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Icard P, Alifano M, Simula L. The potential for citrate to reinforce epigenetic therapy by promoting apoptosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:586-589. [PMID: 37550099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs induce ATP depletion, promoting a glycolysis-to-oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) shift which sometimes favors tumor growth by promoting necroptosis over apoptosis. To restore effective apoptosis in tumors, we propose that the administration of citrate could inhibit ATP production, activate caspase-8 (a key necroptosis inhibitor), and downregulate key anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL and MCL1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Luca Simula
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, 75014, France
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Koseki A, Araya N, Yamagishi M, Yamauchi J, Yagishita N, Takao N, Takahashi K, Kunitomo Y, Honma D, Araki K, Uchimaru K, Sato T, Yamano Y. EZH1/2 dual inhibitors suppress HTLV-1-infected cell proliferation and hyperimmune response in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175762. [PMID: 37378292 PMCID: PMC10291084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1-associated uveitis, and pulmonary diseases. Although both HAM and ATL show proliferation of infected cells, their pathogeneses are quite different. In particular, the pathogenesis of HAM is characterized by hyperimmune responses to HTLV-1-infected cells. Recently, we demonstrated the overexpression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in ATL cells and the cytotoxic effects of EZH2 inhibitors and EZH1/2 dual inhibitors on these cells. However, these phenomena have never been studied in HAM. Furthermore, what effect these agents have on the hyperimmune response seen in HAM is completely unknown. Methods In this study, we investigated histone methyltransferase expression levels in infected cell populations (CD4+ and CD4+CCR4+ cells) from patients with HAM using microarray and RT-qPCR analyses. Next, using an assay system that utilizes the spontaneous proliferation characteristic of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with HAM (HAM-PBMCs), we investigated the effects of EZH2 selective inhibitors (GSK126 and tazemetostat) and EZH1/2 dual inhibitors (OR-S1 and valemetostat, also known as DS-3201), particularly on cell proliferation rate, cytokine production, and HTLV-1 proviral load. We also examined the effect of EZH1/2 inhibitors on the proliferation of HTLV-1-infected cell lines (HCT-4 and HCT-5) derived from patients with HAM. Results We found elevated expression of EZH2 in CD4+ and CD4+CCR4+ cells from patients with HAM. EZH2 selective inhibitors and EZH1/2 inhibitors significantly inhibited spontaneous proliferation of HAM-PBMC in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect was greater with EZH1/2 inhibitors. EZH1/2 inhibitors also reduced the frequencies of Ki67+ CD4+ T cells and Ki67+ CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, they reduced HTLV-1 proviral loads and increased IL-10 levels in culture supernatants but did not alter IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. These agents also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of HTLV-1-infected cell lines derived from patients with HAM and increased annexin-V(+)7-aminoactinomycin D(-) early apoptotic cells. Conclusion This study showed that EZH1/2 inhibitors suppress HTLV-1-infected cell proliferation through apoptosis and the hyperimmune response in HAM. This indicates that EZH1/2 inhibitors may be effective in treating HAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Koseki
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Yaizu City Hospital, Yaizu, Japan
| | - Natsumi Araya
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Takao
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kunitomo
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honma
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Araki
- Early Clinical Development Department, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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He J, Xu T, Zhao F, Guo J, Hu Q. SETD2-H3K36ME3: an important bridge between the environment and tumors. Front Genet 2023; 14:1204463. [PMID: 37359376 PMCID: PMC10288198 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1204463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the occurrence, development and treatment of tumors. The histone methyltransferase SET-domain-containing 2 (SETD2) plays a key role in mammalian epigenetic regulation by catalyzing histone methylation and interacting with RNA polymerase II to mediate transcription elongation and mismatch repair. As an important bridge between the environment and tumors, SETD2-H3K36me3 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Many tumors, including renal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, are closely related to SETD2 gene mutations. As a key component of common tumor suppressor mechanisms, SETD2-H3K36me3is an important target for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment. Here, we reviewed the structure and function of the SETD2 and how SETD2-H3K36me3 functions as a bridge between the environment and tumors to provide an in-depth understanding of its role in the occurrence and development of various tumors, which is of great significance for future disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tangpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangrui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ren L, Yang Y, Li W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ge B, Zhang S, Du G, Wang J. Recent advances in epigenetic anticancer therapeutics and future perspectives. Front Genet 2023; 13:1085391. [PMID: 36685834 PMCID: PMC9845602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development is frequently accompanied by abnormal expression of multiple genomic genes, which can be broadly viewed as decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes and upregulated expression of oncogenes. In this process, epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression without alteration of DNA or RNA sequence, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, drugs developed for the above epigenetic modulation have entered clinical use or preclinical and clinical research stages, contributing to the development of antitumor drugs greatly. Despite the efficacy of epigenetic drugs in hematologic caners, their therapeutic effects in solid tumors have been less favorable. A growing body of research suggests that epigenetic drugs can be applied in combination with other therapies to increase efficacy and overcome tumor resistance. In this review, the progress of epigenetics in tumor progression and oncology drug development is systematically summarized, as well as its synergy with other oncology therapies. The future directions of epigenetic drug development are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jinhua Wang,
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Pawlak A, Chybicka K, Zioło E, Strządała L, Kałas W. The Contrasting Delayed Effects of Transient Exposure of Colorectal Cancer Cells to Decitabine or Azacitidine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1530. [PMID: 35326680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Decitabine and azacitidine are cytosine analogs representing the class of drugs interfering with DNA methylation. Due to their molecular homology and similar clinical application these drugs are viewed as interchangeable. Despite their unique epigenetic mechanism of action, the studies of the prolonged activity of decitabine and azacitidine are rare. Our head-to-head comparison revealed profound differences in the activities of decitabine and azacitidine important in their anti-cancer potential and clinical application. We show that azacitidine, despite significant immediate toxicity, has negligible long-term effects. Contrary, decitabine, which does not exert initial toxicity, profoundly worsened the condition of the cancer cells over time. The effects of decitabine need a relatively long time to develop. This property is crucial for the proper design of studies or therapy involving decitabine. It undermines opinion about the similar therapeutic mechanism and interchangeability of decitabine and azacitidine. Abstract (1) Background: Decitabine and azacitidine are cytosine analogues representing the class of drugs interfering with DNA methylation. Due to their molecular homology and similar clinical application, both drugs are often regarded as interchangeable. Despite their unique mechanism of action the studies designed for observation and comparison of the prolonged activity of these drugs are rare. (2) Methods: The short-time (20–72 h) and long-term (up to 20 days) anti-cancer activity of decitabine and azacitidine has been studied in colorectal cancer cells. We observe the impact on cell culture’s viability, clonogenicity, proliferation, and expression of CDKN1A, CCND1, MDM2, MYC, CDKN2A, GLB1 genes, and activity of SA-β-galactosidase. (3) Results: Decitabine has much stronger anti-clonogenic activity than azacitidine. We show that azacitidine, despite significant immediate toxicity, has negligible long-term effects. Contrary, decitabine, which does not exert initial toxicity, profoundly worsened the condition of the cells over time. On the 13th day after treatment, the viability of cells was decreased and proliferation inhibited. These functional changes were accompanied by up-regulation of expression CDKN1A, CCND1, and CDKN2A genes and increased activation of SA-β-galactosidase, indicating cellular senescence. (4) Conclusions: Our head-to-head comparison revealed profound differences in the activities of decitabine and azacitidine important in their anti-cancer potential and clinical application. The effects of decitabine need relatively long time to develop. This property is crucial for proper design of studies and therapy concerning decitabine and undermines opinion about the similar therapeutic mechanism and interchangeability of these drugs.
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Yang BH, Lin WZ, Chiang YT, Chen YC, Chung CH, Chien WC, Shiau CY. Epigenetics-Associated Risk Reduction of Hematologic Neoplasms in a Nationwide Cohort Study: The Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Hydralazine. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809014. [PMID: 35186746 PMCID: PMC8848747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although several epigenetic drugs have been reported to have therapeutic efficacy for some hematologic neoplasms (HNs) in clinical trials, few achieved disease-free survival benefit. The traditional drug discovery pathway is costly and time-consuming, and thus, more effective strategies are required. We attempted to facilitate epigenetic drug repositioning for therapy of HNs by screening the Human Epigenetic Drug Database (HEDD) in the web, conducting a bench-work cytotoxicity test and a retrospective nationwide cohort study prior to a clinical trial. Methods Four FDA-approved epigenetic drugs with antitumor properties and completion of clinical phase II trials were selected from HEDD. Hydralazine (HDZ) and valproate (VAL) among the four were selected with higher cytotoxicity to HN cells, no matter whether carrying the JAK2V617F mutation or not. Both of them were chosen for a cohort study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) 2000–2015 (N = 1,936,512), a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD, N= 25.68 millions) in Taiwan. Results In the initial cohort, HDZ or VAL exposure subjects (11,049) and matching reference subjects (44,196) were enrolled according to maximal daily consumption (300/2,100 mg per day of HDZ/VAL). The HN incidence in HDZ and VAL exposure groups reduced from 4.97% to 3.90% (p <.001) and 4.45% (p = .075), respectively. A further cohort study on HDZ at a lower range of the WHO defined daily dose (<34 mg per day) and HN incidence of HDZ exposure subjects (75,612) reduced from 5.01% to 4.16% (p = 1.725 × 10 -18) compared to the reference subjects (302,448). Conclusions An association of a chronically prescribed HDZ, even prescribed low dose, with reduction of overall incidence rate and in most subgroups of HN was observed in our study. Repositioning HDZ for HN management may be feasible. This is the first nationwide cohort study of the epigenetics-associated risk evaluation of overall HN in the existing literature, showing an effective method with a wider scope to inform contemporary clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Heng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Fidelity Regulation Therapeutics Inc., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Chin Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Shiau
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Fidelity Regulation Therapeutics Inc., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Abdullah O, Omran Z, Hosawi S, Hamiche A, Bronner C, Alhosin M. Thymoquinone Is a Multitarget Single Epidrug That Inhibits the UHRF1 Protein Complex. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050622. [PMID: 33922029 PMCID: PMC8143546 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) through epigenetic mechanisms, mainly via abnormal promoter DNA methylation, is considered a main mechanism of tumorigenesis. The abnormal DNA methylation profiles are transmitted from the cancer mother cell to the daughter cells through the involvement of a macromolecular complex in which the ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain (PHD), and an interesting new gene (RING) finger domains 1 (UHRF1), play the role of conductor. Indeed, UHRF1 interacts with epigenetic writers, such as DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone methyltransferase G9a, erasers like histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and functions as a hub protein. Thus, targeting UHRF1 and/or its partners is a promising strategy for epigenetic cancer therapy. The natural compound thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits anticancer activities by targeting several cellular signaling pathways, including those involving UHRF1. In this review, we highlight TQ as a potential multitarget single epidrug that functions by targeting the UHRF1/DNMT1/HDAC1/G9a complex. We also speculate on the possibility that TQ might specifically target UHRF1, with subsequent regulatory effects on other partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (Z.O.)
| | - Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (Z.O.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bronner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-597-959-354
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Yamagishi M, Hori M, Fujikawa D, Ohsugi T, Honma D, Adachi N, Katano H, Hishima T, Kobayashi S, Nakano K, Nakashima M, Iwanaga M, Utsunomiya A, Tanaka Y, Okada S, Tsukasaki K, Tobinai K, Araki K, Watanabe T, Uchimaru K. Targeting Excessive EZH1 and EZH2 Activities for Abnormal Histone Methylation and Transcription Network in Malignant Lymphomas. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2321-2337.e7. [PMID: 31747604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although global H3K27me3 reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, no effective therapeutic strategy for H3K27me3-high malignancies harboring EZH2WT/WT has yet been established. We explore epigenome and transcriptome in EZH2WT/WT and EZH2WT/Mu aggressive lymphomas and show that mutual interference and compensatory function of co-expressed EZH1 and EZH2 rearrange their own genome-wide distribution, thereby establishing restricted chromatin and gene expression signatures. Direct comparison of leading compounds introduces potency and a mechanism of action of the EZH1/2 dual inhibitor (valemetostat). The synthetic lethality is observed in all lymphoma models and primary adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. Opposing actions of EZH1/2-polycomb and SWI/SNF complexes are required for facultative heterochromatin formation. Inactivation of chromatin-associated genes (ARID1A, SMARCA4/BRG1, SMARCB1/SNF5, KDM6A/UTX, BAP1, KMT2D/MLL2) and oncovirus infection (HTLV-1, EBV) trigger EZH1/2 perturbation and H3K27me3 deposition. Our study provides the mechanism-based rationale for chemical dual targeting of EZH1/2 in cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamagishi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hori
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honma
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Iwanaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Araki
- Oncology Clinical Development Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kulka LAM, Fangmann PV, Panfilova D, Olzscha H. Impact of HDAC Inhibitors on Protein Quality Control Systems: Consequences for Precision Medicine in Malignant Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:425. [PMID: 32582706 PMCID: PMC7291789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTM) in human cells and thus needs to be tightly regulated by the writers of this process, the histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDAC). Acetylation plays a crucial role in cell signaling, cell cycle control and in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are readers of the acetylation mark, enabling them to transduce the modification signal. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been proven to be efficient in hematologic malignancies with four of them being approved by the FDA. However, the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their cytotoxicity are only partly resolved. It is likely that HDACi alter the acetylation pattern of cytoplasmic proteins, contributing to their anti-cancer potential. Recently, it has been demonstrated that various protein quality control (PQC) systems are involved in recognizing the altered acetylation pattern upon HDACi treatment. In particular, molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are able to sense the structurally changed proteins, providing additional targets. Recent clinical studies of novel HDACi have proven that proteins of the UPS may serve as biomarkers for stratifying patient groups under HDACi regimes. In addition, members of the PQC systems have been shown to modify the epigenetic readout of HDACi treated cells and alter proteostasis in the nucleus, thus contributing to changing gene expression profiles. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins seem to play a potent role in transducing the signaling process initiating apoptosis, and many clinical trials are under way to test BRD inhibitors. Finally, it has been demonstrated that HDACi treatment leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, which may explain the effect of panobinostat, the latest FDA approved HDACi, in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Therefore, proteins of these PQC systems provide valuable targets for precision medicine in cancer. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of HDACi treatment on PQC systems and their implications for malignant disease. We exemplify the development of novel HDACi and how affected proteins belonging to PQC can be used to determine molecular signatures and utilized in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Anna Michelle Kulka
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia-Victoria Fangmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Panfilova
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heidi Olzscha
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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La Noce M, Mele L, Laino L, Iolascon G, Pieretti G, Papaccio G, Desiderio V, Tirino V, Paino F. Cytoplasmic Interactions between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and HDAC2 Regulate Osteocalcin Expression in VPA-Treated MSCs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030217. [PMID: 30841579 PMCID: PMC6468918 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has been considered an important mechanism for influencing stem cell differentiation. In particular, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to play a role in the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, the effect of the HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), on bone formation in vivo by MSCs was determined. Surprisingly, VPA treatment, unlike other HDAC inhibitors, produced a well-organized lamellar bone tissue when MSCs–collagen sponge constructs were implanted subcutaneously into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, although a decrease of osteocalcin (OC) expression was observed. Consequently, we decided to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which VPA exerts such effects on MSCs. We identified the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as being responsible for that downregulation, and suggested a correlation between GR and HDAC2 inhibition after VPA treatment, as evidenced by HDAC2 knockdown. Furthermore, using co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we showed for the first time in the cytoplasm, binding between GR and HDAC2. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed the role of GR in OC downregulation, showing recruitment of GR to the nGRE element in the OC promoter. In conclusion, our results highlight the existence of a cross-talk between GR and HDAC2, providing a mechanistic explanation for the influence of the HDAC inhibitor (namely VPA) on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Our findings open new directions in targeted therapies, and offer new insights into the regulation of MSC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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11
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García-Domínguez DJ, Hontecillas-Prieto L, Rodríguez-Núñez P, Pascual-Pasto G, Vila-Ubach M, García-Mejías R, Robles MJ, Tirado OM, Mora J, Carcaboso AM, de Álava E. The combination of epigenetic drugs SAHA and HCI-2509 synergistically inhibits EWS-FLI1 and tumor growth in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31397-410. [PMID: 30140378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic regulation is crucial in mammalian development and maintenance of tissue-cell specific functions. Perturbation of epigenetic balance may lead to alterations in gene expression, resulting in cellular transformation and malignancy. Previous studies in Ewing sarcoma (ES) have shown that the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complex binds directly to EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein and modulates its transcriptional activity. The role of EWS-FLI1 as a driver of proliferation and transformation in ES is widely known, but the effect of epigenetic drugs on fusion activity remains poorly described. The present study evaluated the combination effects of the histone deacetylases inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and Lysine-specific demethylase1 inhibitor (HCI-2509) on different biological functions in ES and in comparison to monotherapy treatments. Results The study of proliferation and cell viability showed a synergistic effect in most ES cell lines analyzed. An enhanced effect was also observed in the induction of apoptosis, together with accumulation of cells in G1 phase and a blockage of the migratory capacity of ES cell lines. Treatment, either in monotherapy or in combination, caused a significant decrease of EWS-FLI1 mRNA and protein levels and this effect is mediated in part by fusion gene promoter regulation. The anti-tumor effect of this combination was confirmed in patient-derived xenograft mouse models, in which only the combination treatment led to a statistically significant decrease in tumor volume. Conclusions The combination of SAHA and HCI-2509 is proposed as a novel treatment strategy for ES patients to inhibit the essential driver of this sarcoma and tumor growth.
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Abstract
The epigenetic nature of cancer encourages the development of inhibitors of epigenetic pathways. Yet, the clinical use for solid tumors of approved epigenetic drugs is meager. We argue that this situation might improve upon understanding the coinfluence between epigenetic pathways and tissue architecture. We present emerging information on the epigenetic control of the polarity axis, a central feature of epithelial architecture created by the orderly distribution of multiprotein complexes at cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts and altered upon cancer onset (with apical polarity loss), invasive progression (with basolateral polarity loss) and metastatic development (with basoapical polarity imbalance). This information combined with the impact of polarity-related proteins on epigenetic mechanisms of cancer enables us to envision how to guide the choice of drugs specific for distinct epigenetic modifiers, in order to halt cancer development and counter the consequences of polarity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Atrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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13
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Abstract
Targeting chromatin and its basic components through epigenetic drug therapy has become an increased focus in the treatment of complex diseases. This boost calls for the implementation of high-throughput cell-based assays that exploit the increasing knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms and their interventions for genotoxicity testing of epigenetic drugs. 3D quantitative DNA methylation imaging is a novel approach for detecting drug-induced DNA demethylation and concurrent heterochromatin decondensation/reorganization in cells through the analysis of differential nuclear distribution patterns of methylcytosine and gDNA visualized by fluorescence and processed by machine-learning algorithms. Utilizing 3D DNA methylation patterns is a powerful precursor to a series of fully automatable assays that employ chromatin structure and higher organization as novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers for various epigenetic drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tajbakhsh
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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