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Yang H, Chen XW, Song XJ, Du HY, Si FC. Baitouweng decoction suppresses growth of esophageal carcinoma cells through miR-495-3p/BUB1/STAT3 axis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3193-3210. [PMID: 39072160 PMCID: PMC11271792 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in human populations worldwide. Baitouweng decoction is one of the most important Chinese medicine formulas, with the potential to treat cancer. AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of Baitouweng decoction on EC cells. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EC tissues and normal tissues were screened by the cDNA microarray technique and by bioinformatics methods. The target genes of microRNAs were predicted based on the TargetScan database and verified by dual luciferase gene reporter assay. We used Baitouweng decoction to intervene EC cells, and detected the activity of EC9706 and KYSE150 cells by the MTT method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The expression of BUB1 mRNA and miR-495-3p was measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of BUB1, STAT3, p-STAT3, CCNB1, CDK1, Bax, Caspase3, and Caspase9 were measured by Western blot analysis. The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were measured by wound-healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. RESULTS DEGs identified are involved in biological processes, signaling pathways, and network construction, which are mainly related to mitosis. BUB1 was the key hub gene, and it is also a target gene of miR-495-3p. Baitouweng decoction could upregulate miR-495-3p and inhibit BUB1 expression. In vitro experiments showed that Baitouweng decoction significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of EC cells and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. After treatment with Baitouweng decoction, the expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 in EC cells increased significantly, while the expression of BUB1, CCNB1, and CDK1 decreased significantly. Moreover, the STAT3 signaling pathway may play an important role in this process. CONCLUSION Baitouweng decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on EC cell growth. BUB1 is a potential therapeutic target for EC. Further analysis showed that Baitouweng decoction may inhibit the growth of EC cells by upregulating miR-495-3p targeting the BUB1-mediated STAT3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Jie Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Fu-Chun Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
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Fath MK, Nasiri K, Ghasemzadeh S, Nejati ST, Ghafari N, Masouleh SS, Dadgar E, Kazemi KS, Esfahaniani M. Thymoquinone potentiates anti-cancer effects of cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting oxidative stress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14492. [PMID: 38485457 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence has proved that thymoquinone as a natural polyphenol has great anticancer and anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of thymoquinone on increasing cisplatin-induced apoptosis human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. SCC-25 cancer cells treated by thymoquinone and cisplatin with different concentrations. Cell viability will determine by using MTT assay. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activities were determined using specific related kits. DNA damage, lipid, and protein oxidation were assessed. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis will be used to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Combination of thymoquinone and cisplatin suppressed synergistically SCC-25 cancer cell viability and induced apoptosis in dose-depended manner. Cell treatment with combination of thymoquinone and cisplatin led to accumulation of ROS within cells and increase in the intracellular levels of DNA damage, protein and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the combination of thymoquinone and cisplatin modulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Thymoquinone potentiated cisplatin anti-cancer effect on OSCC by inducing oxidative stress in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nima Ghafari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kimia Sadat Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Yang X, Wei M, An Y, Liang Q, Nan J, Vijayalakshmi A, Wang Z. Vernodalin Triggers ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in TPC-1 Human PapillaryThyroid Cancer Cells via Suppression of the MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2151-2158. [PMID: 39099452 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073286226240220092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid Cancer (TC) is an endocrine organ malignancy that has become more common in recent decades. Vernodalin (VN), a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties against human breast and liver cancer cells. However, no study has explored the efficacy of VN with respect to its antiproliferative and apoptotic action on human Papillary Thyroid Cancer cells (PTC). OBJECTIVE The study intended to examine the antitumor and antiproliferative effects of VN and the apoptosis mechanisms underlying its action on TPC-1 human PTC cells. METHODS In this study, we examined the VN cell viability by MTT assay; performed ROS measurement by DCFH staining method, MMP identification by Rh-123 staining method, and apoptotic morphological assay by employing AO/EB and DAPI stain method, and further, p38 MAPK/ERK/JNK cell proliferation markers were determined by western blotting technique. RESULTS The findings showed that VN could inhibit the growth of PTC cells by increasing intracellular ROS, damaging MMP, and stimulating apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The study demonstrated how VN inhibited TPC-1 cell viability by causing ROS-induced cell death via the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION VN may serve as an agonist to impact apoptosis in PTC cells. In human PTC, VN could play an effective role in chemotherapy. More studies pertaining to animal tumor models are needed to prove its anti-cancer effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qinlong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Galileovasan Offshore and Research And Development Pvt. Ltd, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, 611002, India
| | - Zizhang Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
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Hashemy SI, Amiri H, Hosseini H, Sadeghzadeh F, Jaseem MMM, Tabrizi MH. PEGylated Lecithin-Chitosan-Folic Acid Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers of Allicin for In Vitro Controlled Release and Anticancer Effects. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-022-04310-y. [PMID: 36652093 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan-lecithin nanoparticles modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) were used to deliver allicin (AC) to colon cancer cells. AC-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA)-modified chitosan-lecithin nanoparticles (AC-PLCF-NPs) were fabricated via self-assembling procedure. HPLC for AC encapsulation and FA binding, MTT for viability assay, ABTS and DPPH for antioxidant capacity, disc diffusion, MIC and MBC for antibacterial assay, qPCR and AO/PI staining for apoptotic, and CAM assay for angiogenesis effects of AC-PLCF-NPs were used. AC-PLCF-NPs (113.55 nm) were synthesized as single dispersed (PDI: 0.28) and stable (ZP: + 33.18 mV) with 81% AC encapsulation and 48% FA binding. The antioxidant power of AC-PLCF-NPs was confirmed by inhibiting free radicals ABTS (74.25 µg/mL) and DPPH (366.214 µg/mL) and its antibacterial capacity with very high inhibitory effects against gram-negative bacterial strains. MTT results showed higher toxicity of AC-PLCF-NPs (68.06 µg/mL) compared to AC (171.45 µg/mL). Increased expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes showed activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in treated cells, and on the other hand, reduction of vascular and embryonic growth factors in CAM model confirmed the anti-angiogenesis effects of AC-PLCF-NPs. AC-PLCF-NPs can be suggested as a promising therapeutic agent for studies in the field of colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
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Ma RJ, Ma C, Hu K, Zhao MM, Zhang N, Sun ZG. Molecular mechanism, regulation, and therapeutic targeting of the STAT3 signaling pathway in esophageal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:105. [PMID: 35856449 PMCID: PMC9339493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, and the overall 5-year survival rate is only 20%. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in EC, and its activation is associated with a poor prognosis. STAT3 can be activated by canonical pathways such as the JAK/STAT3 pathway as well as non-canonical pathways including the Wnt/STAT3 and COX2/PGE2/STAT3 pathways. Activated STAT3, present as phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), can be transported into the nucleus to regulate downstream genes, including VEGF, cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), to promote cancer cell proliferation and induce resistance to therapy. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a vital role in regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway in EC. Several miRNAs promote or suppress the function of STAT3 in EC, while lncRNAs and circRNAs primarily promote the effects of STAT3 and the progression of cancer. Additionally, various drugs and natural compounds can target STAT3 to suppress the malignant behavior of EC cells, providing novel insights into potential EC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhao
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Anticancer and Anti-Metastatic Role of Thymoquinone: Regulation of Oncogenic Signaling Cascades by Thymoquinone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116311. [PMID: 35682990 PMCID: PMC9181073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening and multifaceted disease. Pioneering research works in the past three decades have mechanistically disentangled intertwined signaling networks which play contributory roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Phenomenal strides have been made in leveraging our scientific knowledge altogether to a new level of maturity. Rapidly accumulating wealth of information has underlined a myriad of transduction cascades which can be pharmaceutically exploited for cancer prevention/inhibition. Natural products serve as a treasure trove and compel interdisciplinary researchers to study the cancer chemopreventive roles of wide-ranging natural products in cell culture and preclinical studies. Experimental research related to thymoquinone has gradually gained momentum because of the extra-ordinary cancer chemopreventive multifunctionalities of thymoquinone. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of different cell signaling cascades reported to be regulated by thymoquinone for cancer chemoprevention. Essentially, thymoquinone efficacy has also been notably studied in animal models, which advocates for a rationale-based transition of thymoquinone from the pre-clinical pipeline to clinical trials.
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Jehan S, Huang J, Farooq U, Basheer I, Zhou W. Combinatorial effect of thymoquinone with chemo agents for tumor therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153936. [PMID: 35114449 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most chemotherapeutics used in cancer therapies exhibit considerable side effects to the patients. Thus, developing new chemo agents to treat cancer patients with minimal toxic and side effects is urgently needed. Recently, the combination of different chemotherapeutics has become a promising strategy to treat malignancies. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a primary bioactive compound derived from the folk medicinal plant Nigella sativa, which has been found an antitumor, chemopreventive and chemopotentiating agent against human neoplastic diseases. PURPOSE We briefly summarize the current research of the biomolecular mechanisms of TQ and evaluate the existing literature on TQ adjuvant therapies against various cancers. METHOD The data in this review were gathered by several search engines including, Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. We highlighted and classified the outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo experiments of TQ adjuvant therapies against human cancers and their chemopreventive activities on vital organs. RESULTS Several studies have shown that TQ synergistically potentiated the antitumor activity of numerous chemo agents against human neoplastic disease, including lung, breast, liver, colorectal, skin, prostate, stomach, bone and blood cancers. TQ also acted as a chemopreventive agent and reduced the toxicity of many chemo agents to vital organs, such as the heart, liver, kidneys and lungs. CONCLUSION In summary, we highly recommend an advanced evaluation of TQ adjuvant therapies at the level of preclinical and clinical trials, which could lead to a novel combinatorial therapy for cancer treatment with low or tolerable adverse effects on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jehan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Irum Basheer
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Fatfat Z, Fatfat M, Gali-Muhtasib H. Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in combination therapy against cancer and cancer stem cells. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:522-543. [PMID: 34367926 PMCID: PMC8317652 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i7.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term success of standard anticancer monotherapeutic strategies has been hampered by intolerable side effects, resistance to treatment and cancer relapse. These monotherapeutic strategies shrink the tumor bulk but do not effectively eliminate the population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are normally present within the tumor. These surviving CSCs develop mechanisms of resistance to treatment and refuel the tumor, thus causing cancer relapse. To ensure durable tumor control, research has moved away from adopting the monotreatment paradigm towards developing and using combination therapy. Combining different therapeutic modalities has demonstrated significant therapeutic outcomes by strengthening the anti-tumor potential of monotreatment against cancer and cancer stem cells, mitigating their toxic adverse effects, and ultimately overcoming resistance. Recently, there has been growing interest in combining natural products from different sources or with clinically used chemotherapeutics to further improve treatment efficacy and tolerability. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, has gained great attention in combination therapy research after demonstrating its low toxicity to normal cells and remarkable anticancer efficacy in extensive preclinical studies in addition to its ability to target chemoresistant CSCs. Here, we provide an overview of the therapeutic responses resulting from combining TQ with conventional therapeutic agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites and antimicrotubules as well as with topoisomerase inhibitors and non-coding RNA. We also review data on anticancer effects of TQ when combined with ionizing radiation and several natural products such as vitamin D3, melatonin and other compounds derived from Chinese medicinal plants. The focus of this review is on two outcomes of TQ combination therapy, namely eradicating CSCs and treating various types of cancers. In conclusion, the ability of TQ to potentiate the anticancer activity of many chemotherapeutic agents and sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy makes it a promising molecule that could be used in combination therapy to overcome resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents and reduce their associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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Thabet NA, El-Khouly D, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Omran MM. Thymoquinone chemosensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to imatinib via uptake/efflux genes modulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:911-920. [PMID: 33783002 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinase enzymes that are responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades as c-Abl, c-Kit and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an active constituent of Nigella sativa seeds. Thymoquinone benefits are attributed to its medicinal uses as antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using TQ with IM in the HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell line model. The HCT116 cells were treated with IM or/and TQ in non-constant ratios, in which the fixed concentrations of TQ (5, 10 or 20 µmol/L) were co-treated with various concentrations of IM (7.5-120 µmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Imatinib-TQ interaction was analysed using CompuSyn software. The IC50 values for IM were 105, 72 μmol/L after 48 and 72 hours, respectively, and were significantly reduced to 7.3, 7 and 5.5 μmol/L after combination with TQ (10 μmol/L) and to 5.8, 5.6 and 4.6 μmol/L after combination with TQ (20 μmol/L) to 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) values indicate a significant synergism in HCT-116 cells at different treatment time points. Thymoquinone significantly enhances the cellular uptake of IM in HCT116 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. A significant downregulation in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) genes was observed in the cells exposed to IM+TQ combination as compared to IM alone, which resulted in a substantial elevation in uptake/efflux ratio in combination group. In conclusion, TQ potentiates IM efficacy on HCT116 cells via uptake/efflux genes modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Thabet
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia El-Khouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hu X, Jiao F, Zhang L, Jiang Y. Dihydrotanshinone Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654986. [PMID: 33995073 PMCID: PMC8117156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Most (75–85%) primary liver cancers occurring worldwide are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The development of resistance and other drug related side effects are the prime reasons for the failure of treatment. Therefore, developing high-efficacy and low-toxicity natural anticancer agents is greatly needed in the treatment of HCC. Dihydrotanshinone (DHTS) is widely used for promoting blood circulation and antitumor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of DHTS-induced apoptosis of HCC, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that DHTS inhibited the growth of several HCC cells (HCCLM3, SMMC7721, Hep3B and HepG2). DHTS induced the apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells. Immunofluorescence results have showed that DHTS decreased STAT3 nuclear translocation. Moreover, Western blot results have demonstrated that DHTS suppressed the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, xenograft results have showed that DHTS suppressed tumor growth of SMMC7721 cells in vivo by inhibiting the p-STAT3. Thus, we demonstrated that DHTS could inhibit HCC by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. DHTS has potential to be a chemotherapeutic agent in HCC and merits further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abdullah O, Omran Z, Hosawi S, Hamiche A, Bronner C, Alhosin M. Thymoquinone Is a Multitarget Single Epidrug That Inhibits the UHRF1 Protein Complex. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050622. [PMID: 33922029 PMCID: PMC8143546 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) through epigenetic mechanisms, mainly via abnormal promoter DNA methylation, is considered a main mechanism of tumorigenesis. The abnormal DNA methylation profiles are transmitted from the cancer mother cell to the daughter cells through the involvement of a macromolecular complex in which the ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain (PHD), and an interesting new gene (RING) finger domains 1 (UHRF1), play the role of conductor. Indeed, UHRF1 interacts with epigenetic writers, such as DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone methyltransferase G9a, erasers like histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and functions as a hub protein. Thus, targeting UHRF1 and/or its partners is a promising strategy for epigenetic cancer therapy. The natural compound thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits anticancer activities by targeting several cellular signaling pathways, including those involving UHRF1. In this review, we highlight TQ as a potential multitarget single epidrug that functions by targeting the UHRF1/DNMT1/HDAC1/G9a complex. We also speculate on the possibility that TQ might specifically target UHRF1, with subsequent regulatory effects on other partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (Z.O.)
| | - Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (Z.O.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bronner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-597-959-354
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12
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Omran Z, H. Dalhat M, Abdullah O, Kaleem M, Hosawi S, A Al-Abbasi F, Wu W, Choudhry H, Alhosin M. Targeting Post-Translational Modifications of the p73 Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081916. [PMID: 33921128 PMCID: PMC8071514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p73 is a member of the p53 family and is expressed as different isoforms with opposing properties. The TAp73 isoforms act as tumor suppressors and have pro-apoptotic effects, whereas the ΔNp73 isoforms lack the N-terminus transactivation domain and behave as oncogenes. The TAp73 protein has a high degree of similarity with both p53 function and structure, and it induces the regulation of various genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Unlike those of the p53 gene, the mutations in the p73 gene are very rare in tumors. Cancer cells have developed several mechanisms to inhibit the activity and/or expression of p73, from the hypermethylation of its promoter to the modulation of the ratio between its pro- and anti-apoptotic isoforms. The p73 protein is also decorated by a panel of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitin proteasomal pathway modifications, and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation, that regulate its transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, and stability. These modifications orchestrate the multiple anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic functions of TAp73, thereby offering multiple promising candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the different pathways implicated in the regulation of TAp73 at the post-translational level. This review also highlights the growing importance of targeting the post-translational modifications of TAp73 as a promising antitumor strategy, regardless of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mahmood H. Dalhat
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Fahd A Al-Abbasi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9795-9354
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13
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Elgohary S, Elkhodiry AA, Amin NS, Stein U, El Tayebi HM. Thymoquinone: A Tie-Breaker in SARS-CoV2-Infected Cancer Patients? Cells 2021; 10:302. [PMID: 33540625 PMCID: PMC7912962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) pandemic, arace to develop a vaccine has been initiated, considering the massive and rather significant economic and healthcare hits that this virus has caused. The pathophysiology occurring following COVID-19(coronavirus disease-2019) infection has givenhints regarding the supportive and symptomatic treatments to establish for patients, as no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 is available yet. Patient symptoms vary greatly and range from mild symptoms to severe fatal complications. Supportive treatments include antipyretics, antiviral therapies, different combinations of broad-spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine and plasma transfusion. Unfortunately, cancer patients are at higher risk of viral infection and more likely to develop serious complications due to their immunocompromised state, the fact that they are already administering multiple medications, as well as combined comorbidity compared to the general population. It may seem impossible to find a drug that possesses both potent antiviral and anticancer effects specifically against COVID-19 infection and its complications and the existing malignancy, respectively. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the most pharmacologically active ingredient in Nigella sativa seeds (black seeds); it is reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various settings. In this review, we will discuss the multiple effects of TQ specifically against COVID-19, its beneficial effects against COVID-19 pathophysiology and multiple-organ complications, its use as an adjuvant for supportive COVID-19 therapy and cancer therapy, and finally, its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elgohary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Aya A. Elkhodiry
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Nada S. Amin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; (S.E.); (A.A.E.); (N.S.A.)
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14
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Ali MY, Akter Z, Mei Z, Zheng M, Tania M, Khan MA. Thymoquinone in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111157. [PMID: 33370631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AUDs) are a multifactorial disease, among which rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent. Several anti-inflammatory, biologics, and AUD-modifying drugs are found effective against them, but their repeated use are associated with various adverse effects. In this review article, we have focused on the regulation of inflammatory molecules, molecular signaling pathways, immune cells, and epigenetics by natural product thymoquinone on AUDs. Studies indicate that thymoquinone can regulate inflammatory molecules including interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, regulatory T cells, and various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ), janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at the molecular level and epigenetic alteration. As these molecules and signaling pathways with defective immune function play an important role in AUD development, controlling these molecules and deregulated molecular mechanism is a significant feature of AUD therapeutics. Interestingly thymoquinone is reported to possess all these potential. This article reviewed the deregulated mechanism of AUDs, and the action of thymoquinone on inflammatory molecules, immune cells, signaling pathways, and epigenetic machinery. Thymoquinone can be regarded as a potential drug candidate for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Research Division, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Division of Molecular Cancer Biology, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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15
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Gomathinayagam R, Ha JH, Jayaraman M, Song YS, Isidoro C, Dhanasekaran DN. Chemopreventive and Anticancer Effects of Thymoquinone: Cellular and Molecular Targets. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:136-151. [PMID: 33033708 PMCID: PMC7523033 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa that are commonly as black cumin. Evidences indicate that the medicinal properties of TQ have been recognized for more than 2000 years. TQ has been shown to possess potent chemopreventive properties that include anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities. Recent studies have unraveled the multiple mechanisms through which TQ exerts its chemopreventive and anticancer activity in different cancer cells in a contextual manner. The present review aims to provide a brief compendium on the molecular mechanisms through which TQ inhibits signaling pathways underlying cancer genesis, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gomathinayagam
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ji Hee Ha
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Sinomenine sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to cisplatin through negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/Wnt signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:983-990. [PMID: 31609766 PMCID: PMC6824511 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN) has been reported its antitumor effects on various types of human cancers, but there is no available information regarding the antitumor effects of SIN and cisplatin on gastric cancer. Here, we examined the antitumor effects of SIN combined with cisplatin on gastric cancer cells as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. CCK-8 assay and Calcusyn 2.0 software analysis, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry, transwell assay showed that SIN and cisplatin synergistically inhibited growth, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion than did either drug alone in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, no change in the AKT level was found, whereas SIN and cisplatin led to a dramatic decrease in p-AKT level compared with either alone treatment. SIN and cisplatin further decreased the Bcl-2, procaspase-3, and β-catenin, but increased Bax, cleaved dcaspase 3, MMP9, and MMP2 in combined group than in either alone group. Immunofluorescence staining showed again a significant decrease in nucleus β-catenin was found in combined group. These data suggested that SIN sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to cisplatin through negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, SIN and cisplatin exerted synergistic antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells and might constitute a promising therapeutic approach for gastric cancer.
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Afrose SS, Junaid M, Akter Y, Tania M, Zheng M, Khan MA. Targeting kinases with thymoquinone: a molecular approach to cancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2294-2306. [PMID: 32721537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are enzymes that are important for cellular functions, but their overexpression has strong connections with carcinogenesis, rendering them important targets for anticancer drugs. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound with proven anticancer activities, at least in preclinical studies. TQ can target several kinases, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), and tyrosine kinase in different cancer cells and animal models. Inhibiting the activity of kinases or suppressing their expression might be among the mechanisms of TQ anticancer activity. In this review, we discuss the role of TQ in kinase regulation in different cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Junaid
- Molecular Modeling Drug-design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Meiling Zheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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18
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Synergistic effects of low‑dose chemotherapy and T cells in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:897-908. [PMID: 32705278 PMCID: PMC7388326 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not sensitive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the effectiveness rate of molecular targeted therapy is low. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new treatment methods. Recently, adoptive T‑cell therapy has provided a new option for cancer treatment. Furthermore, low‑dose chemotherapy not only has no evident side effects and inhibitory effects on the human immune system, but can also enhance the immune activity of some effector cells. Therefore, it is surmised that the combination of different mechanisms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy could be a new treatment concept. In the present study, the effects of low‑dose chemotherapy combined with T cells in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma were explored using cytotoxicity assays, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis. The results revealed that low‑dose chemotherapy and T cells had synergistic effects on tumor cell elimination in vitro. The transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β signaling pathway may be involved in the inhibition of T‑cell functions. The targeted inhibition of TGF‑β signals may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal cancer. The present results provided a novel strategy for the combination of low‑dose chemotherapy and T cells to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RCC treatment.
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Thymoquinone-chemotherapeutic combinations: new regimen to combat cancer and cancer stem cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1581-1598. [PMID: 32458010 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide disease that causes millions of cases of mortality and morbidity. The major problem associated with the cancer is its resistance to conventional therapy and a high relapse rate. The use of chemotherapy to treat cancer began at the start of the twentieth century with attempts to control cancer. In time advance, many cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been developed for cancer treatment with different mechanisms of action including the alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antimicrotubule, topoisomerase inhibitors, and cytotoxic antibiotics, all of which have toxic effects toward normal cells in the body. Here, we reviewed chemotherapeutics' anticancer role potentiation and safety by thymoquinone (TQ) alone or in combination with the most common therapeutic drugs. Our search was done through PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, Nature publication group, SAGE Journals, and Web of Science databases. We recognized that TQ-chemotherapeutics combination increased chemo-modulation to the anticancer effect of different chemotherapeutics and protected the normal body cells from the toxic injuries that are induced by chemotherapeutics based on its antioxidant power. Moreover, the current study investigates the possible combinatory effect of TQ and chemotherapeutics to control cancer stem cells through molecular docking targeting of wingless/integrated (Wnt) and Hedgehog (Hh). We found that TQ modulates the Wnt and Hh pathways, by binding with tankyrase-2 and smoothened 7TM receptor, respectively, more efficiently than most chemotherapeutics drugs, while methotrexate showed high-binding affinity compared with TQ. Therefore, we encourage researchers to investigate the chemo-modulatory potential and protective effects of TQ in combination with chemotherapeutics for either cancer or cancer stem cell treatment.
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Sun CY, Nie J, Huang JP, Zheng GJ, Feng B. Targeting STAT3 inhibition to reverse cisplatin resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway protects mice from the DDP-induced acute kidney injury in lung cancer. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:751-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Huang L, Huang Z, Lin W, Wang L, Zhu X, Chen X, Yang S, Lv C. Salidroside suppresses the growth and invasion of human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and U2OS in vitro by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1969-1980. [PMID: 31081055 PMCID: PMC6521935 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has reported that salidroside exerts antitumor properties on numerous types of tumor cells; however, its effect on osteosarcoma cells remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of salidroside on the viability, apoptosis and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and determine the underlying mechanism of action. The results of an MTT revealed that salidroside suppressed the viability of osteosarcoma cells (MG63 and U2OS cells) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The results of cell morphological analysis (profile observations and Hoechst 33258 staining) and the detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry further indicated that the decrease in osteosarcoma cell viability induced by salidroside was associated with cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis not only confirmed these results but also suggested that salidroside induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by activating the caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, we reported that salidroside induced G0/G1 phase arrest and suppressed the invasion of osteosarcoma cells, as measured by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis and a Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the aforementioned results. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that salidroside induced the apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest and suppressed the invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, as determined by western blot analysis. In summary, the findings of the present study suggested that salidroside may inhibit the progression of osteosarcoma by suppressing the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the investigations into the underlying mechanism demonstrated that salidroside exerted notable antitumor activity in osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintuo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbai Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shengwu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Phytochemicals: Current strategy to sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:518-527. [PMID: 30530287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimens are the most frequently used adjuvant treatments for many types of cancer. However, the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin results in treatment failure. Despite the significant developments in understanding the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance, effective strategies to enhance the chemosensitivity of cisplatin are lacking. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant-based compounds that can augment the anti-cancer activity of cisplatin, with minimal side effects. Notably, some novel phytochemicals, such as curcumin, not only increase the efficacy of cisplatin but also decrease toxicity induced by cisplatin. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In this review, we discussed the progress made in utilizing phytochemicals to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of cisplatin. We also presented some ideal phytochemicals as novel agents for counteracting cisplatin-induced organ damage.
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