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Simula L, Fumagalli M, Vimeux L, Rajnpreht I, Icard P, Birsen G, An D, Pendino F, Rouault A, Bercovici N, Damotte D, Lupo-Mansuet A, Alifano M, Alves-Guerra MC, Donnadieu E. Mitochondrial metabolism sustains CD8 + T cell migration for an efficient infiltration into solid tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2203. [PMID: 38467616 PMCID: PMC10928223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD8+ T cells to infiltrate solid tumors and reach cancer cells is associated with improved patient survival and responses to immunotherapy. Thus, identifying the factors controlling T cell migration in tumors is critical, so that strategies to intervene on these targets can be developed. Although interstitial motility is a highly energy-demanding process, the metabolic requirements of CD8+ T cells migrating in a 3D environment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the main metabolic pathway sustaining human CD8+ T cell motility in 3D collagen gels and tumor slices while glycolysis plays a more minor role. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we report that CD8+ T cell migration depends on the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine, but not fatty acids, and both ATP and ROS produced by mitochondria are required for T cells to migrate. Pharmacological interventions to increase mitochondrial activity improve CD8+ T cell intratumoral migration and CAR T cell recruitment into tumor islets leading to better control of tumor growth in human xenograft models. Our study highlights the rationale of targeting mitochondrial metabolism to enhance the migration and antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simula
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Mattia Fumagalli
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Irena Rajnpreht
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Université de Normandie, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gary Birsen
- Department of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Dongjie An
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Frédéric Pendino
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Adrien Rouault
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Nadège Bercovici
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo-Mansuet
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP-Centre, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology Unit, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, 75014, France.
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Icard P, Simula L, Zahn G, Alifano M, Mycielska ME. The dual role of citrate in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188987. [PMID: 37717858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is a key metabolite of the Krebs cycle that can also be exported in the cytosol, where it performs several functions. In normal cells, citrate sustains protein acetylation, lipid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion, bone tissues formation, spermatozoid mobility, and immune response. Dysregulation of citrate metabolism is implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. Here we discuss how cancer cells use citrate to sustain their proliferation, survival, and metastatic progression. Also, we propose two paradoxically opposite strategies to reduce tumour growth by targeting citrate metabolism in preclinical models. In the first strategy, we propose to administer in the tumor microenvironment a high amount of citrate, which can then act as a glycolysis inhibitor and apoptosis inducer, whereas the other strategy targets citrate transporters to starve cancer cells from citrate. These strategies, effective in several preclinical in vitro and in vivo cancer models, could be exploited in clinics, particularly to increase sensibility to current anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France; Service of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-, HP, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris-Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | | | - Marco Alifano
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-, HP, 75014, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria E Mycielska
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Icard P, Alifano M, Simula L. The potential for citrate to reinforce epigenetic therapy by promoting apoptosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:586-589. [PMID: 37550099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs induce ATP depletion, promoting a glycolysis-to-oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) shift which sometimes favors tumor growth by promoting necroptosis over apoptosis. To restore effective apoptosis in tumors, we propose that the administration of citrate could inhibit ATP production, activate caspase-8 (a key necroptosis inhibitor), and downregulate key anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL and MCL1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Luca Simula
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, 75014, France
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Icard P, Simula L, Fournel L, Leroy K, Lupo A, Damotte D, Charpentier MC, Durdux C, Loi M, Schussler O, Chassagnon G, Coquerel A, Lincet H, De Pauw V, Alifano M. The strategic roles of four enzymes in the interconnection between metabolism and oncogene activation in non-small cell lung cancer: Therapeutic implications. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 63:100852. [PMID: 35849943 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer mortality and represents a major challenge in cancer therapy. Intrinsic and acquired anticancer drug resistance are promoted by hypoxia and HIF-1α. Moreover, chemoresistance is sustained by the activation of key signaling pathways (such as RAS and its well-known downstream targets PI3K/AKT and MAPK) and several mutated oncogenes (including KRAS and EGFR among others). In this review, we highlight how these oncogenic factors are interconnected with cell metabolism (aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis). Also, we stress the key role of four metabolic enzymes (PFK1, dimeric-PKM2, GLS1 and ACLY), which promote the activation of these oncogenic pathways in a positive feedback loop. These four tenors orchestrating the coordination of metabolism and oncogenic pathways could be key druggable targets for specific inhibition. Since PFK1 appears as the first tenor of this orchestra, its inhibition (and/or that of its main activator PFK2/PFKFB3) could be an efficacious strategy against NSCLC. Citrate is a potent physiologic inhibitor of both PFK1 and PFKFB3, and NSCLC cells seem to maintain a low citrate level to sustain aerobic glycolysis and the PFK1/PI3K/EGFR axis. Awaiting the development of specific non-toxic inhibitors of PFK1 and PFK2/PFKFB3, we propose to test strategies increasing citrate levels in NSCLC tumors to disrupt this interconnection. This could be attempted by evaluating inhibitors of the citrate-consuming enzyme ACLY and/or by direct administration of citrate at high doses. In preclinical models, this "citrate strategy" efficiently inhibits PFK1/PFK2, HIF-1α, and IGFR/PI3K/AKT axes. It also blocks tumor growth in RAS-driven lung cancer models, reversing dedifferentiation, promoting T lymphocytes tumor infiltration, and increasing sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Unité de recherche BioTICLA INSERM U1086, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karen Leroy
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Cancers, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Durdux
- Radiation Oncology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, COMETE " Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie", Université Caen, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France
| | - Vincent De Pauw
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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Abstract
We discuss how metabolism changes during different phases of the cell cycle to sustain biosynthesis and replication in normal and cancer cells. We also highlight how several master regulators of cell cycle, such as cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinases (cyc-CDK complexes) and E3 proteasome ligases, modulate key metabolic enzymes to support cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), INSERM U1086, Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France; Service of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, Paris, 75014, France
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Simula L, Alifano M, Icard P. How Phosphofructokinase-1 Promotes PI3K and YAP/TAZ in Cancer: Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102478. [PMID: 35626081 PMCID: PMC9139230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We propose that PFK1 promotes a positive feedback loop with PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways in cancer cells. Therefore, targeting PFK1 (or its product F-1,6-BP) could improve the efficacy of PI3K and YAP/TAZ inhibitors currently tested in clinical trials. To this aim, we suggest the use of citrate, which is a physiologic and potent inhibitor of PFK1. Abstract PI3K/AKT is one of the most frequently altered signaling pathways in human cancers, supporting the activation of many proteins sustaining cell metabolism, proliferation, and aggressiveness. Another important pathway frequently altered in cancer cells is the one regulating the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, which promote the expression of genes sustaining aerobic glycolysis (such as WNT, MYC, HIF-1), EMT, and drug resistance. Of note, the PI3K/AKT pathway can also regulate the YAP/TAZ one. Unfortunately, although PI3K and YAP inhibitors are currently tested in highly resistant cancers (both solid and hematologic ones), several resistance mechanisms may arise. Resistance mechanisms to PI3K inhibitors may involve the stimulation of alternative pathways (such as RAS, HER, IGFR/AKT), the inactivation of PTEN (the physiologic inhibitor of PI3K), and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and MCL1 proteins. Therefore, it is important to improve current therapeutic strategies to overcome these limitations. Here, we want to highlight how the glycolytic enzyme PFK1 (and its product F-1,6-BP) promotes the activation of both PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ pathways by several direct and indirect mechanisms. In turn, PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ can promote PFK1 activity and F-1,6-BP production in a positive feedback loop, thus sustaining the Warburg effect and drug resistance. Thus, we propose that the inhibition of PFK1 (and of its key activator PFK2/PFKFB3) could potentiate the sensitivity to PI3K and YAP inhibitors currently tested. Awaiting the development of non-toxic inhibitors of these enzymes, we propose to test the administration of citrate at a high dosage, because citrate is a physiologic inhibitor of both PFK1 and PFK2/PFKFB3. Consistently, in various cultured cancer cells (including melanoma, sarcoma, hematologic, and epithelial cancer cells), this “citrate strategy” efficiently inhibits the IGFR1/AKT pathway, promotes PTEN activity, reduces Bcl-xL and MCL1 expression, and increases sensitivity to standard chemotherapy. It also inhibits the development of sarcoma, pancreatic, mammary HER+ and lung RAS-driven tumors in mice without apparent toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simula
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Marco Alifano
- INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence:
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Icard P, Simula L, Rei J, Fournel L, De Pauw V, Alifano M. On the footsteps of Hippocrates, Sanctorius and Harvey to better understand the influence of cold on the occurrence of COVID-19 in European countries in 2020. Biochimie 2021; 191:164-171. [PMID: 34555456 PMCID: PMC8458079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by a pattern of consecutive declines and regrowth in European countries in 2020. After being partially regressed during the summer, the reappearance of the infection during fall 2020 in many temperate countries strongly suggests that temperature and cold may play a role in influencing the infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. While promoting medicine as an art, Hippocrates interpreted with logical reasoning the occurrence of diseases such as epidemics, as a consequence of environmental factors, in particular climatic variations. During the Renaissance, Sanctorius was one of the first to perform quantitative measurements, and Harvey discovered the circulation of blood by performing experimental procedures in animals. We think that a reasoning mixing various observations, measurements and experiments is fundamental to understand how cold increases infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. By this review, we provide evidence linking cold, angiotensin-II, vasoconstriction, hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) to explain how cold affects the epidemiology of COVID-19. Also, a low humidity increases virus transmissibility, while a warm atmosphere, a moderate airway humidity, and the production of vasodilator angiotensin 1-7 by ACE2 are less favorable to the virus entry and/or its development. The meteorological and environmental parameters impacting COVID-19 pandemic should be reintegrated into a whole perspective by taking into account the different factors influencing transmissibility, infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. To understand the modern enigma represented by COVID-19, an interdisciplinary approach is surely essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, F-14000, France; INSERM U1086, Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen University, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Joana Rei
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent De Pauw
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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Icard P, Alifano M, Donnadieu E, Simula L. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate promotes PI3K and glycolysis in T cells? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:540-543. [PMID: 34016523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We propose that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) promotes a feedback loop between phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and PFK2/PFKFB3, which enhances aerobic glycolysis and sustains effector T (Teff) cell activation, while oxidative metabolism is concomitantly downregulated. This regulation, promoted by low citrate and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, also sustains the Warburg effect in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, INSERM U1086, Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Locally Aggressive Cancers, Caen 14000, France.
| | - Marco Alifano
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1224, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris 75014, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Luca Simula
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris, Paris 75014, France
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Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 27% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide, thus representing a major health problem [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
- Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Normandy University, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
- Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-University of Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
- Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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10
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Bobbio A, Bouam S, Frenkiel J, Zarca K, Fournel L, Canny E, Icard P, Porcher R, Alifano M. Epidemiology and prognostic factors of pleural empyema. Thorax 2021; 76:1117-1123. [PMID: 33785584 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection of the pleural cavity invariably leads to hospitalisation, and a fatal outcome is not uncommon. Our aim was to study the epidemiology of pleural empyema on a nationwide basis in the whole population and in three subgroups of patients, namely post-lung resection, associated cancer and those with no surgery and no cancer. METHODS Data from patients aged ≥18 years hospitalised with a diagnosis of pleural infection in France between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrieved from the medical-administrative national hospitalisation database and retrospectively analysed. Mortality, length of stay and costs were assessed. RESULTS There were 25 512 hospitalisations for pleural empyema. The annual rate was 7.15 cases per 100 000 habitants in 2013 and increased to 7.75 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2017. The mean age of patients was 62.4±15.6 years and 71.7% were men. Post-lung resection, associated cancer and no surgery-no cancer cases accounted for 9.8%, 30.1% and 60.1% of patients, respectively. These groups were significantly different in terms of clinical characteristics, mortality and risk factors for length of stay, costs and mortality. Mortality was 17.1% in the whole population, 29.5% in the associated cancer group, 17.7% in the post-lung resection group and 10.7% in the no surgery-no cancer group. In the whole population, age, presence of fistula, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (>3), alcohol abuse, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, atheroma, atrial fibrillation, performance status >3 and three subgroups of pleural empyema independently predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS Empyema is increasing in incidence. Factors associated with mortality are recent lung resection and associated diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bobbio
- Thoracic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samir Bouam
- Unité d'Information Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Frenkiel
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Zarca
- DRCI-URC Eco Ile-de-France (AP-HP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes Faculty of Medicine Paris Center, Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Canny
- Thoracic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes Faculty of Medicine Paris Center, Paris, France
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11
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Icard P, Loi M, Wu Z, Ginguay A, Lincet H, Robin E, Coquerel A, Berzan D, Fournel L, Alifano M. Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1461-1480. [PMID: 33530098 PMCID: PMC8321873 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mix of cancerous and noncancerous cells (especially immune cells and fibroblasts) with distinct metabolisms. These cells interact with each other and are influenced by the metabolic disorders of the host. In this review, we discuss how metabolic pathways that sustain biosynthesis in cancer cells could be targeted to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies by limiting the nutrient uptake of the cell, inactivating metabolic enzymes (key regulatory ones or those linked to cell cycle progression), and inhibiting ATP production to induce cell death. Furthermore, we describe how the microenvironment could be targeted to activate the immune response by redirecting nutrients toward cytotoxic immune cells or inhibiting the release of waste products by cancer cells that stimulate immunosuppressive cells. We also examine metabolic disorders in the host that could be targeted to inhibit cancer development. To create future personalized therapies for targeting each cancer tumor, novel techniques must be developed, such as new tracers for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and immunohistochemical markers to characterize the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Pending personalized strategies that specifically target all metabolic components of cancer development in a patient, simple metabolic interventions could be tested in clinical trials in combination with standard cancer therapies, such as short cycles of fasting or the administration of sodium citrate or weakly toxic compounds (such as curcumin, metformin, lipoic acid) that target autophagy and biosynthetic or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zherui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Ginguay
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France,EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France,ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Robin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, Comete “Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie”, Université Caen, Caen, France
| | - Diana Berzan
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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Icard P, Lincet H, Wu Z, Coquerel A, Forgez P, Alifano M, Fournel L. The key role of Warburg effect in SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammatory response. Biochimie 2020; 180:169-177. [PMID: 33189832 PMCID: PMC7659517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current mortality due to the Covid-19 pandemic (approximately 1.2 million by November 2020) demonstrates the lack of an effective treatment. As replication of many viruses - including MERS-CoV - is supported by enhanced aerobic glycolysis, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 replication in host cells (especially airway cells) is reliant upon altered glucose metabolism. This metabolism is similar to the Warburg effect well studied in cancer. Counteracting two main pathways (PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling) sustaining aerobic glycolysis inhibits MERS-CoV replication and thus, very likely that of SARS-CoV-2, which shares many similarities with MERS-CoV. The Warburg effect appears to be involved in several steps of COVID-19 infection. Once induced by hypoxia, the Warburg effect becomes active in lung endothelial cells, particularly in the presence of atherosclerosis, thereby promoting vasoconstriction and micro thrombosis. Aerobic glycolysis also supports activation of pro-inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and M1 macrophages. As the anti-inflammatory response and reparative process is performed by M2 macrophages reliant on oxidative metabolism, we speculated that the switch to oxidative metabolism in M2 macrophages would not occur at the appropriate time due to an uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cascade. Aging, mitochondrial senescence and enzyme dysfunction, AMPK downregulation and p53 inactivation could all play a role in this key biochemical event. Understanding the role of the Warburg effect in COVID-19 can be essential to developing molecules reducing infectivity, arresting endothelial cells activation and the pro-inflammatory cascade. Enhanced aerobic glycolysis supports replication of many viruses including MERS-CoV. PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK inhibitors arrest MERS-CoV replication. This metabolism likely sustains SARS-CoV-2 replication in host cells, in particular airway cells . The Warburg effect also supports activation of endothelial cells and pro-inflammatory cells .
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, F-14000, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France.
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Zherui Wu
- INSERM U1224, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris University, Paris, France; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM U1224, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1224, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris University, Paris, France
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13
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Fournel L, Boudou-Rouquette P, Prieto M, Hervochon R, Guinet C, Arrondeau J, Alexandre J, Damotte D, Wislez M, Batteux F, Icard P, Goldwasser F, Alifano M. Nivolumab increases pulmonary artery pressure in patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:497-505. [PMID: 32936316 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The widespread use of Nivolumab results in an increasing number of side effects and adverse events. Herein, we evaluated the impact of Nivolumab on crude and normalized pulmonary artery diameter (PAD). METHODS We analyzed clinical, morphometric, pathological and radiological data of lung cancer patients treated by Nivolumab in an 18-month period. Blinded radiological evaluation was performed, by three observers measuring axial PAD and Aorta diameter (AoD) in secondarily matched pre- and post-Nivolumab CT-scans. Correlation between ΔPAD and clinicopathological data was investigated. RESULTS 59 patients receiving Nivolumab for treatment of advanced lung carcinoma were identified. Pre-and post-Nivolumab comparison of CT-scan measures revealed that mean PAD was 26.3 ± 2.8 mm versus 28.0 ± 3.0 mm (p < 0.001), and mean PAD/AoD ratio was 0.82 ± 0.09 versus 0.87 ± 0.11 (p < 0.001), respectively. Median ΔPAD was 0.05 [0.01-0.122] was significantly higher in hypometabolic patients exhibiting low Rest Energy Expenditure (p = 0.03). Patients exhibiting ΔPAD > 1% had significantly lower serum albumin level (p = 0.03), and higher nutritional risk (p = 0.02), compared to others. Unlike Nivolumab therapy, there was no increase of PAD after chemotherapy in the same cohort of patients with available scans (n = 45, 25.9 ± 2.9 mm pre-chemotherapy versus 25.7 ± 2.4 mm post-chemotherapy, p = 0.51). Anti-PD-1 treatment was associated with immune-related adverse events in 11 (18.6%) cases including 2 cases of life-threatening acute pulmonary hypertension, both exhibiting post-treatment PAD/AoD ratio > 1. CONCLUSION Nivolumab is associated to PAD enlargement, a potential marker of pulmonary hypertension, sometimes leading to lethal adverse events. Careful CT-scan and echocardiographic evaluation of PAD should be part of the therapeutic work-up of patients receiving Nivolumab, especially those suffering cancer-associated malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France. .,Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Prieto
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Remi Hervochon
- Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claude Guinet
- Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Arrondeau
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Biology and Immunology Department, AP-HP.Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,INSERM U-119, UNICAEN, University of Caen-Normandy, Caen, France
| | - François Goldwasser
- Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France.,Oncology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,Immunomodulatory Therapies Multidisciplinary Study Group (CERTIM), Cochin Hospital, AP-HP.Center-University of Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Prieto M, Bobbio A, Fournel L, Icard P, Canny EH, Mansuet Lupo A, Leroy K, Wislez M, Damotte D, Alifano M. [Surgical management of resectable non-small cell lung cancer: Towards new paradigms]. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:904-911. [PMID: 32674934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adapting therapies and providing personalized care for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer represent major challenges. This involves integrating several parameters into the patient's management, not only crude pathologic results, but also a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor progression. Many studies have looked at the impact of host and tumor characteristics and their interactions through inflammatory processes or tumor immune environment. Beyond tumor stage, poor nutrition, sarcopenia and inflammatory state have been identified as independent factors that can directly impact postoperative outcome. The development of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), in which patient becomes the main player in their own management, seems to be an interesting answer since it seems to allow a reduction in postoperative complications, length of stay and indirectly reduction in costs. A broader and more complete vision including morphometric evaluation of the patient, physical performances, inflammatory state and nutritional state would provide additional discriminating information which can predict postoperative outcome and help in adapting therapies in a personalized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Prieto
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bobbio
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Hamelin Canny
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mansuet Lupo
- AP-HP Centre, université de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Karen Leroy
- AP-HP Centre, université de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de génétique et biologie moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- AP-HP Centre, université de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- AP-HP Centre, université de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- AP-HP Centre, UNIVERSITE de Paris, hôpital Cochin, service de chirurgie thoracique, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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15
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Icard P, Ollivier L, Forgez P, Otz J, Alifano M, Fournel L, Loi M, Thariat J. Perspective: Do Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Diets Increase Sensitivity to Radiotherapy? A Literature Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1089-1101. [PMID: 32492154 PMCID: PMC7490158 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric starvation, as well as various diets, has been proposed to increase the oxidative DNA damage induced by radiotherapy (RT). However, some diets could have dual effects, sometimes promoting cancer growth, whereas proposing caloric restriction may appear counterproductive during RT considering that the maintenance of weight is a major factor for the success of this therapy. A systematic review was performed via a PubMed search on RT and fasting, or caloric restriction, ketogenic diet (>75% of fat-derived energy intake), protein starvation, amino acid restriction, as well as the Warburg effect. Twenty-six eligible original articles (17 preclinical studies and 9 clinical noncontrolled studies on low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets popularized as ketogenic diets, representing a total of 77 patients) were included. Preclinical experiments suggest that a short period of fasting prior to radiation, and/or transient caloric restriction during treatment course, can increase tumor responsiveness. These regimens promote accumulation of oxidative lesions and insufficient repair, subsequently leading to cancer cell death. Due to their more flexible metabolism, healthy cells should be less sensitive, shifting their metabolism to support survival and repair. Interestingly, these regimens might stimulate an acute anticancer immune response, and may be of particular interest in tumors with high glucose uptake on positron emission tomography scan, a phenotype associated with poor survival and resistance to RT. Preclinical studies with ketogenic diets yielded more conflicting results, perhaps because cancer cells can sometimes metabolize fatty acids and/or ketone bodies. Randomized trials are awaited to specify the role of each strategy according to the clinical setting, although more stringent definitions of proposed diet, nutritional status, and consensual criteria for tumor response assessment are needed. In conclusion, dietary interventions during RT could be a simple and medically economical and inexpensive method that may deserve to be tested to improve efficiency of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Normandie University, UNICAEN, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, France,Inserm U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,Address correspondence to PI (e-mail: )
| | - Luc Ollivier
- Centre Hospitalier de Brest, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France,Centre François Baclesse, Radiotherapy Unit, Caen, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Otz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Loi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paris Est University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Université Caen Normandie, Normandie University, UNICAEN, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, France,Centre François Baclesse, Radiotherapy Unit, Caen, France,Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, IN2P3, Normandie University/UNICAEN/CNRS, Caen, France
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16
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Farhat D, Léon S, Ghayad SE, Gadot N, Icard P, Le Romancer M, Hussein N, Lincet H. Lipoic acid decreases breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF-1R via furin downregulation. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:885-894. [PMID: 31988347 PMCID: PMC7078196 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Despite advances in therapies, the mechanisms of resistance remain the underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant and essential cofactor in oxidative metabolism. Its potential therapeutic effects have been well documented, but its mechanisms of action (MOA) are not fully understood. METHODS The aim of this study is to validate the inhibitory LA effect on the proliferation of various breast cancer cell lines and to investigate the MOA that may be involved in this process. We tested LA effects by ex vivo studies on fresh human mammary tumour samples. RESULTS We demonstrate that LA inhibits the proliferation and Akt and ERK signalling pathways of several breast cancer cells. While searching for upstream dysregulations, we discovered the loss of expression of IGF-1R upon exposure to LA. This decrease is due to the downregulation of the convertase, furin, which is implicated in the maturation of IGF-1R. Moreover, ex vivo studies on human tumour samples showed that LA significantly decreases the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. CONCLUSION LA exerts its anti-proliferative effect by inhibiting the maturation of IGF-1R via the downregulation of furin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Farhat
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Léon
- Plateforme Ex-Vivo, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation, SIRIC LYriCAN, INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12563, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra E Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Plateforme Anatomopathologie-Recherche, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Unité de recherche BioTICLA INSERM U 119, 14000, Caen, France
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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17
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Loi M, Mazzella A, Desideri I, Fournel L, Hamelin EC, Icard P, Bobbio A, Alifano M. Chest wall resection and reconstruction for lung cancer: surgical techniques and example of integrated multimodality approach. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:22-30. [PMID: 32055420 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Loi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Mazzella
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Radiotherapy, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Emelyne Canny Hamelin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bobbio
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris-Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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18
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Farhat D, Ghayad SE, Icard P, Le Romancer M, Hussein N, Lincet H. Lipoic acid-induced oxidative stress abrogates IGF-1R maturation by inhibiting the CREB/furin axis in breast cancer cell lines. Oncogene 2020; 39:3604-3610. [PMID: 32060422 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of lipoic acid (LA) in cancer treatment have been well documented in the last decade. Indeed, LA exerts crucial antiproliferative effects by reducing breast cancer cell viability, cell cycle progression and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanisms of action (MOA) underlying these antiproliferative effects remain to be elucidated. Recently, we demonstrated that LA decreases breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF-1R maturation via the downregulation of the proprotein convertase furin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the MOA by which LA inhibits furin expression in estrogen receptor α (ERα) (+) and (-) breast cancer cell lines. We unveil that LA exerts a pro-oxidant effect on these cell lines, the resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated being responsible for the reduction in the expression of the major (CREB) protein. This transcription factor is overexpressed in many types of cancers and regulates the expression of furin in breast cancer cells independently of ERα, as evidenced herein by the inhibition of furin expression following CREB silencing. Consequently, our findings expose for the first time the complete MOA of LA via the CREB/furin axis leading to inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Farhat
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra E Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Icard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Unité de recherche BioTICLA INSERM U 119, 14000, Caen, France.,Service de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France. .,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France. .,ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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19
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Fournel L, Alifano M, Icard P. Is there a real need for a remotely actuated magnetic chest drain device? J Thorac Dis 2020; 11:5677-5679. [PMID: 32030299 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Fournel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Center University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Center University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Center University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France.,University of Normandy, Caen, France
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20
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Icard P, Schussler O, Loi M, Bobbio A, Mansuet Lupo A, Wislez M, Iannelli A, Fournel L, Damotte D, Alifano M. Pre-Disease and Pre-Surgery BMI, Weight Loss and Sarcopenia Impact Survival of Resected Lung Cancer Independently of Tumor Stage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020266. [PMID: 31979060 PMCID: PMC7072703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower pre-surgery Body Mass Index (BMI) and low muscle mass impact negatively long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated their influence on survival after major lung resection for NSCLC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was made on 304 consecutive patients. RESULTS Underweight, normal, overweight and obese patients represented 7.6%, 51.6%, 28.6%, and 12.6% of the pre-disease population. Weight loss and gain were recorded in 5% and 44.4% of patients, respectively. Low muscle mass was more frequently associated with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.000001). Overall survival was positively affected by pre-disease (p = 0.036) and pre-surgery (p = 0.017) BMI > 25 kg/m2, and, even more, in case of BMI > 25 kg/m2 and increasing weight (p = 0.012). Long-term outcome was negatively influenced by low muscle mass (p = 0.042) and weight loss (p = 0.0052) as well as age (p = 0.017), ASA categories (p = 0.025), extent of resection (p = 0.0001), pleural invasion (p = 0.0012) and higher pathologic stage (p < 0.0001). Three stepwise multivariable models confirmed the independent favorable prognostic value of higher pre-disease (RR 0.66[0.49-0.89], p = 0.006) and pre-surgery BMI (RR 0.72[0.54-0.98], p = 0.034), and the absence of low muscle mass (RR 0.56[0.37-0.87], p = 0.0091). CONCLUSIONS Body reserves assessed by simple clinical markers impact survival of surgically treated NSCLC. Strategies improving body fat and muscular mass before surgery should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Medical School, Inserm UMR 1199, Biology and Innovative Therapies of Locally Advanced Cancers University Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Humanitas Hospital, Milan 20089, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bobbio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Audrey Mansuet Lupo
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (A.M.L.); (D.D.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marie Wislez
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Nice University Hospital, 06000 Nice, France;
- Department of nutrition, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (A.M.L.); (D.D.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5841-2064
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Mazzella A, Fournel L, Bobbio A, Janet-Vendroux A, Lococo F, Hamelin EC, Icard P, Alifano M. Costal cartilage resection for the treatment of slipping rib syndrome (Cyriax syndrome) in adults. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:10-16. [PMID: 32055418 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Slipping rib syndrome is an overlooked cause of low chest or upper abdominal pain. Costal cartilage excision has been described as an effective treatment of this disorder. We review our experience with surgically treated slipping rib syndrome in the adult patient. Methods This is a single institution retrospective analysis from January 2000 to March 2019 of adult patients operated on for treatment of a slipping rib syndrome. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with slipping rib syndrome and underwent costal cartilage excision. All patients presented with unilateral and life disturbing chest pain (8 left sided). In all cases, point tenderness was observed with palpation and hooking maneuver was positive. Each patient underwent imaging and ultrasonography suggested slipping rib syndrome in one case. A mean of 1±0.2 cartilages was excised. Early postoperative course was uneventful in all the cases. Follow-up was complete for all patients over a median of 18.7±12 [3-132] months. At postoperative month 2 follow-up, 15 on 19 patients had complete resolution of their symptoms. At late interviews, 6 out of 19 patients described recurrent pain, whose intensity was significantly lower. We observed significant differences about pre-operative and post-operative visual analog pain (EVA) (8.07±0.75 vs. 2±2.3, P<0.005), weekly pain crises (6.25±2.7 vs. 1.6±2.1, P<0.005) and morphinics consomption (9/19 vs. 2/19, P=0.029). Fourteen patients out of 19 nineteen strongly recommended surgical intervention. Conclusions Slipping rib syndrome of the adult is an overlooked cause of chest or abdominal pain which diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Costal cartilage excision allows short to mid-terms effective and reliable treatment to reduce symptoms and life disturbance but does not exclude late pain recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mazzella
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bobbio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Janet-Vendroux
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emelyne Canny Hamelin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Icard P, Wu Z, Alifano M, Fournel L. Gluconeogenesis of Cancer Cells Is Disrupted by Citrate. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:265-266. [PMID: 31174837 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Inserm UMR 1199, Biology and Innovative Therapies of Locally Advanced Cancers, Caen Normandie University, Caen, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Zherui Wu
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cell Signaling, Subunit Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France; Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 1124, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cell Signaling, Subunit Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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Icard P, Fournel L, Wu Z, Alifano M, Lincet H. Interconnection between Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:490-501. [PMID: 30655165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression and division is regulated by checkpoint controls and sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Understanding of how these events occur in synchrony with metabolic changes could have important therapeutic implications. For biosynthesis, cancer cells enhance glucose and glutamine consumption. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes transcription in G1 phase. Glutamine metabolism supports DNA replication in S phase and lipid synthesis in G2 phase. A boost in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism can temporarily furnish more ATP when necessary (G1/S transition, segregation of chromosomes). Recent studies have shown that a few metabolic enzymes [PKM2, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB3), GAPDH] also periodically translocate to the nucleus and oversee cell cycle regulators or oncogene expression (c-Myc). Targeting these metabolic enzymes could increase the response to CDK inhibitors (CKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- CHU de Caen, Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, Caen, F-14000, France; Inserm U1086, BioTICLA axis, Université Caen Normandie, F-14000, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Zherui Wu
- Inserm UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
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Icard P, Fournel L, Coquerel A, Gligorov J, Alifano M, Lincet H. Citrate targets FBPase and constitutes an emerging novel approach for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:175. [PMID: 30455595 PMCID: PMC6225682 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gao-Min Liu and Yao-Ming Zhang recently published a review entitled «Targeting FBPase is an emerging novel approach for cancer therapy» (Liu and Zhang in Cancer Cell Int 18:36, 2018). In this paper, the authors highlighted how the down regulation or inactivation of FBPase, a rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, can promote the Warburg effect and cancer growth. In contrast, activation of this enzyme demonstrates anti-cancer effects and may appear as emerging novel approach for cancer therapy. Among the potential activators of FBP listed by Liu and Zhang, citrate was surprisingly not mentioned although it is an activator of FBPase, also demonstrating various anti-cancer effects in pre-clinical studies. Thus, citrate should be tested as a new therapeutic strategy, in particular in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- 1Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Normandy University of Caen, Unité Inserm 1199, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Unité Inserm 1007, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Joseph Gligorov
- Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Unité Inserm 1007, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- 5Faculty of Pharmacy of Lyon, CRCL Lyon, Unité Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
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Cohen C, Pop D, Icard P, Berthet JP, Venissac N, Mouroux J. Is There a Place for Thoracoscopic Enucleation of Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 67:585-588. [PMID: 30267389 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (E-GISTs) represent less than 1% of all GISTs. The rarity of this lesion precludes the realization of randomized studies, and its treatment remains a matter of debate. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of enucleation by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for low- to intermediate-risk E-GIST. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients treated by enucleation through VATS between January 2004 and January 2014 and reviewed the literature. RESULTS We included five patients (four men and one woman). Mean age was 53 years (range: 49-79). Three patients were diagnosed because of dysphagia and two others incidentally. The diagnosis was made by immunostaining demonstrating CD117 expression on tumor cells. The mitotic index of all E-GISTs was low (≤ 5 per 50 high-power field). Median postoperative follow-up was 5.5 years, and there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION Thoracoscopic enucleation of E-GIST seems to represent a valuable option as the postoperative morbidity/mortality is low and the oncological outcome is good for low-to-intermediate grade of malignity tumors.This is a retrospective study focused on minimally invasive treatment of E-GIST. We evaluated the feasibility of VATS enucleation of low-to-medium grade of malignity E-GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cohen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Pop
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Berthet
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Venissac
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Jérome Mouroux
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice Cedex, France
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Icard P, Iannelli A, Lincet H, Alifano M. Sarcopenia in resected non-small cell lung cancer: let's move to patient-directed strategies. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3138-S3142. [PMID: 30370098 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- CHU de Caen, Caen Normandy University, Caen, France.,INSERM U1086, Caen, France
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1065, "Hepatic complications of obesity" Team, Nice, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, CRC, Lyon, France.,ISPB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lyon Claude Bernard 1, University, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Icard P, Fournel L, Alifano M, Lincet H. Extracellular Citrate and Cancer Metabolism—Letter. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5176. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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D’Journo XB, Falcoz PE, Alifano M, Le Rochais JP, D’Annoville T, Massard G, Regnard JF, Icard P, Marty-Ane C, Trousse D, Doddoli C, Orsini B, Edouard S, Million M, Lesavre N, Loundou A, Baumstarck K, Peyron F, Honoré S, Dizier S, Charvet A, Leone M, Raoult D, Papazian L, Thomas PA. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal decontamination with chlorhexidine gluconate in lung cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44:578-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Icard P, Shulman S, Farhat D, Steyaert JM, Alifano M, Lincet H. How the Warburg effect supports aggressiveness and drug resistance of cancer cells? Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 29857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ both conventional oxidative metabolism and glycolytic anaerobic metabolism. However, their proliferation is marked by a shift towards increasing glycolytic metabolism even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). HIF1, a major hypoxia induced transcription factor, promotes a dissociation between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process limiting the efficient production of ATP and citrate which otherwise would arrest glycolysis. The Warburg effect also favors an intracellular alkaline pH which is a driving force in many aspects of cancer cell proliferation (enhancement of glycolysis and cell cycle progression) and of cancer aggressiveness (resistance to various processes including hypoxia, apoptosis, cytotoxic drugs and immune response). This metabolism leads to epigenetic and genetic alterations with the occurrence of multiple new cell phenotypes which enhance cancer cell growth and aggressiveness. In depth understanding of these metabolic changes in cancer cells may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which when combined with existing cancer treatments, might improve their effectiveness and/or overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment, BioTICLA axis (Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Ovarian Cancers), Caen, France; UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, BioTICLA lab, Caen, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, France
| | | | - Diana Farhat
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Steyaert
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique (LIX), Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paris Center University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), France; Université Lyon Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France; ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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Icard P, Teboul B, El Baze P. A Simple Method to Optimize the Effectiveness of Chemotherapy: Modulation of Glucose Intake During Chemotherapy. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:6199-6202. [PMID: 29061801 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancer cells consume high amounts of glucose to produce ATP and molecules entering biosynthesis. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that glucose deprivation and/or glycolysis inhibition arrest cancer cell growth and may increase the efficiency of cytotoxic drugs. In contrast, increasing glycolysis in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) activates these cells that destroy cancer cells. We propose to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy by modulating glucose intake during the course of chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glucose and caloric intake should be drastically reduced the day before and during chemotherapy administration to deprive cancer cells of ATP and molecules required to repair cytotoxic lesions. Few hours after chemotherapy, glucose and caloric intake should be drastically increased for few days to promote the activation of TILs that reinforce the destruction of cancer cells. RESULTS This strategy could improve the results of chemotherapy by first enhancing cytotoxic stress against tumor cells and then promoting activation of the anti-cancer immune response. CONCLUSION The modulation of glucose intake during chemotherapy should be tested clinically. The proposed scheme is simple, surely easier to follow than a strict chronic diet, and should avoid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 (BioTICLA), Centre François Baclesse "Biology and Innovative Therapeutics for Locally Agressive Cancers" (BioTICLA), Caen, France .,Thoracic Surgical Department, CHU Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Teboul
- Geriatrician, Nursing Home «La Colline» Casip-Cojasor, Nice, France.,Center for Healthcare Innovation and Uses (CIU-Santé), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Philip El Baze
- Center for Healthcare Innovation and Uses (CIU-Santé), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
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Heyndrickx M, Le Rochais JP, Icard P, Cantat O, Zalcman G. Do atmospheric conditions influence the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21:296-300. [PMID: 26034222 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies suggest that changes in airway pressure may influence the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atmospheric changes on the onset of the first episode of PSP. METHODS We retrospectively analysed cases of pneumothorax admitted to our department between 1 January 2009 and 31 October 2013. Patients with recurrent pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, older than 35 years or presenting history of underlying pulmonary disease were excluded. Meteorological data were collected from the Météo-France archives. Variation (Δ) of mean atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity, were calculated for each day between the day at which symptoms began (D-day), the day before first symptoms (D-1), 2 days before the first symptoms (D-2) and 3 days before the first symptoms (D-3). RESULTS Six hundred and thirty-eight cases of pneumothorax were observed during the period of this study; 106 of them (16.6%) were a first episode of PSP. We did not observe any significant differences between days with or without PSP admission for any of the weather parameters that we tested. We could not find any thresholds in the variation of atmospheric pressure that could be used to determine the probability of PSP occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Variation of atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and temperature were not significantly related to the onset of the first episode of PSP in healthy patients. These results suggest that the scientific community should focus on other possible aetiological factors than airway pressure modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Heyndrickx
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Cantat
- LETG-Caen Géophen Laboratory, UMR 6554 CNRS, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
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Lincet H, Icard P. How do glycolytic enzymes favour cancer cell proliferation by nonmetabolic functions? Oncogene 2014; 34:3751-9. [PMID: 25263450 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells enhance their glycolysis, producing lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis is a series of ten metabolic reactions catalysed by enzymes whose expression is most often increased in tumour cells. HKII and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) have mainly an antiapoptotic effect; PGI and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activate survival pathways (Akt and so on); phosphofructokinase 1 and triose phosphate isomerase participate in cell cycle activation; aldolase promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition; PKM2 enhances various nuclear effects such as transcription, stabilisation and so on. This review outlines the multiple non-glycolytic roles of glycolytic enzymes, which are essential for promoting cancer cells' survival, proliferation, chemoresistance and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lincet
- 1] Locally Aggressive Cancer Biology and Therapy Unit (BioTICLA), Caen, France [2] Normandie University, Caen, France [3] François-Baclesse Centre for Cancer, Caen, France
| | - P Icard
- 1] Locally Aggressive Cancer Biology and Therapy Unit (BioTICLA), Caen, France [2] Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire d'Informatique, Palaiseau, France
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Cameliere L, Rosat P, Heyndrickx M, Le Rochais JP, Icard P. Migration of a Kirschner pin from the shoulder to the lung, requiring surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014; 21:222-3. [PMID: 24532628 DOI: 10.1177/0218492312450021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 62-year-old woman underwent a reduction of a proximal reduced humeral fracture, which was fixed by 3 Kirschner pins. One year later, the orthopedic surgeon failed to remove one of the wires. The patient was lost to follow-up, and 4 years later, she presented with hemoptysis, revealing migration of the pin to the lung. The pin was removed through a thoracotomy. Migration to the lung is often revealed by hemoptysis or pneumothorax. Close follow-up and early removal of the pins are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Cameliere
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
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Abstract
A 27-year-old man was referred with typical features of severe Cushing's syndrome. A bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. Three months later, a triangular nodular mediastinal enlargement, evocative of a right anterior thymic tumor, was discovered. Thymectomy was undertaken. Histological examination revealed diffuse thymic hyperplasia with negative immunostaining for adrenocorticotropic hormone. Five years later, a right endobronchial tumor corresponding to a carcinoid tumor was removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Basse-Normandie, France
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Schwartz L, Buhler L, Icard P, Lincet H, Steyaert JM. Metabolic treatment of cancer: intermediate results of a prospective case series. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:973-980. [PMID: 24511042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid has been demonstrated by several laboratories to be effective in reducing murine cancer growth. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients had failed standard chemotherapy and were offered only palliative care by their referring oncologist. Karnofsky status was between 50 and 80. Life expectancy was estimated to be between 2 and 6 months. Ten consecutive patients with chemoresistant advanced metastatic cancer were offered compassionate metabolic treatment. They were treated with a combination of lipoic acid at 600 mg i.v. (Thioctacid), hydroxycitrate at 500 mg t.i.d. (Solgar) and low-dose naltrexone at 5 mg (Revia) at bedtime. Primary sites were lung carcinoma (n=2), colonic carcinoma (n=2), ovarian carcinoma (n=1), esophageal carcinoma (n=1), uterine sarcoma (n=1), cholangiocarcinoma (n=1), parotid carcinoma (n=1) and unknown primary (n=1). The patients had been heavily pre-treated. One patient had received four lines of chemotherapy, four patients three lines, four patients two lines and one patient had received radiation therapy and chemotherapy. An eleventh patient with advanced prostate cancer resistant to hormonotherapy treated with hydroxycitrate, lipoic acid and anti-androgen is also reported. RESULTS One patient was unable to receive i.v. lipoic acid and was switched to oral lipoic acid (Tiobec). Toxicity was limited to transient nausea and vomiting. Two patients died of progressive disease within two months. Two other patients had to be switched to conventional chemotherapy combined with metabolic treatment, one of when had a subsequent dramatic tumor response. Disease in the other patients was either stable or very slowly progressive. The patient with hormone-resistant prostate cancer had a dramatic fall in Prostate-Specific Antigen (90%), which is still decreasing. CONCLUSION These very primary results suggest the lack of toxicity and the probable efficacy of metabolic treatment in chemoresistant advanced carcinoma. It is also probable that metabolic treatment enhances the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results are in line with published animal data. A randomized clinical trial is warranted.
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Icard P, Heyndrickx M, Galateau-Sallé F, Rosat P, Lerochais JP, Gervais R, Zalcman G, Hanouz JL. Does Bilobectomy Offer Satisfactory Long-Term Survival Outcome for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1726-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Icard P, Heyndrickx M, Guetti L, Galateau-Salle F, Rosat P, Le Rochais JP, Hanouz JL. Morbidity, mortality and survival after 110 consecutive bilobectomies over 12 years. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012; 16:179-85. [PMID: 23117235 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivs419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse statistical aspects of mortality, morbidity and survival after bilobectomy (BT), an operation rarely studied in the literature. METHODS One hundred and ten cases were studied, comprising 58 upper-middle bilobectomies and 52 lower-middle bilobectomies performed between 1999 and 2010. Indications were of 9 benign diseases, 12 carcinoid tumours, 5 metastases and 84 non-small cell lung cancers (2 stage 0; 34 stage I; 22 stage II; 25 stage III and 1 stage IV). RESULTS Mortality was nil. Twenty-six percent of patients experienced significant morbidity, influenced in multivariate analysis by the presence of three or more comorbidities (P = 0.03) and by a forced expiratory volume in 1 s of <60% (P = 0.01). Lower-middle BT was associated with more postoperative complications than upper-middle BT (P = 0.012). The 5-year survival rate of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma was 82% in stage I, 59% in stage II and 20% in stage IIIA. Survival was significantly influenced by stage (P = 0.0018) and tobacco weaning (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS BT can be achieved with low mortality, and survival results that are comparable with those unregistered after standard lobectomy. However, almost one quarter of patients experienced significant postoperative complications. Surgical techniques aiming to reduce residual pleural space should be especially considered after lower-middle BT, due to the highest morbidity being associated with this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Caen Basse-NormandSie and University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
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Lepleux C, Abeilard-Lemoisson E, Duval M, Icard P, Lincet H. siPGK1 sensitizes chemoresistant human ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:4277-4286. [PMID: 23060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis provides essential intermediates for cancer cell proliferation. Its inhibition could be a promising approach for destroying tumors, especially those developing in hypoxic conditions, which are presumably the most chemoresistant. In hypoxic cells, glycolysis provides the main part of ATP. Phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) catalyzes a crucial reaction of glycolysis that reconstitutes the two molecules of ATP previously consumed. PGK1 inhibition could arrest growth or kill hypoxic and/or chemoresistant cells. We tested siPGK1 transfection in two human ovarian cancer cells lines of increasing chemoresistance, and showed that: Expression of PGK1 was significantly reduced and associated with blockade of cell growth in the G(1) phase; siPGK1 associated with cisplatin was more effective than cisplatin-alone at inhibiting proliferation of chemoresistant cells; siPGK1 -alone and -associated with cisplatin strongly increased expression of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein BCL-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death (BIM). PGK1 might be a key target for sensitizing chemoresistant cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lepleux
- University of Caen Basse-Normandie, BioTICLA EA 4656, IFR146 ICORE, Cancer Center François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Heyndrickx M, Galateau-Salle F, Herry I, Icard P. Pulmonary botryomycosis on a lung cavity: a rare pulmonary infection mimicking cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 60:607-9. [PMID: 22627958 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-012-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung botryomycosis is a rare disease. We report what is to our knowledge the first case occurring on a lung cavity. In a 42-year-old man suffering asthenia and cough, a chest radiograph revealed a right upper lobe opacity. Computed tomography scan showed a necrotic mass which was also spiculated. Repeated research for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative. The patient underwent a lobectomy. Histological and bacteriological examinations made the diagnosis of botryomycosis, because the cavity presented numerous colonies of pyogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteria. Botryomycosis is a difficult diagnosis that clinically mimics actinomycosis, tuberculosis or cancer. In most cases, surgery is necessary to assess diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Heyndrickx
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Center of Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
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Icard P, Poulain L, Lincet H. Understanding the central role of citrate in the metabolism of cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:111-6. [PMID: 22101401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancers cells strongly stimulate glycolysis and glutaminolysis for their biosynthesis. Pyruvate derived from glucose is preferentially diverted towards the production of lactic acid (Warburg effect). Citrate censors ATP production and controls strategic enzymes of anabolic and catabolic pathways through feedback reactions. Mitochondrial citrate diffuses in the cytosol to restore oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. Whereas acetyl-CoA serves de novo lipid synthesis and histone acetylation, OAA is derived towards lactate production via pyruvate and / or a vicious cycle reforming mitochondrial citrate. This cycle allows cancer cells to burn their host's lipid and protein reserves in order to sustain their own biosynthesis pathways. In vitro, citrate has demonstrated anti-cancer properties when administered in excess, sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy. Understanding its central role is of particular relevance for the development of new strategies for counteracting cancer cell proliferation and overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 1772, Unité Biologie et Thérapies Innovantes des Cancers Localement Agressifs, et Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Avenue du général Harris, BP5026, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France.
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Lu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Lan J, Huang G, Varin E, Lincet H, Poulain L, Icard P. Citrate induces apoptotic cell death: a promising way to treat gastric carcinoma? Anticancer Res 2011; 31:797-805. [PMID: 21498699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gastric carcinoma is frequent, particularly in China, and therapy is often inefficient. Because cancer cells are partly or mainly dependent on glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate ATP (Warburg effect) and/or to produce precursors (of lipid, nucleotides, etc.) for building new cells, any inhibition of glycolysis may slow down the cell proliferation and/or may kill cells. The antitumor effect of citrate, an anti-glycolytic agent inhibiting phosphofructokinase (PFK) was tested on two human gastric carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and morphology were assessed after 24-72 h exposure to citrate (5, 10, 220 mM). Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-FITC/PI staining and Western immunobloting. RESULTS A 3-day continuous exposure to citrate led to near destruction of the cell population in both cell lines, apoptotic cell death occurred through the mitochondrial pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner, associated with the reduction of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein in both lines. CONCLUSION Citrate demonstrates strong cytotoxic activity against two gastric cancer lines, leading to an early diminution of expression of Mcl-1 and to massive apoptotic cell death involving the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
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Varin E, Denoyelle C, Brotin E, Meryet-Figuière M, Giffard F, Abeilard E, Goux D, Gauduchon P, Icard P, Poulain L. Downregulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 is sufficient to induce cell death in mesothelioma cells highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:984-93. [PMID: 20142415 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and limited response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Several lines of evidence support a role for the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L) in MPM chemoresistance. Since it has been recently suggested that Mcl-1 cooperates with Bcl-x(L) for protection against cell death, we investigated the response of mesothelioma cell lines to the downregulation of Bcl-x(L) (alone or in combination with cisplatin) and the potential interest of its concomitant inhibition with that of Mcl-1. Using RNA interference, we showed that Bcl-x(L) depletion sensitized two highly chemoresistant mesothelioma cell lines to cisplatin and that under this treatment, one cell line, MSTO-211H, displayed an apoptotic type of cell death, whereas the other, NCI-H28, evidenced mainly necrotic-type cell death. Otherwise, the inhibition of Mcl-1 by cisplatin may contribute to this induction of cell death observed after Bcl-x(L) downregulation. Strikingly, we observed that the simultaneous inhibition of Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced a massive cell death in the absence of chemotherapy and was sufficient to avoid escape to treatment in MSTO-211H cells. In NCI-H28, the addition of a low cisplatin concentration allowed to impede the long-term recovery observed after treatment by the siRNA combination. Together, these findings provide a strong molecular basis for the clinical evaluation of therapies targeting both Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Varin
- Unité BioTICLA (Biologie et Thérapies Innovantes des Cancers Localement Agressifs) du Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer (EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie et IFR146 ICORE), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
Background The social-behavioural functioning of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well studied and not fully understood, with available studies reflecting a mixed set of findings. The primary purpose of this paper is to compare the social-behavioural functioning of children with CKD with typical controls using multiple raters. A secondary analysis also examines the impact of disease severity on social-behavioural functioning. Methods Parental ratings and self-reports on the Behavior Assessment System for Children were obtained from a patient sample of 26 children and adolescents with CKD. This sample was comprised of those with end-stage renal disease (end-stage renal disease; n= 13) and those with chronic renal insufficiency (n= 13). For comparison, a typically developing control group (n= 33) also was ascertained. Results While behaviour ratings by parents and children fell within the average range, parent ratings showed an increased number of internalizing symptoms when compared with the CKD Group. Exploratory analyses revealed parental ratings showing more specific concerns on the Behavior Assessment System for Children individual clinical scales of Anxiety, Depression and Somatization. No differences were observed between the groups on the children's self-ratings, or in terms of numbers of children falling above the 90th percentile for both parent and child ratings. Secondary analyses did not produce any group differences between the chronic renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease severity groupings. Conclusions These findings failed to show the presence of social-behavioural difficulties in children with CKD, although there may be specific concerns for the presence of internalizing symptoms as per parent ratings. These findings suggest the need for follow-up of the subtle affective symptoms that might be present in children with CKD as recognizing these subthreshold social-behavioural symptoms may be a critical part of their overall clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hooper
- Department of Psychiatry, The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Zhang X, Varin E, Allouche S, Lu Y, Poulain L, Icard P. Effect of citrate on malignant pleural mesothelioma cells: a synergistic effect with cisplatin. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:1249-1254. [PMID: 19414371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because cancer cells are partly or mainly dependent on glycolysis to generate ATP (Warburg effect), any inhibition of glycolysis may slow down their proliferation or kill them. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-tumor effect of citrate, an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase, was tested on particularly chemoresistant MSTO-211H human mesothelioma cells. RESULTS A 3-day continuous exposure to citrate led to apoptotic cell death via a mitochondrial pathway, associated with a reduction of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 expression. However, when citrate was removed, the remaining cells resumed their proliferation. The treatment of cells with a non-cytotoxic dose of cisplatin at the end of the citrate exposure led to a strong cytotoxicity, almost all cells being killed. CONCLUSION Depletion of ATP, diminution of the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins and inhibition of hexokinase secondary to inhibition of phosphofructokinase by citrate may explain the cytotoxic activity of this molecule and its synergistic effect with cisplatin.
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Zhang X, Varin E, Briand M, Allouche S, Heutte N, Schwartz L, Poulain L, Icard P. Novel therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma based on anti-energetic effect: an experimental study using 3-Bromopyruvate on nude mice. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:1443-1448. [PMID: 19414400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cancer cells exhibit increased anaerobic glycolysis and use this metabolic pathway for the generation of ATP as a main source of energy. This impaired metabolism of glucose, leading to the secretion of lactic acid even in the presence of oxygen, is named the Warburg effect. Because cancer cells are partly or mainly dependent on such a pathway to generate ATP, inhibition of glycolysis may slow down the proliferation or kill cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) alone or associated to cisplatin on nude mice presenting intraperitoneal carcinomatosis developed after intraperitoneal injection of human mesothelioma cells (MSTO-211H) was investigated. RESULTS 3-BrPA significantly prolonged survival of animals. Combined with cisplatin, it demonstrated significant benefit on survival whereas cisplatin alone had no or a mild effect. CONCLUSION 3-BrPA may thus constitute an interesting novel anticancer drug that could be tested in humans.
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Varin E, Denoyelle C, Brotin E, Lemoisson E, Giffard F, Icard P, Poulain L. RNA interference-based strategies directed against Bcl-xL and MCL1 for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Varin E, Lemoisson E, Briand M, Poulain L, Icard P. Novel therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma using 3-bromopyruvate based on anti-energetic effect. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Aide N, Reznik Y, Icard P, Franson T, Bardet S. Paraneoplastic ACTH Secretion: Bronchial Carcinoid Overlooked by Planar Indium-111 Pentetreotide Scintigraphy and Accurately Localized by SPECT/CT Acquisition. Clin Nucl Med 2007; 32:398-400. [PMID: 17452874 DOI: 10.1097/01.rlu.0000259631.63515.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aide
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre François Baclesse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Caen, France.
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Icard P, Chautard J, Zhang X, Juanico M, Bichi S, Lerochais JP, Flais F. A single 24F Blake drain after wedge resection or lobectomy: a study on 100 consecutive cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30:649-51. [PMID: 16934988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of chest drainage using one 24F Blake drain after standard thoracic operations (wedge resection and lobectomy). METHODS In 2005, 100 consecutive patients underwent drainage of their pleural cavity following lobectomy or wedge resection(s). There were 70 men and 30 women, with a mean age of 55 years (17-83). There were 47 lobectomies (23 upper, 5 middle, 19 lower), 3 bilobectomies (2 right upper and middle, 1 right lower and middle), and 2 anatomical segmentectomies. All these anatomical resections were performed by standard thoracotomy, mainly for cancer diseases (45 cases). Furthermore, 48 atypical resections by single or multiple wedge(s) were realized, 20 of them by VATS. They included 14 various benign diseases, 16 malignant diseases, 8 significant emphysema bullous, and 10 blebs. Chest X rays were performed regularly in the postoperative period to detect residual pleural effusion or pneumothorax necessitating additional drainage or reoperation. Patients were controlled one month after discharge. RESULTS One patient with pleural carcinosis died of pulmonary embolus on day 8. Neither replacement of chest tube nor reoperation was necessary for pleural space problems. Median duration of drainage was 5 days (3-15), 6 days after lobectomy and 4 days after wedge resection. In 15 cases, the duration of drainage was more than 8 days: 11 persistent air leaks and 4 drainages exceeding 150-200 cm3 daily. Ninety percent of patients were discharged the day following the drain removal. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative courses after standard thoracic procedures using a single 24F Blake drainage appear similar to that accounting after a classical semi-rigid drainage. Such single drainage may appear now as an acceptable option. The flexible quality of the drain, its reduced caliber, and the character unique of the drainage, may contribute to improve comfort of the operated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio-Vascular Surgery, CHRU de Caen, Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen Cedex, France.
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