigated the mechanism underlying the observed alterations. The methylation status of the BTG1 promoter region was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and the effect of demethylation on BTG1 expression was analyzed. BTG1 protein expression in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma tissue samples was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. BTG1 mRNA and protein expression were reduced in ovarian carcinoma cells. In BTG1-silenced ovarian cancer cells, the BTG1 promoter was highly methylated. Treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine significantly elevated BTG1 mRNA and protein expression. Immunostaining demonstrated that BTG1 expression was significantly lower in ovarian carcinoma tissue samples than nonpathological ovaries and fallopian tubes. We demonstrated that BTG1 silencing in ovarian carcinoma occurs through epigenetic repression and is involved in the ovarian carcinogenesis. Our data suggest that BTG1 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Im Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Bae
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Miwa T, Kanda M, Koike M, Iwata N, Tanaka H, Umeda S, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Fujii T, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Identification of NCCRP1 as an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor and biomarker for malignant phenotypes of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4822-4828. [PMID: 29085486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis and increasing incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) highlight the need for identification of novel ESCC-associated molecular events to improve the diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 (NCCRP1) was reported to be abundantly expressed in human squamous epithelium and to be involved in cell proliferation; however, the role of NCCRP1 in ESCC remains unclear. To elucidate the oncological roles of NCCRP1 in ESCC, NCCRP1 expression, DNA methylation, and copy numbers were analyzed in ESCC cell lines. Nine ESCC cell lines demonstrated different NCCRP1 mRNA expression levels and all exhibited hypermethylation of the NCCRP1 promoter, but no copy number loss. Additionally, NCCRP1 expression was determined in 213 surgically resected esophageal tissue samples. NCCRP1 mRNA expression levels were reduced in ESCC tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous adjacent tissues in 204 (95.8%) patients. Patients in the low NCCRP1 expression group tended to have a higher recurrence rate and a shorter overall survival time compared with those in the high NCCRP1 expression group. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that low NCCRP1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.87; P=0.022). The findings of the current study indicate that NCCRP1 acts as a putative tumor suppressor that is inactivated through promoter hypermethylation, and serves as a promising biomarker to predict postoperative prognosis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Sueoka S, Nomoto S, Oya H, Takami H, Ezaka K, Hashimoto R, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Prognostic relevance of SAMSN1 expression in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4708-4716. [PMID: 28105178 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) remains poor. The identification of biomarkers relevant to the recurrence and metastasis of GC is advantageous for stratifying patients and proposing novel molecular targets. In the present study the oncological roles of SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1 (SAMSN1), a mediator of B-cell function, were elucidated in GC. The expression and methylation status of SAMSN1 were investigated in a panel of 11 GC cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the pattern of SAMSN1 protein expression in gastric tissues. The prognostic impact of SAMSN1 expression was determined by analyzing 175 pairs of surgically resected gastric tissues. A marked decrease in the level of SAMSN1 mRNA was detected in 8/11 GC cell lines as compared with that in a non-transformed intestinal epithelium cell line (FHs 74) without promoter methylation. The mean expression level of SAMSN1 mRNA was reduced in GC tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues, an observation that was independent of tumor differentiation. The pattern of SAMSN1 protein expression was significantly correlated with that of SAMSN1 mRNA. Low SAMSN1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with tumor size (>60 mm; P=0.026) and shorter overall survival times (P=0.004). Multivariate analysis identified low SAMSN1 mRNA expression as an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.05; P=0.025). The difference in survival between the low and high SAMSN1 expression groups was more marked in patients with stage II/III GC compared to those with stage IV GC. In patients with stage II/III GC who underwent curative surgery, low SAMSN1 expression was associated with reduced disease free survival times. The results of the present study indicate that downregulation of SAMSN1 transcription may affect the progression and recurrence of GC, and therefore may represent a novel biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Kanda M, Kodera Y. Molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6829-6840. [PMID: 27570420 PMCID: PMC4974582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer (GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
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Kanda M, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Tanaka H, Shimizu D, Shibata M, Takami H, Hayashi M, Iwata N, Niwa Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Epigenetic suppression of the immunoregulator MZB1 is associated with the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2290-8. [PMID: 27459504 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of tumor recurrence after curative resection is critical for determining the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). The initiation and progression of GC are associated with inappropriate immune responses caused by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. To identify immunoregulatory molecules involved in GC progression, GC cell lines and 200 pairs of tumor and normal tissues from patients with GC were analyzed for gene expression, amplification and methylation as well as function of a differentially expressed gene. The transcriptome analysis revealed that marginal zone B and B1 cell specific protein (MZB1) was expressed at significantly decreased levels in primary GC tissues when compared with the corresponding normal gastric mucosa. PCR array analysis exploring genes expressed cooperatively with MZB1 revealed that differential expression of MZB1 mRNA in GC cell lines correlated positively with the levels of the mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor 1 and desumoylating isopeptidase 1. Hypermethylation of the MZB1 promoter was frequent in cell lines with decreased levels of MZB1 mRNA. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MZB1 significantly increased proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cell lines. Low MZB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence after curative gastrectomy and was associated significantly with increased hematogenous recurrence. MZB1 acts as a suppressor of GC. Low MZB1 expression in the primary GC tissue is predictive of recurrence after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Niwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Fujii T, Tanaka H, Shibata M, Iwata N, Hayashi M, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 is associated with malignant phenotype and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1195-202. [PMID: 27315569 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel gastric cancer (GC)-related molecules is necessary to improve management of patients with GC in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) acts as an oncogene in the progression of GC and whether it serves as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. We conducted global expression profiling of GC cell lines and RNA interference experiments to evaluate the effect of PRMT5 expression on the phenotype of GC cells. We analysed tissues of 179 patients with GC to assess the association of PRMT5 mRNA levels with clinicopathological factors. Differential expression of PRMT5 mRNA by GC cell lines correlated positively with the levels of GEMIN2, STAT3 and TGFB3. PRMT5 knockdown reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration of a GC cell line. PRMT5 mRNA levels were significantly higher in GC tissues than the corresponding adjacent normal tissues and were independent of tumour depth, differentiation and lymph node metastasis. High PRMT5 expression was an independent risk factor of positive peritoneal lavage cytology (odds ratio 3.90, P=0.003) and decreased survival. PRMT5 enhances the malignant phenotype of GC cell lines and its expression in gastric tissues may serve as a biomarker for patient stratification and a potential target of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Zheng HC, Li J, Shen DF, Yang XF, Zhao S, Wu YZ, Takano Y, Sun HZ, Su RJ, Luo JS, Gou WF. BTG1 expression correlates with pathogenesis, aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gastric cancer: a potential target for gene therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19685-705. [PMID: 26050197 PMCID: PMC4637314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we found that BTG1 overexpression inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, induced G2/M arrest, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis in BGC-823 and MKN28 cells (p < 0.05). BTG1 transfectants showed a higher mRNA expression of Cyclin D1 and Bax, but a lower mRNA expression of cdc2, p21, mTOR and MMP-9 than the control and mock (p < 0.05). After treated with cisplatin, MG132, paclitaxel and SAHA, both BTG1 transfectants showed lower mRNA viability and higher apoptosis than the control in both time- and dose-dependent manners (p < 0.05) with the hypoexpression of chemoresistance-related genes (slug, CD147, GRP78, GRP94, FBXW7 TOP1, TOP2 and GST-π). BTG1 expression was restored after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment in gastric cancer cells. BTG1 expression was statistically lower in gastric cancer than non-neoplastic mucosa and metastatic cancer in lymph node (p < 0.05). BTG1 expression was positively correlated with depth of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging and worse prognosis (p < 0.05). The diffuse-type carcinoma showed less BTG1 expression than intestinal- and mixed-type ones (p < 0.05). BTG1 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation, enhancing autophagy and apoptosis in xenograft models. It was suggested that down-regulated BTG1 expression might promote gastric carcinogenesis partially due to its promoter methylation. BTG1 overexpression might reverse the aggressive phenotypes and be employed as a potential target for gene therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dao-fu Shen
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-feng Yang
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ya-zhou Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yasuo Takano
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong-zhi Sun
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Rong-jian Su
- Experimental Center, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jun-sheng Luo
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wen-feng Gou
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Zhang CL, Geng CH, Yang ZW, Li YL, Tong LQ, Gao P, Gao YQ. Changes in patients’ symptoms and gastric emptying after Helicobacter pylori treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4585-4593. [PMID: 27182168 PMCID: PMC4858640 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients.
METHODS: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative group (28 patients), and H. pylori-positive group (42 patients). Patients in the H. pylori-positive group were further randomly divided into groups: H. pylori-treatment group (21 patients) and conventional treatment group (21 patients). Seventy two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The proximal and distal stomach area was measured by ultrasound immediately after patients took the test meal, and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 min; then, gastric half-emptying time was calculated. The incidence of symptoms and gastric half-emptying time between the FD and control groups were compared. The H. pylori-negative and conventional treatment groups were given conventional treatment: domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The H. pylori-treatment group was given H. pylori eradication treatment + conventional treatment: lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily and amoxicillin 1.0 g twice daily for 1 wk, then domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The incidence of symptoms and gastric emptying were compared between the FD and control groups. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric half-emptying time in the FD and control groups were analyzed. Then total symptom scores before and after treatment and gastric half-emptying time were compared among the 3 groups.
RESULTS: The incidence of abdominal pain, epigastric burning sensation, abdominal distension, nausea, belching, and early satiety symptoms in the FD group were significantly higher than in the control group (50.0% vs 20.8%; 37.1% vs 12.5%; 78.6% vs 44.4%; 45.7% vs 22.2%; 52.9% vs 15.3%; 57.1% vs 19.4%; all P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the FD group were slower than in the control group (93.7 ± 26.2 vs 72.0 ± 14.3; 102.2 ± 26.4 vs 87.5 ± 18.2; 102.1 ± 28.6 vs 78.3 ± 14.1; all P < 0.05). Abdominal distension, belching and early satiety had an effect on distal gastric half-emptying time (P < 0.05). Abdominal distension and abdominal pain had an effect on the gastric half-emptying time of the whole stomach (P < 0.05). All were risk factors (odds ratio > 1). The total symptom score of the 3 groups after treatment was lower than before treatment (P < 0.05). Total symptom scores after treatment in the H. pylori-treatment group and H. pylori-negative group were lower than in the conventional treatment group (5.15 ± 2.27 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, 4.93 ± 3.22 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, All P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-treatment groups were shorter than in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: FD patients have delayed gastric emptying. H. pylori infection treatment helps to improve symptoms of dyspepsia and is a reasonable choice for treatment in clinical practice.
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Wang JZ, Zhang YH, Guo XH, Zhang HY, Zhang Y. The double-edge role of B cells in mediating antitumor T-cell immunity: Pharmacological strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:73-85. [PMID: 27111515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals the controversial role of B cells in antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms have to be explored. Three latest articles published in the issue 521 of Nature in 2015 reconfirmed the puzzling topic and put forward some explanations of how B cells regulate antitumor T-cell responses both positively and negatively. This paper attempts to demonstrate that different B-cell subpopulations have distinct immunological properties and that they are involved in either antitumor responses or immunosuppression. Recent studies supporting the positive and negative roles of B cells in tumor development were summarized comprehensively. Several specific B-cell subpopulations, such as IgG(+), IgA(+), IL-10(+), and regulatory B cells, were described in detail. The mechanisms underlying the controversial B-cell effects were mainly attributed to different B-cell subpopulations, different B-cell-derived cytokines, direct B cell-T cell interaction, different cancer categories, and different malignant stages, and the immunological interaction between B cells and T cells is mediated by dendritic cells. Promising B-cell-based antitumor strategies were proposed and novel B-cell regulators were summarized to present interesting therapeutic targets. Future investigations are needed to make sure that B-cell-based pharmacological strategies benefit cancer immunotherapy substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China.
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Library, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Guo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
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Kanda M, Sugimoto H, Kodera Y. Genetic and epigenetic aspects of initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10584-10597. [PMID: 26457018 PMCID: PMC4588080 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that is predominant in developing countries and is responsible for nearly 600000 deaths each year worldwide. Similar to many other tumors, the development of HCC must be understood as a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulatory genes, leading to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes. Extensive research over the past decade has identified a number of molecular biomarkers, including aberrant expression of HCC-related genes and microRNAs. The challenge facing HCC research and clinical care at this time is to address the heterogeneity and complexity of these genetic and epigenetic alterations and to use this information to direct rational diagnosis and treatment strategies. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was the first molecularly targeted drug for HCC to show some extent of survival benefits in patients with advanced tumors. Although the results obtained using sorafenib support the importance of molecular therapies in the treatment of HCC, there is still room for improvement. In addition, no molecular markers for drug sensitivity, recurrence and prognosis are currently clinically available. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing HCC-related genes and microRNAs to update what is currently known regarding genetic and epigenetic aspects of the pathogenesis of HCC and propose novel promising candidates for use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Tanaka H, Kanda M, Koike M, Iwata N, Shimizu D, Ezaka K, Sueoka S, Tanaka Y, Takami H, Hashimoto R, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Adherens junctions associated protein 1 serves as a predictor of recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1811-8. [PMID: 26397940 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common esophageal cancer in East Asia, is among the six cancers with the highest fatality rates worldwide. Unfortunately, multidisciplinary treatment strategies have not achieved satisfactory outcomes. Therefore, novel insights into the molecular biology of ESCC are required to improve treatment. The gene encoding the transmembrane adherens junctions-associated protein-1 (AJAP1) expressed by epithelial cells resides in chromosome 1p36, which is frequently lost or epigenetically silenced in several malignancies. Here, we investigated the expression levels and regulatory mechanism of AJAP1 transcription. We determined the levels of AJAP1 mRNA and the genes encoding potentially interacting proteins expressed by ESCC cell lines, as well as the chromosomal copy number of AJAP1 and the methylation status of its promoter region. AJAP1 mRNA levels of 78 pairs of surgically resected specimens were determined to evaluate the association of AJAP1 expression and clinicopathological factors. Nine ESCC cell lines differentially expressed AJAP1 mRNA, and demethylation of hypermethylated AJAP1 genomic DNA reactivated AJAP1 mRNA expression. The copy number of sequences upstream or downstream of the AJAP1 transcriptional start site was not detectably altered. AJAP1 mRNA levels correlated inversely with those of ezrin (EZR) and were significantly lower in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. AJAP1 mRNA levels decreased gradually with increasing tumor stage. Patients with downregulated AJAP1 transcription were more likely to experience shorter overall and disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis of disease-free survival identified downregulated AJAP1 transcription as an independent prognostic factor. These results suggest that in ESCC, AJAP1 acts as a putative tumor suppressor and that AJAP1 transcription is regulated by promoter hypermethylation. These findings indicate that downregulated AJAP1 transcription may serve as a novel tumor biomarker to predict recurrence of ESCC after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Kanda M, Kodera Y. Recent advances in the molecular diagnostics of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9838-9852. [PMID: 26379391 PMCID: PMC4566379 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i34.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, representing a major global health issue. Although the incidence of GC is declining, the outcomes for GC patients remain dismal because of the lack of effective biomarkers to detect early GC and predict both recurrence and chemosensitivity. Current tumor markers for GC, including serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, are not ideal due to their relatively low sensitivity and specificity. Recent improvements in molecular techniques are better able to identify aberrant expression of GC-related molecules, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation, as novel molecular markers, although the molecular pathogenesis of GC is complicated by tumor heterogeneity. Detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations from gastric tissue or blood samples has diagnostic value in the management of GC. There are high expectations for molecular markers that can be used as new screening tools for early detection of GC as well as for patient stratification towards personalized treatment of GC through prediction of prognosis and drug-sensitivity. In this review, the studies of potential molecular biomarkers for GC that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2012 and 2015 are reviewed and summarized, and certain highlighted papers are examined.
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Fujii T, Sueoka S, Tanaka Y, Ezaka K, Takami H, Tanaka H, Hashimoto R, Iwata N, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Function and diagnostic value of Anosmin-1 in gastric cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:721-30. [PMID: 26270236 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health problem that urgently requires novel molecular biomarkers for patient stratification as well as therapeutic targets. Anosmin-1 (ANOS1) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule that plays diverse roles in multiple malignancies. We performed global expression profiling of GC cell lines and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments to determine the effect of ANOS1 expression on phenotype. We evaluated the association of ANOS1 mRNA and protein levels in patients' tissue and sera with clinicopathological factors of GC subtypes. Differential expression of ANOS1 mRNA by GC cell lines correlated positively to levels of ITGAV, FOXC2 and NODAL mRNAs and inversely with those of TFPI2. Inhibiting ANOS1 expression decreased the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. The mean level of ANOS1 mRNA was significantly higher in 237 GC tissues compared with the corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissues. Elevated ANOS1 levels associated significantly with the phenotypes of GC, shorter disease-free and overall survival. ANOS1 expression was a more significant prognostic marker for diffuse and distal nondiffuse GC. ANOS1 concentrations in sera increased sequentially in sera of healthy subjects, localized GC and disseminated GCs. Prognosis was worse for patients with preoperative serum ANOS1 ≥ 600 pg/ml compared with those with <600 pg/ml. ANOS1 may represent a biomarker for GC phenotypes and as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ezaka K, Kanda M, Sugimoto H, Shimizu D, Oya H, Nomoto S, Sueoka S, Tanaka Y, Takami H, Hashimoto R, Okamura Y, Yamada S, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Reduced Expression of Adherens Junctions Associated Protein 1 Predicts Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1499-507. [PMID: 26122373 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently recurs after curative resection. Therefore, the availability of sensitive biomarkers for progression and recurrence is essential for managing patients' clinical course. Adherens junctions associated protein 1 (AJAP1) may serve this purpose, because it mediates activities of tumor cells. METHODS AJAP1 mRNA levels and those of genes encoding potential interacting proteins, such as SRC in HCC cell lines, and 144 pairs of resected liver tissues were determined as well as the methylation status of the AJAP1 promoter and copy number changes at AJAP1 locus. The expression pattern of AJAP1 protein was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AJAP1 mRNA levels varied among nine HCC cell lines, and AJAP1 expression was reactivated after demethylation of its promoter. AJAP1 mRNA levels correlated inversely with those of SRC in HCC cell lines and tissues. AJAP1 mRNA levels were suppressed in HCC tissues. The expression pattern of AJAP1 correlated significantly with that of AJAP1 mRNA. Low levels of AJAP1 mRNA in patients with HCC associated significantly with elevated levels of tumor markers, larger tumor size, serosal infiltration, vascular invasion, hypermethylation of the AJAP1 promoter, and copy number loss at AJAP1 locus. Patients with low levels of AJAP1 expression were more likely to experience shorter disease-free survival (DFS), and multivariate analysis identified low AJAP1 expression as an independent factor for predicting DFS. CONCLUSIONS AJAP1 may function as a key regulatory molecule associated with the recurrence of HCC. Hypermethylation of the AJAP1 promoter is a key regulatory mechanism controlling AJAP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ezaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Oya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sueoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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