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Gonza I, Goya-Jorge E, Douny C, Boutaleb S, Taminiau B, Daube G, Scippo ML, Louis E, Delcenserie V. Food additives impair gut microbiota from healthy individuals and IBD patients in a colonic in vitro fermentation model. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114157. [PMID: 38519184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a long-term complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Changes in microbial populations have been linked with the onset of fibrosis and some food additives are known to promote intestinal inflammation facilitating fibrosis induction. In this study, we investigated how polysorbate 80, sucralose, titanium dioxide, sodium nitrite and maltodextrin affect the gut microbiota and the metabolic activity in healthy and IBD donors (patients in remission and with a flare of IBD). The Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) with a static (batch) configuration was used to evaluate the effects of food additives on the human intestinal microbiota. Polysorbate 80 and sucralose decreased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Both compounds, also increased bacterial species positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and fibrosis (i.e.: Enterococcus, Veillonella and Mucispirillum schaedleri), especially in donors in remission of IBD. Additionally, polysorbate 80 induced a lower activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the three groups of donors, which can affect the intestinal homeostasis. Maltodextrin, despite increasing short-chain fatty acids production, promoted the growth of Ruminococcus genus, correlated with higher risk of fibrosis, and decreased Oscillospira which is negatively associated with fibrosis. Our findings unveil crucial insights into the potential deleterious effects of polysorbate 80, sucralose and maltodextrin on human gut microbiota in healthy and, to a greater extent, in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Gonza
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Samiha Boutaleb
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Edouard Louis
- Hepato - Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH - Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Ramos-Nascimento A, Grenga L, Haange SB, Himmelmann A, Arndt FS, Ly YT, Miotello G, Pible O, Jehmlich N, Engelmann B, von Bergen M, Mulder E, Frings-Meuthen P, Hellweg CE, Jordan J, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Armengaud J, Moeller R. Human gut microbiome and metabolite dynamics under simulated microgravity. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2259033. [PMID: 37749878 PMCID: PMC10524775 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2259033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Artificial Gravity Bed Rest - European Space Agency (AGBRESA) study was the first joint bed rest study by ESA, DLR, and NASA that examined the effect of simulated weightlessness on the human body and assessed the potential benefits of artificial gravity as a countermeasure in an analog of long-duration spaceflight. In this study, we investigated the impact of simulated microgravity on the gut microbiome of 12 participants during a 60-day head-down tilt bed rest at the :envihab facilities. Over 60 days of simulated microgravity resulted in a mild change in the gut microbiome, with distinct microbial patterns and pathway expression in the feces of the countermeasure group compared to the microgravity simulation-only group. Additionally, we found that the countermeasure protocols selectively increased the abundance of beneficial short-chain fatty acids in the gut, such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate. Some physiological signatures also included the modulation of taxa reported to be either beneficial or opportunistic, indicating a mild adaptation in the microbiome network balance. Our results suggest that monitoring the gut microbial catalog along with pathway clustering and metabolite profiling is an informative synergistic strategy to determine health disturbances and the outcome of countermeasure protocols for future space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Himmelmann
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Franca Sabine Arndt
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Yen-Tran Ly
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
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Balmant BD, Fonseca DC, Rocha IM, Callado L, Torrinhas RSMDM, Waitzberg DL. Dys-R Questionnaire: A Novel Screening Tool for Dysbiosis Linked to Impaired Gut Microbiota Richness. Nutrients 2023; 15:4261. [PMID: 37836545 PMCID: PMC10574031 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Practical and affordable tools to screen intestinal dysbiosis are needed to support clinical decision making. Our study aimed to design a new subjective screening tool for the risk of intestinal dysbiosis from a previously described nonvalidated questionnaire (DYS/FQM) and based on subjective and objective data. A total of 219 individuals comprised the chronic diseases (CD; n = 167) and healthy control (HC; 52 subjects) groups. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, body composition, lifestyle, past history, intestinal health, and dietary data were collected. The gut microbiota (GM) profile was assessed from fecal samples using the 16S rRNA sequencing. Scores for the new tool (Dys-R Questionnaire) were assigned using discrete optimization techniques. The association between Dys-R scores and dysbiosis risk was assessed through correlation, simple linear models, sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. We found significant differences in the Chao1 Index between CD and HC groups (adjusted p-value = 0.029), highlighting lower GM richness as the primary marker for intestinal dysbiosis. DYS/FQM showed poor performance in identifying poor GM richness. Dys-R exhibited a 42% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 79% positive predictive value (PPV), and 55% negative predictive value (NPV) to identify poor GM richness. The new Dys-R questionnaire showed good performance in ruling out dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246 903, Brazil; (B.D.B.)
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Ahmed EA, Ahmed SM, Zakaria NH, Baddour NM, Header DA. Study of the gut microbiome in Egyptian patients with active ulcerative colitis. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2023; 88:246-255. [PMID: 35906158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic, uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was reported to be a factor in intestinal inflammation. The aim of the present study was to study changes in the gut microbiome in Egyptian patients with active UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the gut bacterial microbiome of 21 UC patients and 20 control subjects was analyzed using the quantitative SYBR Green real-time PCR technique, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of selected bacterial phyla/genera and/or species. RESULTS UC patients showed marked dysbiosis evidenced by a significant decrease in the Firmicutes and F. prausnitzii anti-inflammatory bacteria. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also lower in the UC cases (1.65), compared with the healthy controls (2.93). In addition, the UC cases showed a statistically significant decrease in Ruminococcus, compared with the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between UC patients and the controls, regarding A. muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotella. One UC case was positive for the pathogenic bacterium, Clostridioides difficile, with low relative abundance. CONCLUSION The current study showed differences in the gut microbiome of UC patients, compared with healthy controls. This may help in identifying the gut microbiome and specific bacterial changes that can be targeted for treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ahmed
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
| | - S M Ahmed
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
| | - N H Zakaria
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
| | - N M Baddour
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
| | - D A Header
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt.
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Hanes D, Nowinski B, Lamb JJ, Larson IA, McDonald D, Knight R, Song SJ, Patno N. The gastrointestinal and microbiome impact of a resistant starch blend from potato, banana, and apple fibers: A randomized clinical trial using smart caps. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987216. [PMID: 36245486 PMCID: PMC9559413 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) impact of fibers including resistant starch (RS) consumption depends on various types and amounts of fibers, the initial microbiome states, and accurate intake measurements. A randomized clinical trial evaluated the GI impact of varying doses of a novel resistant starch blend (RSB) with smart cap monitoring. RSB contained at least 50% RS and was a proprietary mixture of a potato starch, green banana flour, and apple fiber powder (a source of apple pectin, not resistant starch). The study design randomized participants to one of four arms: 10 g/day of potato starch (0 RSB), 10 g/day of RSB, 10 to 20 to 20 g/day of RSB or 10 to 20 to 30 g/day RSB for two-week intervals over 6 weeks. Results confirmed that while resistant starch of approximately 5 g per day improves GI symptoms at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, it did not demonstrate a detectable effect on short chain fatty acids. Increasing doses of the blend (RSB) led to a decrease in the diarrhea score. Using an estimate of total consumption of RSB based on smart cap recordings of container openings and protocol-specified doses of RSB, a reduction in the sleep disturbance score was associated with higher RSB dose. The exploratory microbiome evaluation demonstrated that among the 16S rRNA gene sequences most associated with the consumption of the novel blend RSB, two belong to taxa of notable interest to human health: Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Hanes
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brent Nowinski
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joseph J. Lamb
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Center, Gig Harbor, WA, United States
| | | | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Se Jin Song
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Noelle Patno
- Formerly Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Noelle Patno
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Impact of 2'-Fucosyllactose on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Conditions: Batch Culture Fermentation Model and Pilot Clinical Trial Findings. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030938. [PMID: 33799455 PMCID: PMC7998190 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis has been described in patients with certain gastrointestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide, is considered bifidogenic and butyrogenic. To assess prebiotic effects of 2′-FL, alone or in combination with probiotic strains (potential synbiotics), in vitro experiments were conducted on stool from healthy, IBS, and ulcerative colitis adult donors. In anaerobic batch culture fermenters, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides counts, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate increased during fermentation with 2′-FL and some of the 2′-FL/probiotic combinations. In a subsequent open-label pilot trial, the effect of a 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula was evaluated in twelve adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) total and gastrointestinal symptoms domain scores, stool counts of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and stool SCFAs including butyrate, increased after six weeks of intervention. Consistent with documented effects of 2′-FL, the batch culture fermentation experiments demonstrated bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of 2′-FL during fermentation with human stool samples. Consumption of the 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula by adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis was associated with improvements in intra- and extra-intestinal symptoms, and bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects.
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Ryan JJ, Patno NM. Short-Term Tolerability, Safety, and Gut Microbial Composition Responses to a Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplement: An Open-Label Study in Healthy Adults. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021; 20:24-34. [PMID: 34393673 PMCID: PMC8352413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are among the most commonly used dietary supplements and evidence of their efficacy is increasing. Despite the long historical use of probiotics, some experts suggest that additional research is necessary to understand their potential risks. OBJECTIVES Main aims of this study were to assess short-term tolerability and safety of a new, high colony-forming unit count, multi-strain probiotic supplement. Exploratory objectives included evaluating effects on gut microbial composition. METHODS Ten healthy adults were enrolled in a single-arm, open-label study. Over a 10-day period, participants consumed a once daily probiotic capsule (2.1 x 1011 CFU) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37, Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. The primary measure of tolerability pertained to whether or not participants completed the study. Secondary safety measures included clinical biomarkers from a routine metabolic panel and a complete blood count. Exploratory measures included stool microbiota counts. RESULTS All participants completed the study and there were no serious adverse events. All documented adverse events were prompted by the investigators and the most commonly reported symptoms were gastrointestinal. There was a single instance of a biomarker abnormality in one individual. Overall, decreases in total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase, and increases in stool levels of Lactobacillus species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Akkermansia muciniphila (P < .05) were observed over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest the multi-strain probiotic supplement was well-tolerated and most likely safe. Changes in liver function measures suggest the probiotics could potentially impact liver health. Stool microbiota changes suggest the probiotic could potentially impact gut health by affecting levels of intestinal microbiota that have been described as bioindicators of health and potential keystone species. However, additional research is necessary to follow up on the exploratory findings of this preliminary work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Joan Ryan
- investigator and adjunct faculty at the Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Noelle M. Patno
- Digestive Health Therapeutic Platform Lead at Metagenics, Inc in Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
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